Fertilizing method for effectively preventing massive fixation of phosphorus nutrients in phosphate fertilizer by soil

Abstract

The invention discloses a fertilizing method for effectively preventing a large amount of phosphorus nutrients in a phosphate fertilizer from being fixed by soil. The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a forest land; (2) investigating soil environment types; (3) selecting types of phosphate fertilizers; (4) crushing and sieving a phosphate fertilizer; (5) packaging and producing the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer; (6) digging fertilization pits; (7) preparing a coconut coir organic fertilizer mixture; (8) applying a bottom-layer coconut coir organic fertilizer mixture; (9) applying a bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer; (10) applying a coco coir organic fertilizer mixture on the top layer; and (11) covering with soil. By deeply digging holes and respectively applying upper and lower layers of coconut coir organic fertilizer mixtures to surround the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer is not in direct contact with soil, phosphorus nutrients are prevented from being fixed by reaction of some chemical elements in the soil, and meanwhile, the phosphorus nutrients are controlled to be continuously released for a long time through slow degradation and rotting of the packaging material, so that the slow-release effect of the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer is improved. The release rate of phosphorus nutrients is obviously lower than that of a common compound fertilizer, and the released phosphorus nutrients are just absorbed by forest trees. The efficient utilization of phosphorus nutrients is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of forestry planting and relates to a fertilization method which can effectively prevent phosphorus nutrients of phosphate fertilizer from being fixed in large quantities by soil. Background Art

[0002] Phosphorus nutrients can promote tree growth, root development, increase crop yield and quality, improve soil structure, improve soil fertility, promote the metabolism of trees and crops, and enhance the resistance of trees in agriculture and forestry. In the process of agriculture and forestry, after fertilizers are applied to the soil, phosphorus nutrients come into contact with the soil and can react with various chemical elements in the soil to form various compounds, which are easily adsorbed and fixed by the soil. As a result, the mobility of phosphorus nutrients in the soil is weakened, making the utilization rate of phosphorus nutrients low, generally around 15%. Excessive accumulation of phosphorus nutrients in the soil will inhibit the growth of trees. In order to improve the utilization rate of phosphorus nutrients, reduce the demand for phosphorus fertilizers and phosphorus sources, reduce production costs, promote tree growth, and improve soil conditions at the same time, reduce the accumulation of phosphorus in the soil. Therefore, a fertilization method that effectively prevents the phosphorus nutrients in phosphate fertilizers from being fixed in large quantities by the soil has been developed. The purpose is to reduce the large-scale fixation of phosphorus nutrients in the soil during fertilization through reasonable methods and means, so that the phosphorus nutrients in the fertilizer can be continuously and stably supplied to plants for a long time, thereby improving the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizers, enhancing the disease, insect, drought and cold resistance of trees, promoting the growth and development of trees, and improving the quality of trees. At the same time, it protects environmental resources and realizes the sustainable development of agriculture and forestry.

[0003] Existing technical solution: The existing fertilization technology is to dig a pit, apply phosphate fertilizer into the pit, and then cover it with soil. In this fertilization method, the fertilizer and soil are in direct contact, and the phosphorus nutrient is adsorbed, combined, and precipitated by minerals, organic matter, and microorganisms in the soil, making it difficult for the trees to absorb and utilize it. The utilization rate of phosphorus nutrients is low when ordinary fertilizers are applied, generally around 15%. Especially in acidic soils, the pH value is low, and the utilization rate of phosphorus nutrients is further reduced. The application of bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizers can achieve a phosphorus nutrient utilization rate of about 50%.

[0004] The existing technologies have defects and deficiencies: (1) Soil factors: low soil pH, high iron and aluminum content, which easily lead to phosphorus fixation; (2) Improper selection of fertilizer varieties, not adapted to local conditions. (3) Unscientific fertilization methods, too shallow fertilization depth, resulting in low fertilizer utilization. (4) Insufficient attention to trace elements, affecting crop yields. (5) Improper fertilization location and amount, fertilization location too close to the plant or inappropriate amount, resulting in seedling burn or nutrient deficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problem of the background technology, the present invention provides a fertilization method that effectively prevents the phosphorus nutrients of phosphate fertilizer from being fixed in large quantities by the soil. Through the research and development and application of the outer composite material of phosphate fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer is applied to the soil in the form of bags, and the fertilizer is isolated from the soil to prevent the fertilizer from directly contacting the soil, thereby avoiding the phosphorus nutrients in the fertilizer from being fixed by some chemical elements in the soil. At the same time, the time of continuous fertilizer supply to crops is controlled by the decay time of the outer kraft paper of the composite material. Soluble and degradable minerals in different proportions are added to the inner non-woven fabric, and soluble pores are formed on the non-woven fabric by the dissolution of the soluble and degradable minerals. Under the action of water, the nutrients of the phosphate fertilizer are slowly released and seeped through the soluble pores, realizing precise nutrient supply to the forest. By degrading the non-woven fabric, the length of time for fertilizing the phosphorus nutrients is controlled. The application of bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer can prevent the phosphorus nutrients from being fixed too early, thereby prolonging the release time, promoting the accumulation of phosphorus in the soil and increasing the phosphorus activity.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A fertilization method for effectively preventing phosphorus nutrients of phosphate fertilizer from being fixed in large quantities by soil comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Selecting fertilized forest land

[0009] By selecting forest land for fertilization and combining soil environment type survey, we can determine the type, amount and method of phosphate fertilizer to be applied, effectively avoid excessive or insufficient soil phosphorus nutrients, maintain ecological balance, and improve forest growth efficiency and yield;

[0010] (4) Soil property investigation

[0011] Through soil environment type surveys and combined with the selection of fertilized forest land, determine the type, amount and method of phosphate fertilizer to be applied, effectively avoid excess or deficiency of soil phosphorus nutrients, maintain ecological balance, and improve forest growth efficiency and yield;

[0012] (5) Selection of phosphate fertilizer types

[0013] Phosphate fertilizer can promote the development of tree roots, improve the stress resistance of crops, and increase the yield and quality of trees. However, improper application of phosphate fertilizer will lead to phosphorus waste and soil pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably select phosphate fertilizer according to the growth of trees and soil properties to improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer. Phosphate fertilizers mainly include water-soluble phosphate fertilizers, miscible phosphate fertilizers, insoluble phosphate fertilizers, and special phosphate fertilizers;

