Liquid crystal device and apparatus

Abstract

The invention discloses a liquid crystal device and device, and relates to the technical field of liquid crystal. The liquid crystal is positioned in the accommodating cavity; the electrodes comprise at least one first electrode and at least one second electrode, and the first electrodes and the second electrodes are located on the same supporting face and are arranged in a staggered mode at intervals in the first direction. According to the invention, the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged on the same supporting surface, and the spacing distance between the first electrode and the second electrode can be set in a smaller range, so that the spacing distance between the first electrode and the second electrode can be controlled in the smaller range on the premise of ensuring no short circuit; and an electrode structure with a small spacing is obtained. When the electric field of the electrode changes, the response speed of steering of the liquid crystal along with the change of the electric field can be effectively improved, and the liquid crystal can be applied to a high-efficiency and high-precision electromagnetic wave phaser.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of liquid crystal technology, and in particular to a liquid crystal device and apparatus. Background Art

[0002] Phase is one of the important characteristic parameters of electromagnetic waves, and the range of variation can be from 0 to 360 degrees. The regulation of phase variation has been a long-term hot topic in electromagnetic wave-related research. Commercial phase shifters focus on low cost and low power consumption. Among the various design technology principles of phase shifters, liquid crystal phase shifters based on liquid crystal display manufacturing technology have important value. Liquid crystal phase shifters have the advantages of easy design, continuously adjustable phase, low power consumption and low cost.

[0003] At present, the response time of microwave phase shifters using liquid crystal technology is a very important performance indicator. The response time of the phase shifter will affect the working efficiency of the entire system, especially in scenarios such as wireless base stations and satellite communications that require rapid phase changes. The response speed of the liquid crystal phase shifter depends largely on the distance between the electrodes. However, the current electrodes are mostly located on the upper and lower surfaces of the cavity where the liquid crystal is located. Due to the influence of the process and structure, the distance control between the electrodes cannot be refined, and errors are prone to cause short circuits, making the electrode spacing unable to meet the response speed requirements in various scenarios. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a liquid crystal device and apparatus, which can reduce the distance between positive and negative electrodes, increase the response speed of liquid crystal steering, and improve the working sensitivity of the liquid crystal device by arranging electrodes on the same supporting surface.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a liquid crystal device, comprising:

[0006] A housing having a receiving cavity;

[0007] Liquid crystal, located in the containing cavity;

[0008] The electrodes include at least one first electrode and at least one second electrode, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are located on the same supporting surface and are alternately arranged along a first direction.

[0009] The present application sets the first electrode and the second electrode on the same support surface, and the spacing distance between the first electrode and the second electrode can be set within a smaller range. Under the premise of ensuring that no short circuit occurs, the spacing distance between the first electrode and the second electrode can be controlled within a smaller range, thereby obtaining an electrode structure with a smaller spacing. When the electric field of the electrode changes, the response speed of the liquid crystal turning with the change of the electric field can be effectively improved, and it can be applied to a high-efficiency and high-precision electromagnetic wave phase shifter.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the liquid crystal and the electrodes are in contact or adjacent to each other, and each of the first electrodes and the adjacent second electrodes form a first driving structure, and the first driving structure is used to drive the molecules of the liquid crystal to turn in the same direction as the electric field through the electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the support surface includes a portion of the inner wall surface of the shell inside the accommodating cavity, or a portion of the outer wall surface of the shell outside the accommodating cavity. When the inner wall surface of the accommodating cavity is used as the support surface, the distance between the electrode and the liquid crystal molecules is close, and the liquid crystal turns quickly with the electrode electric field. When the outer wall surface is used as the support surface, the preparation is simpler, and the electrode does not need to be set inside the accommodating cavity.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the liquid crystal device also includes a support plate, the support plate is connected to the shell, the support surface includes one of the side surfaces of the support plate, liquid crystals can be arranged on both sides of the support plate, and the liquid crystals can be turned under the action of the electrode electric field.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the liquid crystal device also includes a transition structure for transmitting the electromagnetic wave signal to the electrode, so as to realize other forms of electromagnetic wave transmission structures to transmit electromagnetic waves to the cross electrodes in this embodiment, and the electromagnetic waves change phase under the action of liquid crystal steering.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the transition structure is located at one end of the electrode along the first direction; or, the transition structure includes two, and is located at the two ends of the electrode along the first direction. When the external structure connected to one or both ends of the liquid crystal device is a non-cross electrode structure,

[0015] In a possible implementation, the transition structure includes a first outer conductor, an inner conductor, and a second outer conductor, the second direction is a direction perpendicular to the first direction, the first outer conductor, the inner conductor, and the second outer conductor are sequentially arranged along the second direction, a first gap is provided between the first outer conductor and the inner conductor, and a second gap is provided between the inner conductor and the second outer conductor. The first outer conductor, the inner conductor, and the second outer conductor can be prepared simultaneously with the electrode, and a transition structure and an electrode with different functions are formed by etching and other processes, and the transition structure can reduce the loss of the transmitted electromagnetic wave signal.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the width of the inner conductor in the second direction is smaller than the width of the electrode in the second direction, so as to achieve transmission of electromagnetic wave signals to the cross electrodes and reduce the loss of transmitted electromagnetic wave signals.

[0017] In a possible implementation manner, a transition metal portion is provided between the inner conductor and the electrode, and along the second direction, a width of the transition metal portion is between a width of the inner conductor and a width of the electrode.

[0018] In a possible implementation, at least part of the first electrode at least partially overlaps with the adjacent second electrode along the first direction; and / or at least part of the second electrode at least partially overlaps with the adjacent first electrode along the first direction. Liquid crystal molecules flow between the overlapping parts, and the liquid crystal is at a position where the distance between adjacent electrodes is the smallest, and the turning speed is fast.

[0019] In a possible implementation, the housing includes a first substrate, a connecting frame, and a second substrate stacked in sequence, the connecting frame having a through hole, the connecting frame sealingly connects the first substrate and the second substrate, and the through hole constitutes at least part of the accommodating cavity. In this type of housing, an electrode layer can be prepared on the first substrate and / or the second substrate, and an accommodating cavity structure can be formed by connecting the frame.

[0020] In a possible implementation, the shell includes a slot body, and a slot cavity of the slot body constitutes the accommodating cavity. The shell with a slot body structure can save preparation materials in some scenarios and is conducive to the observation and replacement of the liquid crystal in the slot.

[0021] In a possible implementation, the liquid crystal device further includes a passivation layer, and the passivation layer is located between the liquid crystal and the electrode to separate the liquid crystal and the electrode. The passivation layer can protect the electrode from being oxidized and corroded.

[0022] In a possible implementation, the liquid crystal device further includes a liquid crystal orientation structure for restricting liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal to be arranged in the same direction, so that when the electrodes are not powered on, the liquid crystal molecules are uniformly arranged in an initial direction.

[0023] In a possible implementation, the liquid crystal alignment structure includes at least one of the following:

[0024] There are at least two liquid crystal alignment films located on opposite sides of the liquid crystal, and the liquid crystal alignment films are located between the liquid crystal and the inner wall surface of the housing;

[0025] A magnetic control structure, used for generating a magnetic field to form a second driving structure, wherein the second driving structure is used for driving the molecules of the liquid crystal to turn;

[0026] Alternatively, the electrode assembly includes a third electrode and a fourth electrode, which are located on opposite sides of the liquid crystal, and the third electrode and the fourth electrode form a third driving structure, and the third driving structure is used to drive the molecular steering of the liquid crystal.

[0027] In a possible implementation, the liquid crystal device further includes a controller, which is electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively, and is used to control the potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0028] In a possible implementation, the liquid crystal device includes a first bus, a first sub-line, a second bus, and a second sub-line, and the first bus and the second bus are electrically connected to the controller respectively;

[0029] One end of the first sub-line is electrically connected to the first bus, and the other end of the first sub-line is electrically connected to the first electrode in a one-to-one manner;

[0030] One end of the second sub-line is electrically connected to the second bus, and the other end of the second sub-line is electrically connected to the second electrode in a one-to-one manner.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the liquid crystal device includes a first sub-line and a second sub-line, one end of the first sub-line is electrically connected to the controller, and the other end of the first sub-line is electrically connected one-to-one to the first electrode; one end of the second sub-line is electrically connected to the controller, and the other end of the second sub-line is electrically connected one-to-one to the second electrode.

[0032] In a possible implementation manner, the liquid crystal device further includes a metal spacer, and the metal spacer is located between adjacent first electrodes and second electrodes.

