Track laying method

Abstract

The invention relates to a track laying method which comprises the following steps: s1, laying railway ballasts, s2, scattering track materials, s3, scattering sleepers, s4, anchoring spikes with sulfur, s5, laying tracks, manually moving the sleepers onto a track bed, adjusting to enable the distance between the sleepers to preliminarily meet the design requirement, meanwhile, requiring the sleepers to be placed in a square and non-skew manner, mounting a rubber cushion plate after a track bearing groove is cleaned up, and laying the sleepers on the track bed. After the steel rail is manually carried in place and falls into a groove, the steel rail is longitudinally adjusted according to the width of a rail gap, and after it is ensured that the rail gap meets the requirement, rail fasteners or spikes are installed; and after the steel rail on one side is installed, the steel rail on the other side is installed, and the steel rail is pushed forwards repeatedly according to the sequence to complete rail laying. A standardized track laying method is provided, the anchoring slurry is prepared, the quality is good, repeated carrying and adjusting of the steel rails and the sleepers are reduced, and the efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of track laying, and in particular to a manual track laying method. Background Art

[0002] Since the working environment of the track laying process is complex and the workpieces are large and heavy, the workload of manual track laying is large. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the misaligned operations in the track laying process, which requires a set of standard laying methods. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a track laying method, aiming to solve the problem of repeatedly carrying workpieces or repeating correction operations during the track laying process.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a track laying method, comprising the following steps: s1, ballast laying, first use a car to transport the ballast material from the ballast yard to the roadbed for pre-laying ballast, the width, thickness, and middle groove of the pre-laid ballast should be strictly controlled to ensure that the surface is flat, uniform and straight, and after the pre-laid ballast is completed, the surveying team will measure and lay out the entire line, and measure and determine the center pile position every 50 meters for straight lines, 20 meters for circular curves, and every 10 meters for transition curves, and sprinkle white lime to form a pillow line and release the line center; s2, scattering rail materials, using a car to lay the rails from After the track laying base is transported to the construction site, the rails are manually unloaded and placed on both sides of the ballast bed, evenly arranged according to the length of the rails to reduce the movement of the rails; s3, scattering sleepers, the sleepers are transported to the construction site by car and unloaded onto the ballast bed by a car crane. After unloading, the sleeper scattering density is determined according to the density of sleepers laid on the line; s4, sulfur anchoring spikes, sulfur, cement, sand and paraffin are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:1.5:0.03, and the error of the mixing ratio is ≤2%. First pour in the sand and heat it to 100-120℃, then pour in the cement Stir and heat to about 130℃, finally add sulfur and paraffin, continue stirring and heating to mix the slurry evenly, and obtain the anchor slurry when it thickens from thin to liquid gel; clean the debris on the surface of the spiral spike and the reserved hole of the sleeper, dry the anchor hole, seal the bottom of the reserved hole with medium-coarse sand and tamp it, and ensure that the net hole depth is ≥160mm. After the anchor slurry is injected into the hole from the sleeper surface, the spiral spike is slowly inserted vertically to position it, and the mold is removed after the anchor slurry solidifies; s5, track laying, manually move the sleepers to the ballast bed, and adjust them to make the initial sleeper spacing In line with the design requirements, the sleepers are required to be placed squarely and not skewed. After cleaning the rail groove, install the rubber pad. After manually lifting the rails into place and falling into the groove, the rails are first adjusted longitudinally according to the track gap width to ensure that the track gap meets the requirements before installing the track fasteners or spikes. After installing the rails on one side, install the rails on the other side. After the rails on the other side are in place, first use a square to adjust the sleepers to the squareness before installing the fasteners or spikes. After completion, install the fishtail splint, the connecting part of the rail joint. Repeat this sequence and move forward to complete the track laying.

[0005] A further technical solution of the present invention is: in step s5, the rail gap width is 8 mm, the track gauge is 1435 mm, and the sleeper spacing is 500 mm, 617 mm, or 665 mm.

[0006] A further technical solution of the present invention is: the sulfur used in step s4 is industrial sulfur with a purity of ≥95%, which is broken into pieces and dried before batching; the cement used is passed through a 2mm sieve; the sand used is natural graded medium-coarse sand with a particle size of ≤2mm, which is sieved, washed and dried before batching; the paraffin used is industrial paraffin, which is broken into pieces before batching.

