Full-spectrum solar frequency-division photovoltaic photo-thermal hydrogen-electricity co-production system and method

Abstract

The invention provides a full-spectrum solar frequency-division photovoltaic photo-thermal hydrogen-electricity co-production system and method, and belongs to the technical field of new energy. The system comprises a sunlight distribution module, a photo-thermal chemical module, a photovoltaic power generation module, a light condensation and heat collection module and a separation module. And the photo-thermal chemical module, the photovoltaic power generation module and the light condensation and heat collection module are respectively arranged on distributed ultraviolet, visible and infrared light paths. And the separation module is connected with the photo-thermal chemical and photovoltaic power generation module. The photo-thermal chemical module comprises a rotatable spatially separated photo-thermal reaction tube formed by splicing an upper part and a lower part, and the inner wall of the photo-thermal chemical module is coated with an oxygen carrier. The photovoltaic power generation module comprises a photovoltaic panel and an anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolytic cell connected with the photovoltaic panel. And the light condensation and heat collection module is connected with the photovoltaic panel and the photo-thermal reaction tube. According to the system, sunlight of different wave bands is accurately distributed to a photothermal chemical unit, a photovoltaic power generation unit, a light condensation and heat collection unit and the like through the spectrum frequency division technology, multi-energy cooperative conversion is achieved at the low temperature (smaller than or equal to 150 DEG C) and under the normal pressure, and the solar energy utilization efficiency can be improved to the maximum extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of new energy technology, and specifically relates to a full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic-thermal-hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system and method. Background Art

[0002] As the global demand for clean energy continues to grow, solar energy, as a sustainable energy source, has become an important direction for energy development. However, current solar energy utilization technology still has certain shortcomings in terms of energy conversion efficiency and comprehensive utilization. Photovoltaic power generation technology can only utilize part of the visible light and infrared light, while the high-grade energy in the remaining bands has not been effectively utilized and is often lost in the form of low-grade thermal energy. At the same time, although solar thermal technology can utilize the full spectrum of solar energy, there are significant irreversible losses due to the conversion of all light energy into thermal energy. Therefore, a single solar energy technology has failed to fully tap the full potential of solar energy.

[0003] How to achieve the cascade utilization of full-spectrum solar energy is one of the key challenges to improving the efficiency of solar energy utilization. In recent years, spectral frequency division technology has attracted much attention as an innovative solution. This technology can achieve the cascade utilization of the full spectrum by combining sunlight of different wavelengths with corresponding energy conversion technologies. High-energy ultraviolet light can be used to drive photothermal chemical reactions to produce solar fuels, visible light can be used for photovoltaic power generation, and low-energy infrared light can be converted into thermal energy through photothermal technology, realizing the comprehensive utilization of full-spectrum solar energy.

[0004] In addition, the volatility and instability of solar energy also limit the flexibility of its application, especially in terms of how to efficiently consume excess photovoltaic power, which has become one of the key issues. On the one hand, unstable solar energy can be converted into chemical fuels for storage through photothermal chemical reactions; on the other hand, anion exchange membrane alkaline water electrolysis technology can efficiently convert excess electrical energy into hydrogen under mild conditions, realizing long-term storage and utilization of energy. In summary, the design of a multi-energy complementary and linkage system of light-heat-hydrogen-electricity is of great significance for improving the overall utilization of solar energy.