[0033] In a second aspect, the present application provides a device, comprising any of the above-mentioned liquid crystal devices. In this embodiment,

[0034] In this embodiment and the following implementation, the first electrode and the second electrode of the liquid crystal device are arranged on the same supporting surface, and the spacing distance between the first electrode and the second electrode can be set within a relatively small range. Under the premise of ensuring that no short circuit occurs, the spacing distance between the first electrode and the second electrode can be controlled within a relatively small range, thereby obtaining an electrode structure with a relatively small spacing. When the electric field of the electrode changes, the response speed of the liquid crystal turning with the change of the electric field can be effectively improved, and it can be applied to a high-efficiency and high-precision electromagnetic wave phase shifter.

[0035] In a possible implementation, the device also includes a transmission unit, which is connected to the liquid crystal device, and the transmission unit is used to send and / or receive electromagnetic waves, and the liquid crystal device is used to adjust the angle of the electromagnetic wave beam sent and / or received by the transmission unit.

[0036] In a possible implementation, the device also includes an electromagnetic wave signal device, which is connected to the liquid crystal device, and the electromagnetic wave signal device includes an electromagnetic wave signal source and / or an electromagnetic wave receiving device, the electromagnetic wave signal source is used to send electromagnetic wave signals to the liquid crystal device, and the electromagnetic wave receiving device is used to receive the electromagnetic wave signal of the liquid crystal device after adjusting the angle.

[0037] In a possible implementation, the device further includes a modulation device, which is connected between the liquid crystal device and the electromagnetic wave signal device and is used to modulate the electromagnetic wave. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the state of the liquid crystal molecules provided by the embodiment of the present application when the electrodes are not powered;

[0040] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the state of the liquid crystal molecules when the electrodes are powered on, provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 4 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the shell structure provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 ;

[0042] Figure 5 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the shell structure provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 ;

[0043] Figure 6 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the shell structure provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 ;

[0044] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the electrode and transition structure provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the first substrate and the second substrate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Fig. 9 The support surface and electrode schematic diagram provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0047] Fig.10 The support surface and electrode schematic diagram provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0048] Fig.11 The support surface and electrode schematic diagram provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 3 ;

[0049] Fig.12 The support surface and electrode schematic diagram provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 4 ;

[0050] Fig.13 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the support plate and the electrode provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Fig.14 is a schematic diagram of a support plate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Fig.15 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application in which the electrode is located outside the accommodation cavity;

[0053] Fig.16 is a schematic diagram of a first electrode and a second electrode provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Fig.17 It is a schematic diagram of a transition structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Fig.18 It is a schematic diagram of the tank structure provided by the implementation method of the present application;

[0056] Fig.19 is a schematic diagram of a passivation layer provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Fig. 20 It is a schematic diagram of multiple electrodes provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Fig.21 It is a schematic diagram of the upper and lower distribution of two electrodes provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] Fig. 22 This is a schematic diagram of the initial arrangement direction of liquid crystals provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0060] Fig.23 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement direction of liquid crystal after the electrodes control the liquid crystal to turn according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0061] Fig.24 is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal alignment film provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0062] Fig.25 It is a schematic diagram of the magnetron structure provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0063] Fig.26 is a schematic diagram of an electrode assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0064] Fig. 27 It is a schematic diagram of electrode cross-connection provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0065] Fig.28This is a schematic diagram of the cross-interval connection of electrodes provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0066] Fig.29 It is a schematic diagram of independent cross-connection of electrodes provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] Fig.30 It is a schematic diagram of the shape of a cross-shaped electrode provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0068] Fig.31 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 ;

[0069] Fig.32 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 ;

[0070] Fig.33 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0071] The embodiments of the present application are described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0072] For ease of understanding, the English abbreviations and related technical terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are explained and described below.

[0073] It should be clear that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0074] The terms used in the embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present application. The singular forms "a", "said" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present application and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings.

[0075] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is only a description of the same field of the associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0076] It should be understood that the terms “first”, “second”, etc. used in the present application are only used for the purpose of distinguishing the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance, nor can they be understood as indicating or implying an order.

[0077] In the description of the present application, the terms "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0078] When used in this application, “within the range of…”, unless it is separately specified that an end value is not included, it is assumed that both end values ​​of the range are included. For example, in the range of 1 to 5, the two values ​​1 and 5 are included.

[0079] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, a conflicting connection or an integrated connection. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0080] The present application provides a liquid crystal device, which is mainly used in phase shifter-related equipment and can adjust the phase of the wave. It is widely used in radar, missile attitude control, accelerator, communication, instrumentation, music and other fields. In the coverage of mobile communication networks, the electrically adjustable antenna is one of the key devices for covering the network. The electrically adjustable antenna adjusts the downtilt angle through the internal core component phase shifter. At present, the phase shifter can change the propagation rate of the signal in the phase shifter through the internal medium, so that the signal flowing through the phase shifter output can form a continuous linear phase difference, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the downtilt angle through the phase shifter.

[0081] The present application proposes a liquid crystal-based reconfigurable phase shifter. The liquid crystal phase shifter adjusts the phase by utilizing the fact that the physical parameters of the liquid crystal material change under the influence of an electric field or a magnetic field, thereby affecting the phase of the electromagnetic wave transmitted therein.

[0082] See also Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the liquid crystal device is a complete structure based on the liquid crystal display technology process. With the support of various components, the required tunable structure is completed. The liquid crystal device 10 described in this application includes a shell 110, liquid crystal 120 and electrodes 130.

[0083] The housing 110 has a accommodating cavity 111, and the liquid crystal 120 is located in the accommodating cavity 111. The housing 110 can be an external structure that encloses the accommodating cavity 111, wherein the accommodating cavity 111 can be a closed cavity or an open cavity. The closed housing 110 encloses the closed accommodating cavity 111, and the liquid crystal 120 is located in the closed accommodating cavity 111. The liquid crystal device 10 can have more postures when in use, and the liquid crystal 120 in the accommodating cavity 111 will not leak even in a constantly fluctuating or flipping use environment. The open housing 110 can be a slot structure to form an unclosed accommodating cavity 111, and the accommodating cavity 111 has a notch. The liquid crystal device 10 under this structure can only work in one posture, but the liquid crystal 120 is exposed to the outside, which is more conducive to the observation of the state of the liquid crystal 120 and the replacement of the liquid crystal 120.

[0084] This embodiment takes the closed accommodating chamber 111 as an example. Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the housing 110 may include a first substrate 113, a connecting frame 114 and a second substrate 115, and the first substrate 113, the connecting frame 114 and the second substrate 115 are stacked. Among them, the connecting frame 114 can be a square frame structure, specifically matching the overall shape of the liquid crystal device. The connecting frame 114 has a through hole 1141, and the through hole 1141 is located between the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115, forming a receiving cavity 111 between the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115.

[0085] Among them, see Figure 4 As shown, the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115 can be in the shape of a flat plate, and a circle of sealant can be applied on the side of the first substrate 113 facing the second substrate 115, and then the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115 are pressed together, and the sealant adheres the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115 to fix the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115. After the sealant is cured, a connecting frame 114 between the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115 can be formed. The sealant can be applied into a square frame shape or a circular frame shape, and the internal space of the frame-shaped sealant constitutes a receiving cavity 111, and the shape of the receiving cavity 111 is determined according to the shape of the connecting frame 114.

[0086] It should be noted that in this embodiment and the following embodiments, the size of each component in the corresponding drawings does not limit the size of each component in this application. For example, in this embodiment, the heights of the first substrate 113, the connecting frame 114, and the second substrate 115 in the Z direction are substantially the same, but in actual products, the height of the first substrate 113 along the Z direction may be greater than the height of the connecting frame 114 along the Z direction, and the specific size of each component is subject to the actual situation.

[0087] In one embodiment, the spacing distance between the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115 may be in the micron level, and the spacing distance between the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115 may be several microns, so that the height of the connecting frame 114 in the Z direction may be in the micron level.

[0088] In one embodiment, the connecting frame 114 may be a connecting frame structure, and specifically may be made of the same material as the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115, such as ceramic, quartz, glass fiber, and polymer materials. In one embodiment, the connecting frame 114 may be made of a flexible material. The connecting frame 114 may be in a square frame shape or a round frame shape, and the shape of the connecting frame 114 may not be limited. The connecting frame 114 is sealed and connected to the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115 respectively, and the connection may be sealed by a sealing gasket, and the fixed connection between the first substrate 113, the connecting frame 114, and the second substrate 115 may be achieved by screws, rivets, or an external clamping structure.