[0014] (4) Phosphate fertilizer crushing and screening

[0015] The effective components of phosphate fertilizer are difficult to be directly absorbed and utilized by trees in the short term. By crushing the phosphate fertilizer into fine particles, the release of the effective components in the phosphate fertilizer and the speed of absorption by the roots of trees can be accelerated. Screening can remove oversized particles to ensure that the size of the phosphate fertilizer particles is moderate, which is conducive to the absorption of the roots of trees. By improving the efficiency of phosphate fertilizer use and the absorption and utilization rate of trees, the loss of phosphorus nutrients can be reduced. After the phosphate fertilizer is crushed and screened, it is kept within a certain particle size range;

[0016] (5) Preparation of bagged controlled-release phosphate fertilizer packaging

[0017] The selected phosphate fertilizer is crushed and sieved, and then packaged with bag-wrapped composite materials with a slow-release period of 12 months to make bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer with a slow-release period of 12 months. The weight of each bag of bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer is determined by the tree species, growth stage, growth, climate and soil conditions. The role of phosphate fertilizer packaging with bag-wrapped composite materials: to isolate phosphate fertilizer from soil, prevent direct contact with surrounding soil, and prevent contact and reaction with chemical elements in the soil, so as to avoid the fixation of phosphorus nutrients;

[0018] (6) Fertilizer pit excavation

[0019] The fertilization pit is dug into a deep open pit. The specific method is: dig a deep open pit at a certain distance to the left, right, front, or back of the tree roots. The purpose of digging a deep open pit is to apply phosphorus fertilizer deeply to avoid contact with the air, reduce the loss of ammonia volatilization, reduce the nitrification and denitrification loss of ammonia nitrogen fertilizer, increase the contact opportunity of tree roots, thereby improving the effectiveness of phosphorus and allowing trees to better absorb the phosphorus element in phosphorus fertilizer. At the same time, deep application of phosphorus fertilizer helps to reduce the loss of phosphorus nutrients, improve the utilization rate of phosphorus nutrients, and enhance the growth and development and stress resistance of trees;

[0020] (7) Preparation of coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture

[0021] By selecting forest land and trees for fertilization and combining with soil environment type survey, determine the type of organic fertilizer to be applied, and mix the selected organic fertilizer with coconut bran in a certain proportion to form a coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture for later use. Phosphate fertilizer should be applied without mixing with chemical alkaline fertilizer and zinc fertilizer to avoid affecting the effect of phosphate fertilizer application;

[0022] (8) Applying coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture on the bottom layer

[0023] Apply the pre-mixed coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture to the bottom of the fertilization pit and spread it evenly. The purpose of applying the coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture at the bottom of the fertilization pit is that the organic colloid in the organic fertilizer can coat the trioxide in the bottom soil, avoiding direct contact between the phosphorus nutrients of the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer and the bottom soil, reducing the fixation of water-soluble phosphorus by metal ions in the bottom soil, and promoting the decomposition, release and absorption of phosphorus nutrients. In addition, the coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture can promote the activity of microorganisms in the soil, thereby increasing the organic matter content of the soil and reducing soil compaction. The coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture is also beneficial for adjusting the soil pH value, retaining water, fertilizer, and ventilation, creating a good growth environment for plants;

[0024] (9) Application of bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer

[0025] After spreading the coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture on the bottom of the fertilization pit, apply the prepared bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer with a slow-release period of 12 months on top of the coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture. The weight of the bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer is determined by the tree species, growth stage, growth potential, climate and soil conditions.

[0026] (10) Apply coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture on the top layer

[0027] After the bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer is applied, the pre-mixed coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture is applied on top of the bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer and spread evenly. The role of covering the bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer with the coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture is: the organic colloid in the organic fertilizer can coat the trioxide in the top soil, avoiding direct contact between the phosphorus nutrients of the bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer and the top soil, reducing the fixation of water-soluble phosphorus by metal ions in the bottom soil, and promoting the decomposition, release and absorption of phosphorus nutrients. In addition, the coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture can promote the activity of microorganisms in the soil, thereby increasing the content of soil organic matter and reducing soil compaction. The coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture is also beneficial for adjusting the soil pH value, retaining water, fertilizer, and ventilation, creating a good growth environment for plants;

[0028] (11) Covering with soil

[0029] After the top layer of coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture is applied, the original soil dug out from the fertilizer pit is used to fill the fertilizer pit and cover the applied fertilizer. The role of covering soil is: covering the phosphate fertilizer with soil can prevent the phosphate fertilizer from direct contact with the air, reduce the volatilization of phosphorus nutrients, and when it rains, the fertilizer nutrients will not be lost with rainwater, avoiding waste and pollution of the environment.

[0030] Furthermore, in step (2), the soil pH value obtained by the soil environment type survey is 6.2, slightly acidic, the soil water content is 21%, the soil nutrient content N is 21.983 g / kg, P is 0.925 g / kg, K is 25.562 g / kg, Ca is 1.846 g / kg, Mg is 1.675 g / kg, Cu is 5.876 g / kg, Zn is 23.102 g / kg, B is 10.329 g / kg, the organic matter content is 2.25 g / kg, and the microbial content includes: bacteria is 93.25%, actinomycetes is 5.17%, and fungi is 0.41%.

[0031] Furthermore, in step (4), after the phosphate fertilizer is crushed and sieved, the particle size is ≤1 mm.

[0032] Furthermore, the method for preparing the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer in step (5) comprises the following steps:

[0033] S1: corn starch and plant fiber are mixed in a mass ratio of 2:8, pulped by chemical method, 1% sizing agent and 0.1% dye are added, and made into kraft paper by papermaking machine. The kraft paper with a basis weight of 55g / ㎡ and a breaking length of more than 5500m is selected as the outer layer material of packaging material;

[0034] S2: Natural fiber cotton and hemp powder are mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1, crushed and mixed, and then made into non-woven fabric by a non-woven fabric preparation machine through processes such as web forming, compaction, and shaping. Talc powder is added during the preparation process to make an inner layer non-woven fabric material with a sustained release period of 12 months;

[0035] S3: The outer layer of kraft paper prepared in step S1 and the inner layer of non-woven fabric prepared in step S2 are uniformly heat-sealed by a heat-sealing unit at a temperature of 260-300° C. to prepare a bag-controlled sustained-release multi-layer packaging material with a sustained-release period of 12 months;

[0036] S4: Select appropriate phosphate fertilizer according to the tree species, growth stage, growth potential, climate and soil conditions. Phosphate fertilizers mainly include water-soluble phosphate fertilizers, miscible phosphate fertilizers, poorly soluble phosphate fertilizers and special phosphate fertilizers. Grind and sieve the selected phosphate fertilizer into about 1mm for later use;

[0037] S5: The phosphate fertilizer obtained in step S4 is packaged with the bag-controlled slow-release multi-layer packaging material with a slow-release period of 12 months obtained in step S3 by a special packaging unit to produce small bags of bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer with a slow-release period of 12 months. The weight of each bag of bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer is determined by the applied tree species, growth stage, growth potential, climate and soil conditions.

