Nail placement guide device for spinal surgery

Abstract

The invention discloses a screw placement guiding device for spinal surgery, and belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, the screw placement guiding device for spinal surgery comprises a base and a transverse regulator, one end of the transverse regulator is rotatably connected to the top end of the base, and the screw placement guiding device for spinal surgery further comprises a screw placement guider arranged at the other end of the transverse regulator; the screw placement guider comprises a screw placement frame, a guider and a hand-operated positioner, the nail placing frame is arranged at the end part of the transverse regulator; the guider is rotatably connected in the screw placement frame, the infrared emitter, the kirschner wire and the screw placement tool which can switch positions mutually are arranged on the guider, the angle and the position of spinal screw placement are preliminarily determined by the infrared emitter, and the angle and the position of the kirschner wire are judged to be accurate by switching to the kirschner wire. According to the device, the screw placement angle can be accurately adjusted and fixed, the problem that the operation view of a doctor is shielded is solved, and the clinical operation requirement can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, and in particular to a screw placement guide device for spinal surgery. Background Art

[0002] With the improvement of medical level, there are more and more ways to treat diseases. In the process of treating spinal deformity, spinal bending and spinal diseases, it is a common treatment method in medicine to correct the shape of the spine by driving threaded screws into the spine and then fixing it with a fixing device.

[0003] During the entire spinal correction surgery, the process of inserting screws into the spine is very critical. Finding the best designated position and angle and accurately inserting the screws takes up a lot of time during the surgery. Conventional operations are for doctors to manually insert the screws after comprehensive analysis based on 3D scanning data. There are also auxiliary positioning devices, but the existing auxiliary positioning devices have the following main problems during use: During the process of surgical nail placement for a patient, the angle of the nail needs to be adjusted according to the patient's condition. The existing nail placement process cannot achieve accurate adjustment and fixation of the nail angle, and the structure is complex, the doctor's surgical field of view is limited, and it cannot meet clinical surgical needs. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems in the prior art and to provide a nail placement guide device for spinal surgery. The device can achieve precise adjustment and fixation of the nail placement angle during use and has a simple structure. By moving the infrared transmitter, Kirschner wire and nail placement tool in the guide, the problem of the doctor's surgical field being blocked is avoided, and the needs of clinical surgery can be met.

[0005] The present invention provides a screw placement guide device for spinal surgery, comprising a base and a transverse adjuster, one end of the transverse adjuster is rotatably connected to the top of the base, the screw placement guide device for spinal surgery also includes a screw placement guide arranged at the other end of the transverse adjuster, the screw placement guide includes: a screw placement frame, a guide and a hand-pull type positioner; the screw placement frame is arranged at the end of the transverse adjuster; the guide is rotatably connected in the screw placement frame, and an infrared transmitter, a Kirschner wire and a screw placement tool that can switch positions with each other are arranged on the guide, the infrared transmitter preliminarily determines the angle and position of spinal screw placement, switches to the Kirschner wire to determine whether the angle and position of the Kirschner wire are accurate, and then switches to the screw placement tool for screw placement operation; the hand-pull type positioner is arranged outside the screw placement frame, and is used to limit the rotation angle of the guide.

[0006] Preferably, the guide comprises: a guide plate and a switching slide; a switching slide groove is provided on the surface of the guide plate, and a perforation is provided on the bottom surface of the switching slide groove; the switching slide groove is slidably arranged in the switching slide groove, and a first bayonet for placing a Kirschner wire, a second bayonet for placing an infrared transmitter and a third bayonet for placing a nail placement tool are sequentially provided along the sliding direction of the switching slide groove, and the nail placement tool simultaneously passes through the third bayonet and the perforation to realize the clamping of the nail placement tool for the nail placement operation.

[0007] Preferably, both side walls of the switching slide groove are provided with three positioning holes along the sliding direction of the switching slider; the switching slider is provided with a first sliding hole, and two positioning pins are coaxially arranged in the first sliding hole, and the ends of the two positioning pins close to each other are respectively connected to the two ends of the first spring, and the first spring pushes the two positioning pins away from each other, and allows the positioning pins to be inserted into the corresponding positioning holes to achieve limiting, and the ends of each positioning pin connected to the first spring are fixedly connected to a lever.

[0008] Preferably, the hand-operated positioner comprises: a locking disk, a limiting arc plate and a shaft rod; the center of the locking disk is fixedly connected to the guide disk via a rotating shaft member, the rotating shaft member is rotatably arranged on the nail setting frame, and a plurality of first gear teeth are arranged on the circumference of the locking disk; a plurality of first tooth grooves are evenly arranged on the inner arc surface of the limiting arc plate, and each of the first tooth grooves can engage with each of the first gear teeth to achieve the limitation of the rotation angle of the locking disk and the guide disk; the end of the shaft rod is fixedly connected to the outer arc surface of the limiting arc plate, and the shaft rod is moved to achieve the release of the limiting arc plate from limiting the locking disk.

