Amplitude-phase control unit, antenna, system, device, method and phased array architecture

Abstract

The invention discloses an amplitude-phase control unit, an antenna array, a radio frequency front-end system, communication equipment, a unit-level amplitude-phase control method and an active phased array architecture. Wherein the unit comprises two ports and a patch working in a quasi TM01 mode; when the two ports are excited according to the amplitude ratio P1 / P2 from 1 to 10, the radiation zero point position of the unit deviates towards a positive angle, and when the two ports are excited according to the phase difference # imgabs0 # from 0 degree to 180 degrees, the main beam direction of the unit gradually deflects from the end emission direction to the side emission direction. The units form an antenna array, and scanning can be carried out through a unit-level amplitude-phase control method. Compared with an existing scheme, the antenna array has the advantages that the radiation zero point position and the main beam direction can be regulated and controlled without any active device, the size is compact, the manufacturing process is simple and the like, and during large-angle scanning, compared with an antenna array using a fixed beam antenna unit, the main beam gain of the antenna array is improved, and the antenna array is more compact in structure. And the sidelobe level of the array directional diagram is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of wireless communications, radar detection, electronic countermeasures, and in particular to an amplitude and phase control unit, an antenna array, a radio frequency front-end system, a communication device, a unit-level amplitude and phase control method, and an active phased array architecture. Background Art

[0002] In modern wireless communication technology, phased array antennas need to have a wide beam scanning range to ensure that communication equipment can maintain stable communication quality in different directions. However, when the phased array scans at a large angle, high side lobes will inevitably appear, which will interfere with normal signal reception and affect the overall efficiency of the system. Therefore, phased arrays with wide-angle scanning capabilities and low side lobe levels are conducive to the communication system to achieve large signal coverage, stable data transmission, and improve the radiation efficiency of the system.

[0003] At present, many scholars have conducted relevant research on wide-angle scanning phased arrays based on various methods, including the use of wide beam units, the use of heterogeneous beam units, and the use of directional pattern reconfiguration technology. The first prior art solution uses parasitic branches to widen the beam width of the antenna unit and uses wide beam antenna units as array elements to achieve wide-angle scanning; however, this method will cause the radiation gain of the phased array to decrease, and higher side lobes will appear when scanning to a large angle. The second prior art solution uses a variety of different heterogeneous beam units to simulate the characteristics of the curved array to construct a phased array; however, this method also needs to sacrifice the gain of the phased array, resulting in problems such as low normal gain of the array and high side lobes. The third prior art solution uses active switching devices such as PIN diodes or varactor diodes to reconfigure the directional pattern of the phased array; however, this method will introduce additional losses and reduce the radiation efficiency of the array. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art to a certain extent, the object of the present invention is to provide an amplitude and phase control unit, an antenna array, a radio frequency front-end system, a communication device, a unit-level amplitude and phase control method and an active phased array architecture.

[0005] The first technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] An amplitude and phase control unit, comprising:

[0007] a first patch excited by a first port;

[0008] a second patch excited by the second port; the first patch and the second patch are both arranged on the first plane and both operate in a quasi-TM01 mode;

[0009] A metal ground is arranged on the second plane;

[0010] A plurality of first short-circuit posts and a plurality of second short-circuit posts, when the first short-circuit post is arranged on the left side of the first patch, the second short-circuit post is arranged on the right side of the second patch; when the first short-circuit post is arranged on the right side of the first patch, the second short-circuit post is arranged on the left side of the second patch; the right side of the first patch is opposite to the left side of the second patch;

[0011] When the amplitude ratio P1 / P2 of the first port excitation and the second port gradually increases from 1, the radiation zero point position of the amplitude-phase control unit will gradually shift to the positive angle; when the phase difference between the first port and the second port excitation When changing from 0° to 180°, the main beam of the phase control unit will gradually deflect from the end-fire direction to the broadside direction. Figure 1 , positive angles refer to the positive direction of the x-axis.