[0005] The Chinese invention patent with publication number CN114892180A discloses a photovoltaic-thermal-driven thermochemical and electrolytic coupled hydrogen production system and method, in which sunlight is collected and divided into short-wave and long-wave light through a solar concentrator and a frequency divider, wherein the short-wave light generates electricity through photovoltaics and drives high-temperature electrolysis to produce hydrogen, and the long-wave light drives a two-step thermochemical reactor to perform high-temperature thermochemical decomposition of water to produce hydrogen, while heat is recovered to achieve full-spectrum solar hydrogen production. However, the two-step hydrogen production reaction temperature used in the invention is high, there is a large amount of irreversible heat loss, and more stringent requirements are placed on both the concentrator and the frequency divider. In addition, the high-temperature thermochemical decomposition of water to produce hydrogen is carried out in steps, and the continuous production of hydrogen and oxygen cannot be achieved. In addition, another Chinese invention patent with publication number CN109336051A discloses a full-spectrum solar hydrogen production and storage integrated system, in which the focusing component focuses and reflects the incident full-spectrum solar energy to the photoelectric conversion component and the photothermal conversion component. The photoelectric conversion component converts the band solar energy that matches the band gap of the photoelectric conversion component into photoelectric energy, and uses the photo-electric energy to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen; the photothermal conversion component converts the remaining band solar energy of the full spectrum into photo-thermal energy, providing energy for ammonia synthesis and ammonia decomposition to produce hydrogen, realizing full-spectrum hydrogen production and storage integration. However, the ammonia synthesis and decomposition process of this system requires higher temperature and pressure, which leads to an increase in the overall energy consumption of the system, a large heat loss, and a reduction in energy utilization efficiency.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic hydrogen-power cogeneration system that can achieve synergistic conversion between multiple energies at a lower temperature (≤150ºC) and normal pressure, so as to maximize the efficiency of solar energy utilization. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic-thermal-hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system and method, which uses spectrum frequency-dividing technology to accurately distribute sunlight of different bands to units such as photothermal chemistry, photovoltaic power generation and concentrated solar heat collection, and realizes the synergistic conversion between multiple energies at a relatively low temperature (≤150 ºC) and normal pressure. The system can not only maximize the efficiency of solar energy utilization, but also effectively solve the problems of energy storage and power volatility through hydrogen storage and fuel cell power generation, and provide an innovative solution for the cascade utilization of full-spectrum solar energy and hydrogen-electricity cogeneration.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: On one hand, the present invention provides a full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic-thermal-hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system, including a sunlight distribution module, a photothermal chemical module, a photovoltaic power generation module, a concentrating heat collection module, and a separation module; The photothermal chemical module, photovoltaic power generation module, and concentrating heat collection module are respectively arranged on the ultraviolet light path, visible light path, and infrared light path allocated by the sunlight distribution module; the separation module is connected to the photothermal chemical module and the photovoltaic power generation module; the photothermal chemical module includes a photothermal reaction tube, which is composed of an upper pipe and a lower pipe spliced ​​together and can rotate, and the upper pipe and the lower pipe are spatially separated; the inner wall of the photothermal reaction tube is coated with an oxygen carrier material; the photovoltaic power generation module includes a photovoltaic panel and an anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolyzer connected to the photovoltaic panel; the concentrating heat collection module is connected to the photovoltaic panel and the photothermal reaction tube.

[0009] In one embodiment, the sunlight distribution module includes a focusing component, an ultraviolet light frequency division component and a visible light frequency division component, wherein the ultraviolet light frequency division component is located in the focusing light path direction of the focusing component, and the visible light frequency division component is arranged on the light path after the frequency division of the ultraviolet light frequency division component. The photothermal reaction tube is arranged on the ultraviolet light path divided by the ultraviolet light frequency division component, the focusing and heat collection module is arranged on the infrared light path divided by the visible light frequency division component, and the photovoltaic panel is arranged on the visible light path divided by the visible light frequency division component.

[0010] In one embodiment, the outlet of cooling water in the photovoltaic panel is connected to the inlet of the concentrating and heat collecting module and the water inlet of the anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolyzer.

[0011] In one embodiment, the inlet located at the lower side of the photothermal reaction tube is connected to the outlet of the nitrogen and water vapor delivery pipeline, the inlet of the nitrogen and water vapor delivery pipeline is connected to the water vapor pipeline and the outlet of the nitrogen pipeline, and the inlet of the water vapor pipeline is connected to the outlet of the concentrating and thermal collection module; the inlet located at the upper side of the photothermal reaction tube is connected to the outlet of the nitrogen delivery pipeline; the outlet of the photothermal reaction tube is connected to the separation module.

[0012] In one embodiment, the separation module includes an air separation unit, an oxygen storage tank, a hydrogen storage tank, and a condenser; The air separation unit is connected to an oxygen storage tank and a hydrogen storage tank, and the condenser is arranged on a connecting pipe between the air separation unit and the hydrogen storage tank.

[0013] In one embodiment, the electrolytic oxygen inlet of the oxygen storage tank and the electrolytic hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen storage tank are connected to the anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolyzer.

[0014] In one embodiment, the oxygen carrier material is one or more of Cu / TiO2 and Ag / TiO2.

[0015] The present invention also provides a full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic-thermal-hydrogen-electricity cogeneration method, comprising the following steps: The sunlight distribution module distributes the ultraviolet light in the sunlight to the photothermal reaction tube, distributes the visible light to the photovoltaic panel, and distributes the infrared light to the concentrating and heat collecting module; The photovoltaic panel converts visible light into electrical energy, and passes H2O through the photovoltaic backplane of the photovoltaic panel to cool the photovoltaic panel. A part of the H2O enters the anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolyzer to produce hydrogen and oxygen, which are then transported to the separation module. The other part of the H2O enters the concentrating solar collector module and is heated to water vapor. Nitrogen is introduced into the photothermal reaction tube under ultraviolet light irradiation, the upper part of the photothermal reaction tube is irradiated by ultraviolet light, the oxygen carrier material coated on the inner wall of the upper part of the tube generates oxygen, and a first mixed gas containing oxygen and nitrogen is output, and the upper part of the tube loses oxygen to become an oxygen-depleted tube; the oxygen-depleted tube rotates to the lower non-ultraviolet light irradiation area, and the original lower part of the tube rotates to the upper part, and the oxygen production process under ultraviolet light irradiation is repeated; The nitrogen is introduced to bring the water vapor into the oxygen-depleted pipeline to react with the oxygen-depleted oxygen-carrying material on the oxygen-depleted pipeline to generate hydrogen, and a second mixed gas containing nitrogen, water vapor and hydrogen is output; The first mixed gas and the second mixed gas are separated into oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor and hydrogen by the separation module and then stored.

