Solid hydrogen storage heat management system and method combining heat pump and cold storage and heat storage

Abstract

The invention discloses a solid hydrogen storage heat management system and method combining a heat pump and cold storage and heat storage, which are used for performing temperature control and energy recovery in the hydrogen absorption and desorption process of a solid hydrogen storage material and improving the energy efficiency of the system. The system comprises a solid hydrogen storage unit, a heat pump unit, a cold / heat storage unit and the like, in the hydrogen storage process, the system provides cold energy for a solid hydrogen storage material through a low-temperature liquid storage tank and a heat pump, and meanwhile heat is stored in a high-temperature liquid storage tank. In the hydrogen desorption process, the system provides heat for the solid hydrogen storage material through stored heat, and meanwhile cold energy is stored in the low-temperature liquid storage tank. Switching of different working modes can be achieved by controlling the opening and closing states of all the valves. The invention further provides a single liquid storage tank scheme, and the system structure is further simplified. According to the invention, the efficient recycling of heat is realized, the energy efficiency of the system is obviously improved, the energy consumption in the solid hydrogen storage process is reduced, and a new solution is provided for the practical application of the solid hydrogen storage technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen energy storage and utilization, and relates to the thermal management of a solid-state hydrogen storage system. Specifically, it is a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system and method that combines a heat pump with cold and heat storage, and realizes efficient energy utilization and temperature control through the conversion and recovery of cold and hot energy during hydrogen absorption and desorption. Background Art

[0002] As a key link in the hydrogen energy industry chain, the efficiency and safety of hydrogen storage technology directly affect the promotion and application level of hydrogen energy. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out research on efficient hydrogen storage technology to effectively promote large-scale hydrogen energy applications. Among the many existing hydrogen storage technologies, although high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage technology is mature, it has certain safety hazards due to its operation under high-pressure conditions. At the same time, high-strength, high-pressure resistant materials and equipment are required during storage and transportation, resulting in high costs. In addition, the volumetric hydrogen storage density of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage is low, which is difficult to meet the needs of large-scale hydrogen energy applications. Cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage uses the liquefaction properties of hydrogen at extremely low temperatures for storage. Although it can increase the hydrogen storage density, it is necessary to maintain liquid hydrogen in an ultra-low temperature environment, and the requirements for insulation materials and low-temperature maintenance systems are extremely high. During the storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen, due to the difficulty of maintaining a low-temperature environment and the evaporation loss of liquid hydrogen, its overall efficiency is low and the cost is expensive. Therefore, although cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage technology has certain applications in certain specific fields, it still faces great technical and economic challenges in large-scale hydrogen energy applications.

[0003] Compared with high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage, solid-state hydrogen storage, as an emerging hydrogen storage method, has the advantages of high hydrogen storage density per unit volume, excellent safety, and low storage and transportation pressure. It has become one of the most influential hydrogen storage technologies actively explored and promoted by major countries in the world today. However, solid-state hydrogen storage is a reversible reaction process. The absorption of hydrogen by solid-state hydrogen storage materials is an exothermic process, and the release of hydrogen is an endothermic process. Therefore, during the hydrogen storage process, continuous heat exchange is usually required to ensure that the absorption and desorption rate of hydrogen is maintained at an appropriate level. Taking the desorption process as an example, when the heat supplied by the outside world does not match the heat of reaction, the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage material will decrease, resulting in a decrease in the desorption rate. And because the pressure environment of the solid-state hydrogen storage material when absorbing and releasing hydrogen is different, the temperature required for the solid-state hydrogen storage material is different when the absorption and release rate of hydrogen is stable and the maximum absorption / desorption amount of hydrogen is met. Taking the common type I and II hydrogen storage alloy TiFe 0.8 Mn 0.2 For example, the temperature required to absorb hydrogen is about 30°C, and the temperature required to release hydrogen is about 70°C.

[0004] At present, the main problems faced by solid-state hydrogen storage systems in thermal management are: low energy utilization, insufficient heat utilization, heat released during the hydrogen absorption process is not recovered, and high heat consumption during the hydrogen release process. In addition, due to the differences in temperature and pressure conditions required by the materials during the hydrogen absorption and desorption process, the system design needs to meet the needs of cooling and heating at the same time, further increasing the design difficulty and operating costs of the system. At the same time, the thermal response characteristics of solid-state hydrogen storage materials also affect the overall efficiency of the hydrogen storage system. Since the absorption and release reaction of hydrogen is a strong exothermic and endothermic process, when the heat supplied by the outside does not match the reaction heat of the material, the material temperature may drop or rise rapidly, resulting in unstable hydrogen absorption and desorption rates.

[0005] In summary, although solid-state hydrogen storage technology has many advantages, such as high safety and high hydrogen storage density per unit volume, it still faces technical difficulties in practical applications, such as complex thermal management, insufficient energy recovery, and low overall system energy efficiency. Therefore, how to improve the energy utilization rate of solid-state hydrogen storage systems, achieve efficient thermal management, coordinate the temperature difference during hydrogen absorption and desorption, and how to effectively recover and utilize the heat in the system are technical problems that need to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0006] 1. Purpose of the invention In view of the defects and shortcomings of the existing solid-state hydrogen storage technology in the process of hydrogen absorption and desorption, such as low energy utilization rate, insufficient thermal management efficiency, and high overall system energy consumption, in order to solve at least one of the above and other technical problems in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system and method combined with a heat pump and cold and heat storage. By coupling the solid-state hydrogen storage system, the heat pump system and the cold and heat storage technology, the heat released by hydrogen absorption in the solid-state hydrogen storage process is recovered and the temperature is further increased, and it is applied to the desorption process, thereby saving energy consumption. At the same time, the present invention uses a heat pump system to maintain a constant temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage material during the process of hydrogen absorption and desorption, providing cold and storing heat for the hydrogen storage material during hydrogen absorption, and providing heat and storing cold for the hydrogen storage material during hydrogen desorption, so as to realize the "one machine two uses" of the heat pump system, effectively reduce the system energy consumption, and greatly improve the energy utilization rate in the process of hydrogen absorption and desorption compared with traditional electric heating and electric refrigeration, and provide a new solution for the practical application of solid-state hydrogen storage technology.

