Breathing green heat preservation and storage building block integrating heat preservation and structure

Abstract

The application relates to a kind of breathing type green heat preservation and storage building blocks with heat preservation and structure integration, and belongs to the technical field of masonry structure building, and specifically relates to a kind of building blocks. In order to solve the problem of insufficient heat storage capacity and low thermal inertia of existing rural houses in severe cold regions, the building blocks enhance the thermal stability of the wall, improve the connection performance between the building blocks, simplify the masonry process of the wall, and improve the thermal performance and structural performance of the wall. The application is also equipped with a simple construction operation, which reduces the amount of wet work in the masonry project. The structure layer uses phase change material and has an airflow circulation channel in the building block. The building block can absorb and store the heat of the circulating hot air in the building block when the temperature is high during the day in winter. The heat is released to the indoor when the outdoor temperature decreases at night, which achieves the goal of reducing the heating energy consumption and carbon emission of the house and promoting the development of masonry structure rural houses in severe cold regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of masonry structure building technology, and specifically relates to a masonry block. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's economy and the vigorous promotion of rural revitalization, the rural population is constantly increasing, the number of newly built rural houses is growing, and the building area of ​​rural houses is expanding. Statistics show that by 2020, the rural population had reached more than half the size of the urban population, accounting for about 36% of the national population. It is estimated that rural residential building area accounts for about 40% of the total building area in the country, and the energy consumption and carbon emission levels of rural housing have reached about 25% of the national building energy consumption and carbon emission levels.

[0003] Currently, in some rural areas, due to economic and technological constraints, weak awareness of energy conservation and emission reduction, and lagging information flow, a large number of rural houses still cause significant resource and energy waste and carbon emissions annually. This is especially true in rural areas with severe cold, where harsh climates lead to substantial energy consumption and carbon emissions for heating alone each year. Furthermore, as rural residents' demands for quality of life continue to rise, the conflict between this demand and energy conservation and emission reduction is becoming increasingly acute, posing an even more severe challenge to rural housing, which is already lagging behind urban development. For houses, the exterior wall area typically accounts for about 60% of the building envelope area, and heat loss through these walls in rural houses generally accounts for about 40% of the total heat loss during the operation and maintenance phase. Therefore, effectively improving the thermal insulation performance of rural house exterior walls is a crucial measure to enhance indoor comfort in winter and reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions.

[0004] Currently, many building structure systems commonly used in rural housing in frigid regions still have shortcomings in terms of green and low-carbon performance. For example, the self-insulating performance of brick-concrete systems is far from meeting the insulation requirements of frigid regions; the structural performance redundancy of shear wall systems when applied to low-rise residential buildings results in the waste of some resources; the heat storage performance of organic insulation materials widely used in rural exterior walls is generally low and the overall thermal inertia is insufficient, limiting their ability to maintain a constant indoor temperature in residential buildings solely through the wall's own performance adjustment during building operation and maintenance; and the non-integrated design of the main structure and enclosure structure during construction all contribute to unnecessary resource consumption and carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of rural housing. Therefore, it is essential to propose a new type of masonry block for rural housing that is suitable for the climatic conditions of frigid regions, possesses a certain degree of "self-regulation" capability, and integrates insulation and structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of insufficient heat storage capacity and low thermal inertia of existing rural houses in frigid regions, this invention proposes a breathable green heat-storing and insulating block that integrates insulation and structure. This enhances the thermal stability of the wall, improves the connection performance between blocks, and simplifies the wall construction process, thereby improving both the thermal and structural performance of the wall. Vertical tenons and grooves are provided on both sides of the inner and outer phase change insulation mortar layers of the block structure, as well as protrusions (13) and pits at the top and bottom, and steel strands (7) are provided. This enables the structure to achieve simple horizontal and vertical connection of the blocks and is accompanied by simple construction operations, reducing the amount of wet work in the masonry project. While using phase change materials in the structural layer, airflow circulation channels are opened in the block, so that the block can absorb and store the heat of the circulating hot air inside the block when the daytime temperature is high in winter, and release the heat to the room when the outside temperature drops at night. This achieves the goal of reducing the energy consumption and carbon emissions of house heating and promoting the development of masonry structure rural houses in frigid regions.

[0006] The present invention is a breathable green thermal insulation and heat storage block that integrates thermal insulation and structure. It is composed of a middle block, a top block and a bottom block. The middle block, the top block and the bottom block are all composed of an outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1), an inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2), an inner insulation layer (3) and an outer insulation layer (4).

[0007] The inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) has vertical tenons and grooves on both sides. The outer surface of the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) has two rows of first dovetail tenons (6). Multiple first dovetail tenons (6) in each row form a dovetail tenon strip, and steel strands (7) are installed inside the dovetail tenon strip. The outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) has vertical tenons and grooves on both sides. The inner surface of the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) has two rows of second dovetail tenons (10). Multiple second dovetail tenons (10) in each row form a dovetail tenon strip, and steel strands (7) are installed inside the dovetail tenon strip. The outer surface of the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) has two rows of third dovetail tenons (11). Multiple third dovetail tenons (11) in each row form a dovetail tenon strip. The inner surface of the inner insulation layer (3) has two horizontal first dovetail grooves. (8) The outer surface of the inner insulation layer (3) is provided with two horizontal second dovetail grooves (9); the inner surface of the outer insulation layer (4) is provided with two horizontal third dovetail grooves (12); the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1), the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) and the outer insulation layer (4) have the same width, the width of the inner insulation layer (3) is smaller than that of the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1), the two sides of the inner insulation layer (3), the outer surface of the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) and the inner surface of the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) form a joint pouring cavity (39); a row of square protrusions (5) are provided on both sides of the outer surface of the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) and on both sides of the inner surface of the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1). When phase change concrete is poured into the joint of adjacent blocks, the square protrusions (5) can increase the connection strength between the blocks and the phase change concrete.

[0008] In the middle block: the upper end face of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with multiple protrusions (13), the lower end face of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with multiple pits symmetrical to the protrusions (13), the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with several vertical channels (14), the two ends of the channels (14) are respectively located at the center of the protrusions (13) and the center of the pits; the upper end face of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with multiple protrusions (13), the lower end face of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with multiple pits symmetrical to the protrusions (13), the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with several vertical channels (14), the two ends of the channels (14) are respectively located at the center of the protrusions (13) and the center of the pits;

[0009] In the top block: the upper part of the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with a row of horizontal through holes (16) and a row of ventilation holes (17), the first ventilation holes (17) are located below the first horizontal through holes (16), the lower end face of the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with multiple pits, and several vertical channels (14) are provided in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2), the lower end of the vertical channels (14) is open and located in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2). At the center of the pit on the lower end face of the mortar layer (2), the first top ventilation hole (17) is a blind hole. One open end of the first top ventilation hole (17) is located on the inner surface of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2), and the other end of the first top ventilation hole (17) is connected to the upper end of the vertical channel (14) located inside the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2). The upper part of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with a row of horizontally penetrating second top horizontal through holes (20) and a row of second top ventilation holes (21). The second top ventilation hole (21) is located below the second top horizontal through hole (20). The lower end face of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with multiple pits. Several vertical channels (14) are provided inside the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1). The lower end of the vertical channel (14) is open and located in the center of the pit on the lower end face of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1). The second top ventilation hole (21) is a blind hole. One end of the open end of the second top ventilation hole (21) is located in the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer. (1) The other end of the second top ventilation hole (21) is connected to the upper end of the vertical channel (14) set inside the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1); the upper part of the inner insulation layer (3) is provided with a third top horizontal through hole (22) that runs horizontally through; the upper part of the outer insulation layer (4) is provided with a row of fourth top horizontal through holes (18) that runs horizontally through and a row of fourth top ventilation holes (19), and the fourth top ventilation holes (19) are set below the fourth top horizontal through holes (18);

