Device for guiding to complete eye movement delay reaction task and medium

Abstract

According to the device and the medium for guiding the completion of the eye movement delay reaction task, the guide information is displayed through the display screen, the animal object is guided to observe the target area of the display screen, then the eye movement data of the animal object is determined based on the eye tracker, and therefore processing equipment can conveniently process the eye movement delay reaction task based on the eye movement data of the animal object. And determining whether the animal object completes the training target or not, and then sending a correct feedback signal or an error feedback signal to the loudspeaker according to the completion condition of the training target of the animal object, so that the loudspeaker plays the corresponding audio according to the received signal. Therefore, when the correct trial frequency of the animal object reaching the task target reaches a preset value, a behavioral animal model meeting the requirement for measuring an advanced cognitive function experiment is established. By means of a trial-and-error method, in combination with the steps of sound feedback, preference correction and the like, animal objects are guided to learn task rules as far as possible without human factor interference, and the learning efficiency and operation stability of the animal objects are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present specification relates to the field of brain science research, and in particular to a device and medium for guiding the completion of an eye movement delayed response task. Background Art

[0002] Brain science research plays an important role and has great significance in many fields such as medicine and psychology. Through in-depth research on the working principles of the brain, it can provide strong scientific support for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, the improvement of education, and the development of technology. However, as the most complex and important organ in the human body, the brain has nearly 100 billion neurons. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the working principles of the brain, there are still many unsolved mysteries driving the booming development of this field.

[0003] In the prior art, since the brain structure of some non-human primates is highly similar to that of humans, animal models are usually used to study the working principle of the brain. For example, by training experimental macaques to complete the delayed eye movement response task, when the macaques can complete the delayed eye movement response task independently, the brain's working principle is analyzed by monitoring the macaques' brain activities during the process of completing the delayed eye movement response task.

[0004] The existing training process for non-human primates to complete the delayed eye movement reaction task usually requires trainers and experimenters to guide non-human primates to complete the training process based on personal experience. However, humans cannot communicate with non-human primates. How to correctly guide non-human primates to complete the training process and achieve training goals to improve the training efficiency of non-human primates and reduce human interference has become an urgent problem to be solved. Based on this, this specification provides a device and medium for guiding the completion of the delayed eye movement reaction task. Summary of the invention

[0005] This specification provides a device, equipment and medium for guiding the completion of an eye movement delayed reaction task, so as to partially solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] This manual adopts the following technical solutions: The device is used to train a non-human primate animal subject, and the device at least includes an eye tracker, a display screen, a processing device, and a speaker. The device is used to repeatedly train the animal subject to establish a behavioral animal model that meets the experimental requirements for testing advanced cognitive functions. In each trial training: The display screen is used to determine and display guidance information, wherein the guidance information is used to guide the animal object to observe a target area of ​​the display screen; The eye tracker is used to obtain eye movement data of the animal object and send the eye movement data to the processing device; The speaker is used to play a first audio according to a correct feedback signal sent by the processing device; and to play a second audio according to an incorrect feedback signal sent by the processing device, wherein the frequency of the first audio is higher than that of the second audio; The processing device is used to determine whether the duration for which the animal subject observes the target area reaches a first duration based on the eye movement data; when the first duration is not reached, determine to send an error feedback signal to the speaker; when the first duration is reached, determine to complete a training goal and send a correct feedback signal to the speaker; when the correct trial frequency of the animal subject completing the training goal reaches a first preset value through repeated training, determine to obtain a behavioral animal model that meets the experimental requirements of measuring advanced cognitive functions.

[0007] Optionally, the processing device is used to determine the duration for the animal subject to achieve the training goal in the current training trial as a reference duration; When the correct trial frequency of the animal subject to achieve the training goal is less than a threshold, determining the reference duration, adjusting the reference duration in a decreasing direction, and repeatedly training the animal subject based on the adjusted reference duration; When the correct trial frequency of the animal subject achieving the training goal is greater than the threshold value and less than the first preset value, continuing to repeatedly train the animal subject according to the reference duration; When the correct trial frequency of the animal subject to achieve the training goal reaches the first preset value and the reference duration is less than the first duration, the reference duration is adjusted in an increasing direction, and the animal subject is repeatedly trained based on the adjusted reference duration.

[0008] Optionally, the delayed eye movement response task includes at least one training phase of a fixation training phase, a saccade training phase and a memory training phase.

[0009] Optionally, before each trial training begins, the display screen is used to determine and display preset display information, and the display information is used to guide the animal subject to observe a target area of ​​the display screen; The eye tracker is used to obtain eye movement data of the animal object and send the eye movement data to the processing device; The processing device is used to determine whether the first time duration that the animal object observes the target area before the training starts exceeds the second time duration based on the eye movement data sent by the eye tracker. If so, it is determined that the animal object has met the start conditions for the current trial training; if not, it is determined that the animal object has not met the start conditions for the current trial training.

[0010] Optionally, during the gaze training phase, the display screen is used to display a first image at a preset coordinate, and an area where the first image is located is used as the target area; The processing device is used to determine, based on the eye movement data, a third duration for which the animal object continuously observes the target area, and judge whether the third duration is not less than a fourth duration; if so, determine that the animal object has completed the training of this stage, and send a correct feedback signal to the speaker; if not, send an incorrect feedback signal to the speaker; when the animal object repeats the gaze training, determine the correct trial frequency of the animal object completing the gaze training; when the frequency reaches a second preset value, confirm that the animal object has completed the training of the gaze training stage.