[0089] In one embodiment, the connection frame 114 and the first substrate 113 may be an integral structure, or the connection frame 114 and the second substrate 115 may be an integral structure. Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment takes the connecting frame 114 and the second substrate 115 as an example of an integrated structure, the second substrate 115 and the connecting frame 114 constitute a groove structure with a groove, the first substrate 113 is buckled on the notch of the groove formed by the second substrate 115 and the connecting frame 114, and the first substrate 113 and the connecting frame 114 are sealed and fixedly connected to form a closed accommodating cavity 111.

[0090] In one embodiment, the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115 may be non-flat structures, and the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115 may be concave groove structures, and may be spherical groove bodies or square groove bodies. Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment takes the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115 having a square trough shape as an example, wherein Figure 6 The groove of the first substrate 113 is not shown, and the through hole 1141 of the connecting frame 114 is combined with the inner groove cavity 1151 of the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115 to form the accommodating cavity 111.

[0091] In one embodiment, the liquid crystal 120 is filled in the receiving cavity 111. In various embodiments, the liquid crystal 120 may include, but is not limited to, nematic liquid crystal, smectic liquid crystal, and cholesteric liquid crystal. Nematic phases are commonly used in tunable electronic devices because the phases generally have attractive properties, such as a large tuning range and low loss. However, it should be understood that although some embodiments disclosed herein use nematic liquid crystals, other embodiments may also utilize other phases of liquid crystals. Therefore, the liquid crystal 120 used in various embodiments herein is a single liquid crystal compound or a liquid crystal mixture comprising two or more single liquid crystal compounds. In other other embodiments, other liquid crystal compounds can also be used.

[0092] See also Figure 7 As shown, the electrode 130 includes a first electrode 131 and a second electrode 132 . The number of the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 can be one or more. This embodiment takes a plurality of first electrodes 131 and a plurality of second electrodes 132 as an example.

[0093] The first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 are both located on the same support surface 112. The support surface 112 may be located inside the accommodating cavity 111. For example, the support surface 112 is a partial inner wall surface of the housing 110 in the accommodating cavity 111. Figure 4 As shown, the support surface 112 is the inner wall surface of the second substrate 115 facing the accommodating cavity 111, and the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 are both located on the support surface 112. In this embodiment, the support surface 112 may be a plane.

[0094] In one embodiment, the support surface 112 may also be a portion of the outer wall surface of the housing 110 outside the accommodating cavity 111. For example, the support surface 112 may be Figure 3 On the outer wall surface of the second substrate 115 facing the opposite Z direction, the electrode 130 is located outside the accommodating cavity 111 at this time, and the electric field generated by the electrode 130 can pass through the liquid crystal 120 to drive the liquid crystal molecules to turn. In this embodiment, the second substrate 115 can be a structure with a smaller thickness in the Z direction, so that the electrode 130 can be as close to the liquid crystal 120 as possible. It should be noted that the electrode 130 and the liquid crystal 120 described in this embodiment are adjacent, which means that the electrode 130 and the liquid crystal 120 are not in direct contact, but the electrode 130 is set close to the liquid crystal 120, and the electric field generated by the electrode 130 can pass through the liquid crystal 120 and can drive the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120 to turn.

[0095] See also Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 on the support surface 112 is shown. The first direction is Figure 7The direction where the X-axis is located can be the positive direction of the X-axis or the reverse direction of the X-axis. A plurality of first electrodes 131 and a plurality of second electrodes 132 are arranged in an interlaced manner along the first direction. The interlaced arrangement means that a first electrode 131 is adjacent to a second electrode 132 in the X direction, the second electrode 132 is adjacent to another first electrode 131 in the X direction, and the first electrode 131 is adjacent to another second electrode 132 in the X direction, and the interlaced arrangement of the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 is formed alternately in sequence. Also, there is a certain interval between adjacent first electrodes 131 and second electrodes 132, so that any adjacent first electrodes 131 and second electrodes 132 constitute a first driving structure, and the first driving structure can generate a certain electric field, which passes through the liquid crystal 120 in the accommodating cavity 111 to drive the molecular steering of the liquid crystal 120.

[0096] See also Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 1 is a schematic diagram of the state of the liquid crystal when the electrode 130 is not powered. When the electrode 130 is not powered, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120 are arranged in a vertical direction, or the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120 are arranged irregularly in multiple directions (when the electrode 130 is not powered, the liquid crystal can be arranged irregularly without being subjected to other forces. In this embodiment, Figure 2 Only a state different from the state when the electrode 130 is powered is shown, and it is not limited to the state when the electrode 130 is not powered. Figure 2 Direction as shown). See Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown, the electrode 130 is energized and an electric field is generated between the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132. Under the regulation of the voltage of the electrode 130, the axis of the liquid crystal molecules is deflected and tends to be parallel to the direction of the electric field lines. When the maximum deflection amount is reached, the liquid crystal molecules are presented in a form that is basically parallel to the electrode 130 (arranged along the X direction between adjacent positive electrodes and negative electrodes). The changes in physical properties can affect the phase of the electromagnetic wave.

[0097] In one embodiment, when preparing a phase shifter, parameters such as the structure inside the phase shifter can be adjusted, such as setting different spacings between the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132, so that different phase shifters can have different performance parameters. By using some reconstruction methods during preparation, the operating frequency, phase, gain and other indicators of devices such as phase shifters can be different, which can be applied to reconfigurable antenna systems.

[0098] In one embodiment, there may be more than one first electrode 131 between two adjacent second electrodes 132, for example, a partial area of ​​the electrode 130 is arranged in the manner of second electrode 132-first electrode 131-first electrode 131-second electrode 132, which also belongs to the staggered arrangement described in the present application. Similarly, there may be more than one second electrode 132 between two adjacent first electrodes 131, for example, a partial area of ​​the electrode 130 is arranged in the manner of first electrode 131-second electrode 132-second electrode 132-first electrode 131, which also belongs to the staggered arrangement described in the present application. The staggered arrangement described in the present application refers to the presence of at least one second electrode 132 between two first electrodes 131 in the electrode 130, or the presence of at least one first electrode 131 between two second electrodes 132, forming a spacing structure between the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132, so that an electric field can be generated between the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132. In a partial region of the electrode 130 , there may be two or more adjacent first electrodes 131 , or there may be two or more adjacent second electrodes 132 .

[0099] In one embodiment, there may be only one first electrode 131 and one second electrode 132, and one first electrode 131 and one second electrode 132 are arranged along the first direction, and there is a certain interval between the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132, forming a structure in which the first electrodes 131 and the first electrodes 131 are arranged in an interval and staggered manner.

[0100] In one embodiment, the electrode 130 can be formed by etching a copper coating on the surface. A copper layer can be deposited or electroplated on the support surface 112, and the copper layer can be a long strip extending along the X direction. Then, through etching and other processes, a space extending along the Y direction is etched on the copper layer, and the space divides the copper layer into multiple copper sheets. Different electrical control lines are connected to different copper sheets to form the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 arranged in an interlaced manner.

[0101] In one embodiment, the plurality of first electrodes 131 on the same support surface 112 may have different shapes and sizes. Figure 7 Only one implementation of the first electrode 131 is exemplarily shown, wherein the first electrodes 131 are all in the shape of long strips, and the sizes and shapes of the first electrodes 131 are the same. In actual products, the shapes and sizes of the first electrodes 131 may be different. For example, different first electrodes 131 in the same liquid crystal device 10 may all be in the shape of long strips, but the lengths of the long strips in the Y direction may not be completely the same, and the widths in the X direction may not be completely the same, and the heights in the Z direction may not be completely the same. The shape and size of the first electrode 131 may not be specifically limited.

[0102] In one embodiment, the plurality of second electrodes 132 on the same support surface 112 may have different shapes and sizes. Figure 7 Only one implementation of the second electrode 132 is exemplarily shown, wherein the second electrodes 132 are all in the shape of long strips, and the second electrodes 132 have the same size and shape. In actual products, the shapes and sizes of the second electrodes 132 may be different. For example, different second electrodes 132 in the same liquid crystal device 10 may all be in the shape of long strips, but the lengths of the long strips in the Y direction may not be completely the same, and the widths in the X direction may not be completely the same, and the heights in the Z direction may not be completely the same. The shape and size of the second electrodes 132 may not be specifically limited.