[0010] In the bottom block: the lower part of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with a row of horizontal through holes (26) and a row of ventilation holes (27). The first horizontal through holes (26) are located below the first ventilation holes (27). The upper surface of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with multiple protrusions (13). The inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with several vertical channels (14). The upper end of the vertical channels (14) is open. At the center of the protrusion (13) on the upper end face of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2), the first bottom vent (27) is a blind hole. One open end of the first bottom vent (27) is located on the outer surface of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2), and the other end of the first bottom vent (27) is connected to the lower end of the vertical channel (14) located inside the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2). A row of horizontally penetrating second bottom horizontal through holes (28) is provided at the lower part of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1). A second bottom ventilation hole (29) is provided, and a second bottom horizontal through hole (28) is provided below the second bottom ventilation hole (29). Multiple protrusions (13) are provided on the upper surface of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1). Several vertical channels (14) are provided inside the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1). The upper end of the vertical channel (14) is open and located at the center of the protrusion (13) on the upper surface of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1). The second bottom ventilation hole (29) is a blind hole. One end of the ventilation hole (29) is set on the inner surface of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1), and the other end of the second bottom ventilation hole (29) is connected to the lower end of the vertical channel (14) set inside the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1); the lower part of the inner insulation layer (3) is provided with a horizontally penetrating third bottom horizontal through hole (30) and a horizontally penetrating third bottom ventilation hole (31); the lower part of the outer insulation layer (4) is provided with a row of horizontally penetrating fourth bottom horizontal through holes (34).

[0011] The top block is provided with a first ventilation pipe (23) and a second ventilation pipe (24). The first ventilation pipe (23) is located in the first top horizontal through hole (16), the third top horizontal through hole (22), the second top horizontal through hole (20), and the fourth top horizontal through hole (18). One end of the second ventilation pipe (24) is located in the second top ventilation hole (21), and the other end of the second ventilation pipe (24) is located in the fourth top ventilation hole (19).

[0012] A third ventilation pipe (32) and a fourth ventilation pipe (33) are provided in the bottom block. The third ventilation pipe (32) is located in the first bottom horizontal through hole (26), the third bottom horizontal through hole (30), the second bottom horizontal through hole (28), and the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34). One end of the fourth ventilation pipe (33) passes through the third bottom ventilation hole (31) and is located in the first bottom ventilation hole (27) at the bottom of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2). The other end of the fourth ventilation pipe (33) is located in the second bottom ventilation hole (29) of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1).

[0013] Vertical fifth ventilation pipes (35) are provided on both sides of the inner insulation layer (3) in the middle block, top block and bottom block. The fifth ventilation pipes (35) are porous pipes. Horizontal sixth ventilation pipes (36) are provided on both sides of the inner insulation layer (3) in the bottom block. The middle part of the sixth ventilation pipe (36) is connected to the lower end of the fifth ventilation pipe (35). One end of the sixth ventilation pipe (36) is located in the first bottom ventilation hole (27), and the other end of the sixth ventilation pipe (36) is located in the second bottom ventilation hole (29). Horizontal seventh ventilation pipes (37) are provided on both sides of the top block. One end of the seventh ventilation pipe (37) is connected to the upper end of the fifth ventilation pipe (35), and the other end of the seventh ventilation pipe (37) is located in the fourth top ventilation hole (19).

[0014] The middle blocks, top blocks, and bottom blocks are used to construct a block wall. A row of top blocks is placed at the very top of the block wall, and a row of bottom blocks is placed at the very bottom. Multiple rows of middle blocks are placed between the top and bottom blocks. Phase-change concrete is poured into the joint casting cavity (39). The ends of the steel strands (7) in adjacent top blocks overlap, and longitudinal reinforcing bars (38) are placed inside the rings. The interior is equipped with longitudinal steel bars (38); the vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) of the top block, the vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) of the middle block and the vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) of the bottom block are connected; the vertical channels (14) in the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) of the top block, the vertical channels (14) in the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) of the middle block and the vertical channels (14) in the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) of the bottom block are connected.

[0015] The method of using breathable green thermal insulation and heat storage blocks that integrate insulation and structure to construct block walls, and using the block walls for heat storage and exchange, is carried out according to the following steps:

[0016] In summer, the first top horizontal through-hole (16), the fourth top horizontal through-hole (18), and the first ventilation pipe (23) are opened, and the first bottom horizontal through-hole (26), the fourth bottom horizontal through-hole (34), and the third ventilation pipe (32) are opened. The first top ventilation hole (17) and the fourth top ventilation hole (19) are closed using pipe plugs (25). According to the chimney effect principle, when the wind speed on the outdoor side of the top block is high, the pressure at the outer port of the fourth top horizontal through-hole (18) decreases. At this time, the indoor air pressure is greater than the outdoor air pressure. According to the thermal pressure ventilation principle, the hot air at the top of the room passes through the first top horizontal through-hole (16) and the fourth top horizontal through-hole (23). 18) and the first ventilation pipe (23) rush into the outside. At this time, due to the outflow of hot air from the room, the air pressure at the top of the room decreases. According to the principle of thermal pressure ventilation, the hot air in the lower part of the room flows to the top of the room and rushes into the outside through the first top horizontal through hole (16), the fourth top horizontal through hole (18) and the first ventilation pipe (23). At this time, due to the upward movement of hot air from the room, the air pressure at the bottom of the room decreases. The outdoor air pressure is greater than the indoor air pressure at the bottom of the room. The cool air from the outside will rush into the room through the first bottom horizontal through hole (26), the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34) and the third ventilation pipe (32) to achieve indoor and outdoor air circulation in summer.

[0017] During the winter daytime, a sunroom is set up on the outside of the block wall. The first top horizontal through hole (16) and the fourth top horizontal through hole (18) are sealed by pipe plugs (25), while the first bottom horizontal through hole (26), the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34), the first top ventilation hole (17), and the fourth top ventilation hole (19) are left open. At this time, the outdoor sunlight shines on the sunroom, and the temperature of the gas in the sunroom rises after being heated. The rising hot air increases the gas pressure at the top of the sunroom. According to the principle of thermal pressure ventilation, the hot air in the sunroom enters the fourth top ventilation hole (19) of the top block and passes through the second ventilation pipe (24), the vertical channel (14) in the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) of the top block, and the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) of the middle block in sequence. Vertical channels (14) in the warm mortar layer (1), vertical channels (14) in the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) in the bottom block, fourth ventilation pipe (33), first bottom ventilation hole (27), vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) in the bottom block, vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) in the middle block, vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) in the top block, and first top ventilation hole (17) enter the room. At the same time, the hot air in the sunroom enters the fourth top ventilation hole (19) of the top block and passes through the seventh ventilation pipe (37), fifth ventilation pipe (35), sixth ventilation pipe (36), and first bottom ventilation hole (27) in sequence. 7) Vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) of the bottom block, vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) of the middle block, vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) of the top block, and the first top ventilation hole (17) enter the room, realizing the circulation of hot air in the block. The hot air exchanges heat with the phase change concrete in the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1), the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2), and the joint pouring cavity (39), storing the heat in the phase change concrete in the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1), the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2), and the joint pouring cavity (39). After the hot air enters the room, the air pressure in the upper space of the room increases, and the cold air in the room moves towards The airflow at the bottom of the room causes the air pressure at the bottom of the room to rise. The cold air in the room flows into the outdoor sunroom through the first bottom horizontal through hole (26), the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34) and the third ventilation pipe (32). After being heated by the sunlight, it rises again and circulates into the block wall. At night in winter, the first top horizontal through hole (16), the fourth top horizontal through hole (18), the first bottom horizontal through hole (26), the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34), the first top ventilation hole (17) and the fourth top ventilation hole (19) are sealed by the pipe plug (25). The heat stored in the phase change insulation mortar layer (1) on the outside, the phase change insulation mortar layer (2) on the inside and the joint pouring cavity (39) in the phase change concrete is released into the room to achieve indoor heating.