[0007] (II) Technical solution In order to achieve the purpose of the invention and solve the technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The first invention object of the present invention is to provide a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage, which is used for temperature control and energy recovery of solid-state hydrogen storage materials during hydrogen absorption and desorption, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the system. The system comprises at least one solid-state hydrogen storage unit, one heat pump unit, one cold storage / cooling unit and one heat storage / heating unit, wherein: The solid-state hydrogen storage unit comprises at least a hydrogen storage tank, a solid-state hydrogen storage material sealed in the hydrogen storage tank, and a heat exchange pipeline whose main body is arranged in the hydrogen storage tank and connected to an external pipeline, and is used to release heat when hydrogen is absorbed and absorb heat when hydrogen is released; The heat pump unit at least includes an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and an expansion valve. The cold side of the evaporator, the compressor, the hot side of the condenser and the expansion valve are connected in sequence through pipelines to form a closed heat pump working medium circulation loop. The conversion of cold and heat is achieved through the circulation of the heat pump working medium, and corresponding cold or heat is provided according to the temperature requirement of the solid hydrogen storage unit. The cold storage / cold supply unit is used to release cold energy during the hydrogen absorption process of the solid hydrogen storage unit and absorb and store cold energy of the heat pump unit evaporator during the hydrogen release process, and at least includes a cryogenic liquid storage tank, a first control valve and a three-way valve I. The outlet of the cryogenic liquid storage tank is connected to the hot side inlet of the evaporator through a pipeline. The hot side outlet of the evaporator is provided with two branch pipelines, wherein the first branch pipeline is provided with the first valve and is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid hydrogen storage unit, the end of the second branch pipeline is connected to the first interface of the three-way valve I, the second interface of the three-way valve I is connected to the inlet of the cryogenic liquid storage tank through a pipeline, and the third interface of the three-way valve I is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid hydrogen storage unit through a pipeline; The heat storage / heat supply unit is used to release heat during the hydrogen release process of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and absorb and store heat from the heat pump unit condenser during the hydrogen absorption process. It at least includes a high-temperature liquid storage tank, a second control valve and a three-way valve II. The outlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank is connected to the cold side inlet of the condenser through a pipeline. The cold side outlet of the condenser is provided with two branch pipelines, wherein the second valve is provided on the first branch pipeline and is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit, the end of the second branch pipeline is connected to the first interface of the three-way valve II, the second interface of the three-way valve II is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through a pipeline, and the third interface of the three-way valve II is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank through a pipeline.

[0008] The second invention object of the present invention is to provide a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management method combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage. Based on the above solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage, the thermal management method includes: First, the working mode is judged. According to the current state of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and user needs, it is judged whether the system is currently in the hydrogen absorption mode of the heat pump shutdown, the hydrogen absorption mode of the heat pump startup, the hydrogen release mode of the heat pump shutdown, the hydrogen release mode of the heat pump startup, or the standby mode; When the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is in the process of hydrogen absorption and the temperature of the cryogenic liquid storage tank is lower than the preset upper limit temperature and has sufficient cooling capacity, the system operates in the hydrogen absorption mode of the heat pump shutdown. At this time, the compressor is turned off to put the heat pump unit in a shutdown state, the low-temperature drive pump is turned on and the high-temperature drive pump is turned off, and the first valve is opened, the second valve is closed, the first interface of the three-way valve I is closed, the second interface and the third interface thereof are opened, and the first interface, the second interface and the third interface of the three-way valve II are closed. The liquid working fluid in the cryogenic liquid storage tank enters the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit after passing through the evaporator and the first valve to provide cooling capacity for the solid-state hydrogen storage material, and the heated liquid working fluid flows back to the cryogenic liquid storage tank through the three-way valve I; When the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is in the process of hydrogen absorption and the temperature of the low-temperature liquid storage tank exceeds the preset upper limit temperature and there is not enough cold capacity to provide, the system operates in the hydrogen absorption mode of heat pump startup. At this time, the compressor is turned on to start the heat pump unit, and the low-temperature drive pump and the high-temperature drive pump are started at the same time, and the first valve is opened, the second valve is closed, the first interface of the three-way valve I is closed, and its second interface and third interface are opened, the second interface of the three-way valve II is closed, and its first interface and third interface are opened, and the liquid working medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is passed into the hot side of the evaporator and the temperature is reduced. Then, it enters the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through the first valve to provide cold capacity for the solid-state hydrogen storage material, and the heated liquid working medium flows back to the low-temperature liquid storage tank through the three-way valve I to achieve circulating cooling; at the same time, the liquid working medium in the high-temperature liquid storage tank is passed into the cold side of the condenser and absorbs heat, and then flows back to the high-temperature liquid storage tank through the three-way valve II for heat storage; When the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is in the process of dehydrogenation and the temperature of the high-temperature liquid storage tank is higher than the preset lower limit temperature and has sufficient heat to provide, the system operates in the dehydrogenation mode of the heat pump shutdown. At this time, the compressor is turned off to put the heat pump unit in a shutdown state, the high-temperature drive pump is turned on and the low-temperature drive pump is turned off, and the first valve is closed, the second valve is opened, the first interface, the second interface and the third interface of the three-way valve I are closed, the first interface of the three-way valve II is closed, and the second interface and the third interface thereof are opened. The liquid working fluid in the high-temperature liquid storage tank enters the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit after the condenser and the second valve to provide heat for the solid-state hydrogen storage material, and the cooled liquid working fluid flows back to the high-temperature liquid storage tank through the three-way valve II; When the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is in the process of dehydrogenation and the temperature of the high-temperature liquid storage tank is lower than the preset lower limit temperature and there is not enough heat to provide, the system operates in the dehydrogenation mode of the heat pump startup. At this time, the compressor is started to put the heat pump unit in the startup state, and the low-temperature drive pump and the high-temperature drive pump are started at the same time, and the first valve is closed, the second valve is opened, the third interface of the three-way valve I is closed, and the first interface and the second interface thereof are opened, the first interface of the three-way valve II is closed, and the second interface and the third interface thereof are opened. The liquid working medium in the high-temperature liquid storage tank is passed into the cold side of the condenser and the temperature is increased. Then, the liquid working medium enters the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through the second valve to provide heat for the solid-state hydrogen storage material. The cooled liquid working medium flows back to the high-temperature liquid storage tank through the three-way valve II. At the same time, the liquid working medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is passed into the hot side of the evaporator and absorbs the cold, and then flows back to the low-temperature liquid storage tank through the three-way valve I for cold storage. When the system is in standby mode, the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is monitored in real time to keep it within the preset optimal operating temperature range, and the heat pump unit, cold storage / cooling unit and heat storage / heating unit are started in time to adjust the temperature according to changes in ambient temperature.