[0016] In one embodiment, the temperature of the water vapor is 140°C or above.

[0017] In one embodiment, the separation module includes an air separation unit, an oxygen storage tank, a hydrogen storage tank, and a condenser; When the first mixed gas is separated, the first mixed gas is separated into oxygen and nitrogen through an air separation unit, the oxygen is stored in an oxygen storage tank, and the nitrogen re-enters the photothermal reaction tube for utilization; When the second mixed gas is separated, the second mixed gas is successively separated into nitrogen, water and hydrogen through an air separation unit and a condenser, the hydrogen is stored in a hydrogen storage tank, and the nitrogen re-enters the photothermal reaction tube for utilization.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic-photothermal-hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system, which applies the spectrum frequency-dividing technology to the cascade utilization of full-spectrum solar energy, and uses the sunlight distribution module to accurately distribute sunlight of different bands to the photothermal chemical, photovoltaic power generation and concentrated heat collection modules, thereby realizing the efficient conversion of full-spectrum solar energy and maximizing the energy utilization efficiency. The present invention innovatively realizes a multi-energy complementary system of light, heat, hydrogen and electricity by using high-energy ultraviolet light for photothermal chemical reaction to produce hydrogen, using visible light for photovoltaic power generation, and using low-energy infrared light for heat recovery, overcoming the limitation that a single technology cannot fully utilize the working capacity of full-spectrum solar energy. In addition, the present invention integrates the photothermal chemical water decomposition technology and the anion exchange membrane alkaline water electrolysis technology to convert excess electrical energy into hydrogen and realize efficient energy storage and reuse. This innovation effectively addresses the problem of solar energy volatility and provides a solution for long-term energy storage. The present invention also forms a closed-loop high-temperature water vapor circulation system through the connection design of photovoltaic panels, photothermal reaction tubes and concentrated heat collection modules, and uses the high-temperature water vapor generated by the concentrated heat collection modules for hydrogen production in the photothermal reaction tubes, thereby improving the efficiency of photothermal utilization, forming a closed-loop structure of energy circulation, and further improving the overall efficiency of the system. The upper and lower layers of rotating photothermal chemical reaction pipelines used in the present invention can achieve the separation of oxygen and hydrogen production in time and space by continuously rotating and switching the reaction position, avoiding additional separation power consumption, and the design greatly improves the reaction efficiency.

[0019] The present invention also provides a full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic photothermal hydrogen-electricity cogeneration method, which first uses the spectrum frequency-dividing technology to distribute the ultraviolet light, visible light and infrared light in the sunlight to different energy conversion modules. This distribution method ensures that each energy conversion module can receive the spectrum segment that is most suitable for its work, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency. In the photothermal reaction tube, oxygen is generated by irradiating the inner wall of the pipe coated with the oxygen carrier material with ultraviolet light. This process can be carried out at room temperature and pressure, without high temperature and high pressure conditions. The high-temperature water vapor generated by the concentrating and collecting module reacts with the oxygen-depleted oxygen carrier material in the photothermal reaction tube to generate hydrogen, which is also completed under low temperature and normal pressure conditions. In addition, the method not only realizes photothermal chemical hydrogen production and photovoltaic power generation, but also converts excess photovoltaic power into hydrogen and oxygen through an anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolyzer, realizing long-term storage and recycling of energy. The concentrating and collecting module uses infrared light to generate heat, provides water vapor for the photothermal chemical reaction, and further improves the energy utilization efficiency.