[0018] The principle and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0019] The invention relates to a breathable green thermal insulation and heat storage block wall composed of integrated thermal insulation and structural components. The block wall is designed based on the principle of thermal pressure ventilation and the heat storage performance of the material. It is equipped with an airflow surrounding phase change layer, which has heat storage function while also having good thermal insulation and thermal inertia, and has certain structural stress performance. Compared to traditional insulated blocks, the insulated blocks of this invention not only have high thermal insulation performance but also further improve the heat storage capacity and thermal inertia of the blocks themselves, thereby enhancing the thermal stability of the wall. Pre-embedded steel strands improve the connection performance between blocks and simplify the construction process. The mortise and tenon structure in the mortar layer effectively enhances the connection strength between the mortar layer (structural layer) and the insulation layer, reducing the amount of construction work during block laying. It overcomes the shortcomings of traditional masonry walls, which have mortar joints in both the horizontal and vertical directions, leading to heat loss, thus reducing wet work and contributing to green construction. The innovation of this invention lies in setting up airflow channels inside the blocks, while utilizing the characteristics of phase change materials to give the blocks thermal insulation, heat storage, and thermal inertia, improving the thermal stability of the wall. It also features removable end caps, giving the block wall a "breathing" ability to improve its adaptability to different environmental conditions, reducing winter heating energy consumption and summer cooling energy consumption, and lowering carbon emissions during operation and maintenance. The thermal insulation blocks of this invention are of great significance for promoting the development of masonry structures in rural housing and for their application in severely cold or cold regions. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the central block;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the top block;

[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Inner view of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2);

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 2 An inverted view;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the bottom block;

[0025] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Inner view of the middle and outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1);

[0026] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the overlapping of the circular loops at the ends of adjacent steel strands (7);

[0027] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the joint casting cavity (39). Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, but also includes any reasonable combination of the specific embodiments.

[0029] Specific implementation method one: The breathing green heat-insulating and heat-storing block of this implementation method is composed of a middle block, a top block and a bottom block; the middle block, the top block and the bottom block are all composed of an outer phase change heat-insulating mortar layer (1), an inner phase change heat-insulating mortar layer (2), an inner heat-insulating layer (3) and an outer heat-insulating layer (4);

[0030] The inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) has vertical tenons and grooves on both sides. The outer surface of the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) has two rows of first dovetail tenons (6). Multiple first dovetail tenons (6) in each row form a dovetail tenon strip. Steel strands (7) are installed inside the dovetail tenon strip. The outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) has vertical tenons and grooves on both sides. The inner surface of the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) has two rows of second dovetail tenons (10). Multiple second dovetail tenons (10) in each row form a dovetail tenon strip. Steel strands (7) are installed inside the dovetail tenon strip. The outer surface of the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) has two rows of third dovetail tenons (11). Multiple third dovetail tenons (11) in each row form a dovetail tenon strip. The inner surface of the inner insulation layer (3) has two horizontal first dovetail tenons. The groove (8) has two horizontal second dovetail grooves (9) on the outer surface of the inner insulation layer (3); the outer insulation layer (4) has two horizontal third dovetail grooves (12) on the inner surface; the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1), the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) and the outer insulation layer (4) have the same width, the inner insulation layer (3) has a smaller width than the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1), the two sides of the inner insulation layer (3), the outer surface of the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) and the inner surface of the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) form a joint pouring cavity (39); a row of square protrusions (5) are respectively provided on both sides of the outer surface of the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) and on both sides of the inner surface of the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1). When phase change concrete is poured into the joint of adjacent blocks, the square protrusions (5) can increase the connection strength between the blocks and the concrete.

[0031] In the middle block: the upper end face of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with multiple protrusions (13), the lower end face of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with multiple pits symmetrical to the protrusions (13), the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with several vertical channels (14), the two ends of the channels (14) are respectively located at the center of the protrusions (13) and the center of the pits; the upper end face of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with multiple protrusions (13), the lower end face of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with multiple pits symmetrical to the protrusions (13), the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with several vertical channels (14), the two ends of the channels (14) are respectively located at the center of the protrusions (13) and the center of the pits;

[0032] In the top block: the upper part of the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with a row of horizontal through holes (16) and a row of ventilation holes (17), the first ventilation holes (17) are located below the first horizontal through holes (16), the lower end face of the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with multiple pits, and several vertical channels (14) are provided in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2), the lower end of the vertical channels (14) is open and located in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2). At the center of the pit on the lower end face of the mortar layer (2), the first top ventilation hole (17) is a blind hole. One open end of the first top ventilation hole (17) is located on the inner surface of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2), and the other end of the first top ventilation hole (17) is connected to the upper end of the vertical channel (14) located inside the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2). The upper part of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with a row of horizontally penetrating second top horizontal through holes (20) and a row of second top ventilation holes (21). The second top ventilation hole (21) is located below the second top horizontal through hole (20). The lower end face of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with multiple pits. Several vertical channels (14) are provided inside the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1). The lower end of the vertical channel (14) is open and located in the center of the pit on the lower end face of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1). The second top ventilation hole (21) is a blind hole. One end of the open end of the second top ventilation hole (21) is located in the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer. (1) The other end of the second top ventilation hole (21) is connected to the upper end of the vertical channel (14) set inside the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1); the upper part of the inner insulation layer (3) is provided with a third top horizontal through hole (22) that runs horizontally through; the upper part of the outer insulation layer (4) is provided with a row of fourth top horizontal through holes (18) that runs horizontally through and a row of fourth top ventilation holes (19), and the fourth top ventilation holes (19) are set below the fourth top horizontal through holes (18);

[0033] In the bottom block: the lower part of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with a row of horizontal through holes (26) and a row of ventilation holes (27). The first horizontal through holes (26) are located below the first ventilation holes (27). The upper surface of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with multiple protrusions (13). The inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with several vertical channels (14). The upper end of the vertical channels (14) is open. At the center of the protrusion (13) on the upper end face of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2), the first bottom vent (27) is a blind hole. One open end of the first bottom vent (27) is located on the outer surface of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2), and the other end of the first bottom vent (27) is connected to the lower end of the vertical channel (14) located inside the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2). A row of horizontally penetrating second bottom horizontal through holes (28) is provided at the lower part of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1). A second bottom ventilation hole (29) is provided, and a second bottom horizontal through hole (28) is provided below the second bottom ventilation hole (29). Multiple protrusions (13) are provided on the upper surface of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1). Several vertical channels (14) are provided inside the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1). The upper end of the vertical channel (14) is open and located at the center of the protrusion (13) on the upper surface of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1). The second bottom ventilation hole (29) is a blind hole. One end of the ventilation hole (29) is set on the inner surface of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1), and the other end of the second bottom ventilation hole (29) is connected to the lower end of the vertical channel (14) set inside the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1); the lower part of the inner insulation layer (3) is provided with a horizontally penetrating third bottom horizontal through hole (30) and a horizontally penetrating third bottom ventilation hole (31); the lower part of the outer insulation layer (4) is provided with a row of horizontally penetrating fourth bottom horizontal through holes (34).

[0034] The top block is provided with a first ventilation pipe (23) and a second ventilation pipe (24). The first ventilation pipe (23) is located in the first top horizontal through hole (16), the third top horizontal through hole (22), the second top horizontal through hole (20), and the fourth top horizontal through hole (18). One end of the second ventilation pipe (24) is located in the second top ventilation hole (21), and the other end of the second ventilation pipe (24) is located in the fourth top ventilation hole (19).

[0035] A third ventilation pipe (32) and a fourth ventilation pipe (33) are provided in the bottom block. The third ventilation pipe (32) is located in the first bottom horizontal through hole (26), the third bottom horizontal through hole (30), the second bottom horizontal through hole (28), and the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34). One end of the fourth ventilation pipe (33) passes through the third bottom ventilation hole (31) and is located in the first bottom ventilation hole (27) at the bottom of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2). The other end of the fourth ventilation pipe (33) is located in the second bottom ventilation hole (29) of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1).