[0009] The third invention objective of the present invention is to provide another solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold / heat storage, which is used for temperature control and energy recovery of solid-state hydrogen storage materials during hydrogen absorption and desorption, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the system, and comprises at least one solid-state hydrogen storage unit, one heat pump unit, and one cold / heat storage unit, wherein: The solid-state hydrogen storage unit comprises at least a hydrogen storage tank, a solid-state hydrogen storage material sealed in the hydrogen storage tank, and a heat exchange pipeline whose main body is arranged in the hydrogen storage tank and connected to an external pipeline, and is used to release heat when hydrogen is absorbed and absorb heat when hydrogen is released; The heat pump unit at least includes an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and an expansion valve. The cold side of the evaporator, the compressor, the hot side of the condenser and the expansion valve are connected in sequence through pipelines to form a closed heat pump working medium circulation loop. The conversion of cold and heat is achieved through the circulation of the heat pump working medium, and corresponding cold or heat is provided according to the temperature requirement of the solid hydrogen storage unit. The cold / heat storage unit comprises a high and low temperature liquid storage tank, a low temperature driving pump, a high temperature driving pump, a third valve, a fourth valve, a fifth valve, a sixth valve, a seventh valve and an eighth valve, a hot fluid inlet and a hot fluid outlet are provided at the upper part of the high and low temperature liquid storage tank, and a cold fluid inlet and a cold fluid outlet are provided at the lower part of the high and low temperature liquid storage tank, wherein: A low-temperature driving pump and a fourth valve are arranged on the pipeline at the outlet of the cold fluid, and the outlet of the fourth valve is provided with three branch pipelines, the first branch pipeline is connected to the hot fluid inlet after passing through the cold side of the condenser, the second branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid hydrogen storage unit through the sixth valve, and the third branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid hydrogen storage unit through the eighth valve. A high-temperature drive pump and a third valve are arranged on the pipeline at the hot fluid outlet, and the outlet of the third valve is provided with three branch pipelines, the first branch pipeline is connected with the cold fluid inlet after passing through the hot side of the evaporator, the second branch pipeline is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through the fifth valve, and the third branch pipeline is connected with the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through the seventh valve.

[0010] The fourth invention object of the present invention is to provide another solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management method combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage. Based on the above second solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage, the thermal management method includes: First, the working mode is determined. According to the current state of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and user needs, it is determined whether the system is currently in hydrogen absorption mode, hydrogen release mode or standby mode; When the system is in the hydrogen absorption mode, the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage unit is monitored and when the temperature exceeds the preset upper limit, the heat pump unit is started and the fourth valve, the sixth valve and the seventh valve are opened, the third valve, the fifth valve and the eighth valve are closed, and the low-temperature drive pump is started at the same time, so that the low-temperature liquid working medium below the high and low temperature liquid storage tank flows into the cold side of the condenser after passing through the fourth valve to absorb heat, and then flows into the high and low temperature liquid storage tank from the top and stores the heat after the temperature rises, and the other part flows into the heat exchange pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank through the sixth valve to continuously provide cold capacity for the solid hydrogen storage material, and then enters the hot side of the evaporator through the seventh valve and flows into the bottom of the high and low temperature liquid storage tank after the temperature drops; When the system is in the hydrogen release mode, the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage unit is monitored and when the temperature is lower than the preset lower limit, the heat pump unit is started and the third valve, the fifth valve and the eighth valve are opened, the fourth valve, the sixth valve and the seventh valve are closed, and the high-temperature drive pump is started at the same time, so that the high-temperature liquid working medium above the high-temperature and low-temperature liquid storage tank flows into the hot side of the evaporator after passing through the third valve to absorb cold energy and flow in from the bottom of the high-temperature and low-temperature liquid storage tank to store the cold energy after the temperature is lowered, and the other part flows into the heat exchange pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank through the fifth valve to continuously provide heat for the solid hydrogen storage material, and then enters the cold side of the condenser through the eighth valve and flows in from the top of the high-temperature and low-temperature liquid storage tank after the temperature is increased; When the system is in standby mode, the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is monitored in real time to keep it within the preset optimal operating temperature range, and the heat pump unit and cold / heat storage unit are started in time to adjust the temperature according to changes in ambient temperature.

[0011] (III) Technical Effect Compared with the prior art, the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system and method combining heat pump and cold and heat storage of the present invention has the following beneficial and significant technical effects: (1) The present invention realizes efficient management and recovery of cold and hot energy in the solid-state hydrogen storage system, and improves the overall energy efficiency of the system. During the hydrogen storage process, the system raises the temperature of the heat released by the solid-state hydrogen storage material through the heat pump system and stores it in a high-temperature liquid storage tank. During the dehydrogenation process, this part of the heat is used to provide the required heat for the solid-state hydrogen storage material. This efficient energy recovery and utilization mechanism not only reduces the energy consumption during system operation, but also significantly improves the efficiency of energy use, effectively solving the problem of insufficient energy utilization in traditional solid-state hydrogen storage systems.

[0012] (2) The present invention realizes the function of "one machine with two uses" through the heat pump system. During the hydrogen storage process, the heat pump system provides cooling for the solid hydrogen storage material; during the hydrogen release process, it provides heat for it. This flexible operation mode enables the system to adapt to the temperature requirements of the solid hydrogen storage material at different stages, thereby improving the adaptability and efficiency of the system.

[0013] (3) The cold and heat storage technology used in the present invention effectively solves the problem of different temperature requirements of solid hydrogen storage materials during hydrogen absorption and desorption. By storing liquids at different temperatures, the system can quickly provide heat or cold at the required temperature as needed, thereby achieving precise control of the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material. Compared with traditional electric heating and electric cooling methods, the present invention greatly reduces the energy consumption of the hydrogen absorption and desorption process. Through the combination of the heat pump system and the cold and heat storage technology, the system can use energy more efficiently and reduce the power consumption required for direct electric heating or electric cooling.

[0014] (4) The system design of the present invention has good flexibility and scalability. By controlling the switch status of each valve, the system can switch between multiple working modes, such as low-temperature liquid storage tank cooling, heat pump system cooling, high-temperature liquid storage tank heating and heat pump system heating. This flexibility enables the system to adapt to different working conditions and requirements. In addition, the single liquid storage tank solution provided by the present invention further simplifies the system structure and improves the system's integration and space utilization. This design not only reduces the complexity of the system, but also may reduce the initial investment and maintenance costs of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 The figure shows a schematic diagram of a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage provided in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram showing the working state of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention when it is in a hydrogen absorption mode with the heat pump stopped; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram showing the working state of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention when it is in a hydrogen absorption mode of heat pump startup; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram showing the working state of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention when it is in a hydrogen release mode with the heat pump shut down; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram showing the working state of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention when it is in a hydrogen release mode when the heat pump is started; Figure 6 The figure shows a schematic diagram of a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage provided in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram showing the working state of the hydrogen absorption process of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram showing the working state of the hydrogen release process of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage according to Example 2 of the present invention.