[0007] A further technical solution of the present invention is: in step s4, the heating temperature is ≤180°C, and the anchoring slurry is kept warm at 140°C while being stirred continuously during standby.

[0008] A further technical solution of the present invention is: in step s4, the spiral spike is vertically inserted left and right along the anchor frame, perpendicular to the rail groove surface, skewed ≤2°, and deviated from the center of the reserved hole ≤2mm; the bottom surface of the spiral spike cone is higher than the rail groove surface, the height of the higher height is 0 to 2mm when using a spring bar fastener, and 0 to 5mm when using a pinch plate fastener.

[0009] A further technical solution of the present invention is: in step s4, the grouting depth is 20 mm greater than the length of the spiral spike inserted into the hole, and at the same time, the top surface of the anchoring slurry is flush with the surface of the rail bearing groove.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: due to the adoption of the above technical solution, a standardized track laying method is provided, including the preparation of anchoring slurry, which has good quality, reduces the repeated handling and adjustment of rails and sleepers, and has high efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 The utility model is a construction flow chart of a track laying method described in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0013] like Figure 1 A track laying method is shown.

[0014] Construction preparation: 1. Before track laying, use a car to unload the rails to the vicinity of the construction roadbed section. While unloading the rails, check the size of each rail, mark it on the rail head, drag the rails to the designated position and put them on the shoulder, and then unload the sleepers to both sides of the roadbed shoulder; 2. The designed number of bottom ballast and surface ballast should be spread on the roadbed track, and the ballast should be spread and compacted according to the roadbed section to ensure the required amount of track laying and top ballast; 3. Before construction, pair the rails according to the length and sequence marked in the rail table, and use a car to drag the rails to the corresponding laying location; 4. Evenly distribute the sleepers according to the number of sleepers and the required number of fasteners for each rail section indicated in the rail table, lift them to the laying site manually, and square the sleepers according to the centerline piles of the line; 5. Block the eyes of the concrete sleepers, scatter the spiral spikes, and manually boil the slurry in proportion and anchor them.

[0015] For single-track railways, the roadbed is constructed in sections, so the material stacking site is limited. In order to reduce the secondary transportation of materials, the entry and stacking of materials must be strictly arranged according to the construction organization plan and the progress.

[0016] Construction plan:

[0017] 1. Ballast laying: Before ballast laying, ballast should be pre-laid according to the center line. The pre-laid ballast is transported from the ballast yard to the roadbed by car. The width, thickness and middle groove of the pre-laid ballast should be strictly controlled. The surface should be flat, uniform and straight. The thickness and width of the roadbed should meet the design requirements of the track construction drawing. After laying, the survey team will release the line center and prepare for track laying.

[0018] 2. Spread the rail material. After the bottom ballast and the surface ballast are initially laid, the rails can be laid. After the rails are transported from the track laying base to the site by car, they are manually unloaded and placed on both sides of the track bed, evenly arranged according to the length of the rails to reduce the movement of the rails.

[0019] 3. Scattering sleepers: The sleepers are spread after the ballast is laid and rolled. After the car is transported to the construction site, the sleepers are unloaded onto the ballast bed using a truck crane. The scattering density must roughly match the density of sleepers laid on the line to reduce the workload of moving sleepers.

[0020] 4. Sulfur anchor spikes, (1) Raw materials: The spiral spike anchor material is made of sulfur, cement, sand and paraffin wax. The sulfur is industrial sulfur with a purity of more than 95%. It should be broken into pieces before preparation. If it is damp, it should be dried before preparation. The cement is ordinary silicate cement. If it is damp and agglomerated, it can be crushed and passed through a 2mm sieve. It can still be used after sieving. The sand is natural graded medium-coarse sand with a particle size of no more than 2mm. It should be sieved, washed and dried before preparation. The paraffin wax is industrial paraffin wax and should be broken into pieces before preparation. (2) The mix ratio is sulfur: cement: sand: paraffin wax = 1:0.4:1.5:0.03. It should be prepared according to the designed mix ratio. The mass of each material should be strictly weighed, and the error should not be greater than 2%. The prepared solution should be thick but not affect the fluidity required during injection. (3) Boiling process: According to the selected mix ratio, weigh the amount of various materials to be melted at one time, first pour in the sand and heat it to 100-120℃, then pour in the cement and heat it to about 130℃, finally add sulfur and paraffin, continue stirring and heating, mix the slurry evenly, and it can be used when it changes from thin to thick and becomes liquid gel (temperature rises to about 160℃). The heating power should be controllable and not too strong, and the melting process should be stirred continuously. The slurry temperature shall not exceed 180℃, and a thermometer should be used to control the temperature. The melted slurry should be kept warm so that the anchor slurry is kept at about 140℃ for a long time, and it should be stirred frequently to prevent the sand from segregating easily.