[0103] In one embodiment, at least a portion of the first electrode 131 and at least a portion of the second electrode 132 on the same support surface 112 may have different shapes and sizes. Figure 7 Only one implementation of the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 is exemplarily shown, wherein the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 are both in the shape of long strips, and all the first electrodes 131 and the second electrodes 132 have the same size and shape. Figure 7 The electrode 130 shown in the figure may be prepared by first depositing or electroplating a copper layer, the copper layer being in the form of a long strip extending in the X direction, and the width of the copper layer in the Y direction being consistent, so as to form a rectangular copper layer, and then etching is performed to form a rectangular strip interval along the Y direction, so as to form a first electrode 131 and a second electrode 132 of the same shape and size. In an actual product, at least part of the first electrode 131 and at least part of the second electrode 132 may have different shapes and sizes. For example, the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 in the same liquid crystal device 10 may both be in the form of long strips, but the lengths of the long strips of the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 in the Y direction are not completely the same, and the widths in the X direction may not be completely the same, and the heights in the Z direction may not be completely the same. The shapes and sizes of the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 may not be specifically limited.

[0104] In the present application, the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 both have a certain thickness in the Z direction, and an overlapping area with a projection in the X direction is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the liquid crystal molecules between the electrodes undergo physical changes under the influence of the electric field. In the present application, the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 are arranged on the same supporting surface 112, and the spacing distance between the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 can be set within a smaller range. Under the premise of ensuring that no short circuit occurs, the spacing distance between the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 can be controlled within a smaller range, and an electrode structure with a smaller spacing is obtained. When the electric field of the electrode 130 changes, the response speed of the liquid crystal 120 turning with the change of the electric field can be effectively improved, and it can be applied to a high-efficiency and high-precision electromagnetic wave phase shifter.

[0105] The working process of the liquid crystal device described in the present application for the phase shifter includes: the liquid crystal device can be connected to the system where the phased array antenna is located, microwaves are input from a port at one end and output from a port at the other end, and the propagation direction of the microwaves can be Figure 7 The X direction is shown. The electrical control signal is connected to the electrode through the electrical control line. The electrical signal causes the liquid crystal molecules arranged in the Z or Y direction between and near the electrodes to deflect from the X direction, and the physical relative dielectric constant changes. The amount of change is regulated by the strength of the electrical signal. The microwave signal propagates in the liquid crystal material. Because the change in the dielectric constant causes the propagation constant to change, the output phase of the phase shifter is regulated by the electrical signal. Multiple independently working phase shifters in the system change the phase of the microwave signal radiated by the unit antenna. The phase distribution control on the radiation surface of the phased array antenna can achieve the desired beam pointing.

[0106] The electrodes and connecting lines in this embodiment are all arranged in the same plane, which can be the inner wall surface of one substrate. The inner wall surface of the other substrate is not provided with metal patterns and electrode lines. Therefore, the requirement for the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of this application is very small, and the response speed is not related to the spacing between the two substrates, but is related to the spacing between the cross-distributed first electrode and the second electrode. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer can be allowed to take a smaller value, for example, the minimum thickness can be 5 microns.

[0107] In one embodiment, the phase regulation in the present application is mainly based on the liquid crystal between the planar and cross-distributed first electrode and the second electrode, which reduces the requirements for the uniformity of the liquid crystal thickness. The thickness of the liquid crystal does not need to be set too thick and can save liquid crystal material.

[0108] The support and sealing structure between the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115 is not limited to using a connecting frame, and an external coating method can also be used to achieve a sealing effect. Figure 8As shown, the spacing distance between the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115 can be in the micron level. By setting a sealing plate 117, the sealing plate 117 is fixedly connected to the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115 respectively, and the sealing plate 117 is set outside the spacing gap between the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115. The sealing plate 117 seals the gap between the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115 to form a accommodating cavity 111.

[0109] In one embodiment, see Figure 8 As shown, the electrode 130 may contact both the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115 to support the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115 through the electrode 130. Along the X direction, the electrode 130 may include spaced first and second electrodes, and liquid crystal may flow between the first and second electrodes.

[0110] In some possible implementations, the support surface 112 may be non-planar, see Fig. 9 As shown, Fig. 9 A step-shaped support surface 112 is shown. The support surface 112 includes a first support surface 112a and a second support surface 112b. The height of the first support surface 112a in the Z direction may be higher than the height of the second support surface 112b in the Z direction, so that a step structure is formed between the first support surface 112a and the second support surface 112b. The first electrode 131 may be located on the first support surface 112a, and the second electrode 132 may be located on the second support surface 112b.

[0111] In one embodiment, see Fig.10 As shown, the support surface 112 in this embodiment is a discontinuous plane. The support surface 112 may include a plurality of third support surfaces 112c, and a spacing groove 113d is provided between adjacent third support surfaces 112c. The first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 are respectively located on the plurality of spaced third support surfaces 112c and are arranged alternately.

[0112] In this embodiment, the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 can be prepared by the following method: first, an electrode layer is prepared on an overall planar support surface 112. The electrode layer can be a copper layer in the shape of an overall rectangular sheet. A plurality of grooves extending along the Y direction are prepared by turning and other processes along the Y axis to form Fig.10A spacing groove is formed between the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132, and the spacing groove separates the electrode 130 into a plurality of sub-electrodes, and different signal lines are connected to the sub-electrodes to form the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 arranged in an interlaced manner. This method is simple to prepare, and the control accuracy of processes such as turning is high. It can form a smaller spacing distance between the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132, and the error between the formed spacing distance and the preset distance value is small, thereby improving the response speed and response accuracy of the liquid crystal turning with the change of the electrodes.

[0113] In one embodiment, the height of the first support surface 112a may be different, and the height of the second support surface 112b may be different. The height values ​​of at least part of the first support surface 112a and at least part of the second support surface 112b in the Z direction may be the same or different.

[0114] In one embodiment, see Fig.11 As shown, the support surface 112 may be a wavy curved surface with an undulating shape. The first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 may be arranged alternately on the wavy support surface 112 along a first direction (parallel to the direction of the X axis). In this embodiment, the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 may be in the form of an arc sheet to fit the wavy support surface 112.

[0115] In one embodiment, see Fig.12 As shown, in this embodiment, the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 are on the planar support surface 112 as an example, and the adjacent first electrodes 131 and the second electrodes 132 may have a certain stagger in the Z direction. In this embodiment, the first electrodes 131 and the second electrodes 132 are still arranged alternately along the first direction (Z direction). In this embodiment, the shape of the support surface 112 is not limited, and can be any one or a combination of the stepped surface, the interval surface, and the wavy curved surface in the above embodiments.

[0116] In some possible implementations, see Fig.13 and Fig.14 As shown, Fig.13 A schematic diagram showing a supporting surface 112 located in the middle of the accommodating cavity 111 is shown. Fig.14 A schematic structural diagram of a support plate 150 is shown.

[0117] The liquid crystal device further includes a support plate 150, which may be located inside the receiving cavity 111, and liquid crystals 120 are disposed on both sides of the support plate 150. Fig.13 As shown, the support plate 150 may be located between the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115 , and divide the accommodating cavity 111 into two parts in the direction of the Z axis.

[0118] The side surface of the support plate 150 located on one side in the Z direction may be a support surface 112, and the electrode layers 130 arranged in an interlaced manner at intervals may be arranged on the support surface 112. Alternatively, the side surface of the support plate 150 located on the side in the opposite Z direction may be a support surface 112, and the electrode layers 130 arranged in an interlaced manner at intervals may be arranged on the support surface 112. Alternatively, both side surfaces of the support plate 150 located in the Z direction and the opposite Z direction may be support surfaces 112, and the electrode layers 130 arranged in an interlaced manner at intervals are arranged on the support surface 112, and there are at least two electrode layers 130, which are respectively located on one side in the Z direction and one side in the opposite Z direction of the support plate 150.

[0119] The side surfaces of the support plate 150 may all be support surfaces 112, and the support surfaces 112 are in contact with or adjacent to the liquid crystal 120. In one embodiment, only the side surface of the support plate 150 located on one side in the Z direction is the support surface 112, and the electrode 130 is disposed on the support surface 112. The support plate 150 is located in a portion of the accommodating cavity 111 located on one side in the Z direction and a portion of the accommodating cavity 111 located on the opposite side in the Z direction, and at least one of the accommodating cavities 111 is provided with the liquid crystal 120.

[0120] In one embodiment, only the side surface of the support plate 150 located on the opposite Z direction is the support surface 112, and the electrode 130 is provided on the support surface 112. The support plate 150 is located in a partial accommodating cavity 111 on the opposite Z direction and a partial accommodating cavity 111 on the opposite Z direction, and at least one accommodating cavity 111 is provided with a liquid crystal 120.

[0121] In one embodiment, the two side surfaces of the support plate 150 located on the Z direction and the opposite Z direction are both support surfaces 112, electrodes 130 are provided on the two support surfaces 112, and the support plate 150 is located in a partial accommodating cavity 111 on the opposite Z direction and a partial accommodating cavity 111 on the opposite Z direction, and liquid crystal 120 is provided in at least one accommodating cavity 111.