[0009] Preferably, a connecting plate is provided on the nail setting frame, the connecting plate is provided with a through hole, the shaft rod is passed through the through hole, a second spring is sleeved on the shaft rod, and two ends of the second spring respectively abut against the limiting arc plate and the connecting plate; an annular groove is provided at the end of the shaft rod away from the limiting arc plate, and a first plate body and a second plate body are provided on the connecting plate, the first plate body and the second plate body are fixedly connected to form an L-plate, and the connecting plate is rotatably connected at the corner of the L-plate, and a notch is provided at the edge of the first plate body away from the second plate body, and the opposite side walls of the notch are slidably connected with the annular bottom wall of the annular groove, pushing the second plate body close to the locking plate, so that the first plate body pulls the shaft rod, thereby realizing that the locking plate and the limiting arc plate are away from each other.

[0010] Preferably, a rotation angle locator is also provided between the lateral locator and the nail placement guide for controlling the angle change of the nail placement locator, the rotation angle locator comprising: a guide rod, a sleeve and two drive assemblies, one end of the guide rod is fixedly connected to the nail placement frame; the sleeve is sleeved on the other end of the guide rod and fixedly connected to the end of the lateral locator; the two drive assemblies are respectively located on both sides of the sleeve, and each drive assembly comprises: a sliding barrel, a sealing sliding seat, a third spring and an arc rubber sleeve; the sliding barrel is fixedly connected and communicated with the sleeve; the sealing sliding seat is arranged in the sliding barrel; the two ends of the third spring respectively abut the sealing sliding seat and the barrel bottom of the sliding barrel to push the sealing sliding seat to move toward the sleeve; the inner arc surface of the arc rubber sleeve abuts the guide rod, and the outer arc surface is connected to the sealing sliding seat through the first sliding rod; the air source enters the sliding barrel and pushes the sealing sliding seat to squeeze the third spring to realize that the arc rubber sleeve is away from the guide rod.

[0011] Preferably, the lateral adjuster comprises a telescopic plate, a telescopic sleeve and a hand pressing structure, one end of the telescopic plate is connected to the nail setting frame, the other end extends into and slidably connected to one end of the telescopic sleeve, the other end of the telescopic sleeve is rotatably connected to the top of the base, and the hand pressing structure is arranged on the telescopic plate; the surface of the telescopic plate is provided with a second slide groove along its own width direction, two second sliding blocks are slidably arranged in the second slide groove, the opposite surfaces of the two second sliding blocks abut the two ends of a fourth spring, and the same side surfaces of the two second sliding blocks are provided with a trapezoidal groove, the surfaces of the two trapezoidal grooves close to each other are both first inclined surfaces, and the two first inclined surfaces are close to each other away from the end of the telescopic plate; the hand pressing structure has two pressure points, the two pressure points respectively abut one of the first inclined surfaces, and the pressure points move simultaneously to drive the two second sliding blocks to approach or move away from each other.

[0012] Preferably, the hand pressing structure comprises: a third slider, an n-shaped slider and a pressing key; a third sliding groove parallel to the surface of the telescopic plate is provided on the first inclined surface, and one of the third sliders is slidably connected in the two third sliding grooves, a fifth spring is connected between the third slider and the lower wall of the third sliding groove, and a second inclined surface with the same inclination direction as the first inclined surface on the corresponding side is provided on the side away from each other of the two third sliders; a guide sliding hole along its own length direction is provided on the telescopic sleeve, the n-shaped slider is arranged in the guide sliding hole, two second sliding holes are provided on the top of the n-shaped slider, and a third sliding hole and a fourth sliding hole are provided on both sides of the n-shaped slider, the third sliding hole is further away from the telescopic plate than the fourth sliding hole, and the third sliding hole is connected to the second sliding hole on the corresponding side; two second sliding rods are fixedly connected to the same side of the pressing key, and the two second sliding rods respectively extend into one of the second sliding holes to be able to resist the second inclined surface.

[0013] Preferably, the base includes: a vertical rod, a sliding barrel seat, a sliding seat and a screw rod; the upper end of the vertical rod is rotatably connected to the end of the lateral adjuster; the inner wall of the sliding barrel seat is slidably connected to the vertical rod; the sliding seat is fixedly connected to the middle of the vertical rod; the screw rod is threadedly connected to the sliding seat, and the screw rod is parallel to the vertical rod, and the end of the screw rod is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the sliding barrel seat to drive the screw rod to rotate, so as to realize the vertical movement of the vertical rod.

[0014] Preferably, the surface of the telescopic sleeve is provided with a transverse scale for observing and confirming the transverse movement distance; the outer wall of the vertical rod is provided with a vertical scale for observing and confirming the vertical adjustment height.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present spinal surgery screw placement guide device can achieve precise adjustment and fixation of the screw placement angle during use, and has a simple structure. By moving the infrared transmitter, Kirschner wire and screw placement tool in the guide, the problem of the doctor's surgical field being blocked is avoided, and the clinical surgery needs can be met.

[0016] 2. The angle adjustment locking mechanism and the lateral adjuster cooperate to form the polar coordinates of the plane, which can adjust the nail guide to the most suitable position. Compared with the XY coordinate method, the structure is simpler and the impact on the surgical field is reduced. The hand-operated positioner and the rotation angle positioner can adjust the nail guide to the most suitable angle in the surgical area according to the three-dimensional data.