[0036] Vertical fifth ventilation pipes (35) are provided on both sides of the inner insulation layer (3) in the middle block, top block and bottom block. The fifth ventilation pipes (35) are porous pipes. Horizontal sixth ventilation pipes (36) are provided on both sides of the inner insulation layer (3) in the bottom block. The middle part of the sixth ventilation pipe (36) is connected to the lower end of the fifth ventilation pipe (35). One end of the sixth ventilation pipe (36) is located in the first bottom ventilation hole (27), and the other end of the sixth ventilation pipe (36) is located in the second bottom ventilation hole (29). Horizontal seventh ventilation pipes (37) are provided on both sides of the top block. One end of the seventh ventilation pipe (37) is connected to the upper end of the fifth ventilation pipe (35), and the other end of the seventh ventilation pipe (37) is located in the fourth top ventilation hole (19).

[0037] The middle blocks, top blocks, and bottom blocks are used to construct a block wall. A row of top blocks is placed at the very top of the block wall, and a row of bottom blocks is placed at the very bottom. Multiple rows of middle blocks are placed between the top and bottom blocks. Phase-change concrete is poured into the joint casting cavity (39). The ends of the steel strands (7) in adjacent top blocks overlap, and longitudinal reinforcing bars (38) are placed inside the rings. The interior is equipped with longitudinal steel bars (38); the vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) of the top block, the vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) of the middle block and the vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) of the bottom block are connected; the vertical channels (14) in the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) of the top block, the vertical channels (14) in the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) of the middle block and the vertical channels (14) in the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) of the bottom block are connected.

[0038] This embodiment has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] The block wall constructed by the breathable green thermal insulation and heat storage block in this embodiment is designed based on the principle of thermal pressure ventilation and the heat storage performance of the material. It is equipped with an airflow surrounding phase change layer, which has heat storage function while also having good thermal insulation and thermal inertia, and has certain structural stress performance. Compared to traditional insulated blocks, the insulated blocks in this embodiment not only have higher thermal insulation performance but also further improve the heat storage capacity and thermal inertia of the blocks themselves, thereby enhancing the thermal stability of the wall. Pre-embedded steel strands improve the connection performance between blocks and simplify the construction process. The mortise and tenon structure in the mortar layer effectively enhances the connection strength between the mortar layer (structural layer) and the insulation layer, reducing the amount of construction work during block laying. This addresses the shortcomings of traditional masonry walls, which have mortar joints in both the horizontal and vertical directions, leading to heat loss. It also reduces wet work and contributes to green construction. The innovative design of this embodiment incorporates airflow channels inside the blocks and utilizes the properties of phase change materials to give the blocks thermal insulation, heat storage, and thermal inertia, improving the thermal stability of the wall. It also features removable end caps, giving the block wall a "breathing" capacity, enhancing its adaptability to different environmental conditions, reducing winter heating energy consumption and summer cooling energy consumption, and lowering carbon emissions during operation and maintenance. The thermal insulation blocks described in this embodiment are of great significance for promoting the development of masonry structures in rural housing and their application in severely cold or cold regions.

[0040] Specific Implementation Method Two: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Method One in that the two ends of the steel strand (7) are circular rings, and the circular rings at both ends are set on the outside of the dovetail tenon. The steel strand (7) and the longitudinal reinforcement (38) together provide the bending and torsional bearing capacity of the block wall. When the blocks are laid, the circular rings on the left and right sides are overlapped and the longitudinal reinforcement is inserted, and then phase change concrete is poured, which makes the masonry wall construction simple, reduces the amount of wet work compared with ordinary masonry walls, and has good working strength.

[0041] Specific implementation method three: This implementation method differs from specific implementation method one or two in that: the outer surface of the outer insulation layer (4) is sprayed with black paint.

[0042] Specific implementation method four: This implementation method differs from specific implementation methods one to three in that: the first dovetail tenon (6) is set in the first dovetail groove (8), the second dovetail tenon (10) is set in the second dovetail groove (9), and the third dovetail tenon (11) is set in the third dovetail groove (12).

[0043] Specific implementation method five: This implementation method differs from specific implementation methods one to four in that: a stop bar (15) is provided in the first dovetail groove (8), the second dovetail groove (9) and the third dovetail groove (12). The stop bar (15) is provided in the gap between adjacent first dovetail tenons (6), the gap between adjacent second dovetail tenons (10) and the gap between adjacent third dovetail tenons (11).

[0044] Specific implementation method six: This implementation method differs from one of the specific implementation methods one to five in that the inner insulation layer (3) and the outer insulation layer (4) are extruded polystyrene boards.

[0045] Specific implementation method seven: This implementation method differs from one of the specific implementation methods one to six in that: a pipe plug (25) is provided on the inner side of the first bottom horizontal through hole (26); a pipe plug (25) is provided on the outer side of the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34).

[0046] Specific implementation method eight: This implementation method differs from specific implementation methods one to seven in that: a pipe plug (25) is provided on the outside of the fourth top horizontal through hole (18) and the outside of the fourth top ventilation hole (19); a pipe plug (25) is provided on the inside of the first top horizontal through hole (16) and the inside of the first top ventilation hole (17).

[0047] Specific Implementation Method Nine: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One through Eight in that: gaskets are provided between vertically adjacent vertical channels (14). The gaskets ensure good airtightness of the channels when the blocks are connected.

[0048] Specific Implementation Method Ten: This implementation method utilizes breathable green thermal insulation and heat storage blocks that integrate insulation and structure to construct a block wall, and uses the block wall for heat storage and exchange, following these steps:

[0049] In summer, the first top horizontal through-hole (16), the fourth top horizontal through-hole (18), and the first ventilation pipe (23) are opened, and the first bottom horizontal through-hole (26), the fourth bottom horizontal through-hole (34), and the third ventilation pipe (32) are opened. The first top ventilation hole (17) and the fourth top ventilation hole (19) are closed using pipe plugs (25). According to the chimney effect principle, when the wind speed on the outdoor side of the top block is high, the pressure at the outer port of the fourth top horizontal through-hole (18) decreases. At this time, the indoor air pressure is greater than the outdoor air pressure. According to the thermal pressure ventilation principle, the hot air at the top of the room passes through the first top horizontal through-hole (16) and the fourth top horizontal through-hole (23). 18) and the first ventilation pipe (23) rush into the outside. At this time, due to the outflow of hot air from the room, the air pressure at the top of the room decreases. According to the principle of thermal pressure ventilation, the hot air in the lower part of the room flows to the top of the room and rushes into the outside through the first top horizontal through hole (16), the fourth top horizontal through hole (18) and the first ventilation pipe (23). At this time, due to the upward movement of hot air from the room, the air pressure at the bottom of the room decreases. The outdoor air pressure is greater than the indoor air pressure at the bottom of the room. The cool air from the outside will rush into the room through the first bottom horizontal through hole (26), the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34) and the third ventilation pipe (32) to achieve indoor and outdoor air circulation in summer.