[0020] In summary, the full-spectrum solar frequency-division photovoltaic-thermal hydrogen-power cogeneration method provided by the present invention can solve the technical difficulties in the prior art in achieving synergistic conversion of multiple energies at relatively low temperatures and normal pressures through technical means such as spectrum frequency division technology, energy conversion at low temperature (≤150ºC) and normal pressure, synergistic conversion of multiple energies, and efficient energy separation and storage, and maximize the efficiency of solar energy utilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic-thermal-hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system of the present invention; Among them: 1- focusing component; 2- ultraviolet light frequency division component; 3- photothermal reaction tube; 4- cross section of photothermal reaction tube; 5- visible light frequency division component; 6- collector; 7- photovoltaic panel; 8- anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolyzer; 9- oxygen storage tank; 10- hydrogen storage tank; 11- three-way valve; 12- air separation unit; 13- condenser. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0024] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: See also Figure 1The present invention provides a full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic-thermal hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system, which mainly includes a sunlight distribution module, a photothermal chemical module, a photovoltaic power generation module, a concentrating heat collection module and a separation module; the photothermal chemical module, the photovoltaic power generation module and the concentrating heat collection module are respectively arranged on the allocated ultraviolet, visible and infrared light paths. The separation module connects the photothermal chemical module with the photovoltaic power generation module. The photothermal chemical module contains a rotatable space-separated photothermal reaction tube 3 spliced ​​by upper and lower parts, and the inner wall is coated with an oxygen carrier. The photovoltaic power generation module contains a photovoltaic panel 7 and a connected anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolyzer 8. The concentrating heat collection module is connected to the photovoltaic panel 7 and the photothermal reaction tube 3.

[0025] Specifically, the sunlight distribution module is used to divide sunlight into ultraviolet light, visible light and infrared light and distribute them to the photothermal chemical module, the photovoltaic power generation module and the concentrating solar collector module.

[0026] The photothermal chemical module is arranged on the ultraviolet light path distributed by the sunlight distribution module, and specifically includes a photothermal reaction tube 3 formed by splicing the upper part pipeline and the lower part pipeline separated in space, the inner wall of the photothermal reaction tube 3 is coated with an oxygen carrier material, and the photothermal reaction tube 3 can rotate. The inlet located at the lower side of the photothermal reaction tube 3 is connected to the outlet of the nitrogen and water vapor delivery pipeline, the inlet of the nitrogen and water vapor delivery pipeline is connected to the water vapor pipeline and the outlet of the nitrogen pipeline, and the inlet of the water vapor pipeline is connected to the outlet of the concentrating heat collection module; the inlet located at the upper side of the photothermal reaction tube 3 is connected to the outlet of the nitrogen delivery pipeline; the outlet of the photothermal reaction tube 3 is connected to the separation module.

[0027] The photovoltaic power generation module is arranged on the visible light path distributed by the sunlight distribution module, and comprises a photovoltaic panel 7 and an anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolyzer 8 connected to the photovoltaic panel 7 .

[0028] The concentrating and solar-collecting module is arranged on the infrared light path distributed by the solar light distribution module, and is connected to the photovoltaic panel 7 and the photothermal reaction tube 3. The concentrating and solar-collecting module is specifically a collector 6. Specifically, the cooling water outlet of the photovoltaic panel 7 is connected to the inlet of the concentrating and solar-collecting module, which is used to receive the cooling water from the photovoltaic panel 7 and heat it into water vapor, and the outlet of the collector 6 is connected to the inlet of the water vapor pipe.

[0029] The separation module is connected to the photothermal chemical module and the photovoltaic power generation module to separate and collect the generated gases (such as oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen).

[0030] The present invention also provides a cogeneration method based on the above full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic thermal hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system, the process is as follows: The sunlight distribution module distributes the ultraviolet light in the sunlight to the photothermal reaction tube 3, distributes the visible light to the photovoltaic panel 7, and distributes the infrared light to the concentrating heat collection module; The photovoltaic panel 7 converts visible light into electrical energy, and passes H2O through the photovoltaic back plate of the photovoltaic panel 7 to cool the photovoltaic panel 7. A portion of the H2O enters the anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolyzer 8 to be electrolyzed to produce hydrogen and oxygen, which are then transported to the separation module, and another portion of the H2O enters the concentrating solar collector module to be heated to water vapor; wherein the temperature of the water vapor is 140°C or above; Nitrogen is introduced into the photothermal reaction tube 3 under ultraviolet light irradiation, the upper part of the photothermal reaction tube 3 is irradiated by ultraviolet light, the oxygen carrier material coated on the inner wall of the upper part of the pipe generates oxygen, and a first mixed gas containing oxygen and nitrogen is output, and the upper part of the pipe loses oxygen to become an oxygen-depleted pipe; the oxygen-depleted pipe rotates to the lower non-ultraviolet light irradiation area, and the original lower part of the pipe rotates to the upper part, repeating the oxygen production process under ultraviolet light irradiation; The nitrogen is introduced to bring the water vapor into the oxygen-depleted pipeline to react with the oxygen-depleted oxygen-carrying material on the oxygen-depleted pipeline to generate hydrogen, and a second mixed gas containing nitrogen, water vapor and hydrogen is output; The first mixed gas and the second mixed gas are separated into oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor and hydrogen by the separation module and then stored.