[0017] 3. The hand pressing structure can stably and accurately lock the position, and avoid the problem of locking failure caused by frequent use, thereby improving the stability and practicality of the device.

[0018] 4. All devices are detachable structures, which are convenient for periodic maintenance and sufficient sterilization and disinfection, and are low in cost, simple to operate, and easy to popularize. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the first three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the second three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the third three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the guide plate of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the guide plate of the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Sectional view at AA in the middle; Figure 7 for Figure 5 Middle transverse section view; Figure 8 for Figure 7 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle; Fig. 9 for Figure 7 A partial enlarged view of point C in the middle; Fig.10 for Figure 1 Sectional view at DD in the middle; Fig.11 for Figure 1 Sectional view at EE; Fig.12 It is a structural schematic diagram of an n-shaped slider; Fig.13 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view at FF; Fig.14 for Fig.13 A partial enlarged view of point G in the middle.

[0020] Description of reference numerals: 1. Base, 2. Nail frame, 3. Guide plate, 4. Rotating shaft, 5. Locking plate, 6. Limiting arc plate, 7. Axis rod, 8. Connecting plate, 9. Second spring, 10. First plate, 11. Second plate, 12. Perforation, 13. Switching slide, 14. Switching slider, 15. First bayonet, 16. Second bayonet, 17. Third bayonet, 18. Positioning hole, 19. Positioning pin, 21. First spring, 22. Push rod, 23. Axis pin, 24. Bushing, 25. Limiting hole, 26. Guide rod, 27. Roller, 28. Sleeve, 29. Sliding barrel, 30. Sealing slide, 31. First slide, 32. Arc rubber sleeve , 33. end cover, 34. third spring, 35. pipeline, 36. airbag, 37. telescopic plate, 38. telescopic sleeve, 39. second slider, 40. fourth slide hole, 42. third slider, 43. n-shaped slider, 44. third slide hole, 45. second slide hole, 46. second slide rod, 47. press key, 48. sixth spring, 49. slide sleeve, 50. guide slide hole, 51. nut, 52. cylindrical rubber pad, 53. retaining ring, 54. limit slide hole, 55. limit slide rod, 56. first hand wheel, 57. vertical rod, 58. slide barrel seat, 59. screw, 60. driven wheel, 61. driving wheel, 62. second hand wheel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiment of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the usual meanings understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs. "Include" or "comprises" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Inside", "outside", "upper", "lower", "far", "near", "front", "back", etc. are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0023] The drawings in the present invention are not drawn strictly according to the actual scale, and the specific size and quantity of each structure can be determined according to actual needs. The drawings described in the present invention are only schematic diagrams of the structures.

[0024] The present invention provides a spinal surgery screw placement guide device, such as Figure 1~Figure 3 It includes a base 1 and a lateral adjuster, one end of the lateral adjuster is rotatably connected to the top of the base 1, and the nail placement guide device for spinal surgery also includes a nail placement guide arranged at the other end of the lateral adjuster, and the nail placement guide includes: a nail placement frame 2, a guide and a hand-pull type positioner; the nail placement frame 2 is arranged at the end of the lateral adjuster; the guide is rotatably connected in the nail placement frame, and an infrared transmitter, a Kirschner wire and a nail placement tool that can switch positions with each other are arranged on the guide. The infrared transmitter preliminarily determines the angle and position of the spinal nail placement, switches to the Kirschner wire to determine whether the angle and position of the Kirschner wire are accurate, and then switches to the nail placement tool for nail placement operation; the hand-pull type positioner is arranged outside the nail placement frame to limit the rotation angle of the guide.

[0025] The lateral regulator in the screw placement guide device for spinal surgery is used to adjust the lateral position of the screw placement guide so that the screw placement guide can be located at a suitable position above the patient's spine. The hand-pull type positioner is used to limit the rotation angle of the guide. By operating the hand-pull type positioner, the limit on the guide is released, and the angle of the guide is changed by rotating the guide. At the same time, the infrared transmitter, the Kirschner wire and the screw placement tool can move relative to each other and can all move to the target position on the guide. After the infrared transmitter moves to the target position, the angle and position of the spinal screw placement are preliminarily determined, the Kirschner wire is switched to the target position to determine whether the angle and position of the Kirschner wire are accurate, and then the screw placement tool is switched to the target position for the screw placement operation.

[0026] The present spinal surgery nail placement guide device can achieve precise adjustment and fixation of the nail placement angle during use and has a simple structure. By moving the infrared transmitter, Kirschner wire and nail placement tool in the guide, the problem of the doctor's surgical field being blocked is avoided, and the clinical surgical needs can be met.

[0027] In this embodiment, Figure 4~Figure 7 The guide comprises: a guide plate 3 and a switching slide block 14; a switching slide groove 13 is provided on the surface of the guide plate 3, and a through hole 12 is provided on the bottom surface of the switching slide groove 13; the switching slide block 14 is slidably arranged in the switching slide groove 13, and a first bayonet 15 for placing a Kirschner wire, a second bayonet 16 for placing an infrared transmitter and a third bayonet 17 for placing a nail placement tool are sequentially arranged along the sliding direction of the switching slide block 14, and the nail placement tool passes through the third bayonet 17 and the through hole 12 at the same time to realize the clamping and setting of the nail tool, so as to facilitate the nail placement operation.