[0050] During the winter daytime, a sunroom is set up on the outside of the block wall. The first top horizontal through hole (16) and the fourth top horizontal through hole (18) are sealed by pipe plugs (25), while the first bottom horizontal through hole (26), the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34), the first top ventilation hole (17), and the fourth top ventilation hole (19) are left open. At this time, the outdoor sunlight shines on the sunroom, and the temperature of the gas in the sunroom rises after being heated. The rising hot air increases the gas pressure at the top of the sunroom. According to the principle of thermal pressure ventilation, the hot air in the sunroom enters the fourth top ventilation hole (19) of the top block and passes through the second ventilation pipe (24), the vertical channel (14) in the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) of the top block, and the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) of the middle block in sequence. Vertical channels (14) in the warm mortar layer (1), vertical channels (14) in the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) in the bottom block, fourth ventilation pipe (33), first bottom ventilation hole (27), vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) in the bottom block, vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) in the middle block, vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) in the top block, and first top ventilation hole (17) enter the room. At the same time, the hot air in the sunroom enters the fourth top ventilation hole (19) of the top block and passes through the seventh ventilation pipe (37), fifth ventilation pipe (35), sixth ventilation pipe (36), and first bottom ventilation hole (27) in sequence. 7) Vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) of the bottom block, vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) of the middle block, vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) of the top block, and the first top ventilation hole (17) enter the room, realizing the circulation of hot air in the block. The hot air exchanges heat with the phase change concrete in the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1), the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2), and the joint pouring cavity (39), storing the heat in the phase change concrete in the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1), the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2), and the joint pouring cavity (39). After the hot air enters the room, the air pressure in the upper space of the room increases, and the cold air in the room moves towards The airflow at the bottom of the room causes the air pressure at the bottom of the room to rise. The cold air in the room flows into the outdoor sunroom through the first bottom horizontal through hole (26), the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34) and the third ventilation pipe (32). After being heated by the sunlight, it rises again and circulates into the block wall. At night in winter, the first top horizontal through hole (16), the fourth top horizontal through hole (18), the first bottom horizontal through hole (26), the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34), the first top ventilation hole (17) and the fourth top ventilation hole (19) are sealed by the pipe plug (25). The heat stored in the phase change insulation mortar layer (1) on the outside, the phase change insulation mortar layer (2) on the inside and the joint pouring cavity (39) in the phase change concrete is released into the room to achieve indoor heating.

[0051] The block wall constructed by the breathable green thermal insulation and heat storage block in this embodiment is designed based on the principle of thermal pressure ventilation and the heat storage performance of the material. It is equipped with an airflow surrounding phase change layer, which has heat storage function while also having good thermal insulation and thermal inertia, and has certain structural stress performance. Compared to traditional insulated blocks, the insulated blocks in this embodiment not only have higher thermal insulation performance but also further improve the heat storage capacity and thermal inertia of the blocks themselves, thereby enhancing the thermal stability of the wall. Pre-embedded steel strands improve the connection performance between blocks and simplify the construction process. The mortise and tenon structure in the mortar layer effectively enhances the connection strength between the mortar layer (structural layer) and the insulation layer, reducing the amount of construction work during block laying. This addresses the shortcomings of traditional masonry walls, which have mortar joints in both the horizontal and vertical directions, leading to heat loss. It also reduces wet work and contributes to green construction. The innovative design of this embodiment incorporates airflow channels inside the blocks and utilizes the properties of phase change materials to give the blocks thermal insulation, heat storage, and thermal inertia, improving the thermal stability of the wall. It also features removable end caps, giving the block wall a "breathing" capacity, enhancing its adaptability to different environmental conditions, reducing winter heating energy consumption and summer cooling energy consumption, and lowering carbon emissions during operation and maintenance. The thermal insulation blocks described in this embodiment are of great significance for promoting the development of masonry structures in rural housing and their application in severely cold or cold regions.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] Combination Figures 1 to 8 This embodiment describes a breathable green thermal insulation and heat storage block that integrates insulation and structure. It consists of a middle block, a top block, and a bottom block. The middle block, top block, and bottom block are all composed of an outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1), an inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2), an inner insulation layer (3), and an outer insulation layer (4).

[0054] The inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) has vertical tenons and grooves on both sides. The outer surface of the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) has two rows of first dovetail tenons (6). Multiple first dovetail tenons (6) in each row form a dovetail tenon strip, and steel strands (7) are installed inside the dovetail tenon strip. The outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) has vertical tenons and grooves on both sides. The inner surface of the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) has two rows of second dovetail tenons (10). Multiple second dovetail tenons (10) in each row form a dovetail tenon strip, and steel strands (7) are installed inside the dovetail tenon strip. The outer surface of the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) has two rows of third dovetail tenons (11). Multiple third dovetail tenons (11) in each row form a dovetail tenon strip. The inner surface of the inner insulation layer (3) has two horizontal first dovetail grooves. (8) The outer surface of the inner insulation layer (3) is provided with two horizontal second dovetail grooves (9); the inner surface of the outer insulation layer (4) is provided with two horizontal third dovetail grooves (12); the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1), the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) and the outer insulation layer (4) have the same width, the width of the inner insulation layer (3) is smaller than that of the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1), the two sides of the inner insulation layer (3), the outer surface of the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) and the inner surface of the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) form a joint pouring cavity (39); a row of square protrusions (5) are provided on both sides of the outer surface of the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) and on both sides of the inner surface of the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1). When phase change concrete is poured into the joint of adjacent blocks, the square protrusions (5) can increase the connection strength between the blocks and the phase change concrete.

[0055] The steel strand (7) has two circular rings at both ends, and the circular rings at both ends are set on the outside of the dovetail tenon. The steel strand (7) and the longitudinal steel bar (38) together provide the bending and torsional bearing capacity of the block wall. When the block is built, the circular rings on the left and right sides are overlapped and the longitudinal steel bar is inserted. Then the phase change concrete is poured, which makes the masonry wall easy to build. The amount of wet work is reduced compared with ordinary masonry walls, while having good working strength. The outer surface of the outer insulation layer (4) is coated with black paint; the first dovetail tenon (6) is set in the first dovetail groove (8), the second dovetail tenon (10) is set in the second dovetail groove (9), and the third dovetail tenon (11) is set in the third dovetail groove (12); the first dovetail groove (8), the second dovetail groove (9) and the third dovetail groove (12) are all provided with baffles (15), and the baffles (15) are set in the gaps between adjacent first dovetail tenons (6), between adjacent second dovetail tenons (10) and between adjacent third dovetail tenons (11); the inner insulation layer (3) and the outer insulation layer (4) are extruded polystyrene boards;

[0056] In the middle block: the upper end face of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with multiple protrusions (13), the lower end face of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with multiple pits symmetrical to the protrusions (13), the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with several vertical channels (14), the two ends of the channels (14) are respectively located at the center of the protrusions (13) and the center of the pits; the upper end face of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with multiple protrusions (13), the lower end face of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with multiple pits symmetrical to the protrusions (13), the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with several vertical channels (14), the two ends of the channels (14) are respectively located at the center of the protrusions (13) and the center of the pits;

[0057] In the top block: the upper part of the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with a row of horizontal through holes (16) and a row of ventilation holes (17), the first ventilation holes (17) are located below the first horizontal through holes (16), the lower end face of the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with multiple pits, and several vertical channels (14) are provided in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2), the lower end of the vertical channels (14) is open and located in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2). At the center of the pit on the lower end face of the mortar layer (2), the first top ventilation hole (17) is a blind hole. One open end of the first top ventilation hole (17) is located on the inner surface of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2), and the other end of the first top ventilation hole (17) is connected to the upper end of the vertical channel (14) located inside the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2). The upper part of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with a row of horizontally penetrating second top horizontal through holes (20) and a row of second top ventilation holes (21). The second top ventilation hole (21) is located below the second top horizontal through hole (20). The lower end face of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with multiple pits. Several vertical channels (14) are provided inside the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1). The lower end of the vertical channel (14) is open and located in the center of the pit on the lower end face of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1). The second top ventilation hole (21) is a blind hole. One end of the open end of the second top ventilation hole (21) is located in the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer. (1) The other end of the second top ventilation hole (21) is connected to the upper end of the vertical channel (14) set inside the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1); the upper part of the inner insulation layer (3) is provided with a third top horizontal through hole (22) that runs horizontally through; the upper part of the outer insulation layer (4) is provided with a row of fourth top horizontal through holes (18) that runs horizontally through and a row of fourth top ventilation holes (19), and the fourth top ventilation holes (19) are set below the fourth top horizontal through holes (18);