[0031] The present invention relates to a full-spectrum solar frequency-division photovoltaic-thermal-hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system, which couples spectrum frequency-division technology with advanced technologies such as photothermal chemistry and photovoltaic power generation, and aims to achieve efficient energy conversion and storage of solar energy by effectively allocating different wavebands of solar energy. In addition, the system can significantly improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy, realize the cascade utilization of full-spectrum solar energy, and provide innovative solutions for the sustainable utilization of renewable energy.

[0032] In one embodiment, a full-spectrum solar frequency-dividing photovoltaic thermal hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system is provided, which mainly includes a focusing component 1, an ultraviolet frequency-dividing component 2, a photothermal reaction tube 3, a visible light frequency-dividing component 5, a collector 6, a photovoltaic panel 7, an anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolyzer 8, an oxygen storage tank 9, a hydrogen storage tank 10, a three-way valve 11, an air separation unit 12 and a condenser 13, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 shown.

[0033] The focusing component 1, the ultraviolet light frequency division component 2 and the visible light frequency division component 5 constitute a sunlight distribution module; the photovoltaic panel 7 and the anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolyzer 8 constitute a photovoltaic power generation module; the photothermal reaction tube 3 constitutes a photothermal chemical module, and the photothermal reaction tube 3 is composed of an upper pipe and a lower pipe spliced ​​together, and the upper pipe and the lower pipe are spatially separated; the inner wall of the photothermal reaction tube 3 is coated with an oxygen carrier material; the focusing and heat collection module is a collector 6; the oxygen storage tank 9, the hydrogen storage tank 10, the air separation unit 12 and the condenser 13 constitute a separation module.

[0034] The ultraviolet light frequency division component 2 is located in the focusing light path direction of the focusing component 1, the visible light frequency division component 5 is arranged on the light path after the frequency division of the ultraviolet light frequency division component 2, the photothermal reaction tube 3 is arranged on the ultraviolet light path divided by the ultraviolet light frequency division component 2, the focusing and heat collection module is arranged on the infrared light path divided by the visible light frequency division component 5, and the photovoltaic panel 7 is arranged on the visible light path divided by the visible light frequency division component 5.

[0035] Among them, the focusing component 1 is used to focus the full spectrum solar energy to improve the energy density; the ultraviolet frequency division component 2 separates the high-quality ultraviolet light before 400nm from the light of other bands to ensure that it enters the photothermal reaction tube 3 to drive the chemical reaction. The photothermal reaction tube 3 drives the chemical reaction to generate hydrogen or oxygen. The photothermal reaction tube section 4 shows the internal structure of the reaction tube to better understand the photothermal chemical process. From the cross-section of the photothermal reaction tube section 4, the photothermal reaction tube 3 is a pipeline composed of an upper pipeline and a lower pipeline spliced ​​together. The upper pipeline and the lower pipeline are separated in space and can be rotated and interchanged. During production, the upper pipeline located on the upper side is fed with nitrogen by the nitrogen delivery pipeline, and the lower pipeline located on the lower side is fed with nitrogen and water vapor by the nitrogen water vapor delivery pipeline. After rotation, the upper and lower pipelines are interchanged. After the interchange, nitrogen is still fed into the pipeline currently located on the upper side by the nitrogen delivery pipeline, and nitrogen and water vapor are fed into the pipeline located on the lower side by the nitrogen water vapor delivery pipeline. The visible frequency division component 5 further distributes the visible light before 780 nm to the photovoltaic panel 7 to ensure that the incident spectrum matches the band gap energy of the photovoltaic cell and realizes efficient power generation. The collector 6 uses infrared light to generate heat and provide water vapor for the photothermal chemical reaction. The photovoltaic panel 7 converts the visible light obtained by frequency division into electrical energy. The anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolyzer 8 converts the photovoltaic power that cannot be absorbed into hydrogen and oxygen to achieve energy storage. The oxygen storage tank 9 stores the oxygen produced by the photothermal chemical and electrolysis process. The hydrogen storage tank 10 stores the hydrogen produced by the photothermal chemical and electrolysis process. The three-way valve 11 is used to adjust the switching between the gases. The air separation unit 12 separates the gas and nitrogen produced by the photothermal chemical reaction to improve the gas purity. The condenser 13 is used to cool and recover the water vapor in the system to improve the gas purity produced by the photothermal chemical reaction.