[0011] Optionally, during the scanning training stage, the display screen is used to display the first image target at a preset coordinate for a period of time and then disappear, and after the first image disappears, randomly display a second image within a preset range around the first image, wherein the area where the first image is located is used as the first target area, and the area where the second image is located is used as the second target area; The processing device is used to determine, based on the eye movement data, the scanning time used by the animal object to switch its line of sight from the first target area to the second target area after the second image appears, and the fifth time duration of continuous gaze at the second target area, and judge whether the scanning time is not greater than a fourth preset time duration, and the fifth time duration is not less than a sixth time duration; if so, it is determined that the animal object has completed the training of this stage and a correct feedback signal is sent to the speaker; if not, an incorrect feedback signal is sent to the speaker; when the animal object repeats the scanning training, it is determined that the animal object has achieved the accuracy requirement of the scanning training; when the frequency of the animal object completing the scanning training reaches a third preset value, it is confirmed that the animal object has completed the training of the scanning training stage.

[0012] Optionally, in the memory training stage, the display screen is used to display a first image at a preset coordinate, and randomly display a second image within a preset range around the first image, and the second image disappears when the display time reaches a target time, and the first image disappears after a period of time after the second image disappears, wherein the area where the first image is located is used as the first target area, and the area where the second image is located is used as the second target area; The processing device is used to determine, based on the eye movement data, the seventh duration that the animal object continues to gaze at the second target area after the first image disappears, and judge whether the seventh duration is not less than the eighth duration; if so, it is determined that the animal object has completed the training of this stage and a correct feedback signal is sent to the speaker; if not, an incorrect feedback signal is sent to the speaker; when the animal object repeats the memory training, the accuracy rate of the animal object in achieving the gaze training goal is determined; when the frequency of the animal object achieving the training goal reaches a fourth preset value, it is confirmed that the animal object has completed the memory training.

[0013] Optionally, the device obtains a behavioral animal model that meets the requirements for testing advanced cognitive functions by performing the repeated training on the animal subject for multiple times; The processing device is used to determine the progress of the repeated training process during each repeated training process, where the progress includes at least one of training trials and training duration, and when the progress meets a preset upper limit, stop the current repeated training process.

[0014] Optionally, the apparatus further comprises a reward device, the reward device comprising at least a hose, the hose being located in front of the mouth of the animal subject so that the animal subject can obtain a liquid reward through the hose, the liquid reward comprising at least water; The processing device is used to send a correct feedback signal to the reward device when the animal subject achieves the training goal; The reward device is used to replenish a preset flow rate of liquid reward into the hose in response to the correct feedback signal.

[0015] The present specification provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements a processing device in the apparatus for guiding the completion of an eye movement delayed reaction task.

[0016] At least one of the above technical solutions adopted in this specification can achieve the following beneficial effects: In the device for guiding the completion of the delayed eye movement reaction task described in this specification, the guide information is displayed on the display screen to guide the animal subject to observe the target area of ​​the display screen, and then the eye movement data of the animal subject is determined based on the eye tracker, so that the processing device determines whether the animal subject has completed the training target of observing the target area for a first preset time based on the eye movement data of the animal subject, and then sends a correct feedback signal or an incorrect feedback signal to the speaker according to the completion of the training target of the animal subject, so that the speaker plays the corresponding audio according to the received signal. Thus, when the correct trial frequency of the animal subject to achieve the task target reaches the preset value, a behavioral animal model that meets the experimental requirements of measuring advanced cognitive functions is established.

[0017] It can be seen from the above device that by using the trial and error method, combined with steps such as sound feedback and preference correction, the animal object can be guided to learn the task rules without human interference as much as possible, thereby improving the learning efficiency and operation stability of the animal object. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of this specification and constitute a part of this specification. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this specification are used to explain this specification and do not constitute an improper limitation on this specification. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a device for guiding the completion of an eye movement delayed response task provided in this specification; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a process of a device for guiding the completion of an eye movement delayed response task provided in this specification; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a calibration process provided for this manual; Figure 4 A method for determining a preset range provided in this manual; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the processing equipment provided for this specification. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this specification more clear, the technical solutions of this specification will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the specific embodiments of this specification and the corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this specification, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this specification, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] Brain science research plays an important role and has great significance in many fields such as medicine and psychology. By deeply studying the working principles of the brain, it provides strong scientific support for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, the improvement of education, and the development of technology, such as revealing the pathological mechanisms of mental illness and developing new diagnostic and treatment methods.

[0021] For example, the Oculomotor Delayed-Response Task (ODR) is a classic psychology experimental paradigm, which is mainly used to study visual spatial information processing at work, that is, participants need to remember the spatial position of a briefly presented visual stimulus, and report the position through eye movement after a delay period, so as to evaluate the impact of certain neurological diseases or injuries on working memory function based on the changes in the brain's nervous system during the participants' ODR process, and help diagnose and treat related diseases. It is also possible to explore the neural networks in the brain responsible for maintaining and updating short-term memory information, such as the activity patterns of the prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex when performing ODR tasks, based on the changes in the brain's nervous system during the participants' ODR process.