[0122] In one embodiment, see Fig.13 and Fig.14 As shown, the support plate 150 may be provided with a connecting hole 151. The number of the connecting holes 151 is not limited, and may be one or more. The shape of the connecting hole 151 is also not limited, and may be square, circular or triangular. Fig.14 Take the square communicating hole 151 shown in FIG. 1 as an example.

[0123] The location of the connecting hole 151 and the location of the electrode 130 are avoided so that the electrode 130 is completely disposed on the support surface 112, thereby improving the connection firmness between the electrode 130 and the support surface 112. Fig.14As shown, in this embodiment, the electrode 130 is located at a position close to the midline of the support plate 150, and the communication hole 151 is located on opposite sides of the support plate 150 in the Y direction and the reverse Y direction. The communication hole 151 allows the liquid crystal 120 on both sides of the support plate 150 in the Z direction and the reverse Z direction to pass through, and the liquid crystal 120 can flow between the two parts of the accommodating cavity 111.

[0124] In some embodiments, the support plate 150 may also be located outside the accommodating cavity 111 , and the support plate 150 is an independent plate outside the shell 110 . The shell 110 is used to form the accommodating cavity 111 , and the support plate 150 is not used to form the accommodating cavity 111 .

[0125] In some possible implementations, see Fig.15 As shown, the housing 110 may include a first substrate 113, a connecting frame 114 and a second substrate 115, which are stacked. The connecting frame 114 may be a square frame structure with a through hole 1141, which is located between the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115, forming a receiving cavity 111 between the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115.

[0126] The support surface 112 may include a portion of the outer wall of the housing 110 outside the accommodating cavity 111 and a portion of the outer wall of the second substrate 115. The outer wall is located outside the accommodating cavity 111, for example, Fig.15 On the side surface on the Z-opposite side as shown in , the electrode 130 is located outside the accommodation cavity 111. The electric field generated by the electrode 130 can cover the liquid crystal 120 in the accommodation cavity 111, and the liquid crystal 120 can turn under the action of the electric field.

[0127] In some embodiments, see Fig.16 As shown, the first electrodes 131 and the second electrodes 132 are arranged alternately along the first direction. Fig.16 Parallel to the direction of the X-axis.

[0128] Wherein, at least part of the first electrode 131 at least partially overlaps with the adjacent second electrode 132 along the first direction. At least part of the projection of the first electrode 131 along the X direction at least partially overlaps with the second electrode 132. In this embodiment, refer to Fig.16 As shown, among the four first electrodes 131, the projections of three first electrodes 131 along the X direction completely overlap with their corresponding adjacent second electrodes 132. The support surface 112 is a flat plane, and the first electrodes 131 and the second electrodes 132 have the same height, and the first electrodes 131 and the second electrodes 132 have the same shape and size in the YZ plane projection.

[0129] In some non-planar support surfaces 112, see Fig. 9 As shown, the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 are located on the non-planar support surface 112, and the height of the second electrode 132 in the Z direction can be greater than the height difference between the first support surface 112a and the second support surface 112b in the Z direction, so that the protruding portion of the second electrode 132 in the Z direction and the first electrode 131 can pass through the same plane, and the plane can be parallel to the XY plane. The projection of the first electrode 131 in the X direction at least partially overlaps with the adjacent second electrode 132.

[0130] In one embodiment, at least a portion of the second electrode 132 at least partially overlaps with the adjacent first electrode 131 along the first direction. The projection of at least a portion of the second electrode 132 along the X direction at least partially overlaps with the first electrode 131. In this embodiment, refer to Fig.16 As shown, the projections of the three second electrodes 132 along the X direction completely overlap with their corresponding adjacent first electrodes 131, the supporting surface 112 is a flat plane, and the heights of the first electrodes 131 and the second electrodes 132 are the same, and the shapes and sizes of the projections of the first electrodes 131 and the second electrodes 132 on the YZ plane are the same.

[0131] In some non-planar support surfaces 112, see Fig. 9 As shown, the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 are located on the non-planar support surface 112, and the height of the second electrode 132 in the Z direction can be greater than the height difference between the first support surface 112a and the second support surface 112b along the Z direction, so that at least the portion of the second electrode 132 protruding in the Z direction is on the same plane as the first electrode 131, and the plane can be an XY plane. The projection of the second electrode 132 along the X direction at least partially overlaps with the adjacent first electrode 131.

[0132] In some possible implementations, see Figure 7 As shown, the liquid crystal device also includes a transition structure 160, and the transition structure 160 is used to transmit the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted from the outside to the electrode 130. In the present application, the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 are alternately arranged at intervals to form a cross electrode. When the front-end electromagnetic wave transmission device or the rear-end electromagnetic wave transmission device of the liquid crystal device adopts other transmission structures, the transition structure 160 can transition the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the non-crossed electrode to the electrode 130 of the cross-spaced structure described in the present application. Alternatively, the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the electrode 130 of the cross-spaced structure is transitioned to the non-crossed electrode at the rear end.

[0133] In one embodiment, the transition structure 160 is located at one end of the electrode 130 along the first direction. Figure 7As shown, the transition structure 160 can be located at one end of the electrode 130 in the opposite direction of X, or at one end of the electrode 130 in the X direction. The transition structure 160 can also be provided at both one end of the electrode 130 in the X direction and one end in the opposite direction of X.

[0134] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 7 As shown, transition structures 160 are provided at both the X-direction end and the X-opposite end of the electrode 130. Electromagnetic waves can be transmitted from the transition structure 160 at the X-opposite end to the electrode 130 at the external input interface, and the liquid crystal turns under the electric field of the electrode 130, thereby changing the phase of the electromagnetic wave, and the electromagnetic wave is then transmitted to the external output interface through the transition structure 160 at the X-direction end.

[0135] In some embodiments, see Figure 7 As shown, the transition structure 160 includes a first outer conductor 161, an inner conductor 162, and a second outer conductor 163. The second direction is a direction perpendicular to the first direction. The second direction can be Figure 7 The first outer conductor 161, the inner conductor 162 and the second outer conductor 163 are sequentially arranged in a spaced relationship along the second direction, and a first gap 164 is provided between the first outer conductor 161 and the inner conductor 162, and a second gap 165 is provided between the second outer conductor 163 and the inner conductor 162.

[0136] The width of the inner conductor 162 in the second direction (parallel to the Y-axis direction) is smaller than the width of the electrode 130 in the second direction. The electrode 130 may include a plurality of first electrodes 131 and a second electrode 132, and the widths of the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 in the second direction are different, the widths of the plurality of first electrodes 131 in the second direction may also be different, and the widths of the plurality of second electrodes 132 in the second direction may also be different. In this embodiment, the width of the inner conductor 162 in the second direction is smaller than the smallest width of the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 in the second direction.

[0137] It should be noted that Figure 7 The transition structure 160 located on one side of the electrode 130 in the X direction is the same as the transition structure 160 located on the opposite side of the electrode 130 in the X direction, and also includes a first outer conductor 161, an inner conductor 162 and a second outer conductor 163 arranged in sequence along the second direction.

[0138] The transition structures 160 at both ends of the electrode 130 are identical in structural composition and arrangement, but in the two transition structures 160 at both ends, the shapes and sizes of the first outer conductor 161, the inner conductor 162 and the second outer conductor 163 may be different.

[0139] The transmission line mode of the liquid crystal device port is not limited to the coplanar waveguide form described in this embodiment, and can also be a slot line, a microstrip line or a coplanar waveguide with a ground, etc., which can realize the transition from other transmission modes to a periodic unit structure of a cross electrode.

[0140] In one embodiment, see Figure 7 As shown, a transition metal portion 166 may be provided between the inner conductor 162 and the electrode 130, and the width of the transition metal portion 166 along the second direction is between the width of the inner conductor 162 along the second direction and the width of the electrode 130 along the second direction. The electrode 130 may include a plurality of first electrodes 131 and a second electrode 132, and the widths of the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 in the second direction are different, the widths of the plurality of first electrodes 131 in the second direction may also be different, and the widths of the plurality of second electrodes 132 in the second direction may also be different. In this embodiment, the width of the transition metal portion 166 in the second direction is smaller than the smallest width of the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 in the second direction.

[0141] The transition structure 160 described in this embodiment can reduce the loss of electromagnetic wave signals, so that the electromagnetic waves pass through the electrodes 130 with a smaller loss. The liquid crystal material between the electrodes 130 undergoes physical characteristic changes as the electrical signal changes, and the electromagnetic waves undergo phase shifting under the action of the liquid crystal 120.