[0012] Furthermore, by adjusting the amplitude ratio P1 / P2 and the phase difference The radiation zero point position and main beam direction of the amplitude and phase control unit can be controlled simultaneously.

[0013] Furthermore, the excitation forms of the first port and the second port include direct excitation or coupled excitation.

[0014] Furthermore, one end of the first short-circuit post is connected to the first patch, and the other end is connected to the metal ground; one end of the second short-circuit post is connected to the second patch, and the other end is connected to the metal ground. It should be noted that the patch is short-circuited to the metal ground by the short-circuit post, but the top of the short-circuit post is not limited to the first plane and the second plane, that is, in some embodiments, the short-circuit post can pass through the first plane and / or the second plane.

[0015] Furthermore, a coupling gap is provided in the metal ground; the position of the coupling gap matches the position of the two patches;

[0016] The amplitude and phase control unit further includes a first feeder and a second feeder arranged on a third plane, wherein the position of the first feeder matches the position of the first patch, and the position of the second feeder matches the position of the second patch;

[0017] Wherein, the second plane is located between the first plane and the third plane.

[0018] Further, the main beam of the first patch points to the left space of the normal line, and the main beam of the second patch points to the right space of the normal line; the normal line is located on the midline between the first patch and the second patch;

[0019] The shape of the first patch is the same as or different from the shape of the second patch;

[0020] The number of the first shorting posts is the same as or different from the number of the second shorting posts.

[0021] The second technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0022] A method for designing an amplitude-phase control unit, used for designing an amplitude-phase control unit as described above, comprises the following steps:

[0023] Determine, according to the working mode of the radiator, the sizes of the first patch and the second patch, and the distance between the first patch and the second patch;

[0024] By adjusting the amplitude ratio P1 / P2 and phase difference of the two ports So that the radiation zero point position and main beam direction of the amplitude and phase control unit change accordingly;

[0025] Where P1 is the amplitude of the first port excitation, P2 is the amplitude of the second port excitation, is the phase difference between the first port excitation and the second port excitation.

[0026] Further, determining the size of the first patch and the second patch, and the distance between the first patch and the second patch includes:

[0027] Determine that the initial size of the long side of the first patch and the second patch is 0.25λ0-0.75λ0, determine that the initial size of the short side of the first patch and the second patch is 0.05λ0-0.45λ0, and determine that the initial spacing between the first patch and the second patch is less than 0.5λ0; wherein λ0 represents the free space wavelength corresponding to the center operating frequency f0.

[0028] The third technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0029] An antenna array, comprising:

[0030] A plurality of amplitude and phase control units as described above, serving as basic units of the antenna array;

[0031] Wherein, a plurality of the amplitude and phase control units are arranged in a preset manner to form an antenna array.

[0032] Furthermore, the antenna array is arranged in a planar array or a curved array; and a plurality of the amplitude and phase control units are arranged in a single row or in multiple rows.

[0033] The fourth technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0034] A unit-level amplitude and phase control method for a phased array is used to control an antenna array as described above, and can dynamically adjust the array factor and element factor of the antenna array at the same time, comprising the following steps:

[0035] By controlling the phase difference Δα of the adjacent amplitude and phase control units, the array factor pattern of the antenna array is scanned in free space;

[0036] By controlling the amplitude ratio P1 / P2 and phase difference of the two ports of each amplitude-phase control unit The element factor pattern of the basic unit of the antenna array is controlled so that the main beam direction of the element factor pattern is close to the predetermined scanning direction of the array, and the radiation zero point position of the element factor pattern is close to the maximum sidelobe position of the array factor of the antenna array; finally, the product value of the element factor and the array factor reaches a smaller value at the maximum sidelobe position of the array factor, and reaches a larger value at the maximum scanning angle of the array factor. Thus, when scanning at a large angle, compared with the antenna array using fixed beam antenna units, the main beam gain of the antenna array is improved and the sidelobe level of the array pattern is reduced.