[0038] Furthermore, the addition amount of the talc is 40% and the mesh size is 800 meshes.

[0039] Furthermore, in step (6), a deep open pit is dug for fertilization. Specifically, a deep open pit with a length × width × depth = 30 cm × 20 cm × 30 cm is dug 20 cm to the left, right, front, or back of the tree root.

[0040] Furthermore, the coconut bran in step (7) has an ash content of 8%-10% and a bulk density of 0.10-0.25 g / cm 3 , pH 4.40-5.90.

[0041] Furthermore, the organic fertilizer and coconut bran in step (7) are mixed in a ratio of 2:1 to form a coconut bran-organic fertilizer mixture.

[0042] Furthermore, in step (8), the pre-mixed coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture is applied to the bottom of the fertilizer pit with a thickness of 5 cm and spread evenly.

[0043] Furthermore, in step (10), the pre-mixed coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture is applied on top of the bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer to a thickness of 5 cm and spread evenly.

[0044] Technical principle of the present invention:

[0045] The inner non-woven fabric with soluble and degradable minerals added and the outer kraft paper are combined together through a heat sealing unit to form a slow-release packaging composite material. The slow-release packaging composite material is made into a slow-release packaging bag, and the crushed phosphate fertilizer is loaded into it to make a bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer. In this bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer is wrapped by the slow-release packaging composite material, which prevents the fertilizer from directly contacting the soil and prevents the phosphorus nutrients in the fertilizer from being fixed by some chemical elements in the soil. The release of phosphorus nutrients mainly depends on rainwater and irrigation water to wet the composite controlled-release material and fertilizer, and then seep out from the gaps of the composite controlled-release material with water. When there is no rainwater and irrigation water, the fertilizer nutrients have no carrier and stop releasing, achieving the effect of controlled release. The bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer controls the decay time of the outer composite material through the material and thickness of the outer kraft paper, thereby controlling the release time of phosphorus nutrients. Different proportions of soluble and degradable minerals are added to the non-woven fabric. Through the dissolution of the soluble and degradable minerals, soluble pores with different gaps are formed on the non-woven fabric. Through the density of the soluble pores, the amount of phosphorus nutrients slowly released under the action of water is controlled, so as to achieve accurate supply of phosphorus nutrients to trees. At the same time, a layer of coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture is applied above and below the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer. The coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture surrounds the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer and isolates it from the surrounding soil without contact. The organic colloid in the coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture can coat the trioxide in the soil around the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer, avoiding direct contact between the phosphorus nutrients of the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer and the bottom soil, and reducing the fixation of water-soluble phosphorus by metal ions in the bottom soil. In addition, the coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture can promote the activity of microorganisms in the soil, thereby increasing the content of soil organic matter and reducing soil compaction. The coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture is also conducive to regulating the soil pH value, retaining water, fertilizer, and ventilation, creating a good growth environment for trees.

[0046] The technology of the present invention selects the type of phosphate fertilizer according to the type, growth period, soil environment type and climatic conditions of the trees before fertilization, and crushes and sieves the selected phosphate fertilizer (crushed to less than 1 mm), and the purpose of crushing is to facilitate the absorption of the roots of the trees. The crushed and sieved phosphate fertilizer is packaged into small bags of bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer according to the weight of the fertilizer. When fertilizing, two long and deep fertilization pits of 30cm×20cm×30cm (length×width×depth) are dug as close to the roots of the trees as possible, and a 5cm coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture is applied at the bottom of the fertilization pit, and then the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer is applied on the bottom coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture. After the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer is applied, a 5cm thick coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture is applied on the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer to cover the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer, and finally covered with soil. Ensure that the phosphate fertilizer is surrounded by bagged controlled-release materials, organic fertilizers, and coconut bran, and does not come into direct contact with the surrounding soil, so that it does not come into contact with the chemical elements in the soil and reacts, thus avoiding the fixation of phosphorus nutrients. The release of phosphorus nutrients mainly depends on rainwater and irrigation water wetting the multi-layer controlled-release materials and phosphate fertilizers. The phosphorus nutrients seep out from the gaps in the multi-layer controlled-release materials with the water and are directly absorbed by the roots of the trees. When there is no rainwater and irrigation water, the phosphorus nutrients have no carrier and stop being released, achieving the effect of controlled release. Ensure that the phosphate fertilizer nutrients can be continuously and stably supplied to the trees for a long time, improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizers, enhance the disease resistance, insect resistance, drought resistance, and cold resistance of the trees, promote the growth and development of the trees, and improve the quality of the trees.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0048] (1) Material innovation: The present invention uses corn starch, talcum powder, plant fiber and non-woven fabric to develop biodegradable packaging materials. Corn starch and plant fiber are mixed to form the outer layer material. Talc is added to the non-woven fabric formula to form the inner layer material. This packaging material can undergo chemical reactions under the action of microorganisms and enzymes in the natural environment to achieve the purpose of degradation.

[0049] (2) Method innovation: After the phosphate fertilizer is packaged and applied, the outer layer material made of a mixture of corn, starch, and plant fiber will decompose completely 1 to 6 months after application. During the decay process of the outer layer material, talcum powder dissolves into different numbers of small holes on the non-woven fabric under the action of acidic soil. Under the action of water, phosphorus nutrients seep out from the inner layer of non-woven fabric along with the water, thus supplying phosphorus nutrients to plants. The non-woven fabric can be completely degraded in 12 months. The continuous release of phosphorus nutrients is controlled by the slow degradation and decay of the packaging material, and the phosphorus nutrient release rate is significantly lower than that of ordinary compound fertilizers. The fertilizer is not in direct contact with the soil, which prevents the phosphorus nutrients in the fertilizer from being fixed by reactions of some chemical elements in the soil.

[0050] (3) After adopting the innovative method of the present invention, the average annual growth of timber forests has ushered in a qualitative leap. Compared with the traditional fertilization method, the application of the new bag-controlled phosphate fertilizer can increase the average annual growth of timber forests by 15.79% to an astonishing 33.81%. This growth rate not only means a shortening of the tree growth cycle, but also indicates a significant improvement in forestry production efficiency. For the majority of forest farmers, this is undoubtedly good news for increasing income and getting rich, and it has injected a strong impetus into their hard work.

