Reconfigurable quantum heuristic metasurface

Abstract

The invention discloses a reconfigurable quantum heuristic metasurface. The metasurface is formed by regularly arranging discrete circular units in a two-dimensional space according to a set period, and each element atom is composed of three layers of metal microstructures, a substrate for supporting and connecting the microstructures, and a square metal backboard. The distances between the centers of any adjacent element atoms along the x-axis and the y-axis are the same, a minimum gap is kept, and each element atom is allowed to rotate freely. By adjusting the rotation angles of the three layers of metal microstructures, the unit can convert circularly polarized incident waves into any polarized reflected waves, so that accurate regulation and control of electromagnetic waves are realized. The reconfigurable quantum heuristic metasurface provided by the invention can simulate the characteristics of quantum bits through a specific regulation and control strategy, shows unique superposition and inseparability, and provides excellent information processing capability. In addition, the metasurface has high flexibility and reconfigurability, and can be dynamically adjusted as required to adapt to different application requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the interdisciplinary field of quantum mechanics, information science and design of novel artificial electromagnetic materials, and particularly relates to a reconfigurable quantum-inspired supersurface. Background Art

[0002] Metasurfaces are artificial structures composed of subwavelength units. Initially, the electromagnetic response of metasurfaces could not be changed after they were manufactured, which limited the potential development space of metasurface devices and systems. To overcome this limitation, researchers introduced the concept of reconfigurable metasurfaces. In recent years, the technologies used to regulate reconfigurable metasurfaces have been significantly developed and diversified, including mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical control methods. Among these control mechanisms, both mechanically reconfigurable and electrically reconfigurable metasurfaces show the ability to uniformly or non-uniformly control electromagnetic properties, making them particularly suitable for studying reconfigurable metasurfaces in the microwave frequency range. Under microwave conditions, electrically controlled reconfigurable metasurfaces mainly rely on the use of active components. PIN diodes and varactor diodes have played an important role in realizing concepts such as digital coding metasurfaces and further extending them to information metasurfaces due to their ultra-fast tuning characteristics. However, PIN diode-based metasurfaces have certain limitations, including limited degrees of freedom of meta-atoms and limited reconfigurability of controllable phase changes. These limitations hinder the full realization of their information processing capabilities. In addition, the high energy consumption associated with electrically reconfigurable metasurfaces also poses a challenge to their popularization in large-scale application scenarios.

[0003] Existing metasurface technologies do have some limitations in terms of information processing capabilities and energy consumption. However, the use of quantum information technology is expected to overcome these limitations. Quantum computing and other quantum information processing rely on quantum bits, offering the potential to significantly enhance information processing capabilities. Recently, researchers have proposed the concept of quantum metasurfaces to exploit the significant capabilities of quantum bits in information processing. Despite some progress in this field, current research on quantum metasurfaces has mainly focused on the optical field, with relatively limited attention to the microwave frequency band. In response to the high energy consumption problem caused by electrically reconfigurable metasurfaces, studies have shown that the use of mechanical control methods can significantly reduce energy consumption by eliminating the voltage-driven elements in the meta-atom. It is well known that quantum bits have unprecedented advantages in computing speed and parallelism, and can solve complex problems that are difficult to handle with classical bits. However, quantum bits are usually unstable, their storage and transmission are challenging, and require complex error correction techniques due to their high sensitivity to environmental interference. In contrast, classical bits are stable, easy to store and transmit, and simple to operate, but have limitations in scalability and parallel processing. Due to their respective advantages and disadvantages, quantum bits and classical bits cannot replace each other in practical applications.

[0004] To fill this research gap, the present invention proposes a reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface that can simulate the mathematical and geometric representation of quantum bits, providing a novel method to utilize the characteristics of quantum bits for information processing, reducing energy consumption, and has broad application prospects in the microwave frequency band. Summary of the invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to address the limitations of existing classical information metasurfaces in information processing capabilities, as well as the challenges faced by quantum information metasurfaces in manufacturing. It aims to overcome the limitations of classical bits, the basic information unit of classical information metasurfaces, in scalability and parallel processing, while addressing the problem that quantum bits, the basic information unit of quantum information metasurfaces, are generally unstable, challenging to store and transmit, and require complex error correction technology due to their high sensitivity to environmental interference.