[0058] In the bottom block: the lower part of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with a row of horizontally penetrating first bottom horizontal through holes (26) and a row of first bottom ventilation holes (27). The first bottom horizontal through holes (26) are located below the first bottom ventilation holes (27). The upper end face of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with multiple protrusions (13). The inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with several vertical channels (14). The upper end of the vertical channels (14) is open and located at the center of the protrusions (13) on the upper end face of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2). The first bottom ventilation holes (27) is a blind hole. One open end of the first bottom ventilation hole (27) is set on the outer surface of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2). The other end of the first bottom ventilation hole (27) is connected to the lower end of the vertical channel (14) set inside the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2). The lower part of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with a row of horizontally penetrating second bottom through holes (28) and a row of second bottom ventilation holes (29). The second bottom horizontal through holes (28) are set below the second bottom ventilation holes (29). The upper surface of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with multiple protrusions. Block (13), several vertical channels (14) are provided inside the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1). The upper end of the vertical channel (14) is open and located at the center of the protrusion (13) on the upper end face of the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1). The second bottom ventilation hole (29) is a blind hole. One end of the opening of the second bottom ventilation hole (29) is located on the inner surface of the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1), and the other end of the second bottom ventilation hole (29) is connected to the lower end of the vertical channel (14) located inside the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1). The lower part of the inner insulation layer (3) is provided with a horizontally penetrating channel. A third bottom horizontal through hole (30) and a third bottom ventilation hole (31) that runs horizontally through the outside insulation layer (4) are provided at the bottom of the outer insulation layer (4); a fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34) that runs horizontally through the outside is provided at the bottom of the first bottom horizontal through hole (26); a pipe plug (25) is provided on the inside of the first bottom horizontal through hole (26); a pipe plug (25) is provided on the outside of the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34); a pipe plug (25) is provided on the outside of the fourth top horizontal through hole (18) and the outside of the fourth top ventilation hole (19); a pipe plug (25) is provided on the inside of the first top horizontal through hole (16) and the inside of the first top ventilation hole (17);

[0059] The top block is provided with a first ventilation pipe (23) and a second ventilation pipe (24). The first ventilation pipe (23) is located in the first top horizontal through hole (16), the third top horizontal through hole (22), the second top horizontal through hole (20), and the fourth top horizontal through hole (18). One end of the second ventilation pipe (24) is located in the second top ventilation hole (21), and the other end of the second ventilation pipe (24) is located in the fourth top ventilation hole (19).

[0060] A third ventilation pipe (32) and a fourth ventilation pipe (33) are provided in the bottom block. The third ventilation pipe (32) is located in the first bottom horizontal through hole (26), the third bottom horizontal through hole (30), the second bottom horizontal through hole (28), and the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34). One end of the fourth ventilation pipe (33) passes through the third bottom ventilation hole (31) and is located in the first bottom ventilation hole (27) at the bottom of the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2). The other end of the fourth ventilation pipe (33) is located in the second bottom ventilation hole (29) of the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1). Vertical ventilation pipes are provided on both sides of the inner insulation layer (3) in the middle block, the top block, and the bottom block. The fifth ventilation pipe (35) is a porous pipe. The inner insulation layer (3) of the bottom block is provided with a horizontal sixth ventilation pipe (36) on both sides. The middle part of the sixth ventilation pipe (36) is connected to the lower end of the fifth ventilation pipe (35). One end of the sixth ventilation pipe (36) is set in the first bottom ventilation hole (27), and the other end of the sixth ventilation pipe (36) is set in the second bottom ventilation hole (29). The top block is provided with a horizontal seventh ventilation pipe (37) on both sides. One end of the seventh ventilation pipe (37) is connected to the upper end of the fifth ventilation pipe (35), and the other end of the seventh ventilation pipe (37) is set in the fourth top ventilation hole (19).

[0061] The middle blocks, top blocks, and bottom blocks are used to construct a block wall. A row of top blocks is placed at the top of the block wall, and a row of bottom blocks is placed at the bottom of the block wall. Multiple rows of middle blocks are placed between the top blocks and the bottom blocks. Phase change concrete is poured into the joint pouring cavity (39). The end rings of the steel strands (7) in adjacent top blocks overlap and longitudinal steel bars (38) are provided inside the rings. The end rings of the steel strands (7) in adjacent top blocks overlap and longitudinal steel bars (38) are provided inside the rings. The end rings of the steel strands (7) in adjacent bottom blocks overlap and longitudinal steel bars (38) are provided inside the rings. In the same vertical direction The vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) of the top block, the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) of the middle block, and the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) of the bottom block are connected; the vertical channels (14) in the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) of the top block, the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) of the middle block, and the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) of the bottom block are connected on the same vertical line; gaskets are provided between the vertically adjacent vertical channels (14); the gaskets ensure good airtightness of the channels when the blocks are connected.

[0062] The method of using breathable green thermal insulation and heat storage blocks that integrate insulation and structure to construct block walls, and using the block walls for heat storage and exchange, is carried out according to the following steps:

[0063] In summer, the first top horizontal through-hole (16), the fourth top horizontal through-hole (18), and the first ventilation pipe (23) are opened, and the first bottom horizontal through-hole (26), the fourth bottom horizontal through-hole (34), and the third ventilation pipe (32) are opened. The first top ventilation hole (17) and the fourth top ventilation hole (19) are closed using pipe plugs (25). According to the chimney effect principle, when the wind speed on the outdoor side of the top block is high, the pressure at the outer port of the fourth top horizontal through-hole (18) decreases. At this time, the indoor air pressure is greater than the outdoor air pressure. According to the thermal pressure ventilation principle, the hot air at the top of the room passes through the first top horizontal through-hole (16) and the fourth top horizontal through-hole (23). 18) and the first ventilation pipe (23) rush into the outside. At this time, due to the outflow of hot air from the room, the air pressure at the top of the room decreases. According to the principle of thermal pressure ventilation, the hot air in the lower part of the room flows to the top of the room and rushes into the outside through the first top horizontal through hole (16), the fourth top horizontal through hole (18) and the first ventilation pipe (23). At this time, due to the upward movement of hot air from the room, the air pressure at the bottom of the room decreases. The outdoor air pressure is greater than the indoor air pressure at the bottom of the room. The cool air from the outside will rush into the room through the first bottom horizontal through hole (26), the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34) and the third ventilation pipe (32) to achieve indoor and outdoor air circulation in summer.

[0064] During the winter daytime, a sunroom is set up on the outside of the block wall. The first top horizontal through hole (16) and the fourth top horizontal through hole (18) are sealed by pipe plugs (25), while the first bottom horizontal through hole (26), the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34), the first top ventilation hole (17), and the fourth top ventilation hole (19) are left open. At this time, the outdoor sunlight shines on the sunroom, and the temperature of the gas in the sunroom rises after being heated. The rising hot air increases the gas pressure at the top of the sunroom. According to the principle of thermal pressure ventilation, the hot air in the sunroom enters the fourth top ventilation hole (19) of the top block and passes through the second ventilation pipe (24), the vertical channel (14) in the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) of the top block, and the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) of the middle block in sequence. Vertical channels (14) in the warm mortar layer (1), vertical channels (14) in the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) in the bottom block, fourth ventilation pipe (33), first bottom ventilation hole (27), vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) in the bottom block, vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) in the middle block, vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) in the top block, and first top ventilation hole (17) enter the room. At the same time, the hot air in the sunroom enters the fourth top ventilation hole (19) of the top block and passes through the seventh ventilation pipe (37), fifth ventilation pipe (35), sixth ventilation pipe (36), and first bottom ventilation hole (27) in sequence. 7) Vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) of the bottom block, vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) of the middle block, vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) of the top block, and the first top ventilation hole (17) enter the room, realizing the circulation of hot air in the block. The hot air exchanges heat with the phase change concrete in the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1), the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2), and the joint pouring cavity (39), storing the heat in the phase change concrete in the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1), the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2), and the joint pouring cavity (39). After the hot air enters the room, the air pressure in the upper space of the room increases, and the cold air in the room moves towards The airflow at the bottom of the room causes the air pressure at the bottom of the room to rise. The cold air in the room flows into the outdoor sunroom through the first bottom horizontal through hole (26), the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34) and the third ventilation pipe (32). After being heated by the sunlight, it rises again and circulates into the block wall. At night in winter, the first top horizontal through hole (16), the fourth top horizontal through hole (18), the first bottom horizontal through hole (26), the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34), the first top ventilation hole (17) and the fourth top ventilation hole (19) are sealed by the pipe plug (25). The heat stored in the phase change insulation mortar layer (1) on the outside, the phase change insulation mortar layer (2) on the inside and the joint pouring cavity (39) in the phase change concrete is released into the room to achieve indoor heating.