[0016] Description of reference numerals: 1-evaporator; 2-compressor; 3-condenser; 4-expansion valve; 5-low-temperature liquid storage tank; 6-low-temperature drive pump; 7-high-temperature liquid storage tank; 8-high-temperature drive pump; 9-hydrogen storage tank; 10-first valve; 11-second valve; 12-three-way valve I; 13-three-way valve II; 14-first interface of three-way valve I; 15-second interface of three-way valve I; 16-third interface of three-way valve I; 17-first interface of three-way valve II; 18-second interface of three-way valve II; 19-third interface of three-way valve II; 20-solid hydrogen storage material; 21-hydrogen; 22-third valve; 23-fourth valve; 24-fifth valve; 25-sixth valve; 26-seventh valve; 27-eighth valve; 28-high and low temperature liquid storage tanks. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the implementation of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. The described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be understood as limiting the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The present invention aims to provide a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system and method that combines a heat pump and cold and heat storage. By coupling a solid-state hydrogen storage system, a heat pump system, and cold and heat storage technology, the heat released by hydrogen absorption in the solid-state hydrogen storage process is recovered and the temperature is further increased, and it is applied to the hydrogen release process, thereby saving energy consumption. At the same time, the present invention uses a heat pump system to maintain a constant temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage material during hydrogen absorption and desorption, providing cold and storing heat for the hydrogen storage material during hydrogen absorption, and providing heat and storing cold for the hydrogen storage material during hydrogen release, thereby realizing the "one machine, two uses" of the heat pump system, effectively reducing the system energy consumption, and greatly improving the energy utilization rate in the hydrogen absorption and desorption process compared to traditional electric heating and electric refrigeration, providing a new solution for the practical application of solid-state hydrogen storage technology.

[0019] Example 1 As a specific example, Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage, which is used for temperature control and energy recovery of solid-state hydrogen storage materials during hydrogen absorption and desorption, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the system. Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a solid hydrogen storage unit, a heat pump unit, a cold storage / cold supply unit and a heat storage / heat supply unit, wherein: The solid-state hydrogen storage unit includes a hydrogen storage tank 9, a solid-state hydrogen storage material 20 sealed in the hydrogen storage tank 9, and a heat exchange pipeline whose main body is arranged in the hydrogen storage tank 9 and connected to an external pipeline, and is used to release heat when hydrogen is absorbed and absorb heat when hydrogen is released; The heat pump unit includes an evaporator 1, a compressor 2, a condenser 3 and an expansion valve 4. The cold side of the evaporator 1, the compressor 2, the hot side of the condenser 3 and the expansion valve 4 are connected in sequence through pipelines to form a closed heat pump working medium circulation loop. The conversion of cold and heat is achieved through the circulation of the heat pump working medium, and corresponding cold or heat is provided according to the temperature requirement of the solid hydrogen storage unit. A cold storage / cold supply unit, used for releasing cold during the solid hydrogen storage unit's hydrogen absorption process and absorbing and storing cold of the heat pump unit's evaporator during the hydrogen release process, at least comprising a cryogenic liquid storage tank 5, a first control valve 10 and a three-way valve I12, the outlet of the cryogenic liquid storage tank 5 being connected to the hot side inlet of the evaporator 1 through a pipeline, the hot side outlet of the evaporator 1 being provided with two branch pipelines, wherein the first branch pipeline is provided with a first valve 10 and is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid hydrogen storage unit, the end of the second branch pipeline is connected to the first interface 14 of the three-way valve I12, the second interface 15 of the three-way valve I12 is connected to the inlet of the cryogenic liquid storage tank 5 through a pipeline, and the third interface 16 of the three-way valve I12 is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid hydrogen storage unit through a pipeline; The heat storage / heat supply unit is used to release heat during the dehydrogenation process of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and absorb and store the heat of the heat pump unit condenser during the hydrogen absorption process. It at least includes a high-temperature liquid storage tank 7, a second control valve 11 and a three-way valve II13. The outlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 is connected to the cold side inlet of the condenser 3 through a pipeline. The cold side outlet of the condenser 3 is provided with two branch pipelines, wherein the first branch pipeline is provided with a second valve 11 and is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit, the end of the second branch pipeline is connected to the first interface 17 of the three-way valve II13, the second interface 18 of the three-way valve II13 is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through a pipeline, and the third interface 19 of the three-way valve II13 is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 through a pipeline.

[0020] Preferably, the system also includes a low-temperature driving pump 6 for driving the circulation of liquid in the low-temperature liquid storage tank 5 and a high-temperature driving pump 8 for driving the circulation of liquid in the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7, and the number of the low-temperature driving pump 6 and the high-temperature driving pump 8 can be one or more, and when there are more than one, they can be arranged in parallel or in series. The driving pump can be a volumetric pump, a dynamic pump, other types of pumps, or a combination of the above three pumps.

[0021] The solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage in an embodiment of the present invention first determines the working mode when it is in operation. According to the current state of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and user needs, it determines whether the system is currently in a hydrogen absorption mode when the heat pump is stopped, a hydrogen absorption mode when the heat pump is started, a hydrogen release mode when the heat pump is stopped, a hydrogen release mode when the heat pump is started, or a standby mode.

[0022] like Figure 2As shown, when the solid hydrogen storage unit is in the process of hydrogen absorption and the temperature of the cryogenic liquid storage tank 5 is lower than the preset upper limit temperature and has sufficient cooling capacity to provide, the system operates in the hydrogen absorption mode of the heat pump shutdown. At this time, the compressor 2 is turned off to put the heat pump unit in a shutdown state, the low-temperature drive pump 6 is turned on and the high-temperature drive pump 8 is turned off, and the first valve 10 is opened, the second valve 11 is closed, the first interface 14 of the three-way valve I 12 is closed, the second interface 15 and the third interface 16 are opened, and the first interface 17, the second interface 18 and the third interface 19 of the three-way valve II 13 are closed. The liquid working fluid in the cryogenic liquid storage tank 5 enters the heat exchange pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank 9 after passing through the evaporator 1 and the first valve 10 to provide cooling capacity for the solid hydrogen storage material 20, and the heated liquid working fluid flows back to the cryogenic liquid storage tank 5 through the three-way valve I 12.