[0037] The fifth technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0038] An active phased array architecture, comprising:

[0039] N amplitude-phase control modules, each of which includes two ports for excitation; wherein at least one of the N amplitude-phase control modules is implemented by the amplitude-phase control unit as described above; N is an integer greater than 1;

[0040] The amplitude and phase control network of 2N output ports is used to control the amplitude P1 / P2 ratio and phase difference of two ports of N amplitude and phase control modules

[0041] Furthermore, the amplitude and phase control network works as follows:

[0042] Control the amplitude ratio P1 / P2 and phase difference of the two ports of the amplitude and phase control module The element factor pattern of the basic unit of the active phased array architecture is controlled so that the main beam direction of the element factor pattern is close to the preset scanning direction, and the radiation zero point position of the element factor pattern is close to the maximum sidelobe position of the array factor of the active phased array architecture; finally, the product value of the element factor and the array factor reaches a smaller value at the maximum sidelobe position of the array factor and reaches a larger value at the maximum scanning angle of the array factor;

[0043] The phase difference between the first ports of two adjacent amplitude and phase control modules is controlled to be equal to Δα; Δα is the phase difference between adjacent amplitude and phase control modules.

[0044] The sixth technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0045] A radio frequency front-end system includes an amplitude and phase control unit as described above, or an antenna array as described above, or an active phased array architecture as described above.

[0046] The seventh technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0047] A wireless communication device comprises an amplitude and phase control unit as described above, or an antenna array as described above, or an active phased array architecture as described above, or a radio frequency front-end system as described above.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] (1) The amplitude-phase control unit of the present invention can realize the deflection of the main beam direction of the antenna by controlling the phase difference between ports. By constructing a phased array with the amplitude-phase control unit, the phased array can have a higher gain when scanning a large-angle beam.

[0050] (2) The amplitude and phase control unit of the present invention can adjust the position of the antenna radiation zero point by controlling the amplitude ratio between ports. A phased array is constructed by the amplitude and phase control unit, thereby reducing the side lobe level of the array radiation pattern when scanning at a large angle compared to an antenna array using fixed beam antenna units.

[0051] (3) The amplitude and phase control unit of the present invention does not require the use of active devices, has a high total radiation efficiency, is compact in size, and has a simple manufacturing process, which is conducive to the integration and miniaturization of the phased array. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention or the drawings of related technical solutions in the prior art are introduced below. It should be understood that the drawings introduced below are only for the convenience of clearly describing some embodiments of the technical solutions of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0053] Figure 1 A top view of the amplitude and phase control unit provided in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 2 A bottom view of the amplitude and phase control unit provided in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 3 A top view of the antenna array provided in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 4 Radiation patterns of the first patch and the second patch provided in the first embodiment of the present invention when they are excited separately.

[0057] Figure 5 Radiation patterns of the amplitude-phase control unit provided in the first embodiment of the present invention when excited with different port amplitude ratios P1 / P2.

[0058] Figure 6 The amplitude-phase control unit provided in the first embodiment of the present invention has different phase differences at different ports. Radiation pattern when excited.

[0059] Figure 7 A graph showing active reflection coefficients of the four middle elements of the antenna array provided in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 8 This is the scanning pattern of the antenna array provided in the first embodiment of the present invention at 28 GHz.

[0061] Fig. 9 This is a gain curve diagram of the antenna array provided in the first embodiment of the present invention at 26-30 GHz.

[0062] Fig.10 A top view of an amplitude and phase control unit provided in the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0063] Fig.11 A top view of an antenna array provided in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] Fig.12 A top view of an amplitude and phase control unit provided in the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0065] Fig.13 A top view of an amplitude and phase control unit provided in a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] Fig.14 This is a diagram of the active phased array architecture provided by the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] Figure numerals: 1 - first dielectric substrate, 2 - first patch, 3 - second patch, 4 - first short-circuit column, 5 - second short-circuit column, 6 - coupling gap, 7 - first feeding line, 8 - second feeding line, 9 - second dielectric substrate, 10 - first excitation probe, 11 - second excitation probe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. For the step numbers in the following embodiments, they are only provided for the convenience of explanation, and the order between the steps is not limited in any way, and the execution order of each step in the embodiment can be adaptively adjusted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art.