[0065] In this embodiment, the wall constructed from breathable green thermal insulation and heat storage blocks that integrate insulation and structure is designed based on the principle of thermal pressure ventilation and the heat storage performance of materials. It features an airflow-encircling phase change layer, which not only has heat storage function but also good thermal insulation and thermal inertia, as well as certain structural stress performance. Compared to traditional insulated blocks, the insulated blocks in this embodiment not only have higher thermal insulation performance but also further improve the heat storage capacity and thermal inertia of the blocks themselves, thereby enhancing the thermal stability of the wall. The pre-embedded steel strands improve the connection performance between blocks and simplify the construction process. The mortise and tenon structure in the mortar layer effectively enhances the connection strength between the mortar layer (structural layer) and the insulation layer, reducing the amount of construction work during block laying. This overcomes the shortcomings of traditional masonry walls, which have mortar joints in both the horizontal and vertical directions, leading to heat loss, and reduces wet work, contributing to the realization of green construction. The innovative design of this embodiment incorporates airflow channels inside the blocks, and utilizes the characteristics of phase change materials to give the blocks thermal insulation, heat storage, and thermal inertia, improving the thermal stability of the wall. It also features removable end caps, giving the block wall a "breathing" ability to improve its adaptability to different environmental conditions, reducing winter heating energy consumption and summer cooling energy consumption, and lowering carbon emissions during operation and maintenance. The thermal insulation blocks in this embodiment are of great significance for promoting the development of masonry structures in rural housing and for their application in severely cold or cold regions.

Claims

1. A breathable, green, heat-insulating and heat-storing block integrating insulation and structure, characterized in that: The integrated insulation and structural breathing green insulation and heat storage block is composed of a middle block, a top block and a bottom block; the middle block, the top block and the bottom block are all composed of an outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1), an inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2), an inner insulation layer (3) and an outer insulation layer (4); The inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) has vertical tenons and grooves on both sides. The outer surface of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) has two rows of first dovetail tenons (6). Multiple first dovetail tenons (6) in each row form a dovetail tenon strip. A steel strand (7) is installed inside the dovetail tenon strip. The outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) has vertical tenons and grooves on both sides. The inner surface of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) has two rows of second dovetail tenons (10). Multiple second dovetail tenons (10) in each row form a dovetail tenon strip. A steel strand (7) is installed inside the dovetail tenon strip. The outer surface of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) has two rows of third dovetail tenons (11). Multiple third dovetail tenons (11) in each row form a dovetail tenon strip. The inner surface of the inner insulation layer (3) has two horizontal first dovetail grooves. (8) Two horizontal second dovetail grooves (9) are provided on the outer surface of the inner insulation layer (3); two horizontal third dovetail grooves (12) are provided on the inner surface of the outer insulation layer (4); the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1), the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) and the outer insulation layer (4) have the same width, the width of the inner insulation layer (3) is smaller than that of the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1), the two sides of the inner insulation layer (3), the outer surface of the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) and the inner surface of the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) form a joint pouring cavity (39); a row of square protrusions (5) are provided on both sides of the outer surface of the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) and on both sides of the inner surface of the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1). When phase change concrete is poured into the joint of adjacent blocks, the square protrusions (5) can increase the connection strength between the blocks and the phase change concrete. In the middle block: the upper end face of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with multiple protrusions (13), the lower end face of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with multiple pits symmetrical to the protrusions (13), the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with several vertical channels (14), the two ends of the channels (14) are respectively located at the center of the protrusions (13) and the center of the pits; the upper end face of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with multiple protrusions (13), the lower end face of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with multiple pits symmetrical to the protrusions (13), the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with several vertical channels (14), the two ends of the channels (14) are respectively located at the center of the protrusions (13) and the center of the pits; In the top block: the upper part of the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with a row of horizontal through holes (16) and a row of ventilation holes (17), the ventilation holes (17) are located below the horizontal through holes (16), the lower end face of the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with multiple pits, and the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with several vertical channels (14), the lower end of the vertical channels (14) is open and located in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2). At the center of the pit on the lower end face of the mortar layer (2), the first top ventilation hole (17) is a blind hole. One end of the opening of the first top ventilation hole (17) is located on the inner surface of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2), and the other end of the first top ventilation hole (17) is connected to the upper end of the vertical channel (14) located inside the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2). The upper part of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with a row of horizontally penetrating second top horizontal through holes (20) and a row of second top ventilation holes (21). The second top ventilation hole (21) is located below the second top horizontal through hole (20). The lower end face of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1) is provided with multiple pits. Several vertical channels (14) are provided inside the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1). The lower end of the vertical channel (14) is open and located in the center of the pit on the lower end face of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1). The second top ventilation hole (21) is a blind hole. One end of the open end of the second top ventilation hole (21) is located in the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer. (1) The other end of the second top ventilation hole (21) on the outer surface is connected to the upper end of the vertical channel (14) set inside the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1); the upper part of the inner insulation layer (3) is provided with a horizontally penetrating third top horizontal through hole (22); the upper part of the outer insulation layer (4) is provided with a row of horizontally penetrating fourth top horizontal through holes (18) and a row of fourth top ventilation holes (19), and the fourth top ventilation holes (19) are set below the fourth top horizontal through holes (18); In the bottom block: the lower part of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with a row of horizontal through holes (26) and a row of ventilation holes (27). The first bottom horizontal through holes (26) are located below the first ventilation holes (27). The upper surface of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with multiple protrusions (13). The inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2) is provided with several vertical channels (14). The upper end of the vertical channels (14) is open. At the center of the protrusion (13) on the upper end face of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2), the first bottom ventilation hole (27) is a blind hole. One open end of the first bottom ventilation hole (27) is set on the outer surface of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2), and the other end of the first bottom ventilation hole (27) is connected to the lower end of the vertical channel (14) set inside the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2). A row of horizontally penetrating second bottom horizontal through holes (28) is provided at the lower part of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1). A second bottom ventilation hole (29) is provided, and a second bottom horizontal through hole (28) is provided below the second bottom ventilation hole (29). Multiple protrusions (13) are provided on the upper surface of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1). Several vertical channels (14) are provided inside the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1). The upper end of the vertical channel (14) is open and located at the center of the protrusion (13) on the upper surface of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1). The second bottom ventilation hole (29) is a blind hole. One end of the ventilation hole (29) is set on the inner surface of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1), and the other end of the second bottom ventilation hole (29) is connected to the lower end of the vertical channel (14) set inside the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1); the lower part of the inner insulation layer (3) is provided with a horizontally penetrating third bottom horizontal through hole (30) and a horizontally penetrating third bottom ventilation hole (31); the lower part of the outer insulation layer (4) is provided with a row of horizontally penetrating fourth bottom horizontal through holes (34). The top block is provided with a first ventilation pipe (23) and a second ventilation pipe (24). The first ventilation pipe (23) is located in the first top horizontal through hole (16), the third top horizontal through hole (22), the second top horizontal through hole (20), and the fourth top horizontal through hole (18). One end of the second ventilation pipe (24) is located in the second top ventilation hole (21), and the other end of the second ventilation pipe (24) is located in the fourth top ventilation hole (19). The bottom block is provided with a third ventilation pipe (32) and a fourth ventilation pipe (33). The third ventilation pipe (32) is located in the first bottom horizontal through hole (26), the third bottom horizontal through hole (30), the second bottom horizontal through hole (28) and the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34). One end of the fourth ventilation pipe (33) passes through the third bottom ventilation hole (31) and is located in the first bottom ventilation hole (27) at the bottom of the inner phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (2). The other end of the fourth ventilation pipe (33) is located in the second bottom ventilation hole (29) of the outer phase change thermal insulation mortar layer (1). Vertical fifth ventilation pipes (35) are provided on both sides of the inner insulation layer (3) in the middle block, top block and bottom block. The fifth ventilation pipes (35) are porous pipes. Horizontal sixth ventilation pipes (36) are provided on both sides of the inner insulation layer (3) in the bottom block. The middle of the sixth ventilation pipe (36) is connected to the lower end of the fifth ventilation pipe (35). One end of the sixth ventilation pipe (36) is located in the first bottom ventilation hole (27), and the other end of the sixth ventilation pipe (36) is located in the second bottom ventilation hole (29). Horizontal seventh ventilation pipes (37) are provided on both sides of the top block. One end of the seventh ventilation pipe (37) is connected to the upper end of the fifth ventilation pipe (35), and the other end of the seventh ventilation pipe (37) is located in the fourth top ventilation hole (19). The middle blocks, top blocks, and bottom blocks are used to construct a block wall. A row of top blocks is placed at the very top of the block wall, and a row of bottom blocks is placed at the very bottom. Multiple rows of middle blocks are placed between the top and bottom blocks. Phase-change concrete is poured into the joint casting cavity (39). The ends of the steel strands (7) in adjacent top blocks overlap, and longitudinal reinforcing bars (38) are placed inside the rings. The ends of the steel strands (7) in adjacent middle blocks overlap, and longitudinal reinforcing bars (38) are placed inside the rings. The ends of the steel strands (7) in adjacent bottom blocks overlap, and the rings... The interior is equipped with longitudinal steel bars (38); the vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) of the top block, the vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) of the middle block and the vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) of the bottom block are connected; the vertical channels (14) in the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) of the top block, the vertical channels (14) in the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) of the middle block and the vertical channels (14) in the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) of the bottom block are connected.

