Preparation method and application of multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water-soluble fertilizers, and particularly discloses a preparation method and application of a multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding a material A, a material B and a material C, uniformly mixing, adding a Span-80 auxiliary agent, a Tween-80 auxiliary agent, white carbon black, magnesium aluminum silicate, xanthan gum and Kathon, adding a defoaming agent while stirring, uniformly mixing, and adding deionized water to prepare the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer. In the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer, a material A is a functional substance micro-capsule suspension, a material B is an active strain micro-capsule suspension, and a material C is a vitamin E micro-capsule suspension; in addition, the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the fertilizer is multifunctional and has a relatively good application effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water-soluble fertilizers, and more specifically, to a preparation method and application of a multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer. Background Art

[0002] With the development of science and technology, the area of ​​farmland is gradually shrinking, while the yield of crops is also increasing. In order to promote the growth of crops and improve the quality of crop fruits, fertilizers need to be applied during the growth period of crops to supplement the various nutrients needed during the growth period of crops, while enhancing the stress resistance and insect resistance of crops. Therefore, fertilizers have many types, ingredients and functions, which are suitable for different growth cycles of different crops.

[0003] Existing fertilizers have relatively simple ingredients and therefore relatively simple functions. During the growth period of crops, one or more fertilizers need to be applied to different crops and different growth stages. During the entire growth cycle, multiple fertilizers need to be used to provide sufficient nutrients for crops to meet the growth and development needs of crops. The operation is relatively cumbersome. At the same time, some active substances have poor stability and are prone to inactivation in fertilizers, which reduces the effect of fertilizer application. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to make fertilizers multifunctional and have better application effects, the present application provides a preparation method and application of a multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer, using the following technical solution: A method for preparing a multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps: Add material A, material B and material C, mix them evenly, then add Span-80 adjuvant, Tween-80 adjuvant, white carbon black, magnesium aluminum silicate, xanthan gum and Kasson, add defoamer while stirring, mix them evenly, then add deionized water to prepare a multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer; In the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer, the mass parts of each raw material are as follows: 370-750 parts of material A, 220-300 parts of material B, 200-440 parts of material C, 7.5-55 parts of Span-80 additives, 3.5-45 parts of Tween-80 additives, 8-10 parts of white carbon black, 18-20 parts of magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.4-0.5 parts of xanthan gum, 0.3-0.4 parts of kason, 0.1-0.2 parts of defoaming agent and 0.1-0.2 parts of water; The material A is a functional substance microcapsule suspension, the material B is an active strain microcapsule suspension, and the material C is a vitamin E microcapsule suspension.

[0006] By adopting the above technical scheme, in material A, the functional substances are coated to form microcapsules, and after the liquid water-soluble fertilizer is applied, the functional substances can be slowly released, thereby achieving functions such as crop growth promotion and stress resistance. In material B, the active bacterial strains are coated to form microcapsules, so that the active strains are in a dormant state. The liquid water-soluble fertilizer contains a large amount of salts, and the active strains are prone to inactivation in a high-salt environment. The active strain microcapsules can protect the active strains and effectively maintain the activity of the active strains, so that after the active strain microcapsules are ruptured, the active strains can be activated to carry out life activities to improve the yield and stress resistance of crops. In material C, vitamin E is coated to form microcapsules, which can effectively protect vitamin E from inactivation and can slowly release vitamin E to promote crop growth and increase yield.

[0007] Preferably, in the material A, the core of the functional substance microcapsule is a functional substance, and the functional substance is selected from one or more of humic acid, peat, Penicillium variotii extract, amino acid raw powder, Penicillium erythrogenum extract, amino acid raw solution and Sargassum extract; the capsule wall of the functional substance microcapsule is formed by cross-linking component A and component B, and the component A is a seaweed extract, and the seaweed extract is selected from one or more of sodium alginate, potassium alginate, Sargassum extract, and seaweed crushed slurry; the component B is a soluble calcium salt, and the soluble calcium salt is selected from calcium acetate or calcium nitrate.

[0008] By adopting the above technical scheme, the functional substances include humic acid, fungal extracts, algae extract amino acids, etc. The functional substances have multiple functions such as promoting crop growth, improving crop fruiting rate, and promoting fruit quality. After the seaweed extract is mixed with the soluble calcium salt, it can cross-link to coat the functional substance and form a capsule wall at the same time, which effectively ensures the activity of the functional substance. At the same time, by adjusting the added amount of the functional substance, seaweed extract and soluble calcium salt, the sustained-release period and rate of the functional substance microcapsule can be regulated, so that the sustained-release period matches the growth cycle requirements of the plant, so that the functional substance can better exert its effectiveness.

[0009] Preferably, the preparation method of material A comprises the following steps: heating to 50°C, adding deionized water, functional substances and component A while shearing until they are completely dissolved, increasing the speed to 3000r / min, adding component B dropwise until component B is added dropwise, adding alkyl glycoside, adjusting the viscosity to less than 200mPa·s, adding deionized water to make up the balance to 1kL, and obtaining material A.

[0010] By adopting the above technical scheme, the algae extract and the functional substance are dissolved in water and dispersed evenly, and then the soluble calcium salt is added dropwise. By controlling the dropping rate of the soluble calcium salt, the morphology and thickness of the functional substance microcapsule are regulated to achieve the regulation of the sustained release cycle of the functional substance microcapsule.

[0011] Preferably, in the material B, the capsule core of the active strain microcapsule is selected from active strains, the active strain is selected from one or more of Bacillus subtilis amyloliquefaciens, Verticillium chlamydosporium, Trichoderma harzianum spore powder, and Paecilomyces lilacinus, and the capsule wall of the active strain microcapsule is one or more of gum arabic and gelatin.

[0012] By adopting the above technical scheme, after Bacillus subtilis amyloliquefaciens, Verticillium chlamydosporium, Trichoderma harzianum spore powder, and Paecilomyces lilacinus are coated to form microcapsules, they are in a dormant state and have high resistance to acid-base environments, temperature changes, high-salt environments, etc., and can effectively maintain the activity of active strains, thereby improving the effectiveness of the active strains on crops after application.

[0013] Preferably, the preparation method of material B comprises the following steps: adding deionized water and active strains, stirring until fully moistened and dispersed, adding 6-12wt% gum arabic solution, heating to 55-60°C, and dripping 60-80wt% gelatin solution dissolved by heating under high pressure homogenization until the gelatin solution is dripped, adding dispersant, cooling to room temperature, the solution viscosity is less than 200mPa·s, adding deionized water to make up the balance to 1kL, and obtaining material B.

[0014] By adopting the above technical scheme, after the active strain is dispersed in water, gum arabic solution and gelatin solution are added, and the gum arabic and gelatin are cross-linked to coat the active strain. By adjusting the dosage of gum arabic and gelatin, the coating thickness of the active strain microcapsule can be effectively controlled, thereby adjusting the rupture time of the active strain microcapsule, so that the activation cycle of the active strain is adapted to the growth requirements of the crop.

[0015] Preferably, in the material C, the core of the vitamin E microcapsule is vitamin E, and the capsule wall of the vitamin E microcapsule is cross-linked by isocyanate and formaldehyde.

[0016] By adopting the above technical scheme, isocyanate and formaldehyde are cross-linked to form a capsule wall to encapsulate vitamin E. Vitamin E has many beneficial effects on crops, such as growth promotion and stress resistance. Controlling the added amount of vitamin E, isocyanate and formaldehyde can effectively regulate the release cycle of vitamin E, so that the release curve of vitamin E is adapted to the growth needs of the plant and the effectiveness of vitamin E is fully exerted.

