Fiber reinforced composite material

Abstract

The invention relates to a reinforced composite material, in particular to a fiber reinforced composite material which comprises unprocessed cellosilk raw materials and thermoplastic high-molecular polymer raw materials, cellosilk is one or more of carbon fibers, glass fibers, Kevlar fibers, UHMWPE fibers, basalt fibers, bamboo fibers, jute fibers and metal fibers, the thermoplastic high-molecular polymer raw materials are thermoplastic high-molecular polymer raw materials, the thermoplastic high-molecular polymer raw materials are thermoplastic high-molecular polymer raw materials, and the thermoplastic high-molecular polymer raw materials are thermoplastic high-molecular polymer raw materials. The thermoplastic high-molecular polymer comprises but is not limited to one or a mixture of more of polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET / PETG), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK). The compatilizer and other small materials are used for increasing the bonding property of the thermoplastic resin and the fiber to be impregnated, the quality of the fiber reinforced composite material is improved, and the continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin impregnated wire rod used for the fused deposition process is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a reinforced composite material, in particular to a fiber reinforced composite material, belonging to the technical field of composite materials. Background Art

[0002] Fiber reinforced composites are composite materials formed by winding, molding or pultrusion of reinforcing fiber materials, such as glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, etc., with matrix materials. According to the different reinforcing materials, common fiber reinforced composites are divided into glass fiber reinforced composites (GFRP), carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP) and aramid fiber reinforced composites (AFRP).

[0003] Chinese patent number CN110713611B provides a method for interlayer modification of fiber reinforced composite materials and fiber reinforced composite materials, the method comprising: S1. Mixing binary nanocomposite reinforcement phase slurry with matrix resin to obtain a first mixture; the binary nanocomposite reinforcement phase slurry contains graphene oxide, oxidized carbon black and organic solvent; relative to 1 weight part of graphene oxide, the amount of oxidized carbon black is 0.1 to 0.5 weight part; S2. Removing the organic solvent in the first mixture and mixing it with a curing agent to obtain a second mixture; S3. Applying the second mixture on the surface of at least two layers of fiber reinforced composite sub-layer plates, and then laminating at least two layers of fiber reinforced composite sub-layer plates and hot pressing and curing to obtain interlayer modified fiber reinforced composite materials. The method reasonably combines graphene oxide and oxidized carbon black to obtain a binary nanocomposite reinforcement phase, and the two synergize with each other, so that the interlayer fracture toughness of the fiber reinforced composite material can be effectively improved.

[0004] However, although the above case can effectively improve the interlaminar fracture toughness of fiber-reinforced composite materials, the composite yarn production method requires extremely high pressure, temperature and long impregnation time during production due to the extremely high viscosity of the melt, and its process cannot better impregnate the fibers, resulting in relatively poor quality of fiber-reinforced composite materials.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a fiber reinforced composite material in order to solve the above problems.

[0007] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical scheme: a fiber-reinforced composite material, comprising an unprocessed fiber raw material and a thermoplastic polymer raw material, wherein the fiber is one or more of carbon fiber, glass fiber, Kevlar fiber, UHMWPE fiber, basalt fiber, bamboo fiber, hemp fiber, and metal fiber, and the thermoplastic polymer includes but is not limited to: polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET / PETG), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or one or more mixtures, the fiber is prepared into continuous and wound fiber or bundles for storage, the fiber has continuity, and the fiber-reinforced composite material is manufactured by performing continuous fiber production steps, yarn pretreatment, yarn spreading, matrix thermoplastic resin introduction, matrix resin modification extrusion, impregnation, cooling, detection and winding steps.

[0008] Furthermore, the carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, polyester fiber, basalt fiber, metal fiber, bamboo fiber, flax fiber or one or more continuous fiber bundles without surface treatment, the fiber bundle is one or more fiber bundles or a single fiber filament.

[0009] Furthermore, each bundle of the fiber filaments contains different numbers of fibers, such as 1, 100, or 1000 fibers, and the diameter of the fiber filaments is between 5 microns and 0.2 millimeters.

[0010] Furthermore, the impregnation process divides the main body into three steps: initial impregnation, cooling, and outer layer re-coating. This process can make the final cross-section of the product uniform and stable.

[0011] Furthermore, the tension on the fiber is adjusted by controlling this link, and the adjustment range is 0% to 100% of the fiber tensile strength.

[0012] Furthermore, the fiber pretreatment step is divided into two steps. The first step is to ensure the cleanliness of the used fiber. The second step is pretreatment. According to the fiber type and the type of impregnated thermoplastic resin, the pretreatment can be divided into two different schemes, chemical pretreatment and physical pretreatment.

[0013] Furthermore, the physical pretreatment method is online plasma treatment and high-energy current radiation. The advantages of this method are that it is pollution-free, quick in effect, and has low damage to the fiber surface, so that the fiber can be quickly put into the next production step after pretreatment. The chemical pretreatment adopts wet chemical oxidation method, which uses chemical solvents to modify the fiber surface. This method is easy to operate. It should be noted that the control of chemical solvents and drying after impregnation will take more time.