[0023] like Figure 3 As shown, when the solid hydrogen storage unit is in the process of hydrogen absorption and the temperature of the cryogenic liquid storage tank 5 exceeds the preset upper limit temperature and there is not enough cold capacity to provide, the system operates in the hydrogen absorption mode of heat pump startup. At this time, the compressor 2 is turned on to start the heat pump unit, and the low-temperature drive pump 6 and the high-temperature drive pump 8 are started at the same time, and the first valve 10 is opened, the second valve 11 is closed, the first interface 14 of the three-way valve I 12 is closed, the second interface 15 and the third interface 16 thereof are opened, the second interface 18 of the three-way valve II 13 is closed, and the first interface 17 and the third interface thereof are opened. 19, the liquid working medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank 5 is passed into the hot side of the evaporator 1 and the temperature is reduced, and then it enters the heat exchange pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank 9 through the first valve 10 to provide cold for the solid hydrogen storage material 20. The heated liquid working medium flows back to the low-temperature liquid storage tank 5 through the three-way valve I 12 to achieve circulating cooling, and the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material 20 is maintained by continuously converting electrical energy into cold. At the same time, the liquid working medium in the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 is passed into the cold side of the condenser 3 and absorbs heat, and then flows back to the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 through the three-way valve II 13 to store heat. In this way, the temperature of the liquid working medium in the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 is continuously increased, and the electrical energy is converted into heat for storage.

[0024] like Figure 4As shown, when the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is in the process of dehydrogenation and the temperature of the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 is higher than the preset lower limit temperature and has sufficient heat to provide, the system operates in the dehydrogenation mode of the heat pump shutdown. At this time, the compressor 2 is turned off to put the heat pump unit in a shutdown state, the high-temperature drive pump 8 is turned on and the low-temperature drive pump 6 is turned off, and the first valve 10 is closed, the second valve 11 is opened, the first interface 14, the second interface 15 and the third interface 16 of the three-way valve I12 are closed, the first interface 17 of the three-way valve II13 is closed, and the second interface 18 and the third interface 19 are opened. The liquid working fluid in the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 enters the heat exchange pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank 9 after the condenser 3 and the second valve 11 to provide heat for the solid-state hydrogen storage material 20, and the cooled liquid working fluid flows back to the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 through the three-way valve II13.

[0025] like Figure 5 As shown, when the solid hydrogen storage unit is in the process of dehydrogenation and the temperature of the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 is lower than the preset lower limit temperature and there is not enough heat provided, the system operates in the dehydrogenation mode started by the heat pump. At this time, the compressor 2 is started to put the heat pump unit in the starting state, and the low-temperature drive pump 6 and the high-temperature drive pump 8 are started at the same time, and the first valve 10 is closed, the second valve 11 is opened, the third port 16 of the three-way valve I 12 is closed, the first port 14 and the second port 15 are opened, the first port 17 of the three-way valve II 13 is closed, and the second port 18 and the third port 19 are opened, and the liquid working medium in the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 is discharged. After the temperature is raised by passing into the cold side of the condenser 3, it enters the heat exchange pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank 9 through the second valve 11 to provide heat for the solid hydrogen storage material 20. The cooled liquid working medium flows back to the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 through the three-way valve II 13, and this process is repeated to continuously convert electrical energy into heat to maintain the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material 20. At the same time, the liquid working medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank 5 passes into the hot side of the evaporator 1 to absorb cold energy, and then flows back to the low-temperature liquid storage tank 5 through the three-way valve I 12 to store cold energy. This process is repeated to continuously reduce the temperature of the liquid working medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank 5, and convert electrical energy into cold energy for storage.

[0026] When the system is in standby mode, the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is monitored in real time to keep it within the preset optimal operating temperature range, and the heat pump unit, cold storage / cooling unit and heat storage / heating unit are started in time to adjust the temperature according to changes in ambient temperature.

[0027] Preferably, the heat pump unit can be a steam compression heat pump, an absorption heat pump, an adsorption heat pump, a steam jet heat pump, a thermoelectric heat pump, etc., and the operating temperature can be between -100°C and 650°C; the heat pump working fluid can be composed of one or more of refrigerant, argon, helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and air, and the working fluid state can be liquid, gaseous, or a gas-liquid mixed state.

[0028] Preferably, in the heat pump unit, the type of compressor 2 can be piston type, rotor type, scroll type, screw type, centrifugal type or axial flow type, and its pressure ratio is between 3 and 20. The number can be 1 or more, and when there are more than 1, they can be arranged in parallel or in series; the heat exchanger structure of the evaporator 1 and the condenser 3 can be shell and tube type, sleeve and tube type, plate type, spiral plate type, immersed type, etc.

[0029] Preferably, the low-temperature liquid storage tank 5 and the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 can be cylindrical, spherical or rectangular. When there are multiple liquid storage tanks, the arrangement can be in parallel, in series or a combination of the two. Both the high-temperature liquid storage tank and the low-temperature liquid storage tank need to adopt good insulation measures. Moreover, the operating temperature of the cold storage / cold supply unit and the heat storage / heat supply unit can be between -100°C and 650°C.

[0030] Example 2 This embodiment 2 provides another structural form and arrangement of a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system that combines a heat pump and cold and heat storage, which is used for temperature control and energy recovery of solid-state hydrogen storage materials during hydrogen absorption and desorption, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the system. Figure 6 As shown, the system includes at least a solid hydrogen storage unit, a heat pump unit, and a cold / heat storage unit. Specifically: The solid-state hydrogen storage unit at least comprises a hydrogen storage tank 9, a solid-state hydrogen storage material 20 enclosed in the hydrogen storage tank 9, and a heat exchange pipeline whose main body is arranged in the hydrogen storage tank 9 and connected to an external pipeline, and is used to release heat when hydrogen is absorbed and absorb heat when hydrogen is released; The heat pump unit at least includes an evaporator 1, a compressor 2, a condenser 3 and an expansion valve 4. The cold side of the evaporator 1, the compressor 2, the hot side of the condenser 3 and the expansion valve 4 are connected in sequence through pipelines to form a closed heat pump working medium circulation loop. The conversion of cold and heat is achieved through the circulation of the heat pump working medium, and corresponding cold or heat is provided according to the temperature requirement of the solid hydrogen storage unit. The cold storage / heat storage unit at least comprises a high and low temperature liquid storage tank 28, a low temperature driving pump 6, a high temperature driving pump 8, a third valve 22, a fourth valve 23, a fifth valve 24, a sixth valve 25, a seventh valve 26 and an eighth valve 27. The upper part of the high and low temperature liquid storage tank 28 is provided with at least a hot fluid inlet and a hot fluid outlet, and the lower part of the high and low temperature liquid storage tank 28 is provided with at least a cold fluid inlet and a cold fluid outlet, wherein: A low-temperature drive pump 6 and a fourth valve 23 are arranged on the pipeline at the outlet of the cold fluid. The outlet of the fourth valve 23 is provided with three branch pipelines. The first branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the hot fluid after passing through the cold side of the condenser 3. The second branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid hydrogen storage unit through the sixth valve 25. The third branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid hydrogen storage unit through the eighth valve 27. A high-temperature drive pump 8 and a third valve 22 are arranged on the pipeline at the hot fluid outlet. The outlet of the third valve 22 is provided with three branch pipelines. The first branch pipeline is connected to the cold fluid inlet after passing through the hot side of the evaporator 1, the second branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through the fifth valve 24, and the third branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through the seventh valve 26.