[0142] In one embodiment, the first outer conductor 161, the inner conductor 162, the second outer conductor 163 and the transition metal part 166 can be realized together with the electrode 130 through a copper plating process. A copper layer is deposited on the support surface 112, and then a designed pattern shape is processed by etching and other processes to separate the copper layer into the required first outer conductor 161, inner conductor 162, second outer conductor 163, transition metal part 166 and electrode 130, and the corresponding copper layer is connected to the electrical control line to realize the functions of the electrode 130 and the like.

[0143] In one embodiment, see Fig.17 As shown, the inner conductor 162 may include a first inner conductor 162a and a second inner conductor 162b. The first inner conductor 162a has a smaller width in the Y direction. Fig.17 The width of the first inner conductor 162 a in the Y direction is much smaller than the width of the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 in the Y direction.

[0144] The second inner conductor 162b is triangular-shaped, and the second inner conductor 162b and the first inner conductor 162a are an integrated structure. Along the X direction, the width of the second inner conductor 162 in the Y direction gradually increases, the width at one end in the opposite direction of the X direction is equal to the width of the first inner conductor 162a, and the width at one end in the X direction is close to the width of the first electrode 131 (the widths of the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 are equal).

[0145] Furthermore, the side surface of the first outer conductor 161 facing the inner conductor 162 may be a curved surface, so that the distance between the first outer conductor 161 and the inner conductor 162 may be inconsistent. The side surface of the second outer conductor 163 facing the inner conductor 162 may be a curved surface, so that the distance between the second outer conductor 163 and the inner conductor 162 may be inconsistent.

[0146] In some possible implementations, see Fig.18 As shown, the housing 110 includes a slot body 116 , and the slot body 116 has a slot cavity 1163 , and the slot cavity 1163 constitutes the accommodating cavity 111 .

[0147] The tank body 116 includes a bottom plate 1161 and a side plate 1162. The bottom plate 1161 constitutes the bottom of the tank cavity 1163, and the side plate 1162 constitutes the side enclosure of the tank cavity 1163. The bottom plate 1161 and the side plate 1162 can be an integrated structure or a split structure. When the bottom plate 1161 and the side plate 1162 are a split structure, the bottom plate 1161 and the side plate 1162 are sealed and fixedly connected to prevent the liquid crystal from leaking in the tank cavity 1163.

[0148] In some use environments, the liquid crystal device can be fixed on a certain platform, and will not shake or flip during operation. The liquid crystal 120 works in a relatively stable state, and even a slight shake will not cause the liquid crystal 120 to spill out from the top of the side plate 1162. The receiving cavity 111 in this embodiment can be an open cavity structure. The liquid crystal 120 is placed in the open receiving cavity 111, which can facilitate the replacement and status observation of the liquid crystal 120. In addition, the tank body 116 is also conducive to saving the materials used for the liquid crystal device and reducing the production cost of the liquid crystal device.

[0149] In some possible implementations, see Fig.19 As shown, when the electrode 130 of the liquid crystal device is located in the receiving cavity 111 , the liquid crystal device further includes a passivation layer 170 , which is disposed between the liquid crystal 120 and the electrode 130 to separate the liquid crystal 120 and the electrode 130 .

[0150] When preparing the liquid crystal device, the groove body 116 can be prepared first, and the electrode 130 can be prepared on the bottom surface of the groove body 116 (the bottom inner wall surface of the groove cavity 1163), and a transition structure ( Fig.19 A passivation layer 170 is formed above the electrode 130, the passivation layer 170 covers the entire electrode 130, and the passivation layer 170 also covers other areas of the support surface 112 where the electrode 130 and the transition structure are not provided, so that the bottom surface of the groove body 116 and the passivation layer 170 simultaneously wrap the electrode 130, and the electrode 130 is sealed and clamped between the passivation layer 170 and the bottom surface of the groove body 116; liquid crystal 120 is poured above the passivation layer 170.

[0151] The passivation layer 170 can include the electrode 130 in a relatively sealed space, so that the electrode 130 will not be in direct contact with the liquid crystal 120, and the electrode 130 will not be exposed to the external environment (such as an air environment containing oxygen), effectively isolating the electrode 130 from contact with oxygen and preventing oxidation of the electrode 130. In one embodiment, when the housing 110 is a closed structure, a passivation layer 170 can also be disposed between the electrode 130 and the liquid crystal 120 to protect the electrode 130.

[0152] In some possible implementations, see Fig. 20 As shown, when the housing 110 includes a slot body 116, the slot body 116 has a slot cavity 1163, and the slot cavity 1163 constitutes the accommodating chamber 111, a plurality of electrodes 130 arranged alternately and spaced apart can be disposed on the inner bottom wall of the slot body 116. Fig. 20 As shown, two electrodes 130 may be disposed on the support surface 112 , and the two electrodes 130 work together to adjust the direction of the liquid crystal (not shown in the figure).

[0153] In one embodiment, see Fig.21 As shown, when the housing 110 is a closed structure consisting of a first substrate 113, a connecting frame 114 and a second substrate 115, there may be two electrodes 130, and the two electrodes 130 may be located on the first substrate 113 at the same time, on the second substrate 115 at the same time, or on the first substrate 113 and the second substrate 115 respectively. For example, Fig.21 There are two middle electrodes 130 , one of which is located on the inner wall of the first substrate 113 , and the other of which is located on the inner wall of the second substrate 115 .

[0154] In one embodiment, the housing 110 may be a closed structure consisting of a first substrate 113, a connecting frame 114, and a second substrate 115, or an open structure consisting of a slot 116. There may be multiple electrodes 130, and the multiple electrodes 130 may all be located in the accommodating cavity 111; may all be located outside the accommodating cavity 111; or may be partially located in the accommodating cavity 111 and the other partially located outside the accommodating cavity 111.

[0155] The electric field formed by the electrode 130 can pass through the liquid crystal, and the liquid crystal can turn under the regulation of the electric field formed by the electrode 130 to achieve phase shift regulation of the transmitted electromagnetic wave.

[0156] In some possible implementations, see Fig. 22 and Fig.23 As shown, the liquid crystal device further includes a liquid crystal orientation structure 140, which is used to restrict the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120 to be arranged in the same direction, especially to restrict the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120 to be arranged in the same direction before the electrode 130 is powered on.

[0157] For example, see Fig. 22 As shown, Fig. 22 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement direction of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120 when the electrode 130 is not powered. The liquid crystal orientation structure 140 drives the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120 to be arranged along the vertical direction (the direction where the Z axis is located), so that the deflection direction of the liquid crystal 120 in the initial state.

[0158] See also Fig.23 As shown, Fig.23 The schematic diagram is a diagram of the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120 when the electrode 130 is powered on. After the electrode 130 is powered on, the driving force of the electric field generated to drive the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120 to turn is greater than the force of the liquid crystal orientation structure 140 on the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120 to limit the direction, so that the liquid crystal 120 can get rid of the limitation of the liquid crystal orientation structure 140 on the liquid crystal direction. Under the action of the electric field generated by the electrode 130, the liquid crystal 120 is arranged in the horizontal direction (the direction where the X axis is located) to shift the phase of the transmitted electromagnetic wave.

[0159] In one embodiment, see Fig. 22 and Fig.23 As shown, the liquid crystal orientation structure 140 includes a liquid crystal orientation film 141, which is located on the upper and lower sides of the liquid crystal 120 (one side in the Z direction and the side in the opposite Z direction), and the liquid crystal orientation film 141 is located between the liquid crystal 120 and the shell 110. Specifically, one of the liquid crystal orientation films 141 is located between the liquid crystal 120 and the inner wall surface of the first substrate 113, and the other liquid crystal orientation film 141 is located between the liquid crystal 120 and the inner wall surface of the second substrate 115.

[0160] The liquid crystal alignment film 141 can define the initial orientation of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120 through the structure. Fig.24 As shown, a plurality of orientation grooves 1411 are provided on the liquid crystal orientation film 141. The length of the orientation grooves 1411 along the Z direction is consistent with the length of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120. The liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120 can lie in the orientation grooves 1411 by themselves under the action of gravity, so that the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120 are all along the Z direction. Fig. 22 The Z direction arrangement in .

[0161] After the electrode 130 is energized to generate an electric field, the electric field can drive the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120 to be arranged in the horizontal direction, and the driving force is greater than the force of the liquid crystal molecules lying flat in the orientation groove 1411 under the action of gravity. Fig.23 The X direction arrangement in .