[0017] Preferably, the preparation method of material C comprises the following steps: adding methylated soybean oil and vitamin E, stirring until completely dissolved, adding isocyanate, stirring thoroughly to form a uniform solution, adding to water containing fatty alcohol ether phosphate, high-speed shearing emulsification to obtain an emulsion, adding formaldehyde dropwise while stirring, gradually heating to 65-70°C, after the reaction is complete, reducing the speed to 300-320r / min, heat-insulating and curing for 1-1.2h, adding 8-12wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution, stirring evenly, and adding EO-PO block polyether dispersant and ethylene glycol to obtain material C.

[0018] By adopting the above technical scheme, vitamin E is dispersed in methylated soybean oil to form an oil phase, the oil phase is mixed with the water phase, high-speed shear emulsification is performed to obtain an emulsion of an oil-in-water system, formaldehyde is slowly added dropwise to allow formaldehyde and isocyanate to cross-link to form a capsule wall, vitamin E is coated, polyvinyl alcohol solution is added to adjust the viscosity of the system, EO-PO block polyether dispersant is used to improve dispersibility, and ethylene glycol is used as a suspending agent to improve the stability of the system.

[0019] In a second aspect, the present application provides an application of a multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer, using the following technical solution: A multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer is used, which is suitable for application during the period from seedling raising, transplanting to maturity of green leaf crops, cereal crops, solanaceous crops and tobacco crops. The multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by a preparation method of the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer.

[0020] By adopting the above technical scheme, functional substances, active bacterial strains and vitamin E have the effect of promoting the growth of green leafy crops, cereal crops, Solanaceae crops and tobacco crops, and enhancing the stress resistance of crops, which can increase crop yield and fruit quality. At the same time, by regulating the microcapsule morphology and capsule wall thickness of functional substance microcapsules, active bacterial strain microcapsules and vitamin E microcapsules, flexible processing can be achieved to achieve the mutual cooperation of the three microcapsules to act on different crops, so that the action cycle of functional substances, active bacterial strains and vitamin E is matched with the growth needs of crops, thereby improving the application effect of functional substances, active bacterial strains and vitamin E.

[0021] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. In the present application, in material A, the functional substance is coated to form microcapsules, and after the liquid water-soluble fertilizer is applied, the functional substance can be slowly released, thereby achieving the functions of promoting crop growth and resisting stress. In material B, the active strains are coated to form microcapsules, which can make the active strains dormant, and the active strain microcapsules can protect the active strains, making the active strains not easily inactivated in the liquid water-soluble fertilizer. In material C, vitamin E is coated to form microcapsules, which can effectively protect vitamin E from inactivation and slowly release vitamin E to promote crop growth and increase yield.

[0022] 2. The functional substances in this application include humic acid, fungal extracts, algae extracts, amino acids, etc. The functional substances have multiple functions such as promoting crop growth, improving crop fruiting rate, and promoting fruit quality. After the seaweed extract is mixed with the soluble calcium salt, it can cross-link to coat the functional substance and form a capsule wall, which effectively ensures the activity of the functional substance. At the same time, by adjusting the added amount of the functional substance, seaweed extract and soluble calcium salt, the sustained-release period and rate of the functional substance microcapsule can be regulated, so that the sustained-release period matches the growth cycle requirements of the plant, so that the functional substance can better play its role.

[0023] 3. In the present application, after the amyloliquefaciens Bacillus subtilis, Verticillium chlamydosporium, Trichoderma harzianum spore powder, and Paecilomyces lilacinus are coated to form microcapsules, they are in a dormant state and have high resistance to acid-base environments, temperature changes, high-salt environments, etc., and can effectively maintain the activity of active strains, thereby improving the effectiveness of active strains on crops after application. At the same time, by regulating the morphology and thickness of the microcapsules, the activation time of the active strains can be regulated to match the crop demand cycle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0025] The substances involved in the preparation examples and embodiments of the present application are all selected from the following commercially available products: Span-80 additives are purchased from Guangdong Runhua Chemical Co., Ltd., Tween-80 additives are purchased from Guangdong Runhua Chemical Co., Ltd., white carbon black is A200 produced by Jinan Zhongbei Fine Chemical Co., Ltd., magnesium aluminum silicate is SMP-X40 produced by Zhejiang Fenghong New Materials Co., Ltd., xanthan gum is food-grade xanthan gum produced by Shandong Fufeng Fermentation Co., Ltd., kason is cit / mit 14% stock solution produced by Jinan Zhongbei Fine Chemical Co., Ltd., defoamer is purchased from Jiangsu Qingyu Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., potassium fulvic acid is mineral potassium fulvic acid produced by Xinjiang Black Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., peat is moss peat produced by Canadian Sun GroHorticulture, Penicillium variotii extract is Zhinengcong produced by Shandong Pengbo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and Sargassum extract is Ascophyllum produced by Acadian Fertilizer (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. nodosum, alkyl glycoside selected 0810 produced by Jiangsu Hai'an Petrochemical Plant, amino acid stock solution selected salt-free clear liquid amino acid liquid produced by Jiangsu Hanling Fertilizer Co., Ltd., erythromyces extract selected DDS produced by Shandong Pengbo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., amino acid raw powder selected 80% amino acid raw powder produced by Shanghai Houtu Chemical Co., Ltd., amylolytic Bacillus subtilis was purchased from Shandong Chunong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., sodium methylenebisnaphthalenesulfonate selected diffuser NNO produced by Rongsheng New Materials Technology (Nantong, Jiangsu) Co., Ltd., thick walled Verticillium spore powder was purchased from Shandong Chunong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., lignin sulfonate selected NA890P produced by Borregaard Biochemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Trichoderma harzianum spore powder was purchased from Shandong Chunong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., isocyanate selected TDI-80 produced by Wanhua Chemical Group Co., Ltd., methylated soybean oil was purchased from Suzhou Fengbei Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and EO-PO block polyether dispersant selected SP-3275 produced by Jiangsu Qingyu Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0026] Preparation Example 1-12 of Material A Preparation Example 1 The preparation method of material A comprises the following steps: heating to 45°C, adding 700kg of deionized water, functional substances and 150kg of component A while shearing until they are completely dissolved, the functional substances are 30kg of potassium humate, 10kg of peat and 1kg of Paecilomyces variotii extract, component A is Sargassum extract, the speed is increased to 3000r / min, component B is added dropwise until 40kg of component B is added dropwise, component B is calcium acetate, 10kg of alkyl glycoside is added, the viscosity is adjusted to be lower than 200mPa·s, deionized water is added to make up the balance to 1kL, and material A is obtained.

[0027] Preparation Example 2 The difference between Preparation Example 2 and Preparation Example 1 is that in Preparation Example 2, the added amount of component A is 100 kg, and the added amount of component B is 25 kg.

[0028] Preparation Example 3 The difference between Preparation Example 3 and Preparation Example 1 is that in Preparation Example 3, the added amount of component A is 200 kg, and the added amount of component B is 75 kg.

[0029] Preparation Example 4 The preparation method of material A comprises the following steps: heating to 50°C, adding 650kg of deionized water, functional substances and 135kg of component A while shearing until they are completely dissolved, the functional substances are 20kg of peat, 15kg of 150g / L amino acid stock solution and 1kg of erythrogenic Penicillium extract, component A is sodium alginate, the speed is increased to 2800r / min, component B is added dropwise until 60kg of component B is added dropwise, component B is calcium nitrate, 10kg of alkyl glycoside is added, the viscosity is adjusted to be lower than 200mPa·s, deionized water is added to make up the balance to 1kL, and material A is obtained.

[0030] Preparation Example 5 The difference between Preparation Example 5 and Preparation Example 4 is that in Preparation Example 5, the added amount of component A is 50 kg, and the added amount of component B is 20 kg.

[0031] Preparation Example 6 The difference between Preparation Example 6 and Preparation Example 3 is that in Preparation Example 6, the amount of component A added is 250 kg, and the amount of component B added is 100 kg.