[0028] By moving the switching slider 14, the first bayonet 15, the second bayonet 16 and the third bayonet 17 can all be located at the center of the perforation 12. When the first bayonet 15, the second bayonet 16 and the third bayonet 17 are all located at the center of the perforation 12, an infrared transmitter is placed on the second bayonet 16 so that the light of the infrared transmitter can reach the optimal angle and position for nail placement; a Kirschner wire is placed on the first bayonet 15 to provide a reference and determine whether the current angle and position of the Kirschner wire are correct; finally, the nail placement tool is clamped on the third bayonet 17 to place the nail in the patient's spine. The above process can prevent the doctor's line of sight from being blocked during the process of aligning the angle and position, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of the operation.

[0029] In this embodiment, Figure 4~Figure 6The two side walls of the switching slide groove 13 are provided with three positioning holes 18 along the sliding direction of the switching slider 14; the switching slider 14 is provided with a first sliding hole 20, and two positioning pins 19 are coaxially arranged in the first sliding hole 20, and the ends of the two positioning pins 19 close to each other are respectively connected to the two ends of the first spring 21, and the first spring 21 pushes the two positioning pins 19 away from each other, and makes the positioning pins 19 inserted into the corresponding positioning holes 18 to achieve limiting, and the ends of each positioning pin 19 connected to the first spring 21 are fixedly connected to the lever 22.

[0030] The doctor pinches the two levers 22 to make the two positioning pins 19 approach each other and squeeze the first spring 21, so as to release the position restriction of the positioning pins 19 on the switching slider 14, and facilitate the movement of the switching slider 14. Similarly, after the doctor releases his hand, the first spring 21 pushes the positioning pin 19 into the positioning hole 18 to achieve re-positioning. The above structure is simple, the operation is simple, the positioning is accurate, and the positioning error is reduced.

[0031] In this embodiment, Figure 7 The hand-operated positioner comprises: a locking disk 5, a limiting arc plate 6 and a shaft rod 7; the center of the locking disk 5 is fixedly connected to the guide disk 3 through a rotating shaft member 4, the rotating shaft member 4 is rotatably arranged on the nail setting frame 2, and a plurality of first gear teeth are arranged on the circumference of the locking disk 5; a plurality of first tooth grooves are evenly arranged on the inner arc surface of the limiting arc plate 6, and each of the first tooth grooves can mesh with each of the first gear teeth to limit the rotation angle of the locking disk 5 and the guide disk 3; the end of the shaft rod 7 is fixedly connected to the outer arc surface of the limiting arc plate 6, and the shaft rod 7 is moved to realize that the limiting arc plate 6 releases the limit on the locking disk 5.

[0032] The nail setting frame 2 is provided with a connecting plate 8, and the connecting plate 8 is provided with a through hole, in which the shaft rod 7 is passed, and a second spring 9 is sleeved on the shaft rod 7, and the two ends of the second spring 9 respectively abut the limiting arc plate 6 and the connecting plate 8; the end of the shaft rod 7 away from the limiting arc plate 6 is provided with an annular groove, and the connecting plate 8 is provided with a first plate body 10 and a second plate body 11, the first plate body 10 and the second plate body 11 are fixedly connected to form an L plate, and the corner of the L plate is rotatably connected to the connecting plate 8, and the edge of the first plate body 10 away from the second plate body 11 is provided with a notch, and the opposite side walls of the notch are slidably connected with the annular bottom wall of the annular groove, pushing the second plate body 11 close to the locking plate 5, so that the first plate body 10 pulls the shaft rod 7, thereby realizing that the locking plate 5 and the limiting arc plate 6 are away from each other.

[0033] In the above structure, by pressing the second plate body 11, the first plate body 10 pushes the shaft rod 7 to move to the right, further causing the limiting arc plate 6 to disengage from the locking plate 5, thereby facilitating the synchronous rotation of the locking plate 5 and the guide plate 3. The first tooth groove engages with the first gear tooth to limit the rotation of the locking plate 5.

[0034] like Figure 7 and Fig. 9 The arc side wall of the guide plate 3 is fixedly connected with a locking plate 5 through a rotating shaft member 4, and the rotating shaft member 4 is rotatably connected to a rotating hole provided on the frame 2. The number of the rotating shaft members 4 is two, and the two rotating shaft members 4 are coaxial and respectively fixed on both sides of the guide plate 3. Each of the rotating shaft members 4 includes an axle pin 23 and a shaft sleeve 24, and the shaft sleeve 24 is fixedly connected to the guide plate 3. The axle pin 23 penetrates into the shaft sleeve 24, and the axle pin 23 and the shaft sleeve 24 are provided with a limiting hole 25 for penetrating the pin. The axle pin 23 is rotatably connected in the rotating hole, and an end of one of the axle pins 23 is fixedly connected to the center of the disk surface of the locking plate 5.