[0036] The outlet of cooling water in the photovoltaic panel 7 is connected to the inlet of the collector 6 and the water inlet of the anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolyzer 8, the inlet located at the lower side of the photothermal reaction tube 3 is connected to the outlet of the nitrogen water vapor delivery pipeline, the inlet of the nitrogen water vapor delivery pipeline is connected to the water vapor pipeline and the outlet of the nitrogen pipeline, and the inlet of the water vapor pipeline is connected to the outlet of the collector 6; the inlet located at the upper side of the photothermal reaction tube 3 is connected to the outlet of the nitrogen delivery pipeline; the outlet of the photothermal reaction tube 3 is connected to the separation module. The nitrogen pipeline is connected to the nitrogen delivery pipeline with a nitrogen source. Among them, a three-way valve 11 is set at the inlet of the nitrogen water vapor delivery pipeline connected to the water vapor pipeline and the outlet of the nitrogen pipeline.

[0037] The air separation unit 12 is connected to the oxygen storage tank 9 and the hydrogen storage tank 10, the condenser 13 is arranged on the connecting pipe between the air separation unit 12 and the hydrogen storage tank 10, and the electrolytic oxygen inlet of the oxygen storage tank 9 and the electrolytic hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 10 are connected to the anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolyzer 8.

[0038] More specifically, the above system further comprises an output pipeline, a hydrogen branch, a nitrogen branch and an oxygen branch; The inlet of the output pipeline is connected to the outlet of the photothermal reaction tube 3, and the outlet of the output pipeline is connected to the inlet of the air separation unit 12; the hydrogen outlet of the air separation unit 12 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen branch, the outlet of the hydrogen branch is connected to the hydrogen storage tank 10, and the condenser 13 is arranged on the hydrogen branch; the oxygen outlet of the air separation unit 12 is connected to the inlet of the oxygen branch, the outlet of the oxygen branch is connected to the oxygen storage tank 9, the nitrogen outlet of the air separation unit 12 is connected to the inlet of the nitrogen branch, and the outlet of the nitrogen branch is connected to the nitrogen pipeline and the nitrogen delivery pipeline.

[0039] The above oxygen carrier material is one or more of Cu / TiO2 and Ag / TiO2.

[0040] The flow of H2O and N2 in the above full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic thermal hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system is as follows: H2O first cools the photovoltaic through the photovoltaic backplane on the photovoltaic panel 7, and the outlet of H2O is connected to the anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolyzer 8 and the collector 6. For the former, when the photovoltaic power cannot be connected to the grid for consumption, H2O enters the anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolyzer 8 and electrolyzes to produce hydrogen and oxygen. For the latter, H2O enters the collector 6 and is heated to 140 ºC or above water vapor. At this time, it is brought into the oxygen-depleted oxygen carrier pipeline (oxygen-depleted pipeline) through N2 to participate in the hydrogen production reaction; the outlet gas of the photothermal reaction tube 3 is a second mixed gas composed of N2, water vapor and H2, which is gradually separated into N2, water and H2 through the air separation unit 12 and the condenser 13; wherein, H2 is stored in the hydrogen storage tank 10, N2 re-enters the gas circuit for utilization, and the unreacted H2O obtained by condensation is also passed into the photovoltaic backplane for recycling. In addition, for the photothermal reaction tube 3 under ultraviolet light, only N2 is introduced for purging, and the outlet of the photothermal reaction tube 3 is a first mixed gas composed of N2 and O2. After separation by the air separation unit 12, N2 enters the pipeline circulation, and O2 is stored in the oxygen storage tank 9.

[0041] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic thermal hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system. The system focuses sunlight through a focusing component 1 (Fresnel focusing or trough focusing) and focuses it to an ultraviolet frequency-dividing component 2. In this process, high-energy ultraviolet light is effectively separated and guided to a photothermal reaction tube 3 for further reaction. The photothermal reaction tube 3 consists of two layers of pipes (see the specific structure). Figure 1 As shown in 4 in the figure, the tube walls of the photothermal reaction tube 3 are coated with oxygen carrier materials (such as Cu / TiO2, Ag / TiO2, etc.). Nitrogen is introduced into the upper pipe of the photothermal reaction tube 3 under ultraviolet light irradiation. Under the action of high-energy ultraviolet photons, the oxygen carrier material coated on the tube wall loses lattice oxygen and generates oxygen. When the reaction is complete, the photothermal reaction tube 3 rotates, and the original lower pipe is turned to the upper side, and the oxygen generation process under ultraviolet light irradiation is repeated. In addition, the generated first mixed gas (nitrogen and oxygen) is separated by the air separation unit 12 to obtain high-purity oxygen and store it in the oxygen storage tank 9.