[0051] (4) It is worth mentioning that the new bagged phosphate fertilizer also showed excellent performance in reducing the application amount. Even when the application amount was reduced by 20%, it was still able to drive the growth of timber forests by more than 23.78%. This discovery completely overturned the traditional concept of "more fertilizer means more yield" and proved the importance of scientific fertilization and precise management. It tells us that while pursuing high yields, we can also achieve a win-win situation of efficient resource utilization and environmental protection.

[0052] (5) Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth, and its loss has always been one of the important sources of forestry non-point source pollution. The introduction of new bag-controlled phosphate fertilizers provides an effective solution to this problem. By precisely controlling the release rate and position of phosphate fertilizers, this method significantly reduces the loss rate of phosphorus nutrients, with a reduction of up to 29.84% to 51.48%. This breakthrough not only improves the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizers and reduces resource waste, but also alleviates environmental problems such as eutrophication of water bodies from the source, contributing to the construction of ecological civilization.

[0053] (6) The more far-reaching significance lies in that the application of the new bagged phosphate fertilizer has greatly improved the utilization rate of phosphorus nutrients. This means that every phosphate fertilizer invested can be more fully utilized and transformed into a powerful driving force for promoting tree growth. This efficient utilization model not only improves the economic benefits of forestry production, but also provides valuable experience for nutrient management worldwide. It tells us that in future forestry production, we should pay more attention to the combination of scientific and technological innovation and ecological protection to achieve the harmonious coexistence of sustainable development of forestry and ecological environment protection.

[0054] (7) The precise innovation of fertilization technology has achieved precise regulation of phosphorus nutrient release by cleverly utilizing the customized decay cycle of outer packaging materials. This innovation not only fills the key gap in the crop precision fertilization technology system, but also marks a leap forward in the efficiency of phosphorus nutrient utilization. This technology is deeply in line with the concept of sustainable development of modern forestry, ensuring that phosphorus is supplied in a timely and appropriate amount during the critical period of crop growth, greatly promoting the effective absorption and utilization of nutrients, and reducing resource waste and environmental pollution.

[0055] (8) In terms of environmental protection, the packaging materials used show excellent biodegradability. They can biodegrade in the natural environment without additional human intervention or processing costs. This feature not only effectively reduces the burden on the soil and avoids the potential harm caused by traditional non-degradable materials to the soil ecosystem, but also further consolidates the healthy foundation of the soil and provides a purer and healthier growth environment for crops. At the same time, the maintenance of soil health is directly related to the improvement of crop quality, ensuring the safety, quality and nutritional value of agricultural products, and meeting the growing demand of modern consumers for green and healthy food.

[0056] (9) The innovation of the fertilization technology of the present invention not only represents a significant progress in the field of forestry technology, but also a solid step towards a more green, efficient and sustainable modern forestry development model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a fertilization method for effectively preventing phosphorus nutrients in phosphate fertilizer from being fixed in large quantities by soil.

[0058] Figure 2 The present invention is a planting schematic diagram of a fertilization method for effectively preventing phosphorus nutrients in phosphate fertilizer from being fixed in large quantities by the soil. In the figure, 1-eucalyptus; 2-original soil layer; 3-bottom layer of coconut bran organic-inorganic mixture; 4-125g bagged controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer; 5-top layer of coconut bran organic-inorganic mixture; 6-covering soil layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] In order to facilitate a better understanding of the present invention, the following examples are used to illustrate the present invention. These examples belong to the protection scope of the present invention, but do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0060] In an embodiment of the present invention, a fertilization method for effectively preventing phosphorus nutrients in phosphate fertilizer from being fixed in large quantities by soil comprises the following steps:

[0061] (1) Selecting fertilized forest land

[0062] By selecting forest land for fertilization and combining soil environment type survey, we can determine the type, amount and method of phosphate fertilizer to be applied, effectively avoid excessive or insufficient soil phosphorus nutrients, maintain ecological balance, and improve forest growth efficiency and yield;

[0063] (2) Soil property survey

[0064] Through soil environment type surveys and combined with the selection of fertilized forest land, determine the type, amount and method of phosphate fertilizer to be applied, effectively avoid excess or deficiency of soil phosphorus nutrients, maintain ecological balance, and improve forest growth efficiency and yield;

[0065] (3) Selection of phosphate fertilizer types

[0066] Phosphate fertilizer can promote the development of tree roots, improve the stress resistance of crops, and increase the yield and quality of trees. However, improper application of phosphate fertilizer will lead to phosphorus waste and soil pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably select phosphate fertilizer according to the growth of trees and soil properties to improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer. Phosphate fertilizers mainly include water-soluble phosphate fertilizers, miscible phosphate fertilizers, insoluble phosphate fertilizers, and special phosphate fertilizers;

[0067] (4) Phosphate fertilizer crushing and screening

[0068] The effective components of phosphate fertilizer are difficult to be directly absorbed and utilized by trees in a short period of time. By crushing phosphate fertilizer into fine particles, the release of effective components in phosphate fertilizer and the speed of absorption by tree roots can be accelerated. Screening can remove oversized particles to ensure that the size of phosphate fertilizer particles is moderate, which is conducive to the absorption of tree roots. By improving the efficiency of phosphate fertilizer use and the absorption and utilization rate of trees, the loss of phosphorus nutrients can be reduced. After phosphate fertilizer is crushed and screened, it should be kept at about 1mm;

[0069] (5) Preparation of bagged controlled-release phosphate fertilizer packaging

[0070] The selected phosphate fertilizer is crushed and sieved, and then packaged with bag-wrapped composite materials with a slow-release period of 12 months to make bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer with a slow-release period of 12 months. The weight of each bag of bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer is determined by the tree species, growth stage, growth, climate and soil conditions. The role of phosphate fertilizer packaging with bag-wrapped composite materials: to isolate phosphate fertilizer from soil, prevent direct contact with surrounding soil, and prevent contact and reaction with chemical elements in the soil, so as to avoid the fixation of phosphorus nutrients;

[0071] The preparation method of the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0072] S1: corn starch and plant fiber are mixed in a mass ratio of 2:8, pulped by chemical method, 1% sizing agent and 0.1% dye are added, and made into kraft paper by papermaking machine. The kraft paper with a basis weight of 55g / ㎡ and a breaking length of more than 5500m is selected as the outer layer material of packaging material;

[0073] S2: Natural fiber cotton and hemp powder are mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1, crushed and mixed, and then made into non-woven fabric by a non-woven fabric preparation machine through processes such as web forming, compaction, and shaping. During the preparation process, 40% 800-mesh talc powder is added to make an inner layer non-woven fabric material with a sustained release period of 12 months;

[0074] S3: The outer layer of kraft paper prepared in step S1 and the inner layer of non-woven fabric prepared in step S2 are uniformly heat-sealed by a heat-sealing unit at a temperature of 260-300° C. to prepare a bag-controlled sustained-release multi-layer packaging material with a sustained-release period of 12 months;