[0032] Preparation Example 7 The preparation method of material A comprises the following steps: heating to 46°C, adding 600kg of deionized water, functional substances and 75kg of component A while shearing until they are completely dissolved, the functional substances are 250kg of 80% amino acid raw powder and 10kg of erythrogenic Penicillium extract, component A is potassium alginate, the speed is increased to 2900r / min, component B is added dropwise until 55kg of component B is added dropwise, component B is calcium nitrate, 15kg of alkyl glycoside is added, the viscosity is adjusted to less than 200mPa·s, deionized water is added to make up the balance to 1kL, and material A is obtained.

[0033] Preparation Example 8 The difference between Preparation Example 8 and Preparation Example 7 is that the added amount of component A is 45 kg, and the added amount of component B is 30 kg.

[0034] Preparation Example 9 The difference between Preparation Example 9 and Preparation Example 7 is that the added amount of component A is 120 kg, and the added amount of component B is 80 kg.

[0035] Preparation Example 10 The preparation method of material A comprises the following steps: heating to 45°C, adding 200kg of deionized water, functional substances and 120kg of component A while shearing until they are completely dissolved, the functional substances are 513kg of 200g / L amino acid stock solution and 45kg of Paecilomyces variotii extract, component A is sodium alginate, the speed is increased to 3000r / min, component B is added dropwise until 110kg of component B is added dropwise, component B is calcium acetate, 20kg of alkyl glycoside is added, the viscosity is adjusted to be lower than 200mPa·s, deionized water is added to make up the balance to 1kL, and material A is obtained.

[0036] Preparation Example 11 The difference between Preparation Example 11 and Preparation Example 10 is that the added amount of component A is 80 kg, and the added amount of component B is 75 kg.

[0037] Preparation Example 12 The difference between Preparation Example 12 and Preparation Example 10 is that the amount of component A added is 160 kg, and the amount of component B added is 145 kg.

[0038] Preparation Examples 13-24 of Material B Preparation Example 13 The preparation method of material B comprises the following steps: adding 100 kg of deionized water and active bacterial strains, wherein 50 kg of Bacillus subtilis amylolyticus is selected as the active bacterial strain, stirring until fully moistened and dispersed, adding 500 kg of 10 wt% gum arabic solution, heating to 55° C., and dripping a heated and dissolved 60 wt% gelatin solution under high pressure homogenization until 59 kg of the gelatin solution is dripped, adding 20 kg of dispersant sodium methylene bisnaphthalene sulfonate, cooling to room temperature, the solution viscosity is less than 200 mPa·s, and deionized water is added to make up the balance to 1 kL to obtain material B.

[0039] Preparation Example 14 The difference between Preparation Example 14 and Preparation Example 13 is that the amount of the added gum arabic solution is 400 kg, and the amount of the added gelatin solution is 40 kg.

[0040] Preparation Example 15 The difference between Preparation Example 15 and Preparation Example 13 is that the amount of the added gum arabic solution is 600 kg, and the amount of the added gelatin solution is 75 kg.

[0041] Preparation Example 16 The preparation method of material B comprises the following steps: adding 100 kg of deionized water and active bacterial strains, wherein 30 kg of Verticillium chlamydosporium is selected as the active bacterial strain, stirring until fully moistened and dispersed, adding 475 kg of 8 wt% gum arabic solution, heating to 60°C, dropping a heated and dissolved 60 wt% gelatin solution under high pressure homogenization until the dropping of 36 kg of gelatin solution is completed, adding 20 kg of dispersant sodium methylene bis naphthalene sulfonate, cooling to room temperature, the solution viscosity is less than 200 mPa·s, adding deionized water to make up the balance to 1 kL, and obtaining material B.

[0042] Preparation Example 17 The difference between Preparation Example 17 and Preparation Example 16 is that the amount of the added gum arabic solution is 300 kg, and the amount of the added gelatin solution is 20 kg.

[0043] Preparation Example 18 The difference between Preparation Example 18 and Preparation Example 16 is that the amount of the added gum arabic solution is 600 kg, and the amount of the added gelatin solution is 50 kg.

[0044] Preparation Example 19 The preparation method of material B comprises the following steps: adding 100 kg of deionized water and active bacterial strains, wherein 50 kg of Verticillium chlamydosporium is selected as the active bacterial strain, stirring until fully moistened and dispersed, adding 315 kg of 12 wt% gum arabic solution, heating to 55° C., dripping a heated and dissolved 60 wt% gelatin solution under high pressure homogenization until 48 kg of the gelatin solution is dripped, adding a dispersant of 25 kg of sodium methylenebisnaphthalene sulfonate and 12 kg of lignin sulfonate, cooling to room temperature, the solution viscosity is less than 200 mPa·s, adding deionized water to make up the balance to 1 kL, and obtaining material B.

[0045] Preparation Example 20 The difference between Preparation Example 20 and Preparation Example 19 is that the amount of the added gum arabic solution is 200 kg, and the amount of the added gelatin solution is 25 kg.

[0046] Preparation Example 21 The difference between Preparation Example 21 and Preparation Example 19 is that the amount of the added gum arabic solution is 500 kg, and the amount of the added gelatin solution is 60 kg.

[0047] Preparation Example 22 The preparation method of material B comprises the following steps: adding 100 kg of deionized water and active bacterial strains, wherein the active bacterial strains are selected from 10 kg of 1×10 11 / g of Trichoderma harzianum spore powder, stirred until fully moistened and dispersed, added 110kg of 6wt% gum arabic solution, heated to 60°C, and dripped 60wt% gelatin solution that was heated and dissolved under high pressure homogenization until 23kg of gelatin solution was added, and 15kg of sodium methylenebisnaphthalene sulfonate and 8kg of lignin sulfonate as dispersants were added. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the solution viscosity was less than 200mPa·s. Deionized water was added to make up the balance to 1kL to obtain material B.

[0048] Preparation Example 23 The difference between Preparation Example 23 and Preparation Example 22 is that the amount of the added gum arabic solution is 60 kg, and the amount of the added gelatin solution is 15 kg.

[0049] Preparation Example 24 The difference between Preparation Example 24 and Preparation Example 22 is that the amount of the added gum arabic solution is 160 kg, and the amount of the added gelatin solution is 45 kg.

[0050] Preparation Examples 25-36 of Material C Preparation Example 25 The preparation method of material C comprises the following steps: adding 20 kg of methylated soybean oil and 15 kg of vitamin E, stirring until completely dissolved, adding 15 kg of isocyanate, stirring thoroughly to form a uniform solution, adding to water containing fatty alcohol ether phosphate, wherein the amount of fatty alcohol ether phosphate added is 20 kg, and the amount of water added is 500 kg, high-speed shearing emulsification is performed to obtain an emulsion, while stirring, 5 kg of formaldehyde is added dropwise, and the temperature is gradually raised to 65° C. After the reaction is complete, the rotation speed is reduced to 300 r / min, and after heat preservation and curing for 1 hour, 50 kg of 10 wt% polyvinyl alcohol-6000 solution is added, stirring evenly, and then 50 kg of EO-PO block polyether dispersant and 40 kg of ethylene glycol are added to obtain material C.

[0051] Preparation Example 26 The difference between Preparation Example 26 and Preparation Example 25 is that the amount of isocyanate added is 10 kg and the amount of formaldehyde added is 3 kg.

[0052] Preparation Example 27 The difference between Preparation Example 27 and Preparation Example 25 is that the amount of isocyanate added is 25 kg and the amount of formaldehyde added is 10 kg.

[0053] Preparation Example 28 The preparation method of material C comprises the following steps: adding 20 kg of methylated soybean oil and 15 kg of vitamin E, stirring until completely dissolved, adding 15 kg of isocyanate, stirring thoroughly to form a uniform solution, adding to water containing fatty alcohol ether phosphate, wherein the amount of fatty alcohol ether phosphate added is 20 kg, and the amount of water added is 500 kg, high-speed shearing emulsification is performed to obtain an emulsion, while stirring, 5 kg of formaldehyde is added dropwise, and the temperature is gradually raised to 70°C. After the reaction is complete, the rotation speed is reduced to 320 r / min, and after heat preservation and curing for 1.2 hours, 50 kg of 12 wt% polyvinyl alcohol-6000 solution is added, stirring evenly, and then 50 kg of EO-PO block polyether dispersant and 40 kg of ethylene glycol are added to obtain material C.