[0042] After the original upper pipe rotates downward, water vapor at 140 ºC or above generated by the collector 6 is introduced and carried into the current lower pipe by nitrogen, reacting with the oxygen carrier after deoxygenation to generate hydrogen. In addition, the generated mixed gas (hydrogen, nitrogen and water vapor) is separated by the air separation unit 12 and the condenser 13 to remove nitrogen and water vapor, obtain high-purity hydrogen and store it in the hydrogen storage tank 10. Through continuous rotation and gas switching, the alternating production of oxygen and hydrogen is achieved.

[0043] The specific reaction steps are as follows:

[0044]

[0045] The remaining spectrum (visible light and infrared light) passes through the visible frequency division component 5, at which time the visible light is separated and transmitted to the photovoltaic panel 7, and the solar energy in the visible light band is converted into electrical energy through the photovoltaic panel 7. Since the spectrum distribution is highly matched with the band gap of the photovoltaic panel 7, the photovoltaic efficiency is significantly improved. In order to avoid the decrease in efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 7 due to high temperature, the back panel of the photovoltaic panel 7 is connected to the water cooling system. When the electricity generated by the photovoltaic system cannot be connected to the grid for consumption, the excess electricity will be used in the anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolyzer 8 to electrolyze the water from the photovoltaic back panel, and produce high-purity hydrogen and oxygen at the cathode and anode respectively, and these gases are further stored in the oxygen storage tank 9 and the hydrogen storage tank 10.

[0046] The remaining infrared light is reflected by the visible light frequency division component 5 to the collector 6, which is used to heat the water from cooling the photovoltaic back panel to produce water vapor at 140 ºC or above. The water vapor is brought into the photothermal reaction tube 3 by nitrogen purge and reacts with the oxygen carrier after deoxygenation to generate hydrogen.

[0047] In addition, in the case of insufficient power supply, the system can be further coupled with technologies such as fuel cells or hydrogen-oxygen heat engines to generate electricity using stored hydrogen and oxygen to supplement the power gap and ensure stable operation of the system under different energy demand scenarios.

[0048] Through the above implementation cases, the full-spectrum solar hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system based on frequency division of the present invention has demonstrated significant innovation and practicality. Through spectral frequency division technology, the system can efficiently allocate and utilize solar energy of different bands, realize the cascade utilization of solar energy, and significantly improve the overall energy conversion efficiency. In addition, the system design takes into account the volatility and instability of solar energy, and ensures stable operation under different energy demand scenarios through efficient hydrogen storage and utilization. This innovative solution not only provides new ideas for the effective use of renewable energy.

[0049] The present invention makes full use of the energy of different wavelengths of solar energy through spectrum frequency division technology, greatly improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy. The system rationally distributes sunlight to modules such as photothermal chemical reaction, photovoltaic power generation and concentrated solar heat collection, realizing the multi-energy complementarity of light, heat, hydrogen and electricity, thereby optimizing the overall energy conversion and utilization mode.

[0050] The present invention adopts two layers of rotating photothermal reaction tubes 3, and realizes the separation of oxygen and hydrogen production in time and space by continuously rotating and switching the reaction position, avoiding additional separation power consumption. This design greatly improves the reaction efficiency.

[0051] The system proposed by the present invention effectively utilizes visible light that is highly matched with the bandgap energy of the photovoltaic panel 7, significantly improves the energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power generation, and minimizes energy loss caused by spectral mismatch.

[0052] The present invention uses photothermal chemical water splitting technology and anion exchange membrane alkaline water electrolysis technology to efficiently convert excess photovoltaic power into hydrogen, solving the problems of instability and volatility in the process of solar energy utilization and achieving long-term storage and recycling of energy.

[0053] The present invention only uses clean solar energy and can effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The system not only improves energy utilization efficiency, but also helps to reduce overall energy costs, providing an innovative solution for the development of the hydrogen energy economy and has broad market prospects.

[0054] In summary, the present invention significantly improves the utilization efficiency of solar energy by integrating spectrum division and multiple energy conversion technologies, and has broad application prospects and sustainable development potential.

[0055] The above contents are only for explaining the technical idea of ​​the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution in accordance with the technical idea proposed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic-thermal-hydrogen-power cogeneration system, characterized in that: It includes a sunlight distribution module, a photothermal chemical module, a photovoltaic power generation module, a concentrating and heat collecting module and a separation module; The photothermal chemical module, the photovoltaic power generation module, and the concentrating heat collection module are respectively arranged on the ultraviolet light path, the visible light path, and the infrared light path allocated by the sunlight distribution module; the separation module is connected to the photothermal chemical module and the photovoltaic power generation module; the photothermal chemical module comprises a photothermal reaction tube (3), the photothermal reaction tube (3) is composed of an upper pipe and a lower pipe spliced ​​together, and the upper pipe and the lower pipe are spatially separated; the inner wall of the photothermal reaction tube (3) is coated with an oxygen carrier material; the photovoltaic power generation module comprises a photovoltaic panel (7) and an anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolyzer (8) connected to the photovoltaic panel (7); the concentrating heat collection module is connected to the photovoltaic panel (7) and the photothermal reaction tube (3).