[0075] S4: Choose appropriate phosphate fertilizer according to the tree species, growth stage, growth potential, climate and soil conditions. Phosphate fertilizers mainly include water-soluble phosphate fertilizers, miscible phosphate fertilizers, poorly soluble phosphate fertilizers and special phosphate fertilizers. Grind and sieve the selected phosphate fertilizer into about 1mm for later use;

[0076] S5: the phosphate fertilizer prepared in step S4 is packaged with the bag-controlled slow-release multi-layer packaging material with a slow-release period of 12 months prepared in step S3 by a special packaging unit to prepare small bags of bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer with a slow-release period of 12 months, wherein the weight of each bag of bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer is determined by the tree species, growth stage, growth potential, climate and soil conditions to be applied;

[0077] (6) Fertilizer pit excavation

[0078] The fertilization pit should be dug deep and open. The specific method is: dig a 30cm×20cm×30cm (length×width×depth) deep and open pit 20cm to the left, right, front, and back of the tree roots. The purpose of digging a deep and open pit: by applying phosphorus fertilizer deeply to avoid contact with the air, reduce the loss of ammonia volatilization, reduce the nitrification and denitrification loss of ammonia nitrogen fertilizer, increase the contact opportunity of tree roots, thereby improving the effectiveness of phosphorus and allowing trees to better absorb the phosphorus element in phosphorus fertilizer. At the same time, deep application of phosphorus fertilizer helps to reduce the loss of phosphorus nutrients, improve the utilization rate of phosphorus nutrients, and enhance the growth and development and stress resistance of trees;

[0079] (7) Preparation of coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture

[0080] The type of organic fertilizer to be applied is determined by selecting forest land and trees for fertilization and combining with soil environment type investigation. The organic fertilizer to be applied should have an ash ratio of 8%-10% and a bulk density of 0.10-0.25g / cm 3 , acidic coconut bran with a pH of 4.40-5.90 is mixed into a coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture in a ratio of 2:1 for standby use. The application of phosphate fertilizer should avoid mixing with chemical alkaline fertilizer and zinc fertilizer to avoid affecting the effect of phosphate fertilizer application;

[0081] (8) Applying coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture on the bottom layer

[0082] Apply the pre-mixed coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture to the bottom of the fertilizer pit with a thickness of 5cm and spread it evenly. The purpose of applying the coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture at the bottom of the fertilizer pit is that the organic colloid in the organic fertilizer can coat the trioxide in the bottom soil, avoiding direct contact between the phosphorus nutrients of the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer and the bottom soil, reducing the fixation of water-soluble phosphorus by metal ions in the bottom soil, and promoting the decomposition, release and absorption of phosphorus nutrients. In addition, the coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture can promote the activity of microorganisms in the soil, thereby increasing the organic matter content of the soil and reducing soil compaction. The coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture is also beneficial for adjusting the soil pH value, retaining water, fertilizer, and ventilation, creating a good growth environment for plants;

[0083] (9) Application of bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer

[0084] After spreading 5cm of coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture on the bottom of the fertilization pit, apply the prepared bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer with a slow-release period of 12 months on top of the coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture. The weight of the bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer is determined by the tree species, growth stage, growth potential, climate and soil conditions.

[0085] (10) Apply coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture on the top layer

[0086] After the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer is applied, the pre-mixed coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture is applied on top of the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer, with a thickness of 5cm, and spread evenly. The role of covering the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer with the coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture is: the organic colloid in the organic fertilizer can coat the trioxide in the top soil, avoiding direct contact between the phosphorus nutrients of the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer and the top soil, reducing the fixation of water-soluble phosphorus by metal ions in the bottom soil, and promoting the decomposition, release and absorption of phosphorus nutrients. In addition, the coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture can promote the activity of microorganisms in the soil, thereby increasing the content of soil organic matter and reducing soil compaction. The coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture is also beneficial for adjusting the soil pH value, retaining water, fertilizer, and ventilation, creating a good growth environment for plants;

[0087] (11) Covering with soil

[0088] After the top layer of coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture is applied, the original soil dug out from the fertilizer pit is used to fill the fertilizer pit and cover the applied fertilizer. The role of covering soil is: covering the phosphate fertilizer with soil can prevent the phosphate fertilizer from direct contact with the air, reduce the volatilization of phosphorus nutrients, and when it rains, the fertilizer nutrients will not be lost with rainwater, avoiding waste and pollution of the environment.

[0089] Preparation technology principle of bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer:

[0090] The preparation process of the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer of the present invention is an innovative process integrating material science, forestry chemistry and packaging technology. Each step is carefully designed to achieve efficient and sustained release of phosphate fertilizer to meet the nutrient requirements of different crops under different growth conditions. The following is an in-depth introduction to each link of the preparation process:

[0091] S1: Careful formulation of outer kraft paper material

[0092] In this step, corn starch and plant fibers (such as bamboo pulp, wood pulp, etc.) are mixed in a mass ratio of 2:8. Through the chemical pulping process, the material's binding force and flexibility are not only enhanced, but also given good biodegradability. Subsequently, the added glue (such as natural latex or synthetic resin) is used as an adhesive to further enhance the strength and waterproof performance of the paper. The selection of kraft paper with a quantitative of 55g / ㎡ and a tear length of more than 5500m ensures that the outer layer of the packaging material is both light and tough, and can effectively resist the erosion of the external environment and protect the internal phosphate fertilizer from being affected.

[0093] S2: Innovative preparation of inner nonwoven material

[0094] Natural fiber cotton and hemp powder are mixed in a ratio of 2:1, finely crushed, and then processed by a non-woven fabric preparation machine. This combination not only utilizes the softness and hygroscopicity of cotton fibers, but also plays the reinforcing role and air permeability of hemp powder, providing an ideal microenvironment for the slow release of phosphate fertilizer. In particular, 40% of 800-mesh talcum powder is added. Under the action of acidic soil, the talcum powder dissolves into different numbers of small holes on the non-woven fabric. Under the action of water, phosphorus nutrients seep out from the inner layer of non-woven fabric with water, realizing the supply of phosphorus nutrients to plants. The non-woven fabric can be completely degraded in 12 months. The continuous release of phosphorus nutrients is controlled by the slow degradation and decay of the packaging material, and the release rate of phosphorus nutrients is significantly lower than that of ordinary compound fertilizers. The fertilizer does not come into direct contact with the soil, which prevents the phosphorus nutrients in the fertilizer from being fixed by the reaction of some chemical elements in the soil. This innovative design makes the release rate of phosphorus fertilizer more compatible with the growth needs of crops, reduces nutrient loss, and improves utilization.