[0054] Preparation Example 29 The difference between Preparation Example 29 and Preparation Example 28 is that the amount of isocyanate added is 10 kg and the amount of formaldehyde added is 3 kg.

[0055] Preparation Example 30 The difference between Preparation Example 30 and Preparation Example 28 is that the amount of isocyanate added is 25 kg and the amount of formaldehyde added is 10 kg.

[0056] Preparation Example 31 The preparation method of material C comprises the following steps: adding 80 kg of methylated soybean oil and 75 kg of vitamin E, stirring until completely dissolved, adding 55 kg of isocyanate, stirring thoroughly to form a uniform solution, adding to water containing fatty alcohol ether phosphate, wherein the amount of fatty alcohol ether phosphate added is 25 kg, and the amount of water added is 270 kg, high-speed shearing emulsification is performed to obtain an emulsion, while stirring, 35 kg of formaldehyde is added dropwise, the temperature is gradually raised to 70°C, after the reaction is complete, the rotation speed is reduced to 300 r / min, after heat preservation and curing for 1 hour, 80 kg of 8wt% polyvinyl alcohol-6000 solution is added, stirring evenly, and then 65 kg of EO-PO block polyether dispersant and 30 kg of ethylene glycol are added to obtain material C.

[0057] Preparation Example 32 The difference between Preparation Example 32 and Preparation Example 31 is that the amount of isocyanate added is 30 kg and the amount of formaldehyde added is 20 kg.

[0058] Preparation Example 33 The difference between Preparation Example 33 and Preparation Example 31 is that the amount of isocyanate added is 75 kg and the amount of formaldehyde added is 50 kg.

[0059] Preparation Example 34 The preparation method of material C comprises the following steps: adding 50 kg of methylated soybean oil and 35 kg of vitamin E, stirring until completely dissolved, adding 25 kg of isocyanate, stirring thoroughly to form a uniform solution, adding to water containing fatty alcohol ether phosphate, wherein the amount of fatty alcohol ether phosphate added is 10 kg, and the amount of water added is 650 kg, high-speed shearing emulsification is performed to obtain an emulsion, while stirring, 5 kg of formaldehyde is added dropwise, and the temperature is gradually raised to 70° C. After the reaction is complete, the rotation speed is reduced to 310 r / min, and after heat preservation and curing for 1.1 hours, 20 kg of 10 wt% polyvinyl alcohol-6000 solution is added, stirring evenly, and then 45 kg of EO-PO block polyether dispersant and 20 k ethylene glycol are added to obtain material C.

[0060] Preparation Example 35 The difference between Preparation Example 35 and Preparation Example 34 is that the amount of isocyanate added is 15 kg and the amount of formaldehyde added is 3 kg.

[0061] Preparation Example 36 The difference between Preparation Example 36 and Preparation Example 34 is that the amount of isocyanate added is 45 kg and the amount of formaldehyde added is 10 kg. Example

[0062] Example 1 A method for preparing a multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 370 kg of material A, 300 kg of material B and 400 kg of material C, mixing them uniformly, adding 55 kg of Span-80 additive, 45 kg of Tween-80 additive, 10 kg of white carbon black, 20 kg of magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5 kg of xanthan gum and 0.4 kg of kason, adding 0.1 kg of defoaming agent while stirring, mixing them uniformly, and adding 0.1 kg of deionized water to prepare the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer, wherein material A is material A prepared in Preparation Example 1, material B is material B prepared in Preparation Example 13, and material C is material C prepared in Preparation Example 25.

[0063] The application of the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer is suitable for application during the period from seedling raising and transplanting to maturity of green leafy crops.

[0064] Example 2 The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that Example 2 uses material A obtained in Preparation Example 2.

[0065] Example 3 The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that Example 3 uses material A obtained in Preparation Example 3.

[0066] Example 4 The difference between Example 4 and Example 1 is that Example 4 uses material B obtained in Preparation Example 14.

[0067] Example 5 The difference between Example 5 and Example 1 is that Example 5 uses material B obtained in Preparation Example 15.

[0068] Example 6 The difference between Example 6 and Example 1 is that Example 6 uses material C obtained in Preparation Example 26.

[0069] Example 7 The difference between Example 7 and Example 1 is that Example 7 uses material C prepared in Preparation Example 27.

[0070] Example 8 A method for preparing a multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 750 kg of material A, 280 kg of material B and 440 kg of material C, mixing them evenly, adding 7.5 kg of Span-80 additive, 3.5 kg of Tween-80 additive, 10 kg of white carbon black, 20 kg of magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5 kg of xanthan gum and 0.4 kg of kason, adding 0.2 kg of defoaming agent while stirring, mixing them evenly, and adding 0.1 kg of deionized water to prepare the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer, wherein material A is material A prepared in Preparation Example 4, material B is material B prepared in Preparation Example 16, and material C is material C prepared in Preparation Example 28.

[0071] The application of the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer is suitable for application during the period from seedling raising and transplanting to maturity of cereal crops.

[0072] Example 9 The difference between Example 9 and Example 8 is that Example 9 uses material A obtained in Preparation Example 5.

[0073] Example 10 The difference between Example 10 and Example 8 is that Example 10 uses material A obtained in Preparation Example 6.

[0074] Embodiment 11 The difference between Example 11 and Example 8 is that Example 11 uses material B obtained in Preparation Example 17.

[0075] Example 12 The difference between Example 12 and Example 8 is that Example 12 uses material B obtained in Preparation Example 18.

[0076] Embodiment 13 The difference between Example 13 and Example 8 is that Example 13 uses material C obtained in Preparation Example 29.

[0077] Embodiment 14 The difference between Example 14 and Example 8 is that Example 14 uses material C obtained in Preparation Example 30.

[0078] Embodiment 15 A method for preparing a multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 550 kg of material A, 220 kg of material B and 300 kg of material C, mixing them evenly, adding 9.5 kg of Span-80 additive, 9.5 kg of Tween-80 additive, 10 kg of white carbon black, 20 kg of magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5 kg of xanthan gum and 0.4 kg of kason, adding 0.1 kg of defoaming agent while stirring, mixing them evenly, and then adding 0.1 kg of deionized water to prepare the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer, wherein material A is material A prepared in Preparation Example 7, material B is material B prepared in Preparation Example 19, and material C is material C prepared in Preparation Example 31.

[0079] The application of the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer is suitable for application during the period from seedling raising and transplanting to maturity of Solanaceae crops.

[0080] Example 16 The difference between Example 16 and Example 15 is that Example 16 uses material A obtained in Preparation Example 8.

[0081] Embodiment 17 The difference between Example 17 and Example 15 is that Example 17 uses material A obtained in Preparation Example 9.

[0082] Embodiment 18 The difference between Example 18 and Example 15 is that Example 18 uses material B obtained in Preparation Example 20.

[0083] Embodiment 19 The difference between Example 19 and Example 15 is that Example 19 uses material B obtained in Preparation Example 21.

[0084] Embodiment 20 The difference between Example 20 and Example 15 is that Example 20 uses material C obtained in Preparation Example 32.

[0085] Embodiment 21 The difference between Example 21 and Example 15 is that Example 21 uses material C obtained in Preparation Example 33.

[0086] Embodiment 22 A method for preparing a multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 650 kg of material A, 220 kg of material B and 200 kg of material C, mixing them evenly, adding 9.5 kg of Span-80 additive, 9.5 kg of Tween-80 additive, 10 kg of white carbon black, 20 kg of magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5 kg of xanthan gum and 0.4 kg of kason, adding 0.2 kg of defoaming agent while stirring, mixing them evenly, and then adding 0.1 kg of deionized water to prepare the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer, wherein material A is material A prepared in Preparation Example 10, material B is material B prepared in Preparation Example 22, and material C is material C prepared in Preparation Example 34.