[0035] The pin is inserted into the limiting hole 25 on the corresponding side of the shaft pin 23 and the shaft sleeve 24, so that the shaft pin 23 and the shaft sleeve 24 can rotate synchronously, and the shaft pin 23 has a nail cap, and both nail caps are located on the outside of the frame 2 to prevent the guide plate 3 from falling off.

[0036] In this embodiment, Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Fig.10 A rotation angle positioner is also provided between the lateral positioner and the nail placement guide, for controlling the angle change of the nail placement positioner, and the rotation angle positioner comprises: a guide rod 26, a sleeve 28 and two driving components; one end of the guide rod 26 is fixedly connected to the nail placement frame 2; the sleeve 28 is sleeved on the other end of the guide rod 26 and fixedly connected to the end of the lateral positioner; the two driving components are respectively located on both sides of the sleeve 28, and each driving component comprises: a sliding barrel 29, a sealing sliding seat 30, a third spring 34 and an arc rubber sleeve 32; the sliding barrel 29 is fixedly connected and communicated with the sleeve 28; the sealing sliding seat 30 is arranged in the sliding barrel 29; the third spring 34 The two ends respectively abut the sealing slide 30 and the bottom of the slide barrel 29, and the end of the slide barrel 29 away from the sleeve 28 is threadedly connected with an end cover 33, and the end cover 33 and the sealing slide 30 are respectively connected to the two ends of the third spring 34 to push the sealing slide 30 to move toward the sleeve 28; the inner arc surface of the arc rubber sleeve 32 abuts the guide rod 26, and the outer arc surface is connected to the sealing slide 30 through the first slide rod 31; the air source enters the slide barrel 29 and pushes the sealing slide 30 to squeeze the third spring 34 to realize that the arc rubber sleeve 32 is away from the guide rod 26; by adjusting the tightening depth of the end cover 33, the elastic force of the third spring 34 on the arc rubber sleeve 32 can be adjusted to change the locking force.

[0037] The air source is stored in the airbag 36, and the airbag 36 is connected to two pipes 35, each of which is connected to a slide barrel 29, and the pipes 35 on the same side are located between the sealing slide seat 30 and the sleeve 28. When it is necessary to axially rotate the nail placement frame 2 and adjust the angle of the nail placement tool on the nail placement frame 2, the doctor only needs to manually press the airbag 36, and the gas enters the slide barrel 29 through the pipe 35, and pushes the two sealing slide seats 30 away from each other, and then the sealing slide seat 30 moves with the first slide rod 31 and the arc rubber sleeve 32, and the two arc rubber sleeves 32 are out of contact with the guide rod 26, and the nail placement frame 2 can be rotated at this time.

[0038] A roller 27 and a plurality of second gear teeth are fixedly arranged on the circumference of the guide rod 26, and an angle scale is provided on the circumference. At the same time, the outer wall of the end of the roller 27 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the end of the sleeve 28, and the end of the sleeve 28 away from the roller 27 is connected to the end of the lateral adjuster through a flange, so as to facilitate the observation and confirmation of the rotation angle of the nail setting frame 2.

[0039] In this embodiment, Figure 1~Figure 3 and Figure 11~Figure 12 The lateral adjuster includes a telescopic plate 37, a telescopic sleeve 38 and a hand pressing structure, one end of the telescopic plate 37 is connected to the nail frame 2, and the other end extends into and slidably connected to one end of the telescopic sleeve 38, and the other end of the telescopic sleeve 38 is rotatably connected to the top of the base 1, and the hand pressing structure is arranged on the telescopic plate 37; the surface of the telescopic plate 37 is provided with a second slide groove along its own width direction, and two second sliders 39 are slidably arranged in the second slide groove, and the opposite surfaces of the two second sliders 39 abut against the two ends of the fourth spring, and the same side of the two second sliders 39 are provided with a trapezoidal groove, and the surfaces of the two trapezoidal grooves close to each other are both first inclined surfaces, and the two first inclined surfaces are close to each other away from the end of the telescopic plate 37; the hand pressing structure has two pressure points, and the two pressure points respectively abut against one of the first inclined surfaces, and the pressure points move simultaneously to drive the two second sliders 39 to approach or move away from each other.

[0040] The hand pressing structure is pressed, and the two pressing points of the hand pressing structure are respectively against a first inclined surface, so that the two second sliders 39 are close to each other, and the fourth spring is compressed. After the two second sliders 39 are close to each other, the ends of the two second sliders 39 that are away from each other are separated from the inner wall of the telescopic sleeve 38, so that the telescopic plate 37 can slide in the telescopic sleeve 38 to adjust the length of the transverse adjuster. Conversely, after the pressure on the hand pressing structure is removed, the fourth spring is reset and pushes the two second sliders 39 away from each other, and the second sliders 39 contact the inner wall of the telescopic sleeve 38 to generate friction, which is used to limit the movement of the telescopic plate 37 in the telescopic sleeve 38.