[0022] The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. For ethical restrictions, experimental operability, variable controllability, and result reproducibility, using model animals for brain science research is a practical research strategy. Among them, non-human primates are highly similar to humans in genetic background, physiological characteristics, and brain structure, making them ideal models for studying human brain function, simulating brain-related diseases, and exploring brain evolution mechanisms. Researchers selected non-human primates such as rhesus monkeys, crab-eating macaques, and marmosets, which are highly similar to human brain structures, as experimental subjects. By training them to complete specific cognitive tasks and observing the dynamic changes of their nervous systems during task execution, they explored and deduced the working principles of the human brain. It can be seen that the application of animal models is an experimental method and means for modern medicine to understand the objective laws of life sciences. At present, the training process of guiding non-human primates to complete ODR tasks mainly relies on the personal experience and skills of trainers and experimenters. Due to the inability to communicate directly with animals and the significant differences in learning and understanding abilities between individuals, the training process faces many challenges. If the trainer lacks relevant professional knowledge and practical experience, improper operation may cause the animals to feel learning frustration or learned helplessness, which may lead to difficult-to-correct training resistance in the animals. This will not only cause irreversible interference in their learning of the ODR task, but also significantly reduce the training efficiency and final effect.

[0023] Therefore, this specification provides a device for guiding the completion of an eye movement delayed response task, which is used to guide an animal subject to learn and complete an ODR, thereby reducing the impact of humans on the process, efficiency and results of the animal subject's learning to perform cognitive tasks. The device at least includes an eye tracker, a display screen, a processing device and a speaker. Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1A schematic diagram of a device for guiding the completion of an eye movement delayed reaction task provided in this specification, wherein an eye tracker 21 is placed in front of the face of an animal subject 22 to observe a display screen 23 in front, and a processing device 24 is assembled with the display screen 23. A speaker 20 is connected to the display screen 23. It should be noted that the processing device 24 and the speaker 20 can also be installed on other devices. In one or more embodiments of this specification, there is no restriction on where the processing device 24 is specifically installed, and it can communicate with the speaker 20 and the display screen 23. There is no restriction on where the speaker 20 is specifically installed, and it is sufficient to ensure that the audio played by the speaker 2 can be heard by the animal subject 22.

[0024] It should be noted that in one or more embodiments of this specification, there is no restriction on what kind of device is used to implement the eye tracker, nor is there any restriction on the placement or wearing method of the eye tracker, as long as the eye movement data of the animal object can be obtained. There is no restriction on what kind of device is used to implement the display screen, as long as the guidance information can be displayed to the animal object, such as an electronic screen, a projector, etc., which can be set according to actual needs. Of course, there is no restriction on what kind of device is used to implement the speaker, which can be any device that can play audio, such as an electronic speaker, a mobile phone terminal, etc., which can be set according to actual needs.

[0025] In addition, there is no restriction on the specific device used to implement the processing device, such as a mobile terminal and a server, wherein the server can be a single device or composed of multiple devices, for example, a distributed server, and this specification does not impose any restriction on this.

[0026] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this specification are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process of a device for guiding the completion of an eye movement delayed reaction task provided in this specification, specifically: S100: The display screen determines and displays guidance information, where the guidance information is used to guide the animal object to observe a target area of ​​the display screen.

[0028] In order to guide the animal object to complete the observation target, the display screen may first determine the guidance information, and then determine the data that the display screen should display according to the guidance information.

[0029] Specifically, the display screen may first determine the guidance information, then determine the target area of ​​the display screen according to the guidance information, and display the guidance information on the target area. It should be noted that in one or more embodiments of the present specification, the method used by the display screen to determine the guidance information is not limited. It may be pre-set guidance information. When the display screen needs to display guidance information, guidance information is sent to the display screen manually or by a processing device, so that the display screen displays the guidance information. It may also be pre-stored in the display screen. When the display screen needs to display guidance information, guidance information is sent to the display screen manually or by a processing device, and a display instruction is sent to the display screen. The display screen calls the stored guidance information according to the display instruction. It can be set according to actual needs.

[0030] In addition, the above-mentioned guiding information is used to guide the animal object to observe the target area. The guiding information can be a graphic in the target area. Of course, the specific shape, color, size, etc. of the graphic is not limited and can be set according to actual needs.

[0031] S101: An eye tracker obtains eye movement data of the animal object and sends the eye movement data to the processing device.

[0032] In order to observe the observation of the animal object on the target area on the display screen, the device can obtain the eye movement data of the animal object through an eye tracker.

[0033] Specifically, the eye tracker is installed between the face of the animal subject and the display screen. Of course, there is no limit on the distance between the eye tracker and the face of the animal subject, as long as the eye image of the animal subject can be fully and clearly presented in the monitoring window. For example, the image threshold adjustment area of ​​the eye tracker is initialized to zero, and the pupil reflection and corneal reflection thresholds are adjusted successively until the pupil reflection area in the screen is completely bright and the corneal reflection area is completely dark. Of course, since there are many methods and steps to adjust the eye tracker, different models of eye trackers may have different adjustment parameters, so other methods can also be used to adjust the eye tracker, and this manual does not limit this.

[0034] The eye tracker then captures the eye movement images of the animal subject at a frequency of no less than 1000 Hz, converts them into analog signals to record the eye movement trajectory, and thus obtains complete eye movement data. These data are then transmitted to the processing device for analysis and reconstruction of the animal's visual observation trajectory.

[0035] It should be noted that in one or more embodiments of the present specification, there is no restriction on when the eye tracker starts to collect the eye movement data of the animal object. The eye movement data of the animal object can be monitored after the animal object is detected, or the eye movement data of the animal object can be collected after receiving the start-up command sent by the experimenter or trainer. Other conditions can also be used as the start-up conditions of the eye tracker. Since there are many start-up conditions that can be used, this specification will not go into details and can be set according to actual needs.

[0036] S102: The processing device determines, based on the eye movement data, whether the duration for which the animal object observes the target area reaches a first duration; if the first duration is not reached, determines to send an error feedback signal to the speaker; and if the first duration is reached, determines that a training goal is completed, and sends a correct feedback signal to the speaker.