[0162] In one embodiment, see Fig.25 As shown, the liquid crystal orientation structure 140 may be a magnetron structure 142, which is used to generate a magnetic field to form a second driving structure, and the second driving structure is used to drive the molecular steering of the liquid crystal 120. The magnetron structure 142 may be arranged outside the housing 110 (located outside the accommodating cavity 111), or may be arranged inside the housing 110 (located inside the accommodating cavity 111). The magnetic field emitted by the magnetron structure 142 can pass through the liquid crystal 120 in the accommodating cavity 111, and can limit the liquid crystal 120 to be aligned uniformly along a certain initial direction. The setting position of the magnetron structure 142 may not be limited. This embodiment takes the magnetron structure 142 being located outside the housing 110 as an example, see Fig.25 As shown, the magnetron structure 142 may be disposed on an outer wall surface of the first substrate 113 , and the magnetron structure 142 may generate a magnetic field to limit an initial direction of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120 .

[0163] When the electrode 130 is not powered, the electrode 130 does not generate an electric field and does not restrict the direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120. The magnetic field generated by the magnetron structure 142 can drive the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120 to extend along the direction of the Z axis. Fig. 22 The liquid crystal molecules shown are arranged in the same direction.

[0164] After the electrode 130 is energized to generate an electric field, the electric field can drive the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120 to be arranged in the horizontal direction, and the driving force is greater than the force of the liquid crystal molecules deflecting along the Z-axis direction under the action of the magnetic field. Fig.25 The X direction arrangement in .

[0165] In one embodiment, the magnetron structure 142 may be a magnetic body such as a magnet, or an electromagnetic device, etc.

[0166] In one embodiment, see Fig.26 As shown, the liquid crystal alignment structure 140 may be an electrode assembly 143 , and the electrode assembly 143 includes a third electrode 1431 and a fourth electrode 1432 . The third electrode 1431 and the fourth electrode 1432 are located on opposite sides of the liquid crystal 120 .

[0167] See also Fig.26 As shown, in this embodiment, the third electrode 1431 is located on one side of the liquid crystal 120 along the Z direction, and the fourth electrode 1432 is located on one side of the liquid crystal 120 along the opposite Z direction.

[0168] In one embodiment, the third electrode 1431 may also be located on one side of the Y direction of the liquid crystal 120, and the fourth electrode 1432 may be located on the opposite side of the Y direction of the liquid crystal 120. The electric field generated by the third electrode 1431 and the fourth electrode 1432 may pass through the liquid crystal 120 to drive the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120 to be arranged uniformly along a certain initial direction. There is no specific limitation on the direction in which the third electrode 1431 and the fourth electrode 1432 are located on both sides of the liquid crystal 120.

[0169] The third electrode 1431 and the fourth electrode 1432 form a third driving structure, and the third driving structure is used to drive the molecules of the liquid crystal 120 to turn, specifically, to drive the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120 to turn uniformly in a certain direction.

[0170] When the electrode 130 is not powered, the electrode 130 does not generate an electric field and does not restrict the direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120. The electric field generated by the electrode assembly 143 can drive the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120 to extend along the direction of the Z axis. Fig. 22 The liquid crystal molecules shown are arranged in the same direction.

[0171] After the electrode 130 is powered on to generate another electric field, the electric field generated by the electrode 130 can drive the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 120 to be arranged in the horizontal direction (X direction), and the driving force is greater than the force of the liquid crystal molecules deflecting along the Z-axis direction under the action of the electric field generated by the electrode assembly 143, or the electrode assembly 143 is turned off (the electrode assembly 143 is powered off), and the liquid crystal molecules are arranged along the horizontal direction (X direction). Fig.26 The X direction arrangement in .

[0172] In one embodiment, see Fig.26 As shown, the third electrode 1431 is located on one side of the liquid crystal 120 along the Z direction, the fourth electrode 1432 is located on one side of the liquid crystal 120 along the opposite Z direction, the electrode 130 is also located on one side of the liquid crystal 120 along the opposite Z direction, and the fourth electrode 1432 can be located on one side of the electrode 130 along the opposite Z direction.

[0173] And the fourth electrode 1432 and the electrode 130 are both located in the accommodating cavity 111. The electrode assembly 143 further includes a spacer layer 1433, which is located on the side of the fourth electrode 1432 away from the second substrate 115. The spacer layer 1433 separates the electrode 130 from the fourth electrode 1432 and realizes electrical insulation between the electrode 130 and the fourth electrode 1432. In this embodiment, the support surface is a side surface of the spacer layer 1433 on one side in the Z direction.

[0174] In some possible implementations, see Fig. 27 As shown, the liquid crystal device 10 further includes a controller 180, the first electrodes 131 and the second electrodes 132 are alternately arranged at intervals, and the controller 180 is electrically connected to the first electrodes 131 and the second electrodes 132, respectively, for controlling the potential difference between the first electrodes 131 and the second electrodes 132. The controller 180 can control the supply of power to the first electrodes 131 and the second electrodes 132 to generate an electric field between adjacent first electrodes 131 and second electrodes 132, and drive the liquid crystal to turn.

[0175] In one embodiment, the controller 180 may also control the supply of power to the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 , and control the electric field strength between the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 .

[0176] In one embodiment, see Fig. 27 As shown, the liquid crystal device includes a first bus 181 and a first sub-line 182. One end of the first sub-line 182 is electrically connected to the first bus 181, and the other end of the first sub-line 182 is electrically connected to the first electrode 131 one-to-one. The first bus 181 is electrically connected to the controller 180 first, and then distributed to each first electrode 131 through multiple first sub-lines 182.

[0177] The liquid crystal device further includes a second bus 183 and a second sub-line 184. One end of the second sub-line 184 is electrically connected to the second bus 183, and the other end of the second sub-line 184 is electrically connected to the second electrode 132 one-to-one. The second bus 183 is electrically connected to the controller 180 first, and then distributed to each first electrode 131 through a plurality of first sub-lines 182.

[0178] In one embodiment, see Fig.28As shown, the liquid crystal device may include only the first sub-wires 182 and the second sub-wires 184, the number of the first sub-wires 182 is consistent with the number of the first electrodes 131, and the number of the second sub-wires 184 is consistent with the number of the second electrodes 132. One end of the first sub-wire 182 is electrically connected to the controller 180, and the other end of the first sub-wire 182 is electrically connected to the first electrode 131 one-to-one. One end of the second sub-wire 184 is electrically connected to the controller 180, and the other end of the second sub-wire 184 is electrically connected to the second electrode 132 one-to-one. Each of the first electrodes 131 and the second electrode 132 is electrically connected to the controller 180 through a sub-wire, and the controller 180 controls each of the first electrodes 131 and the second electrode 132 through the corresponding electrically controlled sub-wires, so as to realize the diversified control of the electrodes 130 by the controller 180.

[0179] In this embodiment and the following embodiments, at least one of the first bus 181, the first sub-line 182, the second bus 183 and the second sub-line 184 may be a conductor for conducting low-frequency signals, and may be a combination of one or more metals such as copper, silver and tin, or may be made of indium tin oxide (ITO) material. ITO is a metal compound with good transparent conductive properties, and has the characteristics of wide band gap, high light transmittance in the visible spectrum region and low resistivity. It is widely used in flat panel display devices, solar cells, special function window coatings and other optoelectronic devices. It is currently the only transparent conductive electrode material for various flat panel display devices such as LCD, PDP, OLED and touch screen.

[0180] In one embodiment, see Fig.29 As shown, the liquid crystal device further includes a metal spacer 134 , and the metal spacer 134 is located between the adjacent first electrodes 131 and second electrodes 132 .

[0181] Among them, the first electrodes 131 and the second electrodes 132 are arranged alternately at intervals, at least part of the first electrodes 131 are adjacent to the second electrodes 132, and there is a metal spacer 134 between some adjacent first electrodes 131 and second electrodes 132. The metal spacer 134 is not connected to the electric control line, and the metal spacer 134 does not constitute an electrode structure, but is only a metal structure existing between the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132.

[0182] During the formation, an integral copper layer may be formed on the support surface, and then a plurality of copper sheets arranged at intervals may be formed by etching or other processes, and some of the copper sheets may be connected to electrical control lines, for example Fig. 27 The first bus 181, the first sub-line 182, the second bus 183 and the second sub-line 184, or Fig.28The first sub-wire 182 and the second sub-wire 184 in the circuit are connected to form an electrode 130 capable of forming an electric field. Part of the copper sheet is not connected to the electric control line and is located between the adjacent first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132.

[0183] In one embodiment, the electrode may have a variety of shapes, such as a long strip, an ellipse, or an irregular shape. Fig.30 As shown, the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 described in the present application may be in a cross shape, and the cross-shaped first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 are spaced apart to enhance microwave transmission efficiency.