[0041] In this embodiment, Figure 11~Figure 12The hand pressing structure includes: a third slider 42, an n-shaped slider 43 and a pressing key 47; a third slide groove parallel to the surface of the telescopic plate 37 is provided on the first inclined surface, and a third slider 42 is slidably connected in each of the two third slide grooves, a fifth spring is connected between the third slider 42 and the lower wall of the third slide groove, and a second inclined surface with the same inclination direction as the first inclined surface on the corresponding side is provided on the side away from each other of the two third sliders 42; a guide slide hole 50 is provided on the telescopic sleeve 38 along its own length direction, such as Figure 1 , the n-shaped slider 43 is arranged in the guide sliding hole 50, two second sliding holes 45 are arranged on the top of the n-shaped slider 43, and a third sliding hole 44 and a fourth sliding hole 40 are arranged on both sides of the n-shaped slider 43. The third sliding hole 44 is farther away from the telescopic plate 37 than the fourth sliding hole 40, and the third sliding hole 44 is connected to the second sliding hole 45 on the corresponding side; two second sliding rods 46 are fixedly connected on the same side of the pressing key 47, and the two second sliding rods 46 respectively extend into one of the second sliding holes 45 and can abut against the second inclined surface. The middle part of the pressing key 47 and the middle part of the n-shaped slider 43 respectively abut against the two ends of the sixth spring 48, and the outer periphery of the pressing key 47 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 49, and the sliding sleeve 49 is fixedly connected to the n-shaped slider 43.

[0042] When the third slider 42 slides into the third slide hole 44, the two second sliders 39 approach each other, and the second sliders 39 are out of contact with the inner wall of the telescopic sleeve 38; when the third slider 42 slides into the fourth slide hole 40, the two second sliders 39 move away from each other, and the second sliders 39 are in contact with the inner wall of the telescopic sleeve 38 and have friction. Holding the slide sleeve 49 and pressing the push button 47, under the action of the sixth spring 48, the third slider 42 can enter the third slide hole 44 or the fourth slide hole 40.

[0043] The specific principle is as follows: pressing the sliding sleeve 49 will press down the two second sliders 39, causing them to gather toward the middle and remove the locking resistance. When pressed into place, the third slider 42 is inserted into the third sliding hole 44 and locked, which is convenient for adjusting the extension length of the telescopic plate. After adjustment, press down the pressing key 47 to release the lock of the third slider 42 on the n-shaped slider 43. The fourth spring returns and stretches. The two second sliders 39 push the n-shaped slider 43 to slide upward, causing the fourth sliding hole 40 to lock with the third slider 42 to prevent the n-shaped slider 43 from being ejected. The sliding sleeve 49 has a notch that can limit the pressing key 47 from being ejected. The hand pressing structure can stabilize and accurately lock the position, and avoids the problem of locking failure caused by frequent use, thereby improving the stability and practicality of the device. In this embodiment, Figure 1 and Fig.13The base 1 includes: a vertical rod 57, a sliding barrel seat 58, a sliding seat and a screw 59; the upper end of the vertical rod 57 is rotatably connected to the end of the lateral adjuster; the inner wall of the sliding barrel seat 58 is slidably connected to the vertical rod 57; the sliding seat is fixedly connected to the middle of the vertical rod 57; the screw 59 is threadedly connected to the sliding seat, and the screw 59 is parallel to the vertical rod 57, and the end of the screw 59 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the sliding barrel seat 58, driving the screw 59 to rotate, so as to realize the vertical movement of the vertical rod 57.

[0044] The screw 59 is fixedly connected to a driven wheel 60, and the driven wheel 60 meshes with a driving wheel 61. A second hand wheel 62 is fixedly provided at the center of the driving wheel 61, and the second hand wheel 62 is rotatably arranged on the base 1. By rotating the second hand wheel 62, the driving wheel 61 drives the driven wheel 60 and the screw 59 to rotate in turn, and the screw 59 drives the slide seat to drive the vertical rod 57 to move along the length direction of the slide barrel seat 58 to achieve height adjustment.

[0045] like Figure 13~Figure 14 An angle adjustment locking mechanism is provided between the lateral adjuster and the base 1, and the angle adjustment locking mechanism includes a nut 51, a cylindrical rubber pad 52 and a first hand wheel 56. A vertical hole is provided at the end of the lateral adjuster away from the nail setting frame 2, and a coaxially arranged nut 51 and a cylindrical rubber pad 52 are provided in the vertical hole. The end of the nut 51 away from the cylindrical rubber pad 52 is fixedly connected with the first hand wheel 56, and the upper end of the base 1 extends into the nut 51 and the cylindrical rubber pad 52, and the upper end of the base 1 is threadedly connected to the nut 51. A retaining ring 53 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base 1, and the retaining ring 53 is provided near the side of the lateral adjuster. A plurality of third tooth grooves are provided, and the plurality of third tooth grooves can mesh with a plurality of third gear teeth arranged on the lateral adjuster. A limiting sliding hole 54 is provided on the upper end surface of the base 1, and a limiting sliding rod 55 is slidably provided in the limiting sliding hole. The end of the limiting sliding rod 55 is fixedly connected to the first hand wheel 56. The first hand wheel 56 is tightened to realize that the nut 51 and the retaining ring 53 squeeze the cylindrical rubber pad 52 toward each other. The cylindrical rubber pad 52 is deformed under pressure and generates friction with the inner wall of the vertical hole and the fixed end of the lateral telescopic component to achieve tightening. The first hand wheel 56 is loosened to eliminate the friction. The lateral adjuster can be rotated after moving the lateral adjuster upward.