[0069] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientations, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., and orientations or positional relationships indicated are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0070] In the description of the present invention, "several" means one or more, "more" means more than two, "greater than", "less than", "exceed" etc. are understood as not including the number itself, and "above", "below", "within" etc. are understood as including the number itself. If there is a description of "first" or "second", it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing the technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0071] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0072] First embodiment

[0073] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides an amplitude-phase control unit, including a first patch excited by a first port and a second patch excited by a second port. The two patches are both rectangular in shape, located on both sides of the normal line of the amplitude-phase control unit, and both work in quasi-TM 01 model;

[0074] The excitation forms of the first port and the second port include direct excitation or coupled excitation. As an optional implementation, see Figure 1 and 2, the two ports adopt a coupling excitation mode, the two ports are connected to the first feed line 7 and the second feed line 8, and the first patch 2 and the second patch 3 are excited respectively through the coupling slot 6. Specifically, the first patch 2 and the second patch 3 are printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, the metal floor with the coupling slot 4 is printed on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, and the first feed line 7 and the second feed line 8 are located on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 9.

[0075] A short-circuit post is provided between the patch and the metal floor. The specific number of the short-circuit posts is not limited. When the first short-circuit post is provided on the left side of the first patch, the second short-circuit post is provided on the right side of the second patch; when the first short-circuit post is provided on the right side of the first patch, the second short-circuit post is provided on the left side of the second patch. Figure 1 In this embodiment, the first short-circuit column 4 is located at the right edge of the first patch, and the second short-circuit column 5 is located at the left edge of the second patch.

[0076] When the first port and the second port are excited separately, the main beams of the first patch 2 and the second patch 3 point to opposite directions with respect to the normal of the amplitude and phase control unit. One points to the space on the left side of the normal, and the other points to the space on the right side of the normal. Figure 4 , Figure 4 It is the radiation pattern when the first patch 2 and the second patch 3 are excited separately. The radiation directions of the patches are opposite, one points to the 35° direction and the other points to the -35° direction.

[0077] See also Figure 5 and Figure 6 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The two ports of the amplitude and phase control unit are respectively different amplitude ratios P1 / P2 and different phase differences The radiation pattern during excitation, when the two ports are excited with different amplitude ratios P1 / P2, the position of the radiation zero point of the amplitude-phase control unit will shift; when the two ports are excited with a phase difference When excited, the radiation pattern of the amplitude-phase control unit will deflect. When the port amplitude ratio P1 / P2 increases from 1 to 10, the radiation zero point position of the directivity pattern will move from 0° to 35°; when the amplitude ratio P1 / P2 = 1, the port phase difference When increasing from 0° to 180°, the directivity pattern will gradually shift from the end-fire direction to the broadside direction.

[0078] For the above-mentioned amplitude and phase control unit, this embodiment further provides a design method, comprising the following steps:

[0079] S101. According to the working mode of the radiator, determine that the initial size of the long side of the first patch and the second patch is 0.25λ0-0.75λ0, determine that the initial size of the short side of the first patch and the second patch is 0.05λ0-0.45λ0, and determine that the initial spacing between the first patch and the second patch is less than 0.5λ0; wherein λ0 represents the free space wavelength corresponding to the center operating frequency f0;

[0080] S102, by controlling P1 / P2 and phase difference The radiation zero point position and the main beam direction of the amplitude and phase control unit are controlled to change accordingly.

[0081] As an optional implementation, the phase model control unit provided in this embodiment is used as an array element, and multiple phase model control units are arranged at preset intervals to form an antenna array. Figure 3 The antenna array of this embodiment includes eight phase mode control units, which are arranged linearly.