[0087] The application of the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer is suitable for application during the period from seedling raising and transplanting to maturity of tobacco crops.

[0088] Embodiment 23 The difference between Example 23 and Example 22 is that Example 23 uses material A obtained in Preparation Example 11.

[0089] Embodiment 24 The difference between Example 24 and Example 22 is that Example 24 uses material A obtained in Preparation Example 12.

[0090] Embodiment 25 The difference between Example 25 and Example 22 is that Example 25 uses material B obtained in Preparation Example 23.

[0091] Embodiment 26 The difference between Example 26 and Example 22 is that Example 26 uses material B prepared in Preparation Example 24.

[0092] Embodiment 27 The difference between Example 27 and Example 22 is that Example 27 uses material C obtained in Preparation Example 35.

[0093] Embodiment 28 The difference between Example 28 and Example 22 is that Example 28 uses material C obtained in Preparation Example 36.

[0094] Comparative Example Comparative Example 1 The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that material A is not added to the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer.

[0095] Comparative Example 2 The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that material B is not added to the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer.

[0096] Comparative Example 3 The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that material C is not added to the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer.

[0097] Test methods 1. Growth promotion and yield increase effects of green leafy crops According to the preparation methods of Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-3, a multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer was prepared. At the same time, the commercially available product "Youcui Lu" humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer produced by Syngenta was selected as a control group, and Chinese cabbage was selected as a test variety. After the Chinese cabbage was raised in indoor pots, the transplanted seedlings with the same growth in each treatment were selected and transplanted into the test field. The multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-3 and commercially available products were applied to the Chinese cabbage. The application method was as follows: an application amount of 5000 g / mu, an application interval of 15 days, and drip irrigation was used for a total of 2 applications. The number of Chinese cabbage samples applied with each water-soluble fertilizer was 150 plants, which were recorded as a group. The plant height, leaf disc diameter, and fresh weight of the aboveground part were measured 10 days after transplanting. The average of the same group was taken and the results were recorded in Table 1; the chlorophyll content, vitamin C content, and ash content were measured 30 days after transplanting. The average of the same group was taken and the results were recorded in Table 2.

[0098] The test methods for chlorophyll content, vitamin C content and ash content are as follows: the pakchoy were harvested and refrigerated, and the biochemical indicators were determined within 5 days. Ten pakchoy plants were selected from each group as test samples, and 5g of mesophyll tissue was randomly selected from each test sample. The tissues were homogenized and set aside for later use. The chlorophyll content was determined by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, the vitamin C content was determined by a continuous flow automatic analyzer, and the ash content of the plants was determined by burning in a muffle furnace and a crucible.

[0099] Table 1 Growth of Chinese cabbage 10 days after transplanting project Plant height / cm Leaf disk diameter / cm Number of blades Fresh weight of above-ground part / g Example 1 12.2 25.01 19.5 24.99 Example 2 11.6 24.25 18.8 23.06 Example 3 11.5 24.31 18.7 23.15 Example 4 11.7 24.43 18.6 22.98 Example 5 11.6 24.39 19.0 23.13 Example 6 11.5 24.46 18.6 22.99 Example 7 11.4 24.38 18.7 23.02 Comparative Example 1 11.1 24.41 18.3 21.53 Comparative Example 2 11.2 24.37 18.4 21.46 Comparative Example 3 11.5 24.40 18.3 21.38 Commercially available products 10.4 24.25 18.4 21.47 Table 2 Component test results of Chinese cabbage 30 days after transplanting According to Table 1-2, Example 1, Comparative Examples 1-3 and commercially available products, it can be seen that the plant height, leaf disc diameter and fresh weight of the aboveground part of the pakchoy treated with the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 1 are better than those of Comparative Examples 1-3 and commercially available products, indicating that the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 1 has good effects of promoting growth and increasing production. At the same time, after harvest, the pakchoy treated with the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 1 has higher chlorophyll content, vitamin content and ash content, indicating that the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 1 has a significant effect on increasing the greenness of pakchoy, and can also improve the nutritional value and dry matter accumulation of pakchoy. The harvested pakchoy is beneficial for supplementing dietary fiber after consumption. The application effect of Example 1 is better than that of commercially available products.

[0100] In comparative example 1, material A was not added, in comparative example 2, material B was not added, and in comparative example 3, material C was not added. After the application of comparative examples 1-3, the growth of pakchoi and the nutritional conditions after harvest were inferior to those in Example 1, indicating that the functional substance microcapsules of material A, the active strain microcapsules of material B, and the vitamin E microcapsules of material C had a promoting effect on the growth, development and quality of pakchoi.

[0101] In material A, Sargassum extract and calcium acetate are cross-linked to form a capsule wall, and potassium humate, peat and Paecilomyces variotii extract and other substances are coated to form functional substance microcapsules. Potassium humate can significantly improve the survival rate of Chinese cabbage, and at the same time can promote the growth of Chinese cabbage, increase the dry matter mass, and improve the chlorophyll. Peat can significantly improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, provide a better soil environment for the growth of Chinese cabbage, and at the same time can increase the crude protein content and chlorophyll content of Chinese cabbage, and improve the quality of Chinese cabbage. The Paecilomyces variotii extract can reduce the oxidative damage to the cell membrane by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of Chinese cabbage and reducing the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, which is beneficial to improve the stress resistance of Chinese cabbage and the growth of Chinese cabbage. Through the coating of Sargassum extract, the functional substance microcapsules can slowly release potassium humate, peat and Paecilomyces variotii extract, so that the Chinese cabbage can absorb sufficient nutrients during its growth and have a good growth environment.

[0102] In material B, gum arabic and gelatin are used to form a capsule wall by composite cross-linking to coat Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The coating of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with gum arabic and gelatin can ensure the activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in a high-salt environment. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is in a dormant state in the active strain microcapsule and has a high resistance to the environment. After the active strain microcapsule is ruptured, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is activated in the environment, which can promote the growth and development of Chinese cabbage, improve the quality of Chinese cabbage, reduce the content of nitrate and nitrite, and does not affect the content of vitamin C. At the same time, the antibacterial effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can improve the disease resistance of Chinese cabbage, and the active strain microcapsule can maintain the activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, thereby improving the effectiveness of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on Chinese cabbage.

[0103] Isocyanate and formaldehyde are cross-linked in material C to form a capsule wall to encapsulate vitamin E. After being encapsulated by the capsule wall, vitamin E is not easily affected by the external environment and becomes inactivated. Vitamin E microcapsules can slowly release vitamin E to promote the growth and development of Chinese cabbage. At the same time, vitamin E has an antioxidant function, which can protect Chinese cabbage cells from damage by free radicals, maintain the normal function and integrity of cells, and promote photosynthesis of leaves, thereby increasing the biomass and yield of Chinese cabbage.

[0104] The growth and quality of the Chinese cabbage after application in Examples 2-7 were inferior to those in Example 1. In Example 2-3, the addition amounts of component A and component B were adjusted when material A was prepared. In Example 4-5, the addition amounts of gum arabic solution and gelatin solution were adjusted when material B was prepared. In Example 6-7, the addition amounts of isocyanate and formaldehyde were adjusted when material C was prepared. The above substances are all capsule wall materials of the corresponding microcapsules, indicating that the addition amount of capsule wall materials will affect the application effect of the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer.

[0105] The addition amount of component A and component B directly affects the capsule wall morphology, thickness and encapsulation rate of the functional substance microcapsule, and further affects the sustained-release amount and sustained-release speed of the functional substance. The release time and release rate of the functional substance have a great influence on the growth of pakchoy in each cycle, the accumulation of nutrients, etc. In Example 2-3, the addition amount of component A and component B is changed, which reduces the adaptation of the sustained-release cycle of the functional substance microcapsule to the growth requirements of pakchoy, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the functional substance, resulting in a decline in the growth and quality of pakchoy.