2. The full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic-thermal-hydrogen-power cogeneration system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sunlight distribution module comprises a light collecting component (1), an ultraviolet light frequency dividing component (2) and a visible light frequency dividing component (5), wherein the ultraviolet light frequency dividing component (2) is located in the direction of the focused light path of the light collecting component (1), and the visible light frequency dividing component (5) is arranged on the light path after the frequency division by the ultraviolet light frequency dividing component (2).

3. The full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic-thermal-hydrogen-power cogeneration system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outlet of the cooling water in the photovoltaic panel (7) is connected to the inlet of the concentrating and heat collecting module and the water inlet of the anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolyzer (8).

4. The full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic-thermal-hydrogen-power cogeneration system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inlet located at the lower side of the photothermal reaction tube (3) is connected to the outlet of the nitrogen and water vapor delivery pipeline, the inlet of the nitrogen and water vapor delivery pipeline is connected to the water vapor pipeline and the outlet of the nitrogen pipeline, and the inlet of the water vapor pipeline is connected to the outlet of the concentrating heat collection module; the inlet located at the upper side of the photothermal reaction tube (3) is connected to the outlet of the nitrogen delivery pipeline; and the outlet of the photothermal reaction tube (3) is connected to the separation module.

5. The full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic-thermal-hydrogen-power cogeneration system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The separation module comprises an air separation unit (12), an oxygen storage tank (9), a hydrogen storage tank (10) and a condenser (13); The air separation unit (12) is connected to an oxygen storage tank (9) and a hydrogen storage tank (10), and the condenser (13) is arranged on a connecting pipe between the air separation unit (12) and the hydrogen storage tank (10).

6. The full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic-thermal-hydrogen-power cogeneration system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The electrolytic oxygen inlet of the oxygen storage tank (9) and the electrolytic hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen storage tank (10) are connected to the anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolyzer (8).

7. The full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic-thermal-hydrogen-power cogeneration system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The oxygen carrier material is one or more of Cu / TiO2 and Ag / TiO2.

8. A full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic-thermal-hydrogen-electricity cogeneration method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The sunlight distribution module distributes ultraviolet light in the sunlight to the photothermal reaction tube (3), distributes visible light to the photovoltaic panel (7), and distributes infrared light to the concentrating heat collection module; The photovoltaic panel (7) converts visible light into electrical energy, and H2O is introduced through the photovoltaic back plate of the photovoltaic panel (7) to cool the photovoltaic panel (7). A portion of the H2O enters the anion exchange membrane alkaline electrolyzer (8) to be electrolyzed to produce hydrogen and oxygen, which are then transported to the separation module, and another portion of the H2O enters the concentrating heat collection module to be heated to become water vapor; Nitrogen is introduced into the upper pipe of the photothermal reaction tube (3) under ultraviolet light irradiation, and the oxygen carrier material coated on the inner wall of the upper pipe generates oxygen, and a first mixed gas containing oxygen and nitrogen is output, and the upper pipe loses oxygen to become an oxygen-depleted pipe; the oxygen-depleted pipe rotates to the lower non-ultraviolet light irradiation area, and the original lower pipe rotates to the upper part, and the oxygen production process under ultraviolet light irradiation is repeated; The nitrogen is introduced to bring the water vapor into the oxygen-depleted pipeline to react with the oxygen-depleted oxygen-carrying material on the oxygen-depleted pipeline to generate hydrogen, and a second mixed gas containing nitrogen, water vapor and hydrogen is output; The first mixed gas and the second mixed gas are separated into oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor and hydrogen by the separation module and then stored.

9. The full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic-thermal-hydrogen-electricity cogeneration method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The temperature of the water vapor is 140°C or above.

10. The full-spectrum solar frequency-divided photovoltaic-thermal-hydrogen-electricity cogeneration method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The separation module comprises an air separation unit (12), an oxygen storage tank (9), a hydrogen storage tank (10) and a condenser (13); When the first mixed gas is separated, the first mixed gas is separated into oxygen and nitrogen through an air separation unit (12), the oxygen is stored in an oxygen storage tank (9), and the nitrogen re-enters the photothermal reaction tube (3) for utilization; When the second mixed gas is separated, the second mixed gas is successively separated into nitrogen, water and hydrogen through the air separation unit (12) and the condenser (13), the hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage tank (10), and the nitrogen re-enters the photothermal reaction tube (3) for utilization.

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