[0037] After receiving the eye movement data of the animal object, the processing device can analyze the eye movement trajectory of the animal object based on the eye movement data of the animal object, thereby observing whether the animal object has completed the training goal of the trial.

[0038] Specifically, the processing device analyzes the eye movement data of the animal object to determine whether the animal object is observing the target area, and whether the continuous time during which the eye movement amplitude does not exceed the amplitude threshold when observing the target area exceeds a first time period. If so, it means that the animal object has completed the training goal of this training, and the processing device sends a correct feedback signal to the speaker. If not, it means that the animal object has not completed the training goal of this training, and the processing device sends an incorrect feedback signal to the speaker, thereby prompting the animal object through the speaker.

[0039] It should be noted that the above-mentioned amplitude threshold can be determined according to the size of the target area and the distance between the display screen and the face of the animal object, wherein the size of the target area is proportional to the size of the amplitude threshold, and the distance between the display screen and the face of the animal object is inversely proportional to the size of the amplitude threshold. Generally, when the amplitude of the eye movement change of the animal object exceeds 0.2°, it is considered that the gaze of the animal object deviates from the target area.

[0040] In one or more embodiments of the present specification, a trial refers to an independent observation or operation in a psychology experiment or test.

[0041] S103: The speaker plays a first audio according to a correct feedback signal sent by the processing device; and plays a second audio according to an incorrect feedback signal sent by the processing device, wherein a frequency of the first audio is higher than that of the second audio.

[0042] Operational feedback is crucial for immediate reinforcement learning, helping animals establish a clear connection between behavior and reward, thereby promoting animals to form a clear concept of task and goal orientation, and enhancing their learning motivation and participation. Non-human primates are more sensitive to sound feedback, so using audio to provide feedback to animal subjects can promote learning, strengthen motivation, establish connections, and increase participation during training.

[0043] Specifically, the speaker can play the first audio after receiving a correct feedback signal sent by the processing device, and play the second audio after receiving an incorrect feedback signal sent by the processing device, so as to provide feedback to the animal object.

[0044] Because, in nature, low-frequency / descending-pitch sounds are often associated with warnings or negative signals, and are more likely to be perceived as negative, alarming, or even threatening, causing animals to avoid or be vigilant. High-frequency / ascending-pitch sounds are more easily perceived by animals, and are usually associated with positive signals, and are usually considered more positive, pleasant, and encouraging, making animals feel safe or positive.

[0045] Therefore, when setting the first audio and the second audio, the frequency of the first audio can be set higher than the frequency of the second audio, so that the animal object can determine whether the current operation is correct based on the first audio and the second audio.

[0046] It should be noted that when setting the audio, the tolerance range of the animal should be considered. Whether it is high-frequency audio or low-frequency audio, the frequency setting should reduce the setting of the stimulation frequency band to prevent the animal from being stressed. The audio volume setting should also avoid stimulating the animal. When determining the playback time, it can be set according to actual needs to avoid the playback time being too short, resulting in the animal not being able to hear clearly, or the playback time being too long, affecting the training efficiency.

[0047] The high frequency audio can be set to 1000 Hz, 200 milliseconds, and 65 decibels, and the low frequency audio can be set to 400 Hz, 200 milliseconds, and 65 decibels. Of course, it can also be set separately according to the preferences and personalities of individual animal subjects, and this manual does not limit this. For example, before the training begins, multiple audios of preset frequencies and preset intensities are played to the animal subjects, and the audio for correct feedback signals and the audio for incorrect feedback signals are set according to the feedback of the animal subjects.

[0048] In addition, the animal object may be trained by the first audio and the low-frequency audio before the training begins, so that the animal object can perceive the meaning of the high-frequency audio and the low-frequency audio. For example, the animal object is rewarded when the high-frequency audio is played, but not rewarded when the low-frequency audio is played.

[0049] S104: When the correct trial frequency of the animal subject completing the training target reaches a first preset value through repeated training, the processing device determines that a behavioral animal model that meets the experimental requirements for measuring advanced cognitive functions is obtained.

[0050] When the animal object is guided to perform ODR by the device, and the correct trial frequency of completing the training target reaches the first preset value, that is, the frequency of the first audio played by the speaker reaches the first preset value, it can be determined that the animal object can independently complete the ODR process. In one or more embodiments of this specification, it can be considered that the animal object that can independently complete the ODR process is a behavioral animal model that meets the experimental requirements for measuring advanced cognitive functions. That is, the animal model described in the embodiments of this specification is the animal object itself, not an animal specimen or a model in the computer field.

[0051] based on Figure 2 The device for guiding the completion of the delayed eye movement reaction task shown in the figure displays guidance information on the display screen to guide the animal subject to observe the target area of ​​the display screen, and then determines the eye movement data of the animal subject based on the eye tracker, so that the processing device determines the length of time the animal observes the target area based on the eye movement data of the animal subject, thereby judging whether the animal subject has achieved the training target, and then sends a correct feedback signal or an incorrect feedback signal to the speaker according to the completion of the training target of the animal subject, so that the speaker plays the corresponding audio according to the received signal. Thus, when the correct trial frequency of the animal subject to achieve the task target reaches a preset value, a behavioral animal model that meets the experimental requirements of measuring advanced cognitive functions is established.

[0052] It can be seen from the above device that by using the trial and error method, combined with steps such as sound feedback and preference correction, the animal object can be guided to learn the task rules without human interference as much as possible, thereby improving the learning efficiency and operation stability of the animal object.