[0046] The angle adjustment locking mechanism and the lateral adjuster cooperate to form the polar coordinates of the plane, which can adjust the nail guide to the most suitable position. Compared with the XY coordinate method, the structure is simpler and the impact on the surgical field is reduced. The hand-operated positioner and the rotation angle positioner can adjust the nail guide to the most suitable angle in the surgical area according to the three-dimensional data.

[0047] In this embodiment, Figure 1 and Fig.13The surface of the telescopic sleeve 38 is provided with a transverse scale for observing and confirming the transverse movement distance; the outer wall of the vertical rod 57 is provided with a vertical scale for observing and confirming the vertical adjustment height.

[0048] A method for using a screw placement guide device for spinal surgery, comprising the following steps: S100, the patient lies prone, and the doctor determines the best angle and position for screw placement based on the three-dimensional data of the patient's spine, and moves the base 1 and the lateral adjuster so that the screw placement guide is located directly above the affected part of the patient's spine; S200, the doctor squeezes the two levers 22 closer to each other, moves the levers 22 so that the infrared emitter on the switching slider 14 is located at the perforation 12, and releases the levers 22; S300, the doctor operates the hand-operated positioner to release the limit on the guide plate 3, and at the same time rotates the guide plate 3 to adjust the light angle of the infrared transmitter so that the light of the infrared transmitter reaches the best nail placement angle and position, and then continues to use the hand-operated positioner to limit the guide plate 3; S400, after confirmation, move the Kirschner wire according to the operation method of step S200 so that the Kirschner wire is located at the perforation 12, scan the position of the Kirschner wire, and comprehensively analyze and determine the current angle and position of the Kirschner wire; S500, after confirmation, move the switch slider 14 according to the operation method of step S200, so that the third bayonet 17 is located at the perforation 12, and install the nailing tool at the third bayonet 17; S600: The doctor operates the nail placement tool to place nails on the affected part of the patient's spine.

[0049] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A screw placement guide device for spinal surgery, comprising a base (1) and a lateral adjuster, one end of the lateral adjuster being rotatably connected to the top of the base (1), characterized in that: It also includes a nail placement guide arranged at the other end of the lateral adjuster, and the nail placement guide includes: A nail placement frame (2) is arranged at the end of the lateral adjuster; The guide is rotatably connected in the nail placement frame. The guide is provided with an infrared transmitter, a Kirschner wire and a nail placement tool that can switch positions with each other. The infrared transmitter preliminarily determines the angle and position of the spinal nail placement, switches to the Kirschner wire to determine whether the angle and position of the Kirschner wire are accurate, and then switches to the nail placement tool for nail placement operation; The hand-operated positioner is arranged outside the nail setting frame and is used to limit the rotation angle of the guide.

2. A spinal surgery screw placement guide device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The guide comprises: A guide plate (3) having a switching slide groove (13) on its surface, and a bottom surface of the switching slide groove (13) having a perforation (12); A switching slide block (14) is slidably disposed in the switching slide groove (13); a first bayonet (15) for placing a Kirschner wire, a second bayonet (16) for placing an infrared transmitter, and a third bayonet (17) for placing a nail placement tool are sequentially disposed along the sliding direction of the switching slide block (14); the nail placement tool simultaneously passes through the third bayonet (17) and the perforation (12) to realize the clamping of the nail placement tool, so as to facilitate the nail placement operation.

3. A spinal surgery screw guide device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: Both side walls of the switching slide groove (13) are provided with three positioning holes (18) along the sliding direction of the switching slide block (14); The switching slider (14) is provided with a first sliding hole (20), two positioning pins (19) are coaxially arranged in the first sliding hole (20), the ends of the two positioning pins (19) close to each other are respectively connected to the two ends of a first spring (21), the first spring (21) pushes the two positioning pins (19) away from each other, and enables the positioning pins (19) to be inserted into the corresponding positioning holes (18) to achieve position limiting, and the ends of each positioning pin (19) connected to the first spring (21) are fixedly connected to a shifting rod (22).

4. A spinal surgery screw placement guide device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The hand-operated positioner comprises: A locking disk (5), the center of which is fixedly connected to the guide disk (3) via a rotating shaft (4), the rotating shaft (4) being rotatably disposed on the nail placement frame (2), and a plurality of first gear teeth being disposed on the circumference of the locking disk (5); A limiting arc plate (6) having a plurality of first tooth grooves evenly arranged on its inner arc surface, each of the first tooth grooves being capable of meshing with each of the first gear teeth, thereby limiting the rotation angle of the locking disk (5) and the guide disk (3); The end of the shaft rod (7) is fixedly connected to the outer arc surface of the limiting arc plate (6), and the shaft rod (7) is moved to enable the limiting arc plate (6) to release the limiting of the locking disk (5).