[0082] See also Figure 7 , Figure 7 is the active reflection coefficient of the middle four units of the antenna array of this embodiment (i.e., the third to sixth amplitude and phase control units from left to right), and the working frequency band of the embodiment is 26-30 GHz. Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is the scanning result of the radiation pattern when the antenna array of this embodiment works at the intermediate frequency point of 28 GHz. The embodiment can achieve beam scanning in the range of -75° to +75° with a 4 dB gain drop, and maintain a low sidelobe level below -10 dB. Fig. 9 , Fig. 9 This is the gain curve of the antenna array of this embodiment in the working frequency band of 26-30 GHz. The actual tested gain is greater than 13.5 dBi, and the gain fluctuation range is within 0.5 dB.

[0083] As an optional implementation, for the above antenna array, this embodiment provides a unit-level amplitude and phase control method for phased array, which can dynamically adjust the array factor and element factor of the antenna array. As shown in Table 1, the amplitude ratio P1 / P2 and phase difference of the two ports of the amplitude and phase control unit corresponding to different beam scanning angles of the array are

[0084] Table 1 Amplitude ratio and phase difference information of the two ports of the amplitude and phase control unit of the antenna array at different scanning angles

[0085]

[0086] Control the amplitude ratio P1 / P2 and phase difference of the two ports of each amplitude and phase control unit Thereby, the element factor radiation pattern of the basic unit of the antenna array is controlled, so that the main beam direction of the amplitude and phase control unit is close to the predetermined scanning direction of the array, and the radiation zero point position of the amplitude and phase control unit is close to the maximum sidelobe position of the array factor of the antenna array. Thus, when scanning at large angles, compared with the antenna array using fixed beam antenna units, the main beam gain of the antenna array is improved and the sidelobe level of the array radiation pattern is reduced.

[0087] Second embodiment

[0088] like Fig.10 As shown, the main difference between the amplitude and phase control unit provided in this embodiment and the amplitude and phase control unit in the first embodiment is that the shape of the first patch is rectangular, the shape of the second patch is rhombus, and the other structures are the same. It should be noted that the patch shape mentioned in this application is not limited to rectangle or rhombus, nor is it limited to the same shape. Radiators of other shapes should all fall within the scope of protection of this application in the working mode mentioned in this application.

[0089] like Fig.11 As shown, based on Fig.10 The amplitude and phase control unit shown in the embodiment provides an antenna array, including four amplitude and phase control units, and the array is arranged in a 2×2 manner. It is worth noting that the number of antenna arrays mentioned in the present application is not limited to four or eight amplitude and phase control units, nor is it limited to a 1×8 arrangement or a 2×2 arrangement. Various arrangements of the amplitude and phase unit arrays mentioned in the present application should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0090] As an optional implementation, multiple amplitude and phase control units in the phased array may be arranged in a straight line or in a curve, such as arranging multiple amplitude and phase control units in a semi-arc or an ellipse.

[0091] Third embodiment

[0092] like Fig.12 As shown, the main difference between the amplitude and phase control unit provided in this embodiment and the amplitude and phase control unit in the first embodiment is that the excitation method used by the first port and the second port is probe direct excitation. Since the direct excitation method is adopted, there is no need for coupling gaps and other structures. The patch is excited by the first excitation probe 8 and the second excitation probe 9 respectively. It should be noted that the excitation methods of the two ports mentioned in this application are not limited to coupling gap feeding and direct probe feeding. Feeding by other methods using the amplitude and phase unit mentioned in this application should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0093] Fourth embodiment

[0094] like Fig.13As shown, the main difference between the amplitude-phase control unit provided in this embodiment and the amplitude-phase control unit in the first embodiment is that the first short-circuit column in this embodiment is located at the left edge of the first patch, and the number is two, while the second short-circuit column is located at the right edge of the second patch, and the number is six, that is, the number and position of the short-circuit columns on the two patches are not completely mirror-symmetrical. It should be noted that the number of short-circuit columns of the patch mentioned in this application is not limited to a fixed position or a fixed number, as long as the working state is in the working mode mentioned in this application, it should fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0095] Fifth embodiment