[0021] The melting site should be located downwind of one end of the production line and not too far from the anchoring operation. The slurry boiling personnel should wear appropriate protective equipment to prevent poisoning or scalding. Record the proportion of each material during each boiling and the temperature of the slurry when melting.

[0022] Before anchoring, the debris in the reserved hole of the sleeper should be cleaned up, and the anchor hole should be dry without moisture. When anchoring, the bottom of the reserved hole should be sealed and tamped with medium-coarse sand to prevent leakage, and the net hole depth should not be less than 160mm. After the anchor slurry is injected into the hole from the pillow surface, the spiral spike is slowly inserted vertically to position, and the mold is removed after the anchor slurry solidifies. The spiral spike should be wiped clean and no dirt or other debris should be attached. Insert the spiral spike vertically along the left and right sides of the anchor frame, perpendicular to the bearing rail groove surface, the skew should not be greater than 2°, and the deviation from the center of the reserved hole should not be greater than 2mm. The bottom surface of the spiral spike round (square) table should be higher than the bearing rail groove surface, 0 to 2mm higher when using spring bar fasteners, and 0 to 5mm higher when using gusset fasteners. The grouting liquid should be completed at one time, but it should not be too full. The grouting depth should be 20mm greater than the length of the spiral spike inserted into the hole. The top surface of the anchoring slurry should be flush with the surface of the rail bearing groove. The overflowed residue should be scraped and leveled after solidification to ensure the flat installation of the pad and the iron seat. When the wind force is above level 5 and the temperature is below zero, in order to ensure the quality of the spike anchoring, the spike anchoring operation shall not be carried out without taking corresponding measures. The measures taken must ensure that the temperature of the spike and the anchor hole is above zero.

[0023] 5. Track laying: Before the ballast is laid and the track is laid, the entire line should be measured and laid out. The center pile position should be determined every 50 meters for straight lines, 20 meters for circular curves, and every 10 meters for gentle curves. The pillow line should be sprinkled with white lime as required (the left side of the upward direction for straight sections and the outside of the curve for curved sections). At the same time, the track matching and rail material calculations should be performed based on the horizontal and vertical line shapes of the line and the connection switch positions. (1) Sleeper placement: Manually move the sleepers to the ballast bed and adjust them so that the sleeper spacing initially meets the design requirements. At the same time, the sleepers should be basically square and not skewed. Clean the rail bearing groove and install the rubber pad. (2) Laying and nailing rails: After the rails are manually lifted and placed in the grooves, they are first adjusted longitudinally according to the width of the rail joint to ensure that the rail joint meets the requirements. Then the rail fasteners or spikes are installed. After the rails on one side are installed, the rails on the other side are installed. After the rails on the other side are placed in the grooves, the sleepers should be squared with a square ruler (if the section is made with wooden sleepers, a track ruler is also required to control the track gauge). Then the fasteners or spikes are installed. After completion, the fishtail splint, which is the connecting part of the rail joint, is installed. The process is carried out in this order.

[0024] The rails used are P50-25m tool rails, the rail gap is 8mm, the track gauge is 1435mm, and the main line uses type IIIa sleepers. When installing the gauge baffle seat and gauge baffle, pay attention to follow the requirements.