[0031] When the system is running, it first determines the working mode. According to the current state of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and user needs, it determines whether the system is currently in hydrogen absorption mode, hydrogen release mode or standby mode.

[0032] When the system is in hydrogen storage (hydrogen absorption) mode, Figure 7 As shown, the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is monitored and when its temperature exceeds a preset upper limit, the heat pump unit is started and the fourth valve 23, the sixth valve 25, and the seventh valve 26 are opened, the third valve 22, the fifth valve 24, and the eighth valve 27 are closed, and the low-temperature drive pump 6 is opened at the same time, so that the low-temperature liquid working fluid below the high and low-temperature liquid storage tank 28 passes through the fourth valve 23 and a part of it flows into the cold side of the condenser 3 to absorb heat and then flow into the high and low-temperature liquid storage tank 28 from the top and store the heat after the temperature rises, and the other part flows into the heat exchange pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank 9 through the sixth valve 25 to continuously provide coldness for the solid-state hydrogen storage material 20, and then enters the hot side of the evaporator 1 through the seventh valve 26 and flows into the bottom of the high and low-temperature liquid storage tank 28 after the temperature drops.

[0033] like Figure 8 As shown, when the system is in the hydrogen release mode, the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is monitored and when its temperature is lower than the preset lower limit, the heat pump unit is started and the third valve 22, the fifth valve 24, and the eighth valve 27 are opened, the fourth valve 23, the sixth valve 25, and the seventh valve 26 are closed, and the high-temperature drive pump 8 is opened at the same time, so that the high-temperature liquid working fluid above the high-temperature and low-temperature liquid storage tanks 28 flows into the hot side of the evaporator 1 after passing through the third valve 22 to absorb cold energy, and after the temperature is reduced, it flows into the bottom of the high-temperature and low-temperature liquid storage tank 28 and stores the cold energy, and the other part flows into the heat exchange pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank 9 through the fifth valve 24 to continuously provide heat for the solid-state hydrogen storage material 20, and then enters the cold side of the condenser 3 through the eighth valve 27 and flows into the top of the high-temperature and low-temperature liquid storage tank 28 after the temperature is increased.

[0034] When the system is in standby mode, the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is monitored in real time to keep it within the preset optimal operating temperature range, and the heat pump unit and cold / heat storage unit are started in time to adjust the temperature according to changes in ambient temperature.

[0035] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage, comprising at least a solid-state hydrogen storage unit, a heat pump unit, a cold storage / cooling unit and a heat storage / heating unit, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage unit comprises at least a hydrogen storage tank, a solid-state hydrogen storage material sealed in the hydrogen storage tank, and a heat exchange pipeline whose main body is arranged in the hydrogen storage tank and connected to an external pipeline, and is used to release heat when hydrogen is absorbed and absorb heat when hydrogen is released; The heat pump unit at least includes an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and an expansion valve. The cold side of the evaporator, the compressor, the hot side of the condenser and the expansion valve are connected in sequence through pipelines to form a closed heat pump working medium circulation loop. The conversion of cold and heat is achieved through the circulation of the heat pump working medium, and corresponding cold or heat is provided according to the temperature requirement of the solid hydrogen storage unit. The cold storage / cold supply unit is used to release cold energy during the hydrogen absorption process of the solid hydrogen storage unit and absorb and store the cold energy of the heat pump unit evaporator during the hydrogen release process, and at least includes a cryogenic liquid storage tank, a first control valve and a three-way valve I. The outlet of the cryogenic liquid storage tank is connected to the hot side inlet of the evaporator through a pipeline, and the hot side outlet of the evaporator is provided with two branch pipelines, wherein the first branch pipeline is provided with the first control valve and is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid hydrogen storage unit, the end of the second branch pipeline is connected to the first interface of the three-way valve I, the second interface of the three-way valve I is connected to the inlet of the cryogenic liquid storage tank through a pipeline, and the third interface of the three-way valve I is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid hydrogen storage unit through a pipeline; The heat storage / heat supply unit is used to release heat during the hydrogen release process of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and absorb and store the heat of the heat pump unit condenser during the hydrogen absorption process. It at least includes a high-temperature liquid storage tank, a second control valve and a three-way valve II. The outlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank is connected to the cold side inlet of the condenser through a pipeline. The cold side outlet of the condenser is provided with two branch pipelines, wherein the second valve is provided on the first branch pipeline and is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit, the end of the second branch pipeline is connected to the first interface of the three-way valve II, the second interface of the three-way valve II is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through a pipeline, and the third interface of the three-way valve II is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank through a pipeline.

2. The solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The system also includes a low-temperature driving pump for driving the circulation of liquid in the low-temperature liquid storage tank and a high-temperature driving pump for driving the circulation of liquid in the high-temperature liquid storage tank, and the number of the low-temperature driving pump and the high-temperature driving pump is one or more. When there are more than one, they are arranged in parallel or in series, and the driving pump is formed as a volumetric pump or a dynamic pump.