[0106] The addition amount of gum arabic solution and gelatin solution affects the capsule wall thickness, encapsulation rate, etc. of the active strain microcapsule, which in turn affects the rupture time of the active strain microcapsule and the activation time of the active strain. If the capsule wall of the active strain microcapsule is too thin, the active strain microcapsule may fail to fully protect the active strain. If the capsule wall of the active strain microcapsule is too thick, the active strain microcapsule may fail to rupture in time to release the active strain, resulting in reduced activity of the active strain or failure to exert the strain effect in time. Bacillus subtilis amylolyticus fails to act on Chinese cabbage and soil, thereby reducing the stress resistance and growth of Chinese cabbage.

[0107] The addition of isocyanate and formaldehyde affects the capsule wall thickness, encapsulation rate, etc. of vitamin E microcapsules, which in turn affects the release rate and release cycle of vitamin E. Vitamin E can promote the growth and development of Chinese cabbage, and also has antioxidant function. It can maintain the normal function and integrity of Chinese cabbage cells and promote the photosynthesis of leaves. If the capsule wall of vitamin E microcapsule is too thin, the sustained release rate of vitamin E is too fast, and the utilization rate of vitamin E by Chinese cabbage is low. If the capsule wall of vitamin E microcapsule is too thick, the vitamin E demand of Chinese cabbage cannot be met, thereby weakening the growth and development, antioxidant capacity and photosynthesis of Chinese cabbage, and thus affecting the yield of Chinese cabbage.

[0108] 2. Growth promotion and yield increase effects on cereal crops A multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer was prepared according to the preparation method of Examples 8-14. At the same time, a commercially available product, 600 g / L macro-element water-soluble fertilizer produced by Qingdao Suber Biotechnology Co., Ltd., was selected as a control group. Corn was selected as a test variety. After the corn was raised in potted seedlings indoors, transplanted seedlings with consistent growth in each treatment were selected and transplanted into the test field. The multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Examples 8-14, commercially available products and clean water were applied to the corn in the test field. The application method was as follows: after the corn was tasseled and before silking, it was sprayed once with an application amount of 500 g / mu. The number of corn samples applied with each water-soluble fertilizer was 200,000 plants, which were recorded as a group. The wound flow at 10 cm from the root of the corn stem was determined at randomly selected points the next day after the application. The average of the same group was taken and the results were recorded in Table 3. 35 days after the application, the corn yield of each applied plot was determined by the number of ears per mu, the number of grains per ear, and the thousand-grain hour according to the corn field yield survey method. The average of the same group was taken and recorded in Table 4.

[0109] Table 3 Bleeding condition of corn the day after transplanting project Injury flow rate / (mg / min) Ion concentration / ppm Example 8 1.953±0.281 69.13±0.68 Example 9 1.702±0.268 52.25±0.39 Example 10 1.694±0.351 55.19±0.43 Embodiment 11 1.589±0.316 53.38±0.48 Example 12 1.739±0.168 56.26±0.52 Embodiment 13 1.811±0.264 57.84±0.46 Embodiment 14 1.612±0.321 54.61±0.38 Commercially available products 1.427±0.359 52.14±0.42 Shimizu 1.312±0.198 50.91±0.53 Table 4 Yield of corn 35 days after transplanting According to Tables 3-4, Example 8, commercially available products and the clear water control group, it can be seen that the corn treated with the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 8 has higher bleeding rate and ion concentration than those of the commercially available products and the clear water control group, indicating that the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 8 can significantly increase the mineral elements and nutrient content of the corn body fluid, and has a promoting effect on improving the nutrient metabolism capacity and metabolic level of crops. At the same time, after the corn treated with the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 8 is harvested, the number of ears, the number of grains per ear, the thousand-grain weight and the yield are all better than those of the commercially available products and the clear water control group, indicating that the water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 8 can quickly improve the nutrient absorption capacity and metabolic level of corn, and at the same time has a significant yield-increasing effect on corn.

[0110] Material A uses sodium alginate and calcium nitrate to cross-link to form a capsule wall, and encapsulates peat, amino acids and erythrogenic Penicillium extract to form functional material microcapsules. Peat can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increase the content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and enhance the soil's available nutrients. Amino acids can promote the growth of stems and leaves and the development of the root system of corn, enhance the adaptability of corn to the environment, thereby increasing the yield and quality of corn, and at the same time can effectively increase the protein content and stress resistance of corn. Erythrogenic Penicillium extract can promote the absorption of nitrogen by corn, increase the photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic enzyme activity of corn leaves, accumulate more organic matter, and promote the growth and development of plants. Through the coating of sodium alginate, the functional material microcapsules can slowly release peat, amino acids and erythrogenic Penicillium extract, so that the corn can fully absorb organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients in the soil during its growth, thereby increasing the yield and quality of corn.

[0111] In material B, gum arabic and gelatin are used to form a capsule wall by composite cross-linking to coat the Chlamydosporium. The Chlamydosporium has the function of preventing and treating plant nematode diseases. It can parasitize plant nematodes in the soil, destroy their normal physiological metabolism, cause the death of nematodes, and prevent the eggs from hatching, thereby effectively improving the disease resistance of corn. At the same time, the Chlamydosporium can form a symbiotic relationship with the corn root system, and by secreting substances such as organic acids and enzymes, the corn can better absorb water and nutrients, thereby improving the utilization rate of nutrients by corn. The active strain microcapsules can maintain the activity of the Chlamydosporium, thereby improving the effectiveness of the Chlamydosporium on corn.

[0112] In material C, isocyanate and formaldehyde are cross-linked to form a capsule wall to encapsulate vitamin E. Vitamin E can improve the stress resistance of corn, allowing corn to better adapt to adverse growth environments. It can also promote the photosynthesis efficiency of corn, improve the utilization rate of light energy, increase the photosynthetic products of corn, and allow corn to accumulate more nutrients. Vitamin E microcapsules can encapsulate vitamin E, making it less likely to be inactivated, which is beneficial to improving the utilization efficiency of vitamin E by corn.

[0113] After the application of Examples 9-14, the corn sap flow and yield were inferior to those of Example 8. Examples 9-10 adjusted the addition amounts of component A and component B when preparing material A. Examples 11-12 adjusted the addition amounts of gum arabic solution and gelatin solution when preparing material B. Examples 13-14 adjusted the addition amounts of isocyanate and formaldehyde when preparing material C. The above substances are all capsule wall materials of the corresponding microcapsules, indicating that the addition amount of capsule wall materials will affect the application effect of the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer.

[0114] The principles of Examples 9-14 are similar to those of Examples 2-7. The addition of component A and component B affects the capsule wall morphology, thickness and encapsulation rate of the functional substance microcapsule, thereby changing the release time and release rate of peat, amino acids and erythrogenic Penicillium extracts, and the sustained-release cycle of the functional substance microcapsule is not compatible with the growth requirements of corn, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the functional substance on corn; the addition of gum arabic solution and gelatin solution affects the capsule wall thickness, encapsulation rate, etc. of the active strain microcapsule, thereby affecting the rupture time of the active strain microcapsule and the activation time of the active strain, resulting in reduced activity of Verticillium chlamydosporium or failure to exert the strain effect in time, thereby reducing the yield and quality of corn; the addition of isocyanate and formaldehyde affects the capsule wall thickness, encapsulation rate, etc. of the vitamin E microcapsule, thereby affecting the release rate and release cycle of vitamin E, resulting in reduced utilization of vitamin E by corn, thereby affecting the growth state and yield of corn.