[0025] Requirements for raw materials entering the site: (1) Rails. When standard length rails enter the site, the length of the rails must be measured one by one, and the actual length must be marked on the end of the rail head. The length error must be taken into account when aligning the rails. (2) Concrete sleepers. When concrete sleepers enter the site, the model and size (length, width, height, relative position of embedded parts) of the sleepers must be randomly inspected at 2%, and the appearance and quality of the sleepers must be fully inspected. Sleepers with falling blocks or exposed steel bars are strictly prohibited from use. (3) Ballast. When ballast enters the site, its type, appearance, and cleanliness must be inspected and accepted, and its quality must comply with the requirements of "Railway Crushed Stone Ballast" TB / T2140.

[0026] Sleeper spacing requirements: The sleepers should be square, and the allowable deviation of the spacing is ±20mm; the allowable deviation of the distance between 6 consecutive sleepers is ±30mm.

[0027] Gauge requirements: The allowable deviation of the departure line gauge is (+4mm, -2mm), and the gauge change rate: the station line shall not be greater than 2‰. The allowable deviation of the secondary station line gauge is (+6mm, -2mm).

[0028] Installation torque requirements for spring clip fasteners: The bottom of the spiral spike cone should be higher than the rail groove surface: 0-2mm for spring clip fasteners and 0-5mm for buckle plate fasteners. Torque requirements: The torque of type I spring clip fasteners is 100-150N·m when the radius is greater than 600m, and should be 120N·m-150N·m when the radius is less than or equal to 600m. It is advisable for the spiral spike to expose 3 threads. The buckling pressure should be less than the specified value and should not be greater than 8%. The rubber pad should not be damaged, and the deflection should not be greater than 8% if it is greater than 5mm.

[0029] Requirements for inserting short rails: If it is necessary to insert short rails, the seamless line track shall not be less than 24m; the departure line shall not be less than 12.5m, and shall not be shorter than 6m under difficult conditions; the secondary station line shall not be less than 4.5m. When adjusting the position of the rail joint on the bridge, the short rail should be laid 10m away from the end of the abutment.

[0030] Insulation joints at signal machines: The insulation joints of the two rails at signal machines should be relative, and the rail gap should not be less than 6mm. Considering the convenience of signal construction, the joint position is preferably set within the range of 0.5m in front of the signal machine to 0.5m behind the signal machine, and special-shaped joints are not allowed.

[0031] Allowable deviation between track centerline and line design centerline: The track centerline should be consistent with the line design centerline, and the allowable deviation of the track centerline is ±30mm. The station line spacing should be coordinated and adjusted with the platform error.

[0032] Before track construction, workers should be educated on safety, with safety priorities highlighted and safety awareness raised. Technical personnel and safety personnel should formulate safety measures based on the actual situation on site, and supervise and monitor their implementation. Track construction equipment must be tested for performance before use to ensure that it is in a stable state before use. When shifting tracks, place the crowbar at the bottom of the rail, with the angle between the crowbar and the rail not less than 45° and the insertion depth not less than 20cm to prevent the sled from falling. During manual tamping operations, workers should not stand opposite each other, and the interval between each group should not be less than 3 sleepers. Rail material loading should not exceed the limit, be overloaded, or be eccentrically loaded, and should be tied firmly; loading and unloading operations should not be carried out before the vehicle stops steadily, and the rail material stacking should be stable in the designated area and should not intrude into the limit. When shifting rails, operators must stand on the same side of the rails, insert the crowbar firmly, and unify command and actions to prevent the crowbar from slipping and injuring people.

[0033] (5) When fastening, it is forbidden to put your hands between the rail groove and the bottom of the rail. When moving fasteners and rail sleepers, you must push the crowbar with your hands to prevent the crowbar from hitting your head. Vehicles carrying rails and long turnout sleepers must be tied and reinforced in accordance with relevant regulations, and conspicuous protective signs must be added in accordance with the regulations for the transportation of long and large goods. The escort personnel must observe the changes in the turnout materials at any time. If they find abnormal displacement and failure of the binding, they must promptly notify the vehicle to stop and deal with it to prevent the turnout materials from slipping and causing accidents. When manually turning the turnout rails, all operators must stand on the same side of the rails and command in a unified manner. When turning the rails, use the crowbar to knock on the rail head to warn. When all personnel have left the rails and confirmed that it is safe, they can start turning the rails. It is strictly forbidden to stand in front of and behind the crowbar. When calling the number, two people must be at the same time to prevent the crowbar from flying out and injuring people. When driving spikes, the two groups of people cannot be on the same wooden sleeper, but must be staggered in front and behind. The person pressing the crowbar stands at a right angle to it and presses the crowbar with his hands. He must not sit on the crowbar to prevent the crowbar from sliding and injuring people.