[0096] like Fig.14 As shown, this embodiment proposes an active phased array architecture. The active phased array in this embodiment includes 8 amplitude phase control units and an amplitude phase control network with 16 output ports, wherein the 8 amplitude phase control units can be implemented by the amplitude phase control unit in the first embodiment, or by other amplitude phase control units. Specifically, the amplitude phase control network can make the amplitude ratio P1 / P2 and phase difference P1 / P2 of the two ports of each amplitude phase control unit The requirements of the unit-level amplitude and phase control method for antenna arrays as described in Table 1 are met; and the phase difference between each amplitude and phase control unit is equal to Δα, where Δα is the phase difference between adjacent amplitude and phase control modules. It should be noted that the use of this architecture to control the dual-port unit should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0097] In summary, the present application discloses an amplitude-phase control unit, an antenna array, a radio frequency front-end system, a communication device, a unit-level amplitude-phase control method, and an active phased array architecture. The amplitude-mode control unit uses two ports to excite the patch so that the patch works in a quasi-TM 01 mode, when the two ports are excited with an amplitude ratio P1 / P2 from 1 to 10, the radiation zero position of the amplitude-phase control unit will gradually shift to the right of the normal direction. When excited from 0° to 180°, the main beam direction of the amplitude and phase control unit will gradually deflect from the end-fire direction to the side-fire direction. The amplitude and phase control units can be arranged at preset intervals to form an antenna array in a planar array arrangement or a curved array arrangement and scanned by a unit-level amplitude and phase control method. Compared with existing solutions, the present application does not require the use of any active switching devices to achieve regulation of the radiation zero point position and the main beam direction. It has the characteristics of compact size and simple manufacturing process. When scanning at large angles, compared with the antenna array using fixed beam antenna units, the main beam gain of the antenna array is improved and the side lobe level of the array pattern is reduced.

[0098] In the above description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment / example", "another embodiment / example" or "certain embodiments / examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0099] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

[0100] The above is a specific description of the preferred implementation of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art may make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without violating the spirit of the present invention. These equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. An amplitude and phase control unit, characterized in that: include: a first patch excited by a first port; a second patch excited by a second port; The first patch and the second patch are both arranged on the first plane and both work in quasi-TM 01 model; A metal ground is arranged on the second plane; A plurality of first short-circuit posts and a plurality of second short-circuit posts, when the first short-circuit post is arranged on the left side of the first patch, the second short-circuit post is arranged on the right side of the second patch; when the first short-circuit post is arranged on the right side of the first patch, the second short-circuit post is arranged on the left side of the second patch; the right side of the first patch is opposite to the left side of the second patch; When the amplitude ratio P1 / P2 of the first port excitation and the second port gradually increases from 1, the radiation zero point position of the amplitude-phase control unit will gradually shift to the positive angle; when the phase difference between the first port and the second port excitation When changing from 0° to 180°, the main beam of the amplitude and phase control unit will gradually deflect from the end-fire direction to the side-fire direction.

2. An amplitude and phase control unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excitation forms of the first port and the second port include direct excitation or coupled excitation.

3. An amplitude and phase control unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the first short-circuit column is connected to the first patch, and the other end is connected to the metal ground; one end of the second short-circuit column is connected to the second patch, and the other end is connected to the metal ground.

4. The amplitude and phase control unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: A coupling gap is provided in the metal ground; The position of the coupling gap matches the positions of the two patches; The amplitude and phase control unit further includes a first feeder and a second feeder arranged on a third plane, wherein the position of the first feeder matches the position of the first patch, and the position of the second feeder matches the position of the second patch; Wherein, the second plane is located between the first plane and the third plane.