[0053] It should be noted that the eye tracker can also be calibrated before training, such as Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a calibration process provided in this specification. The display screen displays multiple points, namely point A, point B and point C. The animal subject observes each point on the display screen with its eyes, and records the eye movement data of the animal subject when observing each point, determines the change in the visual angle distance of the animal subject, and then converts the visual angle change into the change in the pixel distance of the display screen, and compares it with the actual pixel distance of each point, so as to achieve calibration. That is, line segment OB is perpendicular to the display screen, indicating the distance between the animal subject and the display screen, and the length of line segment AB is calculated by line segment OB and ∠α, and the length of line segment BC is calculated by line segment BC and ∠β, and compared with the pixel length of line segment AB and the segment length of line segment BC in the display screen, so as to achieve calibration.

[0054] In addition, in order to improve the training effect of experimental animals, enhance the autonomy of animals, and avoid fear or stress in animals, training needs to be triggered with the voluntary participation of animals. In order to reduce the impact of human participation on the learning rules of animal subjects, a training start condition can be set in advance. When the animal subject meets the training start condition, it is confirmed that the training of this trial has started.

[0055] Specifically, before each trial training begins, the display screen is used to determine and display preset display information, and the display information is used to guide the animal subject to observe the target area of ​​the display screen. The eye tracker obtains the eye movement data of the animal subject and sends the eye movement data to the processing device. Then, the processing device determines whether the first time duration of the animal subject observing the target area before the training begins exceeds the second time duration based on the eye movement data sent by the eye tracker. If so, it is determined that the animal subject has met the start condition of the current trial training.

[0056] For example, when the continuous gaze duration of the animal object in observing the target area reaches 500 milliseconds, it is considered that the animal object has started the training of this trial. Of course, the second duration can be set according to actual needs. 500 milliseconds is only one embodiment provided in this specification. It can also be set to 400 milliseconds, 300 milliseconds, 600 milliseconds, etc., or other durations. This specification does not limit this.

[0057] It should be noted that in one or more embodiments of the present specification, the specific content of the training start condition is not limited, and it can be that the animal object can start the current trial training when the first image is observed for a second time. Of course, it can also be other start conditions, such as pressing a lever to start the task. There are many methods that can be used, which can be set according to actual needs, and this specification will not elaborate on this.

[0058] Since the rules of ODR are relatively complex, if the animal's operation accuracy is low, the training goals of each stage can be lowered to improve the animal's learning efficiency, such as shortening the fixation time according to the preset step length.

[0059] Specifically, the processing device determines the duration for the animal object to achieve the training goal in the current training trial as a reference duration. When the correct trial frequency for the animal object to achieve the training goal is less than a threshold, the reference duration is determined, the reference duration is adjusted in a decreasing direction, and the training of the animal object is repeated based on the adjusted reference duration. When the correct trial frequency for the animal object to achieve the training goal is greater than the threshold but less than the first preset value, the training of the animal object is continued to be repeated according to the reference duration. When the correct trial frequency for the animal object to achieve the training goal reaches the first preset value and the reference duration is less than the first duration, the reference duration is adjusted in an increasing direction, and the training of the animal object is repeated based on the adjusted reference duration.

[0060] For example, if the current training goal is to gaze continuously at the target area for 2500 milliseconds, and the animal subject's continuous gaze at the target area is always less than 2500 milliseconds, or the frequency of continuous gaze at the target area exceeding 2500 milliseconds is less than 50%, the training goal can be reduced to continuous gaze at the target area for 2000 milliseconds. If the animal subject still cannot complete the training goal, or the frequency of completing the training goal does not exceed 50%, the continuous gaze duration can be further reduced until the correct trial frequency of the animal subject completing the training goal exceeds 80%, and then gradually increase the time that the animal subject continuously gazes at the target area until the continuous gaze duration in the training goal exceeds 2500 milliseconds.

[0061] Of course, the ODR task can also be divided. For example, the ODR task can be divided into at least three training stages in advance, such as fixation training, scanning training, and memory training, so as to convert the learning of complex ODR rules into the learning of at least one of the three simple rules.

[0062] Of course, the training objectives for each training phase are different, and the guidance information displayed on the display screen is also different.

[0063] Specifically, during the gaze training phase, the display screen displays a first image at a preset coordinate, and the area where the first image is located is used as the target area. Then, the processing device determines the third duration of the animal object's continuous observation of the target area based on the eye movement data, and judges whether the third duration is not less than the fourth duration. If so, it is determined that the animal object has completed the current trial training, and a correct feedback signal is sent to the speaker. If not, an error feedback signal is sent to the speaker; after the animal object repeats the gaze training, the correct trial frequency of the animal object completing the gaze training is determined, and when the correct trial frequency reaches a second preset value, it is confirmed that the animal object has completed the training of the gaze training phase.

[0064] It should be noted that the processing device determines the progress of the repeated training process during each repeated training process, and the progress includes at least one of the training trials and the training duration. When the progress meets the preset upper limit, the current repeated training process is stopped.

[0065] During the scanning training stage, the display screen displays the first image of the target at the preset coordinates for a certain period of time, and then the first image disappears. After the first image disappears, a second image is randomly displayed within a preset range around the first image, wherein the area where the first image is located is used as the first target area, and the area where the second image is located is used as the second target area.