3. The solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage according to claim 2 is characterized in that: During the hydrogen absorption process of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit, it is first determined whether the temperature of the cryogenic liquid storage tank is lower than a preset upper limit temperature. When the temperature of the cryogenic liquid storage tank is lower than the preset upper limit temperature and sufficient cooling capacity is provided, the system operates in a hydrogen absorption mode with the heat pump stopped. When the temperature of the cryogenic liquid storage tank exceeds the preset upper limit temperature and sufficient cooling capacity is not provided, the system operates in a hydrogen absorption mode with the heat pump started, wherein: When the system operates in the hydrogen absorption mode of the heat pump shutdown, the compressor is turned off to put the heat pump unit in a shutdown state, the high-temperature drive pump is turned off and the low-temperature drive pump is started, the first valve is opened, the second valve is closed, the first interface of the three-way valve I is closed, the second interface and the third interface are opened, the first interface, the second interface and the third interface of the three-way valve II are all closed, and the low-temperature liquid working fluid in the low-temperature liquid storage tank enters the heat exchange pipeline of the solid hydrogen storage unit through the hot side of the evaporator and the first valve in turn, providing cold for the solid hydrogen storage material, and the heated liquid working fluid flows back to the low-temperature liquid storage tank through the three-way valve I; When the system operates in the hydrogen absorption mode of heat pump startup, the compressor is turned on to put the heat pump unit in the startup state, and the low-temperature drive pump and the high-temperature drive pump are started at the same time, the first valve is opened, the second valve is closed, the first interface of the three-way valve I is closed, the second interface and the third interface are opened, the first interface of the three-way valve II is closed, the second interface and the third interface are opened, the low-temperature liquid working medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank passes through the hot side of the evaporator and the temperature is reduced, and then enters the heat exchange pipeline of the solid hydrogen storage unit through the first valve to provide cold capacity for the solid hydrogen storage material, and the heated liquid working medium flows back to the low-temperature liquid storage tank through the three-way valve I; at the same time, the liquid working medium in the high-temperature liquid storage tank enters the cold side of the condenser to absorb heat, and then flows back to the high-temperature liquid storage tank through the three-way valve II for heat storage.

4. The solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage according to claim 2 is characterized in that: During the hydrogen release process of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit, it is first determined whether the temperature of the high-temperature liquid storage tank is higher than a preset lower limit temperature. When the temperature of the high-temperature liquid storage tank is higher than the preset lower limit temperature and there is sufficient heat to provide, the system operates in a hydrogen release mode with the heat pump shut down. When the temperature of the high-temperature liquid storage tank is lower than the preset lower limit temperature and there is not enough heat to provide, the system operates in a hydrogen release mode with the heat pump started, wherein: When the system operates in the hydrogen release mode of the heat pump shutdown, the compressor is turned off to put the heat pump unit in a shutdown state, the low-temperature drive pump is turned off and the high-temperature drive pump is started, the first valve is closed, the second valve is opened, the first interface, the second interface and the third interface of the three-way valve I are all closed, the first interface of the three-way valve II is closed, and the second interface and the third interface are opened, and the high-temperature liquid working fluid in the high-temperature liquid storage tank enters the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through the cold side of the condenser and the second valve in turn, providing heat for the solid-state hydrogen storage material, and the cooled liquid working fluid flows back to the high-temperature liquid storage tank through the three-way valve II; When the system operates in the hydrogen release mode of heat pump startup, the compressor is turned on to put the heat pump unit in the startup state, and the low-temperature drive pump and the high-temperature drive pump are started at the same time, the first valve is closed, the second valve is opened, the third interface of the three-way valve I is closed, the first interface and the second interface are opened, the first interface of the three-way valve II is closed, and the second interface and the third interface are opened, the high-temperature liquid working medium in the high-temperature liquid storage tank is heated up by passing through the cold side of the condenser, and then enters the heat exchange pipeline of the solid hydrogen storage unit through the second valve to provide heat for the solid hydrogen storage material, and the cooled liquid working medium flows back to the high-temperature liquid storage tank through the three-way valve II; at the same time, the liquid working medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank enters the hot side of the evaporator to absorb cold, and then flows back to the low-temperature liquid storage tank through the three-way valve I for cold storage.

5. The solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heat pump unit is a steam compression heat pump, an absorption heat pump, an adsorption heat pump, a steam jet heat pump or a thermoelectric heat pump, and its operating temperature is between -100°C and 650°C; the heat pump working fluid is one or more of refrigerant, argon, helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and air, and the working fluid state is liquid, gaseous, or a gas-liquid mixed state.

6. The solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the heat pump unit, the compressor is of piston, rotor, scroll, screw, centrifugal or axial flow type, with a pressure ratio of 3 to 20, and the number is 1 or more, which are arranged in parallel or in series when there are more than 1; the heat exchanger structure of the evaporator and condenser is shell and tube, sleeve and tube, plate, spiral plate or immersed.

7. The solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The low-temperature liquid storage tank and the high-temperature liquid storage tank are cylindrical, spherical or rectangular. When there are multiple liquid storage tanks, they are arranged in parallel, in series or a combination of the two. Both the high-temperature liquid storage tank and the low-temperature liquid storage tank need to adopt good insulation measures. Moreover, the operating temperature of the cold storage / cold supply unit and the heat storage / heat supply unit is between -100°C and 650°C.