5. The amplitude and phase control unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main beam of the first patch points to the left space of the normal line, and the main beam of the second patch points to the right space of the normal line; the normal line is located on the midline between the first patch and the second patch; The shape of the first patch is the same as or different from the shape of the second patch; The number of the first shorting posts is the same as or different from the number of the second shorting posts.

6. A design method for an amplitude-phase control unit, characterized in that: The method for designing an amplitude-phase control unit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 comprises the following steps: Determine, according to the working mode of the radiator, the sizes of the first patch and the second patch, and the distance between the first patch and the second patch; By adjusting the amplitude ratio and phase difference of the two ports So that the radiation zero point position and main beam direction of the amplitude and phase control unit will change accordingly.

7. A method for designing an amplitude and phase control unit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The determining the sizes of the first patch and the second patch, and the distance between the first patch and the second patch includes: Determine that the initial size of the long sides of the first patch and the second patch is 0.25λ0-0.75λ0, determine that the initial size of the short sides of the first patch and the second patch is 0.05λ0-0.45λ0, and determine that the initial spacing between the first patch and the second patch is less than 0.5λ0; Where λ0 represents the free space wavelength corresponding to the center operating frequency f0.

8. An antenna array, characterized in that: include: A plurality of amplitude and phase control units according to any one of claims 1 to 5, as basic units of the antenna array; Wherein, a plurality of the amplitude and phase control units are arranged in a preset manner to form an antenna array.

9. The antenna array according to claim 8, characterized in that: The antenna array may be arranged in a planar array or a curved array; a plurality of amplitude and phase control units may be arranged in a single row or in multiple rows.

10. A unit-level amplitude and phase control method for a phased array, used to control an antenna array as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: By controlling the phase difference Δα of the adjacent amplitude and phase control units, the array factor pattern of the antenna array is scanned in free space; By controlling the amplitude ratio and phase difference of the two ports of each of the amplitude and phase control units The element factor pattern of the basic unit of the antenna array is controlled so that the main beam direction of the element factor pattern is close to the predetermined scanning direction of the array, and the radiation zero point position of the element factor pattern is close to the maximum sidelobe position of the array factor of the antenna array; finally, the product value of the element factor and the array factor reaches a smaller value at the maximum sidelobe position of the array factor and reaches a larger value at the maximum scanning angle of the array factor.

11. An active phased array architecture, characterized in that: include: N amplitude-phase control modules, each of which includes two ports for excitation; wherein at least one of the N amplitude-phase control modules is implemented by the amplitude-phase control unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5; N is an integer greater than 1; Amplitude-phase control network with 2N output ports, used to control the amplitude ratio and phase difference of two ports of N amplitude-phase control modules 12. The active phased array architecture according to claim 11, characterized in that: The amplitude and phase control network works as follows: Control the amplitude ratio and phase difference of the two ports of the amplitude and phase control module The element factor pattern of the basic unit of the active phased array architecture is controlled so that the main beam direction of the element factor pattern is close to the preset scanning direction, and the radiation zero point position of the element factor pattern is close to the maximum sidelobe position of the array factor of the active phased array architecture; finally, the product value of the element factor and the array factor reaches a smaller value at the maximum sidelobe position of the array factor and reaches a larger value at the maximum scanning angle of the array factor; The phase difference between the first ports of two adjacent amplitude and phase control modules is controlled to be equal to Δα; Δα is the phase difference between adjacent amplitude and phase control modules.

13. A radio frequency front-end system, characterized in that: It comprises an amplitude and phase control unit as described in any one of claims 1-5, or an antenna array as described in any one of claims 8-9, or an active phased array architecture as described in any one of claims 11-12.

14. A wireless communication device, characterized in that: It comprises an amplitude and phase control unit as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, or an antenna array as described in any one of claims 8 to 9, or an active phased array architecture as described in any one of claims 11 to 12, or a radio frequency front-end system as described in claim 13.

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