[0066] Then, the processing device determines, based on the eye movement data, the glance duration used by the animal object to switch its line of sight from the first target area to the second target area after the second image appears, and the fifth time duration of continuous gaze at the second target area, and determines whether the glance duration is not greater than the fourth preset time duration and the fifth time duration is not less than the sixth time duration. If so, it is determined that the animal has completed the trial training and a correct feedback signal is sent to the speaker. If not, an incorrect feedback signal is sent to the speaker.

[0067] After the animal subject repeats the scanning training, the correct trial frequency of the animal subject completing the scanning training is determined. When the correct trial frequency of the animal subject completing the scanning training reaches a third preset value, it is confirmed that the animal subject has completed the training of the scanning training stage.

[0068] During the memory training stage, the display screen displays the first image at the preset coordinates and randomly displays the second image within a preset range around the first image. The second image disappears when the display time reaches the target time. The first image disappears some time after the second image disappears, wherein the area where the first image is located is used as the first target area, and the area where the second image is located is used as the second target area.

[0069] The processing device then determines, based on the eye movement data, that the animal object continues to gaze at the second target area for a seventh time after the first image disappears, and determines whether the seventh time is not less than the eighth time. If so, it is determined that the animal object has completed the training of this trial, and a correct feedback signal is sent to the speaker. If not, an incorrect feedback signal is sent to the speaker.

[0070] After the animal object repeats the training, the correct trial frequency of the animal object achieving the gaze training target is determined. When the correct trial frequency of the animal object achieving the memory training target reaches a fourth preset value, it is confirmed that the animal object has completed the memory training.

[0071] The third preset duration, the fourth preset duration and the fifth preset duration can be set according to actual needs, and can also be appropriately increased according to the number of training times and the training duration. The second preset value, the third preset value and the fourth preset value can all be set according to actual needs, and this specification does not limit this.

[0072] For example, in the gaze training stage, the animal subject is trained to gaze at the first image for at least 2500 milliseconds. When the correct trial frequency of the animal subject to complete the training target reaches 90%, it is considered that the animal subject has achieved the training target in the gaze training stage, and the gaze training can be ended. In the saccade training stage, the animal subject is trained to saccade to the second image within 500 milliseconds after the first image disappears, and stay there for 300 milliseconds. In the memory training stage, after the first image and the second image disappear, the animal subject is trained to saccade to the position before the second image disappears, and stay there for 300 milliseconds.

[0073] It should be noted that the above-mentioned second image and the first image are both a kind of guiding information. In one or more embodiments of this specification, the shape, color and size of the second image are not limited and can be set according to actual needs. And the viewing angle distance between the second image and the first image does not exceed the preset viewing angle, and the preset viewing angle is positively correlated with the distance between the animal object and the display screen. Then, the display screen can convert the preset viewing angle distance into the pixel distance of the display screen, thereby determining the preset range. When displaying the second image, the second image can appear in any orientation of the first image, and this specification does not limit this.

[0074] Since the rules of the scanning training stage and the memory training stage are relatively complex, in order to guide the animal subject to learn the rules of the scanning training stage and the memory training stage, in addition to appropriately reducing the continuous gaze time required in the training goal, when the correct trial frequency of the animal subject in the scanning training stage or the memory training stage is lower than the threshold, the cause of the animal subject's error can be determined first. If the animal subject scans immediately when the second image flashes, the flashing time of the second image can be shortened. If the animal subject fails to scan the area where the second image is located after the first image disappears, the second image can be displayed again to guide its scanning. After several trials, this guiding step needs to be revoked. If the experimental monkey scans the wrong area, the disappearance time of the first image is advanced. Thereby guiding the animal subject to complete the training of the scanning training stage and the memory training stage.

[0075] In order to prevent the animal subject from developing a specific cognition of the position of the second image, the area where the second image is located in each trial can be modified to reduce the number of times the second image flashes in the preferred area.

[0076] like Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4A method for determining a preset range provided in this specification, after determining the preset viewing angle γ, the preset range can be determined according to the distance between the eyes of the animal object and the display screen, and the trigonometric function, that is, Figure 4 The radius of the circle on the screen.

[0077] The device may also be provided with a reward device, which includes at least a hose, which is in front of the mouth of the animal object, so that the animal object can obtain liquid rewards through the hose. The liquid reward includes at least water, and may also include sucrose, etc. This specification does not limit this, and it can be set according to actual needs. Of course, in one embodiment of this specification, it is not limited to what specific method the reward device uses to determine the injection of liquid rewards into the hose so that the animal object can obtain liquid rewards. A solenoid valve or a peristaltic pump can be connected to the hose to inject the liquid reward into the hose. Of course, the liquid reward can also be injected into the hose manually, or a container containing liquid rewards can be placed at a higher position, and a valve can be installed at the mouth of the container. When the animal object completes the training, the valve is opened to allow the liquid reward in the container at a high position to flow into the hose. It can be set according to actual needs.

[0078] When the animal object achieves the training goal, the processing device sends a correct feedback signal to the reward device, and then the reward device replenishes a preset flow of liquid reward into the hose in response to the correct feedback signal.

[0079] It should be noted that during the training period, the animal subjects should reduce their water intake appropriately to increase their training motivation. In order to ensure the physical and mental health of the animal subjects, the daily water intake (including the water content of green fodder) during the training period shall not be less than 80% of the normal daily water intake, and the weight of the animal subjects shall not be less than 90% of the weight before water control. If the animal subjects are not motivated enough, the daily water intake during the water control period can be reduced to 80% and 60% of the normal daily water intake in a gradient. Of course, the weight of the animal subjects should be closely monitored during the water control period to ensure that it is within a healthy range. The training schedule should be carefully arranged, with a maximum of 6 training days per week, and the daily water intake can be appropriately increased on rest days.