2. The breathable green thermal insulation and heat storage block integrating insulation and structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel strand (7) has two circular rings at both ends, and the circular rings at both ends are set on the outside of the dovetail tenon.

3. The breathable green thermal insulation and heat storage block integrating insulation and structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the outer insulation layer (4) is coated with black paint.

4. The breathable green thermal insulation and heat storage block integrating insulation and structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first dovetail tenon (6) is set in the first dovetail groove (8), the second dovetail tenon (10) is set in the second dovetail groove (9), and the third dovetail tenon (11) is set in the third dovetail groove (12).

5. The breathable green thermal insulation and heat storage block integrating insulation and structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A stop bar (15) is provided in the first dovetail groove (8), the second dovetail groove (9) and the third dovetail groove (12). The stop bar (15) is provided in the gap between adjacent first dovetail tenons (6), the gap between adjacent second dovetail tenons (10) and the gap between adjacent third dovetail tenons (11).

6. The breathable green thermal insulation and heat storage block integrating insulation and structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner insulation layer (3) and the outer insulation layer (4) are extruded polystyrene boards.

7. The breathable green thermal insulation and heat storage block integrating insulation and structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pipe plug (25) is provided on the inner side of the first bottom horizontal through hole (26); a pipe plug (25) is provided on the outer side of the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34).

8. The breathable green thermal insulation and heat storage block integrating insulation and structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pipe plug (25) is provided on the outside of the fourth top horizontal through hole (18) and the outside of the fourth top ventilation hole (19); a pipe plug (25) is provided on the inside of the first top horizontal through hole (16) and the inside of the first top ventilation hole (17).

9. The breathable green thermal insulation and heat storage block integrating insulation and structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Washers are provided between vertically adjacent vertical channels (14).

10. The application of the breathable green thermal insulation and heat storage block integrating insulation and structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The method of using breathable green thermal insulation and heat storage blocks that integrate insulation and structure to construct block walls, and using the block walls for heat storage and exchange, is carried out according to the following steps: In summer, the first top horizontal through-hole (16), the fourth top horizontal through-hole (18), and the first ventilation pipe (23) are opened, and the first bottom horizontal through-hole (26), the fourth bottom horizontal through-hole (34), and the third ventilation pipe (32) are opened. The first top ventilation hole (17) and the fourth top ventilation hole (19) are closed using pipe plugs (25). According to the chimney effect principle, when the wind speed on the outdoor side of the top block is high, the pressure at the outer port of the fourth top horizontal through-hole (18) decreases. At this time, the indoor air pressure is greater than the outdoor air pressure. According to the thermal pressure ventilation principle, the hot air at the top of the room passes through the first top horizontal through-hole (16) and the fourth top horizontal through-hole (23). 18) and the first ventilation pipe (23) rush into the outside. At this time, due to the outflow of hot air from the room, the air pressure at the top of the room decreases. According to the principle of thermal pressure ventilation, the hot air in the lower part of the room flows to the top of the room and rushes into the outside through the first top horizontal through hole (16), the fourth top horizontal through hole (18) and the first ventilation pipe (23). At this time, due to the upward movement of hot air from the room, the air pressure at the bottom of the room decreases. The outdoor air pressure is greater than the indoor air pressure at the bottom of the room. The cool air from the outside will rush into the room through the first bottom horizontal through hole (26), the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34) and the third ventilation pipe (32) to achieve indoor and outdoor air circulation in summer. During the winter daytime, a sunroom is set up on the outside of the block wall. The first top horizontal through hole (16) and the fourth top horizontal through hole (18) are sealed by pipe plugs (25), while the first bottom horizontal through hole (26), the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34), the first top ventilation hole (17), and the fourth top ventilation hole (19) are opened. At this time, the outdoor sunlight shines on the sunroom, and the temperature of the gas in the sunroom is raised after being heated. The rising hot air increases the gas pressure at the top of the sunroom. According to the principle of thermal pressure ventilation, the hot air in the sunroom enters the fourth top ventilation hole (19) of the top block and passes through the second ventilation pipe (24), the vertical channel (14) in the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) of the top block, and the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) of the middle block in sequence. Vertical channels (14) in the warm mortar layer (1), vertical channels (14) in the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1) in the bottom block, fourth ventilation pipe (33), first bottom ventilation hole (27), vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) in the bottom block, vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) in the middle block, vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) in the top block, and first top ventilation hole (17) enter the room. At the same time, the hot air in the sunroom enters the fourth top ventilation hole (19) of the top block and passes through the seventh ventilation pipe (37), fifth ventilation pipe (35), sixth ventilation pipe (36), and first bottom ventilation hole (27) in sequence. 7) Vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) of the bottom block, vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) of the middle block, vertical channels (14) in the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) of the top block, and the first top ventilation hole (17) enter the room, realizing the circulation of hot air in the block. The hot air exchanges heat with the phase change concrete in the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1), the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2), and the joint pouring cavity (39), storing the heat in the phase change concrete in the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1), the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2), and the joint pouring cavity (39). After the hot air enters the room, the air pressure in the upper space of the room increases, and the cold air in the room... The air flows towards the bottom of the room, causing the air pressure at the bottom of the room to rise. The cold air in the room flows into the outdoor sunroom through the first bottom horizontal through hole (26), the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34) and the third ventilation pipe (32). After being heated by the sunlight, it rises again and circulates into the block wall. At night in winter, the first top horizontal through hole (16), the fourth top horizontal through hole (18), the first bottom horizontal through hole (26), the fourth bottom horizontal through hole (34), the first top ventilation hole (17) and the fourth top ventilation hole (19) are sealed by the pipe plug (25). The heat stored in the phase change concrete in the outer phase change insulation mortar layer (1), the inner phase change insulation mortar layer (2) and the joint pouring cavity (39) is released into the room to achieve indoor heating.

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