[0095] S3: Thermal integration of double-layer materials

[0096] The outer layer of kraft paper and the inner layer of non-woven fabric are evenly heat-sealed at a high temperature of 260-300°C in the heat-sealing unit. The selection of this temperature range is extremely critical: too low may lead to weak adhesion, and too high may damage the material structure. During the heat-sealing process, the two materials are tightly combined to form an integrated slow-release packaging system. This structure not only ensures the overall strength of the packaging material, but also achieves dual protection and controlled release of phosphate fertilizers through the synergistic effect of the inner and outer layer materials. In addition, the optimization of the heat-sealing process also ensures the sealing of the edge of the packaging material, further extending the shelf life and slow-release effect of the phosphate fertilizer.

[0097] S4: Fine processing of phosphate fertilizer

[0098] According to specific needs, the appropriate type of phosphate fertilizer is selected, and it is crushed and sieved to a particle size of about 1 mm. This process ensures the uniformity and solubility of the phosphate fertilizer particles, making it easier for them to disperse quickly in the soil and be absorbed by the crop roots. At the same time, different types of phosphate fertilizers have different solubility and release characteristics. Selecting the right type of phosphate fertilizer is an important prerequisite for achieving precision fertilization.

[0099] S5: The necessity of packaging and process optimization

[0100] The finely processed phosphate fertilizer is loaded into a slow-release multi-layer packaging material, and packaged through a special packaging unit to produce small bags of controlled-release phosphate fertilizer. This process not only requires the packaging material to have good sealing properties, but also ensures that the phosphate fertilizer will not leak or get damp during the packaging process. In addition, precise control of the amount of raw materials and continuous optimization of process parameters (such as heat sealing temperature, talcum powder addition ratio, etc.) are important ways to improve product quality, reduce costs, and enhance market competitiveness. The non-interchangeability of the steps is reflected in the fact that each step is based on the deepening and improvement of the results of the previous step, and the absence or adjustment of any link may affect the performance of the final product.

[0101] In summary, the preparation process of bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer is a highly integrated and refined process. Each link is interdependent and mutually reinforcing, and together they achieve efficient and sustained release of phosphate fertilizer, providing strong support for the sustainable development of modern forestry.

[0102] In order to make the disclosure of the present invention more complete, it is described below through more specific embodiments.

[0103] Example 1

[0104] See Figure 1 , 2 A fertilization method for effectively preventing phosphorus nutrients of phosphate fertilizer from being fixed in large quantities by soil comprises the following steps:

[0105] (1) Selecting fertilized forest land

[0106] Through the selection of fertilized forest land, the tree species to be planted were determined. The current growth status is a second-generation sprout forest with a sprout rate of 90%, good growth, tree height between 1.5-2 meters, plant spacing of 2m×3m, and 110 trees planted per mu.

[0107] (2) Soil property survey

[0108] Through soil survey, it was determined that the soil type was red soil, the soil texture was loose, the soil pH was 6.2, slightly acidic, the soil water content was 21%, the soil nutrient content was N (21.983g / kg), P (0.925g / kg), K (25.562g / kg), Ca (1.846g / kg), Mg (1.675g / kg), Cu (5.876g / kg), Zn (23.102g / kg), B (10.329g / kg), organic matter content (2.25g / kg), microbial content included: bacteria (93.25%), actinomycetes (5.17%), fungi (0.41%), and continuous cropping caused some soil compaction in the plot. These data provided a basis for the next step of selecting the type and application method of phosphate fertilizer.

[0109] (3) Selection of phosphate fertilizer types

[0110] According to the above forest land and soil property survey results, it is determined that the type of phosphate fertilizer to be applied is potassium dihydrogen phosphate. This type of phosphate fertilizer is high in phosphorus and is easily absorbed. It can promote the development of tree roots, improve stress resistance, and increase yield and quality. The application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be avoided when mixed with chemical alkaline fertilizers and zinc fertilizers to avoid affecting the effect of phosphate fertilizer application.

[0111] (4) Phosphate fertilizer crushing and screening

[0112] The selected potassium dihydrogen phosphate is crushed into fine particles by a pulverizer and sieved. After the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is crushed and sieved, it is kept at about 1mm to ensure that the size of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate particles is moderate. The crushing of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can accelerate the release of effective ingredients in phosphate fertilizer and the speed of absorption by the root system. It improves the use efficiency of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the absorption and utilization rate of forests, while reducing nutrient loss.

[0113] (5) Production of bagged controlled-release phosphate fertilizer packaging

[0114] The selected potassium dihydrogen phosphate is crushed and sieved, and then packaged with bagging materials with a slow-release period of 12 months to make bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer with a slow-release period of 12 months. The function of the bag-packing composite material for phosphate fertilizer is to ensure that the phosphate fertilizer is surrounded by bag-controlled slow-release materials, organic fertilizers, and coconut bran, and does not come into direct contact with the surrounding soil, thereby not contacting and reacting with chemical elements in the soil, and avoiding the fixation of phosphorus nutrients;

[0115] The preparation method of the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0116] S1: Mix corn starch and plant fiber in a mass ratio of 2:8, make pulp by chemical method, add 1% sizing agent and 0.1% dye, and make kraft paper by papermaking machine. The kraft paper with a basis weight of 55g / ㎡ and a breaking length of more than 5500m is used as the outer layer material of packaging material;

[0117] S2: Natural fiber cotton and hemp are crushed and mixed, and then made into non-woven fabric by a non-woven fabric preparation machine through processes such as web forming, compaction, and shaping. During the preparation process, 40% 800-mesh talcum powder is added to make an inner layer non-woven fabric material with a sustained release period of 12 months;

[0118] S3: The outer layer of kraft paper prepared in S1 and the inner layer of non-woven fabric prepared in S2 are uniformly heat-sealed by a heat-sealing unit at a temperature of 260-300°C to prepare a multi-layer packaging material with a sustained release period of 12 months;

[0119] S4: Select potassium dihydrogen phosphate with a phosphorus content of 52% according to the tree species, growth stage, growth potential, climate and soil conditions. Crush and sieve the selected potassium dihydrogen phosphate into about 1mm for later use;

[0120] S5: The potassium dihydrogen phosphate obtained in step S4 is packaged with the multi-layer packaging material with a sustained release period of 12 months obtained in step S3 by a special packaging unit to prepare small-bag controlled-release phosphate fertilizer with a sustained release period of 12 months, 125 g / bag;