[0034] When shifting tracks, the crowbar must be placed at the bottom of the rail, with the angle of intersection with the axial direction of the rail not less than 45° and the insertion depth not less than 20cm to avoid sliding and falling.

[0035] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A track laying method comprising the following steps: s1. Ballast laying: First, use cars to transport ballast materials from the ballast yard to the roadbed for pre-paving. The width, thickness, and middle groove of the pre-paved ballast should be strictly controlled to ensure that the surface is flat, uniform, and straight. After the pre-paving of the ballast is completed, the surveying team will measure and lay out the entire line. The center pile position is determined by measuring every 50 meters for straight lines, 20 meters for circular curves, and every 10 meters for transition curves. The pillow line is sprinkled with white lime to lay out the center of the line; s2. Spreading rail materials: After the rails are transported from the track-laying base to the construction site by car, they are manually unloaded and placed on both sides of the track bed, evenly arranged according to the length of the rails to reduce the movement of the rails; S3. Scattering sleepers: transport the sleepers to the construction site by car and unload them onto the ballast bed using a truck crane. The density of sleeper scattering after unloading is determined according to the density of sleepers laid on the line; s4. Sulfur anchor spikes: mix sulfur, cement, sand and paraffin in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:1.5:0.03, with a ratio error of ≤2%. First, pour in sand and heat to 100-120℃, then pour in cement, stir and heat to about 130℃, finally add sulfur and paraffin, continue stirring and heating to mix the slurry evenly, and obtain the anchor slurry when it thickens from thin to liquid gel for standby use; clean the debris on the surface of the spiral spike and in the reserved hole of the sleeper, dry the anchor hole, seal the bottom of the reserved hole with medium-coarse sand and tamp it, and ensure that the net hole depth is ≥160mm. After the anchor slurry is injected into the hole from the pillow surface, the spiral spike is slowly inserted vertically to position, and the mold is removed after the anchor slurry solidifies; s5. Track laying: manually move the sleepers to the ballast bed and adjust them so that the sleeper spacing initially meets the design requirements. At the same time, the sleepers are required to be placed squarely and not skewed. After cleaning the rail groove, install the rubber pad. After manually lifting the rails into place and dropping them into the groove, the rails are first adjusted longitudinally according to the track gap width to ensure that the track gap meets the requirements before installing the track fasteners or spikes. After installing the rails on one side, install the rails on the other side. After the rails on the other side are in place, first use a square to adjust the sleepers to the squareness and then install the fasteners or spikes. After completion, install the fishtail clamp, the connecting part of the rail joint. Repeat this sequence and move forward to complete the track laying.

2. A track laying method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step s5, the track gap width is 8 mm, the track gauge is 1435 mm, and the sleeper spacing is 500 mm, 617 mm, or 665 mm.

3. A track laying method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sulfur used in step s4 is industrial sulfur with a purity of ≥95%, which is broken into pieces and dried before batching; the cement used is passed through a 2mm sieve; the sand used is natural graded medium-coarse sand with a particle size of ≤2mm, which is sieved, washed and dried before batching; the paraffin used is industrial paraffin, which is broken into pieces before batching.

4. A track laying method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step s4, the heating temperature is ≤180°C, and the anchoring slurry is kept warm at 140°C while being stirred continuously.

5. A track laying method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step s4, the spiral spike is vertically inserted left and right along the anchor frame, perpendicular to the rail groove surface, skewed ≤2°, and deviated from the center of the reserved hole ≤2mm; the bottom surface of the spiral spike cone is higher than the rail groove surface, the height of which is 0-2mm when using spring clip fasteners and 0-5mm when using pinch plate fasteners.

6. A track laying method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step s4, the grouting depth is 20 mm greater than the length of the spiral spike inserted into the hole, and at the same time, the top surface of the anchoring slurry is flush with the surface of the rail bearing groove.

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