[0080] It should be noted that this manual does not limit the specific method used by the display screen to determine the current training stage. It can be determined based on historical training logs. When the frequency of correct trials completed by the animal subject in training reaches the corresponding preset value, the next stage of training can be started. It can also be adjusted manually according to actual needs.

[0081] In one or more embodiments of the present specification, if the training operation of the animal object in the current trial is wrong, the training of the next trial can be started immediately, or the training can be started again after a period of time, and the present specification does not limit this.

[0082] In addition, based on the same idea, the device can also be used for training other cognitive tasks such as Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Stroop Task, depth perception task, etc., and this manual does not limit this.

[0083] It should also be noted that the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, commodity or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, commodity or device. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, commodity or device including the elements.

[0084] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment.

[0085] This specification also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, which can be used to execute the above Figure 2 Provided is content executed by a processing device of a device guiding the completion of an eye movement delayed response task.

[0086] This manual also provides Figure 5 As shown in Figure 5, at the hardware level, the electronic device includes a processor, an internal bus, a network interface, a memory, and a non-volatile memory, and may also include other hardware required for the business. The processor reads the corresponding computer program from the non-volatile memory into the memory and then runs it to achieve the above Figure 1 The processing device in the device for guiding the completion of the eye movement delayed reaction task. Of course, in addition to the software implementation, this specification does not exclude other implementations, such as logic devices or a combination of software and hardware, etc., that is, the execution subject of the following processing flow is not limited to each logic unit, but can also be hardware or logic devices.

[0087] In the 1990s, it was very clear whether the improvement of a technology was hardware improvement (for example, improvement of the circuit structure of diodes, transistors, switches, etc.) or software improvement (improvement of the method flow). However, with the development of technology, many improvements of the method flow today can be regarded as direct improvements of the hardware circuit structure. Designers almost always obtain the corresponding hardware circuit structure by programming the improved method flow into the hardware circuit. Therefore, it cannot be said that the improvement of a method flow cannot be implemented with hardware entity modules. For example, a programmable logic device (PLD) (such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA)) is such an integrated circuit whose logical function is determined by the user's programming of the device. Designers can "integrate" a digital system on a PLD by programming it themselves, without having to ask chip manufacturers to design and make dedicated integrated circuit chips. Moreover, nowadays, instead of manually making integrated circuit chips, this kind of programming is mostly implemented by "logic compiler" software, which is similar to the software compiler used when developing and writing programs, and the original code before compilation must also be written in a specific programming language, which is called hardware description language (HDL). There is not only one kind of HDL, but many kinds, such as ABEL (Advanced Boolean Expression Language), AHDL (Altera Hardware Description Language), Confluence, CUPL (Cornell University Programming Language), HDCal, JHDL (Java Hardware Description Language), Lava, Lola, MyHDL, PALASM, RHDL (Ruby Hardware Description Language), etc. The most commonly used ones are VHDL (Very-High-Speed ​​Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language) and Verilog. Those skilled in the art should also know that it is only necessary to program the method flow slightly in the above-mentioned hardware description languages ​​and program it into the integrated circuit, and then it is easy to obtain the hardware circuit that implements the logic method flow.

[0088] The controller may be implemented in any suitable manner, for example, the controller may take the form of a microprocessor or processor and a computer-readable medium storing a computer-readable program code (e.g., software or firmware) executable by the (micro)processor, a logic gate, a switch, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic controller, and an embedded microcontroller, examples of which include but are not limited to the following microcontrollers: ARC 625D, Atmel AT91SAM, Microchip PIC18F26K20, and Silicone Labs C8051F320, and the memory controller may also be implemented as part of the control logic of the memory. It is also known to those skilled in the art that, in addition to implementing the controller in a purely computer-readable program code manner, the controller may be implemented in the form of a logic gate, a switch, an application-specific integrated circuit, a programmable logic controller, and an embedded microcontroller by logically programming the method steps. Therefore, such a controller may be considered as a hardware component, and the devices for implementing various functions included therein may also be considered as structures within the hardware component. Or even, the devices for implementing various functions may be considered as both software modules for implementing the method and structures within the hardware component.

[0089] The systems, devices, modules or units described in the above embodiments may be implemented by computer chips or entities, or by products with certain functions. A typical implementation device is a computer. Specifically, the computer may be, for example, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a cellular phone, a camera phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant, a media player, a navigation device, an email device, a game console, a tablet computer, a wearable device, or a combination of any of these devices.

[0090] For the convenience of description, the above device is described in various units according to their functions. Of course, when implementing this specification, the functions of each unit can be implemented in the same or multiple software and / or hardware.

[0091] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0092] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0093] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0094] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0095] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0096] The memory may include non-permanent storage in a computer-readable medium, random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory in the form of read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. The memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.

[0097] Computer readable media include permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can be implemented by any method or technology to store information. Information can be computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission media that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, computer readable media does not include temporary computer readable media (transitory media), such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0098] It should also be noted that the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, commodity or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, commodity or device. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, commodity or device including the elements.

[0099] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments of this specification may be provided as methods, systems or computer program products. Therefore, this specification may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, this specification may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0100] This specification may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions executed by a computer, such as program modules. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. This specification may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices connected through a communication network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in local and remote computer storage media, including storage devices.

[0101] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment.