[0184] The present application also provides an embodiment of a device, which includes a liquid crystal device as described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the direction of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal device can be turned according to the electric field generated by the electrodes, and the turning speed is fast and the operation is sensitive.

[0185] In some possible implementations, the device may include an antenna, such as Fig.31 and Fig.33 The phase shifter shown can be used in an antenna. Fig.31 The present invention briefly introduces an antenna provided by the present invention.

[0186] Fig.31 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application, which includes: a transmission unit 200 for sending and / or receiving an electromagnetic wave beam; and any one of the liquid crystal devices 10 described in the above embodiments connected to the transmission unit 200, the liquid crystal device can be used as a phase shifter to adjust the angle of the electromagnetic wave beam radiated by the transmission unit.

[0187] In one embodiment, the combination of the transmission unit 200 and the liquid crystal device 10 can be used to send electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic waves adjusted by the liquid crystal device 10 are sent to other antenna receiving devices through the transmission unit 200.

[0188] In one embodiment, the combination of the transmission unit 200 and the liquid crystal device 10 can be used to receive electromagnetic waves. The transmission unit 200 receives electromagnetic waves sent by other antennas, and then adjusts the angle through the liquid crystal device 10.

[0189] In one embodiment, the transmission unit 200 may be an antenna unit for implementing electromagnetic wave radiation transmission, or may be a unit such as a waveguide or a resonant cavity for implementing electromagnetic wave transmission.

[0190] In one embodiment, see Fig.32As shown, the device may include an electromagnetic wave signal device 300, and the electromagnetic wave signal device 300 is connected to the liquid crystal device 10. The electromagnetic wave signal device 300 may be an electromagnetic wave signal source, which is used to send an electromagnetic wave signal to the liquid crystal device 10. The liquid crystal device 10 adjusts the angle of the electromagnetic wave signal sent and sends it to other antenna receiving devices through the transmission unit 200. In one embodiment, the electromagnetic wave signal device 300 may also be an electromagnetic wave receiving device. The transmission unit 200 receives the electromagnetic wave signal sent by other antenna devices and transmits it to the liquid crystal device 10. The liquid crystal device 10 adjusts the angle of the electromagnetic wave signal sent and transmits it to the electromagnetic wave receiving device to analyze and process the electromagnetic wave signal.

[0191] In one embodiment, see Fig.33 As shown, the device may include a modulation device 400, which is connected to the liquid crystal device 10. The modulation device 400 may be connected between the liquid crystal device 10 and the transmission unit 200 to modulate the transmitted electromagnetic wave signal. The modulation device 400 may be a circuit board with a radio frequency network.

[0192] In one embodiment, there may be multiple groups of electromagnetic wave sending or receiving devices composed of liquid crystal devices 10 and transmission units 200, all of which are connected to a modulation device 400, and the modulation device 400 is connected to the electromagnetic wave signal device 300.

[0193] In an embodiment, the antenna may also be applied in a base station.

[0194] In this embodiment, the liquid crystal device 10 can be applied to an antenna system and a base station corresponding to the antenna system, and can also be applied to other devices. The electrodes can be energized to generate an electric field, and the electric field drives the liquid crystal molecules to turn. The electrodes of this application use cross electrodes, the electrode spacing is small, the liquid crystal turning speed is fast, and the sensitivity is high.

[0195] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A liquid crystal device, characterized in that: include: A housing having a receiving cavity; Liquid crystal, located in the containing cavity; The electrodes include at least one first electrode and at least one second electrode, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are located on the same supporting surface and are arranged alternately and spaced along a first direction.

2. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid crystal and the electrodes are in contact or adjacent to each other, and each of the first electrodes and the adjacent second electrodes form a first driving structure, and the first driving structure is used to drive the molecular steering of the liquid crystal.

3. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The supporting surface includes a portion of an inner wall surface of the shell inside the accommodating cavity, or a portion of an outer wall surface of the shell outside the accommodating cavity.

4. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The liquid crystal device further comprises a supporting plate, wherein the supporting plate is connected to the housing, and the supporting surface comprises one side surface of the supporting plate.

5. The liquid crystal device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The liquid crystal device further comprises a transition structure for transmitting the electromagnetic wave signal to the electrode.

6. The liquid crystal device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The transition structure is located at one end of the electrode along the first direction; Alternatively, the transition structure includes two transition structures, which are respectively located at two ends of the electrode along the first direction.

7. The liquid crystal device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The transition structure includes a first outer conductor, an inner conductor, and a second outer conductor. The second direction is a direction perpendicular to the first direction. The first outer conductor, the inner conductor, and the second outer conductor are sequentially arranged along the second direction. A first gap is provided between the first outer conductor and the inner conductor, and a second gap is provided between the inner conductor and the second outer conductor.

8. The liquid crystal device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A width of the inner conductor in the second direction is smaller than a width of the electrode in the second direction.

9. The liquid crystal device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: A transition metal portion is provided between the inner conductor and the electrode. Along the second direction, a width of the transition metal portion is between a width of the inner conductor and a width of the electrode.

10. The liquid crystal device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: At least part of the first electrode at least partly overlaps with the adjacent second electrode along the first direction; And / or, at least part of the second electrode at least partly overlaps with an adjacent first electrode along the first direction.

11. The liquid crystal device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The shell includes a first substrate, a connecting frame and a second substrate which are stacked in sequence. The connecting frame has a through hole. The connecting frame seals and connects the first substrate and the second substrate. The through hole constitutes at least a part of the accommodating cavity.

12. The liquid crystal device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The shell comprises a slot body, and a slot cavity of the slot body constitutes the accommodating cavity.

13. The liquid crystal device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: The liquid crystal device further includes a passivation layer, and the passivation layer is located between the liquid crystal and the electrode to separate the liquid crystal and the electrode.

14. The liquid crystal device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: The liquid crystal device further comprises a liquid crystal alignment structure for restricting liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal to be arranged in the same direction.

15. The liquid crystal device according to claim 14, characterized in that: The liquid crystal alignment structure includes at least one of the following: There are at least two liquid crystal alignment films located on opposite sides of the liquid crystal, and the liquid crystal alignment films are located between the liquid crystal and the inner wall surface of the housing; A magnetic control structure, used for generating a magnetic field to form a second driving structure, wherein the second driving structure is used for driving the molecules of the liquid crystal to turn; Alternatively, the electrode assembly includes a third electrode and a fourth electrode, which are located on opposite sides of the liquid crystal, and the third electrode and the fourth electrode form a third driving structure, and the third driving structure is used to drive the molecular steering of the liquid crystal.

16. The liquid crystal device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that: The liquid crystal device further includes a controller, which is electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively, and is used to control the potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode.

17. The liquid crystal device according to claim 16, characterized in that: The liquid crystal device comprises a first bus, a first sub-line, a second bus and a second sub-line, and the first bus and the second bus are electrically connected to the controller respectively; One end of the first sub-line is electrically connected to the first bus, and the other end of the first sub-line is electrically connected to the first electrode in a one-to-one manner; One end of the second sub-line is electrically connected to the second bus, and the other end of the second sub-line is electrically connected to the second electrode in a one-to-one manner.

18. The liquid crystal device according to claim 16, characterized in that: The liquid crystal device includes a first sub-line and a second sub-line, one end of the first sub-line is electrically connected to the controller, and the other end of the first sub-line is electrically connected to the first electrode one-to-one; one end of the second sub-line is electrically connected to the controller, and the other end of the second sub-line is electrically connected to the second electrode one-to-one.

19. The liquid crystal device according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that: The liquid crystal device further includes a metal spacer located between adjacent first electrodes and second electrodes.

20. A device, characterized in that: A liquid crystal device comprising any one of claims 1 to 19.

21. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that The device also includes a transmission unit, which is connected to the liquid crystal device, and is used to send and / or receive electromagnetic waves. The liquid crystal device is used to adjust the angle of the electromagnetic wave beam sent and / or received by the transmission unit.

22. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that The device also includes an electromagnetic wave signal device, which is connected to the liquid crystal device. The electromagnetic wave signal device includes an electromagnetic wave signal source and / or an electromagnetic wave receiving device. The electromagnetic wave signal source is used to send electromagnetic wave signals to the liquid crystal device, and the electromagnetic wave receiving device is used to receive the electromagnetic wave signal of the liquid crystal device after adjusting the angle.

23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that The device further comprises a modulation device, which is connected between the liquid crystal device and the electromagnetic wave signal device and is used for modulating the electromagnetic wave.

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