[0115] 3. Growth promotion and yield increase effects of Solanaceae crops A multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer was prepared according to the preparation method of Examples 15-21. At the same time, the commercially available "Yishibang" amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer produced by Syngenta was selected as a control group. Tomato was selected as a test variety. After the tomatoes were raised in indoor potted seedlings, transplanted seedlings with consistent growth in each treatment were selected and transplanted into the test field. The multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Examples 15-21 and commercially available products were applied to the tomatoes. The application method was as follows: drip irrigation was performed once after transplanting, and the application amount was 2 kg / mu. After fruiting, the leaves were sprayed once, and the application amount was 100 g / mu. The number of tomato samples applied with each water-soluble fertilizer was 150 plants, which were recorded as a group. The plant height, stem thickness, and fresh weight of the aboveground part were measured 30 days after transplanting. The average of the same group was taken and the results were recorded in Table 5. The vitamin C content and soluble sugar content of the fruit were measured 120 days after transplanting, and the sugar-acid ratio was calculated. The average of the same group was taken and the results were recorded in Table 6.

[0116] The test method for fruit vitamin C content, soluble sugar content and sugar-acid ratio is as follows: tomatoes are harvested and refrigerated, and biochemical indicators are measured within 5 days. Ten tomato plants are selected from each group, and one fruit is randomly picked from each plant as a test sample. 50g of fruit tissue is randomly selected for each test sample, and the tissue is homogenized and set aside. A continuous flow analyzer is used to determine the vitamin C content and soluble sugar content, and the sugar-acid ratio is calculated.

[0117] Table 5 Growth of tomatoes 30 days after transplanting Table 6 Component test results of tomatoes 120 days after transplanting project Vitamin C content / % Soluble sugar content / % Sugar-acid ratio Embodiment 15 0.016 3.79 7.9 Example 16 0.014 3.11 5.9 Embodiment 17 0.013 3.08 6.1 Embodiment 18 0.013 3.12 6.0 Embodiment 19 0.014 3.11 5.8 Embodiment 20 0.013 3.07 6.1 Embodiment 21 0.014 3.13 5.9 Commercially available products 0.013 2.81 5.1 According to Tables 5-6, Example 15 and commercially available products, it can be seen that the plant height, stem thickness and fresh weight of the aboveground part of tomatoes treated with the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 15 are better than those of commercially available products, indicating that the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 15 has excellent growth-promoting and yield-increasing effects. At the same time, after the tomatoes treated with the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 15 are harvested, the vitamin C and soluble sugar contents are high, and the sugar-acid ratio of the tomato fruit is significantly improved, indicating that the water-soluble fertilizer not only has the effect of promoting growth, but also can improve the quality and taste of tomato fruit.

[0118] In material A, potassium alginate and calcium nitrate are cross-linked to form a capsule wall, and amino acids and erythrogenic Penicillium extract are coated to form functional substance microcapsules. The exogenously added amino acids can be directly absorbed and utilized by tomatoes due to their small molecular weight, promoting the growth, development and metabolism of tomatoes. The erythrogenic Penicillium extract can induce immune responses in tomatoes, inhibit nematodes and other pests and diseases, and at the same time promote the accumulation of nutrients such as vitamin C, lycopene, amino acids and soluble sugars in tomato fruits, thereby improving the quality of tomato fruits. Through the coating of potassium alginate, the functional substance microcapsules can slowly release amino acids and erythrogenic Penicillium extract, thereby reducing pests and diseases during the growth of tomatoes, increasing the accumulation of nutrients, and improving the yield and quality of tomato fruits.

[0119] In material B, gum arabic and gelatin are cross-linked to form a capsule wall, which is used to coat Verticillium chlamydosporium to form active strain microcapsules. Verticillium chlamydosporium can enhance the resistance of tomatoes to root-knot nematode disease and is beneficial to the growth and development of tomatoes. In addition, Verticillium chlamydosporium can also promote the growth of tomato roots and nutritional organs, promote the growth of seedlings, secrete substances that are beneficial to tomato metabolism, and stimulate the growth and development of tomatoes. The active strain microcapsules can effectively maintain the activity of Verticillium chlamydosporium, thereby improving the effectiveness of Verticillium chlamydosporium on tomatoes.

[0120] Isocyanate and formaldehyde are cross-linked in material C to form a capsule wall to encapsulate vitamin E. Vitamin E can enhance the stress resistance of tomatoes, while improving the photosynthesis efficiency of tomatoes, increasing the photosynthetic products of tomatoes, and helping to increase the accumulation rate and amount of nutrients in tomatoes, so that tomato fruits contain more nutrients such as vitamin C, amino acids, and soluble sugars, effectively improving the quality of tomato fruits. Vitamin E microcapsules can encapsulate vitamin E and regulate the release rate and amount of vitamin E, thereby improving the absorption and utilization rate of vitamin E in tomatoes.

[0121] After the application of Examples 16-21, the plant height, stem thickness, fresh weight of the aboveground part, vitamin C, soluble sugar and sugar-acid ratio of tomatoes were inferior to those of Example 15. Examples 16-17 adjusted the addition amounts of component A and component B when preparing material A, Examples 18-19 adjusted the addition amounts of gum arabic solution and gelatin solution when preparing material B, and Examples 20-21 adjusted the addition amounts of isocyanate and formaldehyde when preparing material C. The above substances are all capsule wall materials of the corresponding microcapsules, indicating that the addition amount of capsule wall materials will affect the application effect of the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer.

[0122] The principles of Examples 16-21 are similar to those of Examples 2-7. The addition of component A and component B affects the capsule wall morphology, thickness and encapsulation rate of the functional substance microcapsules, thereby changing the release cycle and release rate of the amino acids and the Penicillium erythrogenum extract, and reducing the utilization rate of the amino acids and the Penicillium erythrogenum extract by tomatoes, thereby reducing the yield and quality of tomatoes; the addition of gum arabic solution and gelatin solution affects the capsule wall thickness, encapsulation rate, etc. of the active strain microcapsules, thereby affecting the rupture time of the active strain microcapsules and the activation time of the active strains, thereby reducing the activity of Verticillium chlamydosporium and changing the action time, thereby reducing the yield and quality of tomatoes; the addition of isocyanate and formaldehyde affects the capsule wall thickness, encapsulation rate, etc. of the vitamin E microcapsules, thereby affecting the release rate of vitamin E, reducing the utilization rate of vitamin E by tomatoes, and reducing the yield and quality of tomatoes.

[0123] IV. Growth promotion and yield increase effects of tobacco crops A multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer was prepared according to the preparation method of Examples 22-28. At the same time, the commercially available "Yishibang" amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer produced by Syngenta was selected as a control group. Tobacco was selected as a test variety. After the tobacco was potted indoors, the transplanted seedlings with the same growth in each treatment were selected and transplanted into the test field. The multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Examples 22-28 and the commercially available products were applied to the tobacco. The application method was as follows: drip irrigation was used once after transplanting, and application The dosage was 2kg / mu, and the leaves were sprayed once after topping, with an application rate of 100g / mu. The number of tobacco samples applied with each water-soluble fertilizer was 150 plants, which were recorded as a group. The plant height, stem diameter, and fresh weight of the aboveground part were measured 30 days after transplanting. The average of the same group was taken and the results were recorded in Table 7; the reducing sugar content, amino acid content, and nicotine content of the tobacco leaves were measured 150 days after transplanting. Ten tobacco plants were selected from the same group, and 200g of tobacco leaves were picked from each plant as test samples. The average of the same group was taken and the results were recorded in Table 6.

[0124] Table 7 Growth of tobacco leaves 30 days after transplanting Table 8 Component test results of tobacco leaves 150 days after transplanting project Reducing sugar content / % Amino acid content / (mg / g) Nicotine content / % Embodiment 22 4.89 12.59 0.62 Embodiment 23 3.98 8.64 0.56 Embodiment 24 4.30 9.16 0.57 Embodiment 25 4.19 7.58 0.49 Embodiment 26 4.29 10.61 0.52 Embodiment 27 4.01 8.49 0.48 Embodiment 28 4.25 8.05 0.55 Commercially available products 3.63 6.74 0.46 According to Tables 7-8, Example 22 and commercially available products, it can be seen that the plant height, stem thickness and fresh weight of the aboveground part of the tobacco treated with the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 22 are better than those of the commercially available products, indicating that the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 22 can effectively promote the growth and development of tobacco. At the same time, after the tobacco treated with the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 22 matures, the reducing sugar, amino acid and nicotine contents are better than those of the commercially available products, indicating that the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 22 not only has a promoting effect on the growth state of tobacco, but also can improve the quality of tobacco leaves and increase the content of special aromatic substances in tobacco.