[0006] Technical solution: To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface, composed of reconfigurable units periodically arranged in two-dimensional space. Each reconfigurable unit integrates three metal microstructure layers, located on the first, third and fifth layers, and connected by two circular dielectric substrate layers of the same thickness, with a circular dielectric substrate layer at the bottom, and the whole is placed on a square metal backplane.

[0008] Furthermore, the metal microstructures of the first and fifth layers of the reconfigurable unit are exactly the same, both consisting of a pair of arc structures that are mirror-symmetrical about the center; the third layer of metal microstructure consists of a pair of arc structures that are mirror-symmetrical about the center and a rectangular strip structure, wherein the width of the rectangular strip is consistent with the width of the arc structure.

[0009] Furthermore, the metal microstructure of the reconfigurable unit is printed on the dielectric substrate by a printed circuit board (PCB) process, and the metal microstructure is only connected to the dielectric substrate below it, but not to other dielectric substrates, so that each layer can rotate independently.

[0010] Furthermore, the diameters of all dielectric substrate layers of the reconfigurable unit are the same and slightly smaller than the side length of the bottom square metal back plate to ensure that no friction and collision occur during the rotation process.

[0011] Furthermore, the reconfigurable unit may be connected to a rotation drive device and a motor device so that it can rotate freely as a whole, thereby achieving regulation of the PB phase.

[0012] Furthermore, the thickness of the first two dielectric substrates of the reconfigurable unit is 0.254 mm, the thickness of the third dielectric substrate is 3 mm, and the base material is F4B, whose relative dielectric constant is 2.65 and loss tangent is 0.001.

[0013] Furthermore, the metal microstructures of the reconfigurable unit are all made of copper, and the electrical conductivity of copper is 5.87×10 7 S / m, thickness is 0.018mm.

[0014] Furthermore, to realize the superposition state characteristics of quantum-inspired bits, all reconfigurable units need to maintain the same state in a two-dimensional periodic arrangement. By changing the relative rotation angle while keeping the overall rotation angle unchanged, or keeping the relative rotation angle unchanged while changing the overall rotation angle, high-precision control of the dimensional angle and longitude angle on the Poincare sphere can be achieved respectively.

[0015] Furthermore, to realize the inseparable state characteristics of quantum-inspired bits, the reconfigurable units need to maintain the same state in a one-dimensional periodic arrangement, and the beam steering angle of the spatial mode is controlled by the inherent coding periodicity of the metasurface structure.

[0016] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0017] 1. Easy processing and easy implementation: The present invention adopts conventional printed circuit board technology to produce microwave band coding metasurface, and the technology is mature and easy to implement.

[0018] 2. Reconfigurable and independently modulatable: Each meta-atom of the present invention is reconfigurable and independently modulatable. This extraordinary property allows the polarization state of electromagnetic waves to be adjusted dynamically and precisely, thereby significantly improving the performance of quantum-inspired bits.

[0019] 3. Flexible manipulation of electromagnetic waves: The present invention can flexibly manipulate all polarization states on the Poincare sphere and exhibit inseparable states, providing a feasible physical platform to realize the superposition and inseparable states of quantum-inspired bits.

[0020] 4. Bridging the gap between classical and quantum information metasurfaces: Unlike classical information metasurfaces, the present invention processes information based on quantum-inspired bits rather than classical bits, thus significantly surpassing existing technologies in information processing capabilities. At the same time, compared to quantum information metasurfaces, the present invention is easier to manufacture and operate in classical electromagnetic systems, making its working environment more stable, economical and accessible, and has huge potential applications in various fields such as computing, communication and storage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface unit;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a detailed dimensioning diagram of the reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface unit;

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the curve of linear polarization reflection amplitude and phase of the meta-atom with geometric parameters (γ=κ=90°, γ1=κ1=0°, α=0°) varying with frequency;

[0024] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the curve of the circular polarization reflection amplitude and phase of the meta-atom with geometric parameters (γ=κ=90°, γ1=κ1=0°, α=135°) varying with frequency;

[0025] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the final polarization state control of the reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface along the longitude of the Poincare sphere;

[0026] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the final polarization state control of the reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface along the latitude of the Poincare sphere;