[0102] The above description is only an embodiment of this specification and is not intended to limit this specification. For those skilled in the art, this specification may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of this specification should be included in the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A device for guiding the completion of an eye movement delayed reaction task, characterized in that: The device is used to train a non-human primate animal subject, and the device at least includes an eye tracker, a display screen, a processing device, and a speaker. The device is used to repeatedly train the animal subject to establish a behavioral animal model that meets the experimental requirements for measuring advanced cognitive functions. In each trial training: The display screen is used to determine and display guidance information, wherein the guidance information is used to guide the animal object to observe a target area of ​​the display screen; The eye tracker is used to obtain eye movement data of the animal object and send the eye movement data to the processing device; The speaker is used to play a first audio according to a correct feedback signal sent by the processing device; and to play a second audio according to an incorrect feedback signal sent by the processing device, wherein the frequency of the first audio is higher than that of the second audio; The processing device is used to determine whether the duration for which the animal subject observes the target area reaches a first duration based on the eye movement data; when the first duration is not reached, determine to send an error feedback signal to the speaker; when the first duration is reached, determine to complete a training goal and send a correct feedback signal to the speaker; when the correct trial frequency of the animal subject completing the training goal reaches a first preset value through repeated training, determine to obtain a behavioral animal model that meets the experimental requirements of measuring advanced cognitive functions.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing device is used to determine the time taken by the animal subject to achieve the training goal in the current training trial as a reference time; When the correct trial frequency of the animal subject to achieve the training goal is less than a threshold, determining the reference duration, adjusting the reference duration in a decreasing direction, and repeatedly training the animal subject based on the adjusted reference duration; When the correct trial frequency of the animal subject achieving the training goal is greater than the threshold value and less than the first preset value, continuing to repeatedly train the animal subject according to the reference time length; When the correct trial frequency of the animal subject to achieve the training goal reaches the first preset value and the reference duration is less than the first duration, the reference duration is adjusted in an increasing direction, and the animal subject is repeatedly trained based on the adjusted reference duration.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The delayed eye movement response task includes at least one training phase among a fixation training phase, a saccade training phase and a memory training phase.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Before each trial training begins, the display screen is used to determine and display preset display information, and the display information is used to guide the animal subject to observe the target area of ​​the display screen; The eye tracker is used to obtain eye movement data of the animal object and send the eye movement data to the processing device; The processing device is used to determine whether the first time duration that the animal object observes the target area before the training starts exceeds the second time duration based on the eye movement data sent by the eye tracker. If so, it is determined that the animal object has met the start conditions for the current trial training; if not, it is determined that the animal object has not met the start conditions for the current trial training.

5. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that: During the gaze training phase, the display screen is used to display a first image at a preset coordinate, and the area where the first image is located is used as the target area; The processing device is used to determine, based on the eye movement data, a third duration for which the animal object continuously observes the target area, and judge whether the third duration is not less than a fourth duration; if so, determine that the animal object has completed the training of this stage, and send a correct feedback signal to the speaker; if not, send an incorrect feedback signal to the speaker; when the animal object repeats the gaze training, determine the correct trial frequency of the animal object completing the gaze training; when the frequency reaches a second preset value, confirm that the animal object has completed the training of the gaze training stage.

6. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that During the scanning training stage, the display screen is used to display the first image target at a preset coordinate for a period of time and then disappear, and after the first image disappears, randomly display a second image within a preset range around the first image, wherein the area where the first image is located is used as the first target area, and the area where the second image is located is used as the second target area; The processing device is used to determine, based on the eye movement data, the scanning time used by the animal object to switch its line of sight from the first target area to the second target area after the second image appears, and the fifth time duration of continuous gaze at the second target area, and judge whether the scanning time is not greater than a fourth preset time duration, and the fifth time duration is not less than a sixth time duration; if so, it is determined that the animal object has completed the training of this stage and a correct feedback signal is sent to the speaker; if not, an incorrect feedback signal is sent to the speaker; when the animal object repeats the scanning training, it is determined that the animal object has achieved the accuracy requirement of the scanning training; when the frequency of the animal object completing the scanning training reaches a third preset value, it is confirmed that the animal object has completed the training of the scanning training stage.

7. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that In the memory training stage, the display screen is used to display a first image at a preset coordinate, and randomly display a second image within a preset range around the first image, and the second image disappears when the display time reaches a target time, and the first image disappears after a period of time after the second image disappears, wherein the area where the first image is located is used as the first target area, and the area where the second image is located is used as the second target area; The processing device is used to determine, based on the eye movement data, the seventh duration that the animal object continues to gaze at the second target area after the first image disappears, and judge whether the seventh duration is not less than the eighth duration; if so, it is determined that the animal object has completed the training of this stage and a correct feedback signal is sent to the speaker; if not, an incorrect feedback signal is sent to the speaker; when the animal object repeats the memory training, the accuracy rate of the animal object in achieving the gaze training goal is determined; when the frequency of the animal object achieving the training goal reaches a fourth preset value, it is confirmed that the animal object has completed the memory training.

8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device obtains a behavioral animal model that meets the requirements for testing advanced cognitive functions by performing the repeated training on the animal subject for multiple times; The processing device is used to determine the progress of the repeated training process during each repeated training process, where the progress includes at least one of training trials and training duration, and when the progress meets a preset upper limit, stop the current repeated training process.

9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The apparatus further comprises a reward device, the reward device comprising at least a hose, the hose being located in front of the mouth of the animal subject so that the animal subject can obtain a liquid reward through the hose, the liquid reward comprising at least water; The processing device is used to send a correct feedback signal to the reward device when the animal subject achieves the training goal; The reward device is used to replenish a preset flow rate of liquid reward into the hose in response to the correct feedback signal.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the content executed by the processing device in the apparatus described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is implemented.

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