[0121] (6) Fertilizer pit excavation

[0122] The fertilization pit should be dug deep and open. The specific method is: dig a 30cm×20cm×30cm (length×width×depth) deep and open pit 20cm to the left, right, front, and back of the crop root. The purpose of digging a deep open pit: by deeply applying potassium dihydrogen phosphate to avoid contact with the air, reduce the loss of ammonia volatilization, reduce the nitrification and denitrification loss of ammonia nitrogen fertilizer, increase the contact opportunity of tree roots, thereby improving the effectiveness of phosphorus and allowing trees to better absorb the phosphorus element in phosphate fertilizer. At the same time, deep application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate helps reduce the loss of phosphorus nutrients, improve the utilization rate of phosphorus nutrients, and enhance the growth and development and stress resistance of trees;

[0123] (7) Preparation of coconut bran organic and inorganic fertilizer mixture

[0124] Through the selection of fertilized forest land and trees, combined with the investigation of soil environment types, it was determined that the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with a total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of 16.8% and an organic matter content of 22.3% was applied. The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer selected for application had an ash content ratio of 9.2% and a bulk density of 0.21g / cm 3 , acidic coconut bran with a pH of 5.23 is mixed in a ratio of 2:1 to form a coconut bran organic and inorganic fertilizer mixture for later use;

[0125] (8) Applying the mixture of organic and inorganic fertilizers from coconut bran at the bottom

[0126] Apply the pre-mixed coconut bran organic and inorganic fertilizer mixture to the bottom of the two fertilizer pits, with a thickness of 5cm, and spread it evenly. The purpose of applying the coconut bran organic and inorganic fertilizer mixture at the bottom of the fertilizer pit is that the organic colloid in the organic fertilizer can cover the trioxide in the bottom soil, avoiding direct contact between the phosphorus nutrients of the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer and the bottom soil, reducing the fixation of water-soluble phosphorus by metal ions in the bottom soil, and promoting the decomposition, release and absorption of phosphorus nutrients. In addition, the coconut bran organic and inorganic fertilizer mixture can promote the activity of microorganisms in the soil, thereby increasing the organic matter content of the soil and reducing soil compaction. The coconut bran organic and inorganic fertilizer mixture is also beneficial for adjusting the soil pH value, retaining water, fertilizer, and ventilation, creating a good growth environment for plants;

[0127] (9) Application of bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer

[0128] After spreading 5 cm of coconut bran organic and inorganic fertilizer mixture on the bottom of the fertilization pit, apply the prepared bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer with a slow-release period of 12 months and a weight of 125 g / bag on top of the coconut bran organic and inorganic fertilizer mixture at the bottom;

[0129] (10) Top layer coconut bran organic and inorganic fertilizer mixture application

[0130] After the bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer is applied, the pre-mixed coconut bran organic-inorganic fertilizer mixture is applied on top of the bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer, with a thickness of 5cm, and spread evenly. The role of covering the bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer with the coconut bran organic-inorganic fertilizer mixture is: the organic colloid in the organic fertilizer can act as a barrier to the trioxide in the top soil, avoiding direct contact between the phosphorus nutrients in the bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer and the top soil, reducing the fixation of water-soluble phosphorus by metal ions in the bottom soil, and promoting the decomposition, release and absorption of phosphorus nutrients. In addition, the coconut bran organic-inorganic fertilizer mixture can promote the activity of microorganisms in the soil, thereby increasing the content of soil organic matter and reducing soil compaction. The coconut bran organic-inorganic fertilizer mixture is also beneficial for adjusting the soil pH value, retaining water, fertilizer, and ventilation, creating a good growth environment for plants;

[0131] (11) Covering with soil

[0132] After the top layer of coconut bran organic and inorganic fertilizer mixture is applied, the original soil dug out from the fertilizer pit is used to fill the fertilizer pit and cover the bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer. The role of covering soil is: covering the bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer with soil can prevent the phosphorus nutrients of the bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer from direct contact with the air, reduce the volatilization of phosphorus nutrients, and when it rains, the fertilizer nutrients will not be lost with rainwater, avoiding waste and pollution of the environment.

[0133] Comparative Example 1

[0134] A fertilization method is basically the same as the fertilization method of Example 1 for effectively preventing phosphorus nutrients in phosphate fertilizer from being fixed in large quantities by soil, except that a non-bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer is used instead of the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer. The preparation method of the non-bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0135] According to the tree species, growth stage, growth potential, climate and soil conditions, potassium dihydrogen phosphate with a phosphorus content of 52% is selected, and the selected potassium dihydrogen phosphate is crushed and sieved into about 1mm.

[0136] Experiment on eucalyptus using bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer:

[0137] 1. Test location

[0138] Qipo Forest Farm, Nanning, Guangxi.

[0139] 2. Processing Settings

[0140] 2 treatments: Example 1 fertilizer area 2 mu, Comparative Example 1 fertilizer area 2 mu.

[0141] Embodiment 1 Fertilizer area: adopt the fertilization method of embodiment 1.

[0142] Comparative Example 1 Fertilizer area: The fertilization method of Comparative Example 1 was adopted.

[0143] 3. Data determination

[0144] The test period is from April 2022 to December 2023. The tree height, diameter at breast height, and growing stock increment of eucalyptus trees are measured from November to December each year. The statistical data are shown in the following table:

[0145] Table 1 Fertilizer efficiency test of bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer (eucalyptus)

[0146]

[0147] The data in the table above clearly show that, compared with comparative example 1, the present invention achieves a tree height growth rate of up to 17.76%, a breast diameter increase of 15.34%, and a significant increase in standing stock of 25.13%. This remarkable achievement is attributed to the unique design of the present invention - through the slow degradation mechanism of the packaging material, the continuous release of phosphorus nutrients is precisely regulated, and its release rate is significantly lower than that of traditional compound fertilizers, effectively avoiding the chemical fixation that may be caused by direct contact between phosphorus and soil, thereby reducing nutrient loss.

[0148] This innovative strategy not only ensures that the release rate of phosphate fertilizer is highly consistent with the actual needs of eucalyptus during its growth cycle, but also greatly improves the efficiency of nutrient utilization. This revolutionary design not only promotes the rapid growth of tree height and breast diameter, but also significantly increases the standing stock, bringing substantial benefits to forestry production.

[0149] In summary, the technological breakthrough of the present invention is not only reflected in the significant improvement of plant growth parameters, but also in that it fundamentally optimizes the utilization mode of phosphate fertilizer, demonstrating significant progress and broad application prospects in promoting the efficient cultivation of forest resources.