[0014] Furthermore, the raw material-matrix thermoplastic resin requires resin for introduction, and masterbatch and compatibilizer etc. can be added as needed when the resin is introduced into the barrel, and the addition ratio of the masterbatch is less than 5% by mass.

[0015] Furthermore, the thermoplastic high molecular polymer used for the impregnation is a thermoplastic resin with a melting temperature between 150 degrees Celsius and 450 degrees Celsius, as well as a mixture and alloy thereof.

[0016] Furthermore, the impregnation speed is 1-30 m / min, the outlet diameter of the impregnation mold is 0.2mm-3mm, the volume ratio of the continuous fiber in the composite yarn can be between 20%-50%, and the cross-section of the composite yarn is approximately circular with a diameter of 0.2mm-3mm.

[0017] The technical effects and advantages of the present invention are as follows: (1) The resin used in the present invention can be added with masterbatch and compatibilizer as needed when introduced into the barrel. The addition ratio of masterbatch is less than 5% by mass. Some high-temperature resin materials such as PEEK and PI cannot be added with general masterbatch of ordinary thermoplastic materials. Small materials such as compatibilizer are used to increase the bonding between thermoplastic resin and the fiber to be impregnated, improve the quality of fiber-reinforced composite materials, and continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin impregnated wire used in melt deposition process; (2) The physical pretreatment method used in this scheme is online plasma treatment and high-energy current radiation. The advantages of this method are no pollution, fast onset, low degree of damage to the fiber surface, so that the fiber can be quickly put into the next production step after pretreatment; (3) The impregnation process in the present invention is very creative and divides the main body into three steps: initial impregnation, cooling, and outer layer re-coating. This process can make the final cross-section of the product uniform and stable, which is conducive to the stability of the production of the subsequent process using this product. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the components of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] See also Figure 1As shown, a fiber reinforced composite material includes unprocessed fiber raw materials and thermoplastic polymer raw materials, the fiber filaments are one or more of carbon fiber, glass fiber, Kevlar fiber, UHMWPE fiber, basalt fiber, bamboo fiber, hemp fiber, and metal fiber, and the thermoplastic polymer includes but is not limited to: polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET / PETG), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) One or more are mixed, the fiber filaments are prepared into continuous and wound fiber filaments or bundles for storage, the fiber filaments have continuity, and the fiber reinforced composite material is manufactured by performing continuous fiber making steps, yarn pretreatment, yarn spreading, matrix thermoplastic resin introduction, matrix resin modification extrusion, impregnation, cooling, detection and winding steps.

[0021] As a technical optimization scheme of the present invention, one or more continuous fiber bundles without surface treatment, such as carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, polyester fiber, basalt fiber, metal fiber, bamboo fiber, and flax fiber, the fiber bundle is one or more fiber bundles or a single fiber filament, and each fiber filament bundle contains different numbers of fibers, such as 1, 100, or 1000 fibers, and the diameter of the fiber filament is 5 microns-0.2 mm. The impregnation process divides the main body into three steps, namely, initial infiltration, cooling, and outer layer coating. This process can make the final cross-section of the product uniform and stable, which is beneficial to the stability of the production of the subsequent process using this product. This process can make the final cross-section of the product uniform and stable, and the tension on the fiber is adjusted by controlling this link, and the adjustment range is 0% to 100% of the fiber tensile strength.

[0022] As a technical optimization scheme of the present invention, the fiber pretreatment step is divided into two steps. The first step is to ensure the cleanliness of the fiber to be used. The surface of most industrial reinforcing fibers available on the market has been coated with different adhesives, mainly in the form of polyester, phenol-formaldehyde, epoxy resin, silicone resin, polyimide or bismaleimide resin, and the adhesive on the surface is not necessarily suitable for compounding with thermoplastic substrates. The processing must be analyzed first. In principle, fibers without surface adhesives are used. If there is adhesive on the surface, this step needs to be added to clean the adhesive by immersing the fiber in a chemical solvent for cleaning and drying; the second step is pretreatment. According to the different types of fibers and the types of impregnated thermoplastic resins, the pretreatment can be divided into two different schemes: chemical pretreatment and physical pretreatment.

[0023] As a technical optimization scheme of the present invention, the physical pretreatment method is online plasma treatment and high-energy current radiation. The advantages of this method are that it is pollution-free, fast-acting, and has low damage to the fiber surface, so that the fiber can be quickly put into the next production step after pretreatment. The chemical pretreatment adopts wet chemical oxidation method to modify the fiber surface with chemical solvents. This method is easy to operate. It should be noted that the control of chemical solvents and drying after impregnation will consume more time.

[0024] As a technical optimization solution of the present invention, resin is required for the introduction of the raw material - matrix thermoplastic resin. Masterbatch and compatibilizer etc. can be added as needed when the resin is introduced into the barrel. The addition ratio of the masterbatch is less than 5% by mass. Some high-temperature resin materials such as PEEK, PI etc. cannot be added with universal masterbatch of ordinary thermoplastic materials.