[0027] Figure 7 It is the inseparable reflected beam pattern when the metasurface is spatially encoded according to “0011223300112233…” under vertical irradiation of 9.8GHz electromagnetic waves;

[0028] Figure 8 is a diagram of a reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface experimental sample with geometric parameters (γ=κ=90°, γ1=κ1=0°, α=0°);

[0029] Fig. 9 It is the signal-to-noise ratio intensity distribution diagram of the reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface on equally spaced cross sections from z = 100 mm to z = 900 mm;

[0030] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of the curve of the fidelity of the reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface experimental sample with geometric parameters (γ=κ=90°, γ1=κ1=0°, α=0°) varying with frequency;

[0031] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the curve showing the fidelity of the reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface experimental sample with geometric parameters (γ=κ=90°, γ1=κ1=0°, α=60°) changing with frequency. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0033] In the present invention, the reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface is composed of reconfigurable units arranged periodically in two-dimensional space. Each unit structure integrates three metal microstructure layers, a multi-layer dielectric substrate layer, and a drive device. The reconfigurability and programmability of the metasurface reconfigurable unit can be switched in real time according to specific application scenarios and requirements. The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of a reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface unit. 1 is a metal microstructure layer placed on the first layer, which is composed of a pair of arc structures that are mirror-symmetrical about the center, and copper is used in the present invention; 2 is a dielectric substrate layer supporting the first metal microstructure layer, and F4B is used in the present invention; 3 is a metal microstructure layer placed on the third layer, which is composed of a pair of arc structures that are mirror-symmetrical about the center and a rectangular strip structure, wherein the width of the rectangular strip is consistent with the width of the arc structure; 4 is a dielectric substrate layer supporting the third metal microstructure layer; 5 is a metal microstructure layer placed on the fifth layer, which is composed of a pair of arc structures that are mirror-symmetrical about the center, and is completely consistent with the first layer; 6 is a dielectric substrate layer supporting the fifth metal microstructure layer; 7 is a square metal backplane layer on the back. In the present invention, all metals are made of copper, and the dielectric substrate layer is made of F4B. 8 and 9 are respectively a rotation drive device and a motor device, which enable the reconfigurable unit to rotate freely as a whole, thereby realizing the regulation of the PB phase. The free rotation control and encoding properties of the reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface unit enable it to convert circularly polarized incident waves into arbitrarily polarized reflected waves.

[0035] Figure 2 The following is a detailed dimension diagram of a reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface unit. The meta-atom is made of three layers of metal patches: the third layer has a pair of circular arcs and rectangular strips, while the first and fifth layers each contain a pair of symmetrical circular arcs. To reduce friction and potential collisions during rotation, the insulator is made into a circular shape with a diameter slightly smaller than the side length of the square metal backplane. The symmetry axes of the first and fifth metal patches are respectively and The relative rotation angle deviates from the axis of the third layer rectangular strip. When γ1 and κ1 are equal, the structure is centrally symmetric and allows free rotation around the central symmetry axis. The parameters γ and κ are the overall rotation angles of the meta-atom, corresponding to the counterclockwise rotation angle of the rectangular strip of the third layer metal patch relative to the y-axis. The geometric parameters of the first and fifth layers of metal patches are the same as those of the third layer arc segment, and the width of the rectangular strip matches the arc width. The arc length parameter is defined by the distance from the arc tail to the symmetry axis, denoted as and The dielectric substrates of each layer in this structure are made of F4B material. The performance of these meta-atoms was optimized through precise numerical simulation and experimental verification. The geometric parameters of the meta-atoms are: 3 layers of dielectric substrate layers with thicknesses of h = 3mm, h1 = h2 = 0.254mm; the substrate radius is set to R1 = 9.7mm, with a relative dielectric constant of 2.65 and a minimum loss tangent of 0.001. The substrate is located inside a square metal backplane, which is characterized by a periodic side length of p = 20mm. All metal thicknesses are 18μm. The outer radius of each metal patch is R = 4.6mm and the inner radius is r = 3.3mm. The center distance of the meta-atoms on the x-axis and y-axis is 20mm, and the minimum spacing is maintained at 0.6mm.