[0125] In material A, sodium alginate and calcium acetate are cross-linked to form a capsule wall, and amino acids and Paecilomyces variotii extract are coated to form functional substance microcapsules. Amino acids have an important influence on the growth, development, quality and formation of aroma substances of tobacco. Supplementing amino acids to tobacco is beneficial to improving the quality and aroma quality of tobacco. Paecilomyces variotii extract can significantly improve the disease resistance of tobacco, reduce the occurrence of viral diseases, root and stem diseases and late leaf spot diseases, and at the same time promote the growth of tobacco, improve the yield and quality of tobacco, increase the content of reducing sugar, amino acids and nicotine in tobacco, thereby improving the quality of tobacco. Through the coating of sodium alginate, the functional substance microcapsules can slowly release amino acids and Paecilomyces variotii extract, so that more nutrients can be accumulated during the growth of tobacco, thereby improving the yield and quality of tobacco.

[0126] In material B, gum arabic and gelatin are cross-linked to form a capsule wall to coat the spore powder of Trichoderma harzianum. The spore powder of Trichoderma harzianum can effectively prevent and control various fungal diseases on tobacco, promote the growth of tobacco, increase the height and stem thickness of tobacco plants, and significantly affect the structure of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of tobacco. While reducing the diversity of microbial communities, it significantly promotes the increase in the abundance of various beneficial bacterial groups, which is beneficial to improving the stress resistance of tobacco. The active strain microcapsules can maintain the activity of Trichoderma harzianum spores, thereby improving the activity of Trichoderma harzianum.

[0127] In material C, isocyanate and formaldehyde are cross-linked to form a capsule wall, which encapsulates vitamin E to form vitamin E microcapsules, which can effectively maintain the activity of vitamin E, thereby facilitating the absorption and utilization of vitamin E by plants, improving the photosynthesis efficiency of tobacco leaves, and facilitating the accumulation of nutrients in tobacco leaves.

[0128] The plant height, stem thickness, fresh weight of the aboveground part, reducing sugar, amino acid and nicotine content of the tobacco after application in Examples 23-28 were inferior to those in Example 22. In Examples 23-24, the addition amounts of component A and component B were adjusted when preparing material A. In Examples 25-26, the addition amounts of gum arabic solution and gelatin solution were adjusted when preparing material B. In Examples 27-28, the addition amounts of isocyanate and formaldehyde were adjusted when preparing material C. All of the above substances are capsule wall materials of the corresponding microcapsules, indicating that the addition amount of capsule wall materials will affect the application effect of the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer.

[0129] The principles of Examples 23-28 are similar to those of Examples 2-7. The addition amounts of component A and component B affect the capsule wall morphology, thickness and encapsulation rate of the functional substance microcapsules, thereby changing the release cycle and release rate of the amino acids and Paecilomyces variotii extracts, and reducing the utilization rate of the amino acids and Paecilomyces variotii extracts by tobacco, thereby reducing the yield and quality of tobacco leaves; the addition amounts of gum arabic solution and gelatin solution affect the capsule wall thickness, encapsulation rate, etc. of the active strain microcapsules, thereby affecting the rupture time of the active strain microcapsules and the activation time of the active strains, thereby reducing the activity of the spore powder of Trichoderma harzianum and changing the action time, thereby reducing the yield and quality of tobacco; the addition amounts of isocyanate and formaldehyde affect the capsule wall thickness, encapsulation rate, etc. of the vitamin E microcapsules, thereby affecting the release rate of vitamin E, reducing the utilization rate of vitamin E by tobacco leaves, and reducing the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.

[0130] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present application and is not a limitation of the present application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications to the present embodiment without any creative contribution as needed, but such modifications are protected by the patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Add material A, material B and material C, mix them evenly, then add Span-80 adjuvant, Tween-80 adjuvant, white carbon black, magnesium aluminum silicate, xanthan gum and Kasson, add defoamer while stirring, mix them evenly, then add deionized water to prepare a multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer; In the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer, the mass parts of each raw material are as follows: 370-750 parts of material A, 220-300 parts of material B, 200-440 parts of material C, 7.5-55 parts of Span-80 additives, 3.5-45 parts of Tween-80 additives, 8-10 parts of white carbon black, 18-20 parts of magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.4-0.5 parts of xanthan gum, 0.3-0.4 parts of kason, 0.1-0.2 parts of defoaming agent and 0.1-0.5 parts of water; The material A is a functional substance microcapsule suspension, the material B is an active strain microcapsule suspension, and the material C is a vitamin E microcapsule suspension.

2. The method for preparing a multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the material A, the core of the functional substance microcapsule is a functional substance, and the functional substance is selected from one or more of humic acid, peat, Penicillium variotii extract, amino acid raw powder, Penicillium erythrogenum extract, amino acid raw solution and Sargassum extract. The capsule wall of the functional substance microcapsule is formed by cross-linking component A and component B. The component A is a seaweed extract, and the seaweed extract is selected from one or more of sodium alginate, potassium alginate, Sargassum extract, and seaweed crushed slurry. The component B is a soluble calcium salt, and the soluble calcium salt is selected from calcium acetate or calcium nitrate.

3. The method for preparing a multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preparation method of material A comprises the following steps: heating to 45-50° C., adding deionized water, functional substances and component A while shearing until they are completely dissolved, increasing the rotation speed to 2800-3000 r / min, adding component B dropwise until component B is added dropwise, adding alkyl glycoside, adjusting the viscosity to less than 200 mPa·s, adding deionized water to make up the balance to 1 kL, and obtaining material A.

4. The method for preparing a multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the material B, the capsule core of the active strain microcapsule is selected from active strains, the active strain is selected from one or more of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Verticillium chlamydosporium, Trichoderma harzianum spore powder, and Paecilomyces lilacinus, and the capsule wall of the active strain microcapsule is one or more of gum arabic and gelatin.

5. The method for preparing a multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preparation method of material B comprises the following steps: adding deionized water and active bacterial strains, stirring until fully moistened and dispersed, adding 6-12wt% gum arabic solution, heating to 55-60°C, and dripping 60-80wt% gelatin solution dissolved by heating under high pressure homogenization until the gelatin solution is dripped, adding a dispersant, cooling to room temperature, the solution viscosity is less than 200mPa·s, and adding deionized water to make up the balance to 1kL to obtain material B.

6. The method for preparing a multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the material C, the core of the vitamin E microcapsule is vitamin E, and the capsule wall of the vitamin E microcapsule is cross-linked by isocyanate and formaldehyde.

7. The method for preparing a multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preparation method of the material C comprises the following steps: adding methylated soybean oil and vitamin E, stirring until completely dissolved, adding isocyanate, stirring thoroughly to form a uniform solution, adding to water containing fatty alcohol ether phosphate, high-speed shearing emulsification to obtain an emulsion, adding formaldehyde dropwise while stirring, gradually heating to 65-70° C., reducing the speed to 300-320 r / min after the reaction is complete, heat-insulating and curing for 1-1.2 hours, adding 8-12wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution, stirring evenly, and adding EO-PO block polyether dispersant and ethylene glycol to obtain the material C.

8. Application of a multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer, characterized in that: The multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer is suitable for application during the period from seedling raising and transplanting to maturity of green leaf crops, cereal crops, solanaceous crops and tobacco crops. The multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the preparation method of the multifunctional controlled-release liquid water-soluble fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

Images