8. A solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management method combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage, based on the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The thermal management method comprises: First, the working mode is judged. According to the current state of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and user needs, it is judged whether the system is currently in the hydrogen absorption mode of the heat pump shutdown, the hydrogen absorption mode of the heat pump startup, the hydrogen release mode of the heat pump shutdown, the hydrogen release mode of the heat pump startup, or the standby mode; When the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is in the process of hydrogen absorption and the temperature of the cryogenic liquid storage tank is lower than the preset upper limit temperature and has sufficient cooling capacity, the system operates in the hydrogen absorption mode of the heat pump shutdown. At this time, the compressor is turned off to put the heat pump unit in a shutdown state, the low-temperature drive pump is turned on and the high-temperature drive pump is turned off, and the first valve is opened, the second valve is closed, the first interface of the three-way valve I is closed, the second interface and the third interface thereof are opened, and the first interface, the second interface and the third interface of the three-way valve II are closed. The liquid working fluid in the cryogenic liquid storage tank enters the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit after passing through the evaporator and the first valve to provide cooling capacity for the solid-state hydrogen storage material, and the heated liquid working fluid flows back to the cryogenic liquid storage tank through the three-way valve I; When the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is in the process of hydrogen absorption and the temperature of the low-temperature liquid storage tank exceeds the preset upper limit temperature and there is not enough cold capacity to provide, the system operates in the hydrogen absorption mode of heat pump startup. At this time, the compressor is turned on to start the heat pump unit, and the low-temperature drive pump and the high-temperature drive pump are started at the same time, and the first valve is opened, the second valve is closed, the first interface of the three-way valve I is closed, and its second interface and third interface are opened, the second interface of the three-way valve II is closed, and its first interface and third interface are opened, and the liquid working medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is passed into the hot side of the evaporator and the temperature is reduced. Then, it enters the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through the first valve to provide cold capacity for the solid-state hydrogen storage material, and the heated liquid working medium flows back to the low-temperature liquid storage tank through the three-way valve I to achieve circulating cooling; at the same time, the liquid working medium in the high-temperature liquid storage tank is passed into the cold side of the condenser and absorbs heat, and then flows back to the high-temperature liquid storage tank through the three-way valve II for heat storage; When the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is in the process of dehydrogenation and the temperature of the high-temperature liquid storage tank is higher than the preset lower limit temperature and has sufficient heat to provide, the system operates in the dehydrogenation mode of the heat pump shutdown. At this time, the compressor is turned off to put the heat pump unit in a shutdown state, the high-temperature drive pump is turned on and the low-temperature drive pump is turned off, and the first valve is closed, the second valve is opened, the first interface, the second interface and the third interface of the three-way valve I are closed, the first interface of the three-way valve II is closed, and the second interface and the third interface thereof are opened. The liquid working fluid in the high-temperature liquid storage tank enters the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit after the condenser and the second valve to provide heat for the solid-state hydrogen storage material, and the cooled liquid working fluid flows back to the high-temperature liquid storage tank through the three-way valve II; When the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is in the process of dehydrogenation and the temperature of the high-temperature liquid storage tank is lower than the preset lower limit temperature and there is not enough heat to provide, the system operates in the dehydrogenation mode of the heat pump startup. At this time, the compressor is started to put the heat pump unit in the startup state, and the low-temperature drive pump and the high-temperature drive pump are started at the same time, and the first valve is closed, the second valve is opened, the third interface of the three-way valve I is closed, and the first interface and the second interface thereof are opened, the first interface of the three-way valve II is closed, and the second interface and the third interface thereof are opened. The liquid working medium in the high-temperature liquid storage tank is passed into the cold side of the condenser and the temperature is increased. Then, the liquid working medium enters the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through the second valve to provide heat for the solid-state hydrogen storage material. The cooled liquid working medium flows back to the high-temperature liquid storage tank through the three-way valve II. At the same time, the liquid working medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is passed into the hot side of the evaporator and absorbs the cold, and then flows back to the low-temperature liquid storage tank through the three-way valve I for cold storage. When the system is in standby mode, the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is monitored in real time to keep it within the preset optimal operating temperature range, and the heat pump unit, cold storage / cooling unit and heat storage / heating unit are started in time to adjust the temperature according to changes in ambient temperature.

9. A solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold / heat storage, comprising at least a solid-state hydrogen storage unit, a heat pump unit, and a cold / heat storage unit, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage unit comprises at least a hydrogen storage tank, a solid-state hydrogen storage material sealed in the hydrogen storage tank, and a heat exchange pipeline whose main body is arranged in the hydrogen storage tank and connected to an external pipeline, and is used to release heat when hydrogen is absorbed and absorb heat when hydrogen is released; The heat pump unit at least includes an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and an expansion valve. The cold side of the evaporator, the compressor, the hot side of the condenser and the expansion valve are connected in sequence through pipelines to form a closed heat pump working medium circulation loop. The conversion of cold and heat is achieved through the circulation of the heat pump working medium, and corresponding cold or heat is provided according to the temperature requirement of the solid hydrogen storage unit. The cold / heat storage unit comprises a high and low temperature liquid storage tank, a low temperature driving pump, a high temperature driving pump, a third valve, a fourth valve, a fifth valve, a sixth valve, a seventh valve and an eighth valve, a hot fluid inlet and a hot fluid outlet are provided at the upper part of the high and low temperature liquid storage tank, and a cold fluid inlet and a cold fluid outlet are provided at the lower part of the high and low temperature liquid storage tank, wherein: A low-temperature driving pump and a fourth valve are arranged on the pipeline at the outlet of the cold fluid, and the outlet of the fourth valve is provided with three branch pipelines, the first branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the hot fluid after passing through the cold side of the condenser, the second branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid hydrogen storage unit through the sixth valve, and the third branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid hydrogen storage unit through the eighth valve, A high-temperature drive pump and a third valve are arranged on the pipeline at the hot fluid outlet, and the outlet of the third valve is provided with three branch pipelines, the first branch pipeline is connected with the cold fluid inlet after passing through the hot side of the evaporator, the second branch pipeline is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through the fifth valve, and the third branch pipeline is connected with the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through the seventh valve.

10. A solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management method combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage, based on the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage according to claim 9, characterized in that: The thermal management method comprises: First, the working mode is determined. According to the current state of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and user needs, it is determined whether the system is currently in hydrogen absorption mode, hydrogen release mode or standby mode; When the system is in the hydrogen absorption mode, the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage unit is monitored and when the temperature exceeds the preset upper limit, the heat pump unit is started and the fourth valve, the sixth valve and the seventh valve are opened, the third valve, the fifth valve and the eighth valve are closed, and the low-temperature drive pump is started at the same time, so that the low-temperature liquid working medium below the high and low temperature liquid storage tank flows into the cold side of the condenser after passing through the fourth valve to absorb heat, and then flows into the high and low temperature liquid storage tank from the top and stores the heat after the temperature rises, and the other part flows into the heat exchange pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank through the sixth valve to continuously provide cold capacity for the solid hydrogen storage material, and then enters the hot side of the evaporator through the seventh valve and flows into the bottom of the high and low temperature liquid storage tank after the temperature drops; When the system is in the hydrogen release mode, the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage unit is monitored and when the temperature is lower than the preset lower limit, the heat pump unit is started and the third valve, the fifth valve and the eighth valve are opened, the fourth valve, the sixth valve and the seventh valve are closed, and the high-temperature drive pump is started at the same time, so that the high-temperature liquid working medium above the high-temperature and low-temperature liquid storage tank flows into the hot side of the evaporator after passing through the third valve to absorb cold energy and flow in from the bottom of the high-temperature and low-temperature liquid storage tank to store the cold energy after the temperature is lowered, and the other part flows into the heat exchange pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank through the fifth valve to continuously provide heat for the solid hydrogen storage material, and then enters the cold side of the condenser through the eighth valve and flows in from the top of the high-temperature and low-temperature liquid storage tank after the temperature is increased; When the system is in standby mode, the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is monitored in real time to keep it within the preset optimal operating temperature range, and the heat pump unit and cold / heat storage unit are started in time to adjust the temperature according to changes in ambient temperature.

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