[0036] Figure 3 is a graph showing the linear polarization reflection amplitude and phase of a meta-atom with geometric parameters (γ=κ=90°, γ1=κ1=0°, α=0°) as a function of frequency. The elements of the Jones matrix are not completely independent, but are constrained by the symmetry of the meta-atom. Given that the meta-atom has mirror symmetry with respect to its principal axis, according to group theory, R UV =R VU = 0 becomes a necessary condition, which is Figure 3 In addition, the system studied by the present invention has time reversal symmetry, and the proposed one is mirror symmetric. According to the law of conservation of energy, it can be inferred that the coefficient R UU and R VV , are approximately equal in size.

[0037] Figure 4 It is a curve diagram showing the variation of circular polarization reflection amplitude and phase with frequency for the meta-atom with geometric parameters (γ=κ=90°, γ1=κ1=0°, α=135°). When the meta-atom rotates 135° counterclockwise around the z-axis, the incident plane wave is transformed from linear polarization to circular polarization. Figure 4 The theoretical prediction results and numerical simulation results of the reflection coefficient are included. It should be noted that the theoretical prediction results are based on the analytical value of the Jones matrix transformation, while the numerical simulation results are obtained through full-wave simulation. It can be observed that the theoretical prediction results are highly consistent with the numerical simulation results, which shows the accuracy of the theoretical calculation and the reliability of the numerical simulation. The theory used can be expressed by formulas (2) to (9).

[0038]

[0039] φ LR =2α+arg([(R UU -R VV )-i(R UV +R VU )])#(5)

[0040]

[0041] φ RL =-2α+arg([(R UU -R VV )+i(R UV +RV U) ])#(9)

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the final polarization state control of the reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface along the longitude of the Poincare sphere. Under circular polarization excitation, as the equivalent arc length of the meta-atom increases, the resonant frequency of the quantum-inspired metasurface shifts toward low frequency. By keeping the total rotation angle unchanged and adjusting the relative rotation angles γ1 and κ1, the reflection coefficient amplitude can be covered from 1 to 0 while keeping the phase unchanged at a specific frequency. This feature enables the polarization state to be flexibly scanned along the latitude of the Poincare sphere while keeping the longitude angle unchanged. The specific control data are shown in Table 1.

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the final polarization state control of the reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface along the latitude of the Poincare sphere. Since the design of the meta-atom is based on the PB phase, the polarization evolution path of the reflected wave can be controlled by controlling the overall rotation angle of the meta-atom. The results show that the PB phase only depends on the rotation angle of the meta-atom and can cover from 0 to 2π. Therefore, when the equivalent arc length of the meta-atom structure remains unchanged, the longitude angle can be precisely controlled by adjusting the rotation angle while keeping the latitude angle constant. The specific control data are shown in Table 2.

[0044] Figure 7 It is the inseparable state reflection beam pattern when the metasurface is spatially encoded according to "0011223300112233..." under vertical irradiation of 9.8GHz electromagnetic waves. In order to characterize the inseparable state of quantum-inspired bits, different degrees of freedom in electromagnetic systems (such as polarization and spatial mode) are studied to prove the inseparable correlation. Based on the spin conjugation symmetry of left-right rotation phase, an inseparable state based on quantum-inspired meta-atom can be established. The present invention further introduces the concept of coded metasurface, in which the coding inseparability always maintains the mutual correlation between the two spin-state coding modes. The quantum-inspired meta-atom assigns phase-coded states 0, 1, 2, and 3 to spin-up and spin-down. Under the excitation of linearly polarized incident electromagnetic waves, the spin and far-field spatial modes between the field scattering modes achieve inseparable states, as shown in formula (10). The polarization (spin) and spatial mode reach the maximum entanglement.

[0045]

[0046] Where λ represents the operating wavelength and Γ represents the inherent coding periodicity of the metasurface structure.

[0047] Figure 8 This is a diagram of a reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface experimental sample with geometric parameters (γ=κ=90°, γ1=κ1=0°, α=0°). The experimental sample was processed using PCB technology, and all experiments were tested based on this metasurface sample.

[0048] Fig. 9 is the signal-to-noise ratio intensity distribution diagram of the reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface on equally spaced cross sections from z = 100 mm to z = 900 mm. A new formula (11) is developed to accurately measure the signal-to-noise ratio of the system, where P total Represents total power, P noise Represents the noise power.