[0150] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fertilization method for effectively preventing phosphorus nutrients in phosphate fertilizer from being fixed in large quantities by soil, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Selecting forest land for fertilization By selecting forest land for fertilization and combining soil environment type survey, we can determine the type, amount and method of phosphate fertilizer to be applied, effectively avoid excessive or insufficient soil phosphorus nutrients, maintain ecological balance, and improve forest growth efficiency and yield; (2) Soil property survey Through soil environment type surveys and combined with the selection of fertilized forest land, determine the type, amount and method of phosphate fertilizer to be applied, effectively avoid excess or deficiency of soil phosphorus nutrients, maintain ecological balance, and improve forest growth efficiency and yield; (3) Selection of phosphate fertilizer types According to the growth of trees and soil properties, the types of phosphate fertilizers are reasonably selected to improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizers, and the types of phosphate fertilizers include one or more of water-soluble phosphate fertilizers, miscible phosphate fertilizers, poorly soluble phosphate fertilizers, and special phosphate fertilizers; (4) Phosphate fertilizer crushing and screening The phosphate fertilizer is crushed and sieved to keep the particle size within a certain range; (5) Preparation of bagged controlled-release phosphate fertilizer packaging The selected phosphate fertilizer is crushed and sieved, and then packaged with bagging materials to make bagged controlled-release phosphate fertilizer. The weight of each bag of bagged controlled-release phosphate fertilizer is determined by the tree species, growth stage, growth potential, climate and soil conditions to be applied; (6) Fertilizer pit excavation The fertilizer pit is dug deep and open. The specific method is: dig a deep and open pit at a certain distance to the left, right, front or back of the tree root; (7) Preparation of coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture By selecting forest land and trees for fertilization and combining with soil environment type survey, determine the type of organic fertilizer to be applied, mix the selected organic fertilizer with coconut bran in a certain proportion to form a coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture for later use, and avoid mixing phosphate fertilizer with chemical alkaline fertilizer and zinc fertilizer to avoid affecting the effect of phosphate fertilizer application; (8) Applying coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture on the bottom layer Apply the pre-mixed coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture to the bottom of the fertilization pit and spread it evenly; (9) Application of bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer After spreading the coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture on the bottom of the fertilization pit, apply the prepared bagged controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer on top of the coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture. The weight of the bagged controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer is determined by the tree species, growth stage, growth potential, climate and soil conditions. (10) Apply coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture on the top layer After the bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer is applied, the pre-mixed coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture is applied on top of the bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer and spread evenly; (11) Covering with soil After applying the top layer of coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture, backfill the fertilization pit with the original soil dug out from the fertilization pit and cover the applied fertilizer.

2. The fertilization method for effectively preventing phosphorus nutrients of phosphate fertilizer from being fixed in large quantities by soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil pH value obtained by the soil environment type survey in step (2) is 6.2, slightly acidic, the soil water content is 21%, the soil nutrient content N is 21.983 g / kg, P is 0.925 g / kg, K is 25.562 g / kg, Ca is 1.846 g / kg, Mg is 1.675 g / kg, Cu is 5.876 g / kg, Zn is 23.102 g / kg, B is 10.329 g / kg, the organic matter content is 2.25 g / kg, and the microbial content includes: bacteria is 93.25%, actinomycetes is 5.17%, and fungi is 0.41%.

3. The fertilization method for effectively preventing phosphorus nutrients of phosphate fertilizer from being fixed in large quantities by soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), after the phosphate fertilizer is crushed and sieved, the particle size is ≤1 mm.

4. The fertilization method for effectively preventing phosphorus nutrients of phosphate fertilizer from being fixed in large quantities by soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preparing the bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer in step (5) comprises the following steps: S1: Mix corn starch and plant fiber in a mass ratio of 2:8, make pulp by chemical method, add sizing agent and dye, and make kraft paper by papermaking machine. The kraft paper with a basis weight of 55g / ㎡ and a breaking length of more than 5500m is used as the outer layer material of packaging material; S2: Natural fiber cotton and hemp powder are mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1, crushed and mixed, and then made into non-woven fabric by a non-woven fabric preparation machine through processes such as web forming, compaction, and shaping. Talc powder is added during the preparation process to make an inner layer non-woven fabric material with a sustained release period of 12 months; S3: The outer layer of kraft paper prepared in step S1 and the inner layer of non-woven fabric prepared in step S2 are uniformly heat-sealed by a heat-sealing unit at a temperature of 260-300° C. to prepare a bag-controlled sustained-release multi-layer packaging material with a sustained-release period of 12 months; S4: Select appropriate phosphate fertilizer according to the tree species, growth stage, growth potential, climate and soil conditions. Phosphate fertilizers mainly include water-soluble phosphate fertilizers, miscible phosphate fertilizers, poorly soluble phosphate fertilizers and special phosphate fertilizers. Grind and sieve the selected phosphate fertilizer into about 1mm for later use; S5: The phosphate fertilizer obtained in step S4 is packaged with the bag-controlled slow-release multi-layer packaging material with a slow-release period of 12 months obtained in step S3 by a special packaging unit to produce small bags of bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer with a slow-release period of 12 months. The weight of each bag of bag-controlled slow-release phosphate fertilizer is determined by the applied tree species, growth stage, growth potential, climate and soil conditions.

5. The fertilization method for effectively preventing phosphorus nutrients of phosphate fertilizer from being fixed in large quantities by soil according to claim 4, characterized in that: The added amount of the talc powder is 40%, and the mesh size is 800 meshes.

6. The fertilization method for effectively preventing phosphorus nutrients of phosphate fertilizer from being fixed in large quantities by soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (6), a deep open pit is dug for fertilization. The specific method is: a deep open pit with a length × width × depth = 30 cm × 20 cm × 30 cm is dug 20 cm to the left, right, front, or back of the tree root.

7. The fertilization method for effectively preventing phosphorus nutrients of phosphate fertilizer from being fixed in large quantities by soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coconut bran in step (7) has an ash content of 8%-10% and a bulk density of 0.10-0.25 g / cm 3 , pH 4.40-5.

90.

8. The fertilization method for effectively preventing phosphorus nutrients of phosphate fertilizer from being fixed in large quantities by soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer and coconut chaff described in step (7) are mixed in a ratio of 2:1 to form a coconut chaff organic fertilizer mixture.

9. The fertilization method for effectively preventing phosphorus nutrients of phosphate fertilizer from being fixed in large quantities by soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (8), the pre-mixed coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture is applied to the bottom of the fertilizer pit with a thickness of 5 cm and spread evenly.

10. The fertilization method for effectively preventing phosphorus nutrients of phosphate fertilizer from being fixed in large quantities by soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (10), the pre-mixed coconut bran organic fertilizer mixture is applied on top of the bagged slow-release phosphate fertilizer to a thickness of 5 cm and spread evenly.

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