[0025] As a technical optimization scheme of the present invention, the thermoplastic polymer used for impregnation is a thermoplastic resin with a melting temperature between 150 degrees Celsius and 450 degrees Celsius, as well as its mixture, alloy, etc. The impregnation speed is 1-30 meters per minute, the outlet diameter of the impregnation mold is 0.2mm-3mm, the volume ratio of the continuous fiber in the composite wire can be between 20%-50%, and the cross-section of the composite wire is approximately circular with a diameter of 0.2mm-3mm.

[0026] When the present invention is used, it is processed by fiber filaments and thermoplastic polymers. When producing fiber-reinforced composite materials, firstly, the raw material continuous fiber is introduced, and the continuous fiber bundle with surface treatment of the fiber filaments is then wound on a cylindrical storage shaft. The yarn pretreatment: Step 1: Ensure the cleanliness of the fiber being used. The surfaces of most industrial reinforcing fibers available on the market have been coated with different adhesives, mainly in the form of polyester, phenol-formaldehyde, epoxy resin, silicone resin, polyimide or bismaleimide resin, and the surface adhesive is not necessarily suitable for compounding with a thermoplastic substrate. The processing must be analyzed first. In principle, fibers without surface adhesives are used. If there is adhesive on the surface; the second step: pretreatment, according to the type of fiber, the type of thermoplastic resin impregnated, the pretreatment can be divided into two different schemes, chemical pretreatment and physical pretreatment, followed by yarn spreading treatment, raw material-matrix thermoplastic resin introduction, the resin introduction step uses the traditional mature extruder structure, and the barrel has a heating function to reduce the temperature difference when the material enters the screw, to ensure that the material in the barrel is dry and to reduce the possibility of water absorption by the material during the production process. The barrel heating temperature is between 40 degrees Celsius and 80 degrees Celsius, and then the matrix resin is modified, extruded and impregnated. After treatment, it is cooled and then tested by a laser wire diameter detection instrument to detect the size of the composite wire after cooling in real time. Finally, the winding unit uses a reciprocating winder.

[0027] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0028] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A fiber-reinforced composite material, comprising an unprocessed fiber raw material and a thermoplastic polymer raw material, characterized in that: The fiber filaments are one or more of carbon fiber, glass fiber, Kevlar fiber, UHMWPE fiber, basalt fiber, bamboo fiber, hemp fiber, and metal fiber. The thermoplastic polymer includes but is not limited to: polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET / PETG), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or one or more mixtures. The fiber filaments are prepared into continuous and wound fiber filaments or bundles for storage. The fiber filaments have continuity. When manufacturing the fiber-reinforced composite material, continuous fiber production steps, yarn pretreatment, yarn spreading, matrix thermoplastic resin introduction, matrix resin modification extrusion, impregnation, cooling, testing and winding steps are performed.

2. A fiber-reinforced composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, polyester fiber, basalt fiber, metal fiber, bamboo fiber, flax fiber or one or more continuous fiber bundles without surface treatment, the fiber bundle is one or more fiber bundles or a single fiber filament.

3. A fiber-reinforced composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each bundle of fiber filaments contains different numbers of fibers, such as 1, 100, or 1000 fibers, and the diameter of the fiber filaments is between 5 microns and 0.2 millimeters.

4. The fiber-reinforced composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impregnation process is divided into three steps: initial impregnation, cooling, and outer layer coating. This process can make the final cross-section of the product uniform and stable.

5. The fiber-reinforced composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tension on the fiber is adjusted by controlling this link, and the adjustment range is 0% to 100% of the fiber tensile strength.

6. The fiber-reinforced composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber pretreatment step is divided into two steps: the first step: ensuring the cleanliness of the used fiber; Step 2: Pretreatment, according to the fiber type, the type of thermoplastic resin impregnated, pretreatment can be divided into two different schemes, chemical pretreatment and physical pretreatment.

7. The fiber-reinforced composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The physical pretreatment method is online plasma treatment and high-energy current radiation. The advantages of this method are that it is pollution-free, quick in effect, and has low damage to the fiber surface, so that the fiber can be quickly put into the next production step after pretreatment. The chemical pretreatment adopts wet chemical oxidation method, which uses chemical solvents to modify the fiber surface. This method is easy to operate. It should be noted that the control of chemical solvents and drying after impregnation will take more time.

8. The fiber-reinforced composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw material-matrix thermoplastic resin needs to be introduced with resin. When the resin is introduced into the barrel, masterbatch and compatibilizer can be added as needed. The addition ratio of the masterbatch is less than 5% by mass.

9. The fiber-reinforced composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermoplastic high molecular polymer used for the impregnation is a thermoplastic resin with a melting temperature between 150 degrees Celsius and 450 degrees Celsius, as well as a mixture and alloy thereof.

10. The fiber-reinforced composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impregnation speed is 1-30 meters per minute, the outlet diameter of the impregnation mold is 0.2mm-3mm, the volume ratio of the continuous fiber in the composite wire can be between 20%-50%, and the cross-section of the composite wire is approximately circular with a diameter of 0.2mm-3mm.

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