[0049] SNR = 10 × log 10 (P total / P noise -1)#(11)

[0050] The signal-to-noise ratio intensity distribution of the metasurface samples at uniform sampling points, 100 to 900 mm from the metasurface, with an interval of 100 mm, and each cross section measuring 480 mm × 480 mm. The results show that the signal-to-noise ratio values ​​of all samples on 9 different cross sections remain between 10 and 26 dB, confirming the high reliability of the system.

[0051] Fig.10 and Fig.11 The fidelity curves of the reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface experimental samples (unrotated: α = 0°) and (rotated: α = 60°) with geometric parameters (γ = k = 90°, γ1 = k1 = 0°) are shown as a function of frequency. The performance of the proposed quantum-inspired bit is evaluated by comparing the fidelity between the experimental values ​​and the numerical simulation. The definition of the concept is shown in formula (12).

[0052] Fidelity=|<Ψ exp |Ψ sim > 2 #(12)

[0053] Among them, |Ψ exp > represents the experimental state, and |Ψ sim >Indicates simulation status.

[0054] A fidelity of 100% means that the two states are identical, while a fidelity of 0% means that the two states are orthogonal. Fig.10 and Fig.11The fidelity results of the meta-atom at different rotation angles are shown. The fidelity has been maintained above 98%. These results demonstrate the high stability of the constructed quantum-inspired metasurface system and lay a solid foundation for future research and applications.

[0055] Table 1

[0056]

[0057] Table 2

[0058]

Claims

1. A reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface, characterized in that: The invention is composed of reconfigurable units arranged periodically in a two-dimensional space. Each reconfigurable unit integrates three metal microstructure layers, which are respectively arranged on a first layer (1), a third layer (3) and a fifth layer (5), two circular dielectric substrate layers of the same thickness connecting the three metal microstructure layers, and a circular dielectric substrate layer (6) supported at the bottom. The whole is placed on a square metal back plate (7).

2. A reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal microstructures of the first layer (1) and the fifth layer (5) of the reconfigurable unit are exactly the same, consisting of a pair of arc structures that are mirror-symmetrical about the center, while the third layer of metal microstructure (3) consists of a pair of arc structures that are mirror-symmetrical about the center and a rectangular strip structure, wherein the width of the rectangular strip is consistent with the width of the arc structure.

3. A reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal microstructure of the reconfigurable unit is printed on a dielectric substrate by a PCB process, and the dielectric substrate for connecting the three metal microstructure layers is respectively placed between the first and third layers (2), and between the third and fifth layers (4).

4. A reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface according to claim 2, characterized in that: The metal microstructure of the reconfigurable unit is only connected to the dielectric substrate below it, but not to other dielectric substrates, so that it can rotate independently.

5. A reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameters of all dielectric substrate layers are the same and smaller than the side length of the bottom square metal back plate, so that no friction and collision will occur during the rotation process.

6. A reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The entire reconfigurable unit is connected to a rotation drive device (8) and a motor device (9) so that it can rotate freely as a whole to achieve the regulation of the PB phase.

7. The reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface according to any one of claims 4 or 6, characterized in that: The entire reconfigurable unit can not only realize independent rotation between layers, but also rotate as a whole, thereby converting circularly polarized incident waves into scattered waves of arbitrary polarization states, realizing quantum-inspired bits.

8. A reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface according to claim 7, characterized in that: To realize the superposition state characteristics of quantum-inspired bits, all reconfigurable units need to maintain the same state in a two-dimensional periodic arrangement, and the first and fifth metal microstructures need to rotate the same angle in opposite directions relative to the third metal microstructure. By changing the relative rotation angle while keeping the overall rotation angle unchanged, the dimensional angle control of any longitude on the Poincare sphere can be achieved. By keeping the relative rotation unchanged and changing the overall rotation angle, the longitude angle control of any latitude on the Poincare sphere can be achieved.

9. The reconfigurable quantum-inspired metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that: To realize the inseparable state characteristics of quantum-inspired bits, the reconfigurable units need to maintain the same state in a one-dimensional periodic arrangement, and the beam steering angle of the spatial mode satisfies formula (1): Where λ represents the operating wavelength and Γ represents the inherent coding periodicity of the metasurface structure.

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