5. A spinal surgery screw placement guide device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The nail placement frame (2) is provided with a connecting plate (8), the connecting plate (8) is provided with a through hole, the shaft (7) is passed through the through hole, a second spring (9) is sleeved on the shaft (7), and two ends of the second spring (9) respectively abut against the limit arc plate (6) and the connecting plate (8); An annular groove is provided at the end of the shaft rod (7) away from the limiting arc plate (6); a first plate body (10) and a second plate body (11) are provided on the connecting plate (8); the first plate body (10) and the second plate body (11) are fixedly connected to form an L plate; the corner of the L plate is rotatably connected to the connecting plate (8); a notch is provided at the edge of the first plate body (10) away from the second plate body (11); opposite side walls of the notch are slidably connected to the annular bottom wall of the annular groove, pushing the second plate body (11) close to the locking plate (5), so that the first plate body (10) pulls the shaft rod (7), thereby realizing that the locking plate (5) and the limiting arc plate (6) are moved away from each other.

6. A spinal surgery screw placement guide device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A rotation angle positioner is also provided between the lateral positioner and the nail placement guide, for controlling the angle change of the nail placement positioner, and the rotation angle positioner comprises: A guide rod (26), one end of which is fixedly connected to the nail placement frame (2); A sleeve (28) is sleeved on the other end of the guide rod (26) and fixedly connected to the end of the transverse positioner; Two drive assemblies are located on both sides of the sleeve (28), and each drive assembly includes: A sliding barrel (29) is fixedly connected to and communicates with the sleeve (28); A sealing slide seat (30) is disposed in the slide barrel (29); A third spring (34) has two ends respectively abutting against the sealing slide seat (30) and the bottom of the slide barrel (29) to push the sealing slide seat (30) toward the sleeve (28); The arc rubber sleeve (32) has an inner arc surface abutting against the guide rod (26) and an outer arc surface connected to the sealing slide seat (30) via a first slide rod (31); the air source enters the slide barrel (29) and pushes the sealing slide seat (30) to squeeze the third spring (34) to move the arc rubber sleeve (32) away from the guide rod (26).

7. A spinal surgery screw placement guide device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The lateral adjuster comprises a telescopic plate (37), a telescopic sleeve (38) and a hand pressing structure, one end of the telescopic plate (37) is connected to the nail setting frame (2), the other end of the telescopic plate (37) extends into and is slidably connected to one end of the telescopic sleeve (38), the other end of the telescopic sleeve (38) is rotatably connected to the top of the base (1), and the hand pressing structure is arranged on the telescopic plate (37); The surface of the telescopic plate (37) is provided with a second slide groove along its width direction, two second sliders (39) are slidably provided in the second slide groove, opposite surfaces of the two second sliders (39) abut against two ends of a fourth spring, the same side surface of the two second sliders (39) is provided with a trapezoidal groove, the surfaces of the two trapezoidal grooves close to each other are both first inclined surfaces, and the two first inclined surfaces are close to each other away from the ends of the telescopic plate (37); The hand pressing structure has two pressure points, each of which abuts against one of the first inclined surfaces. The pressure points move simultaneously to drive the two second sliding blocks (39) to move closer to or farther from each other.

8. A spinal surgery screw placement guide device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The hand pressing structure comprises: A third sliding block (42), wherein the first inclined surface is provided with a third sliding groove parallel to the surface of the telescopic plate (37), each of the two third sliding grooves is slidably connected with a third sliding block (42), a fifth spring is connected between the third sliding block (42) and the lower wall of the third sliding groove, and the two third sliding blocks (42) are provided with a second inclined surface with the same inclination direction as the first inclined surface on the corresponding side on the sides away from each other; An n-shaped slider (43), the telescopic sleeve (38) is provided with a guide sliding hole (50) along its length direction, the n-shaped slider (43) is arranged in the guide sliding hole (50), the top of the n-shaped slider (43) is provided with two second sliding holes (45), both sides of the n-shaped slider (43) are provided with a third sliding hole (44) and a fourth sliding hole (40), the third sliding hole (44) is further away from the telescopic plate (37) than the fourth sliding hole (40), and the third sliding hole (44) is connected to the second sliding hole (45) on the corresponding side; The press key (47) has two second slide bars (46) fixedly connected on the same side, and the two second slide bars (46) respectively extend into one of the second slide holes (45) and can abut against the second inclined surface.

9. A spinal surgery screw placement guide device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The base (1) comprises: A vertical rod (57), the upper end of which is rotatably connected to the end of the lateral adjuster; A sliding barrel seat (58), the inner wall of which is slidably connected to the vertical rod (57); A sliding seat, fixedly connected to the middle part of the vertical rod (57); The screw rod (59) is threadedly connected to the sliding seat and is parallel to the vertical rod (57). The end of the screw rod (59) is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the sliding barrel seat (58) to drive the screw rod (59) to rotate, so as to realize the vertical movement of the vertical rod (57).

10. A spinal surgery screw placement guide device as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: The surface of the telescopic sleeve (38) is provided with a transverse scale for observing and confirming the transverse movement distance; the outer wall of the vertical rod (57) is provided with a vertical scale for facilitating the observation and confirmation of the vertical adjustment height.

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