Method for conducting large-dip-angle downhill construction open-off cutting through fully-mechanized coal winning machine

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mine mining, in particular to a method for conducting large-dip-angle downhill construction open-off cut through an integrated excavator, and the method comprises the steps that S1, the integrated excavator is arranged on the upper portion of a designed open-off cut roadway in an air return roadway; s2, lifting a cutting part of the roadheader to perform full-section cutting; s3, the cut and fallen coal gangue is conveyed out through a conveyor; s4, after the coal gangue is transported out, the hydraulic temporary supporting device is lifted to be connected with the top plate for temporary supporting; s5, a rear support of the roadheader falls down, a cutting part is inserted into the coal rock mass (the coal wall), a cutting part shield is installed, a construction platform is installed above the cutting part shield, and a metal net and anchor rods and anchor cables are constructed and hung above the construction platform; and S6, the steps are repeated till construction is completed. The method solves the problem that the progress is influenced by slow progress, large-range roof caving and working face expansion in mountain blasting tunneling, and achieves the purposes of high tunneling speed and safe and controllable caving range, so that potential safety hazards are avoided, and the production progress is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mine mining, and in particular to a method for cutting an eye using a fully-mechanized excavator for downhill construction at a large inclination angle. Background Art

[0002] At present, the construction of tunneling working faces is all done by blasting uphill (i.e. tunneling from bottom to top). Figure 4 As shown in the figure, there are three aspects of force on the working face of uphill blasting: (1) The pressure that the empty top area cd has to bear after blasting is the top part force c1 of the coal rock gravity g1 in the empty top area.

[0003] (2) Thrust that the working face has to bear: the head-on component c2 of the gravity g2 of the coal mass in front of the working face.

[0004] (3) The pressure that the upper part of the working face has to bear: the gravity g of the coal in the middle and upper part of the working face.

[0005] Generally, after the blasting construction is completed, the empty top area cd is supported at a delayed rate in the cycle progress. Normally, it takes about 30 minutes to support the roof of the empty top area. If the working face encounters special conditions such as broken roof, fault, structure, and softening of coal body, under the action of the above three aspects, it is inevitable that the head-on swelling and roof collapse will occur to form an advanced collapse area for blasting uphill. After the blasting, the empty top area cd and the working face will be destroyed and no longer exist, which not only affects the construction progress but also poses a safety hazard of excessive exposure of the empty top area for too long. If head-on swelling and roof collapse occur, the cost of dealing with the hidden dangers will increase.

[0006] It can be seen that the existing blasting construction cutting method has slow progress, and the roof and the head coal body in the working face area often fall off, which poses a great safety hazard and increases the support cost. With the improvement of the mechanization of coal mining, the working face recovery cycle is short and fast, requiring compact and uninterrupted production continuity, so the progress of excavation construction is the key link that restricts the stability of production continuity. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the problems of slow progress, easy swelling and falling of the working face roof and the facing coal body in the existing bottom-up tunneling construction cutting method, which poses a great safety hazard, a method of using a comprehensive excavation machine to carry out large-angle downhill construction cutting is provided, which solves the difficult problems of slow progress, large-scale roof falling, and swelling of the working face affecting the progress in uphill blasting, and achieves the purpose of fast tunneling speed and safe and controllable falling range, thereby avoiding safety hazards and improving production progress.

[0008] The present invention provides a method for cutting holes in a downhill construction process at a large inclination angle by using a fully-mechanized excavator, comprising the following steps: S1. Design the cut-eye roadway with an inclination angle of 15°~40°, and arrange the tunnel boring machine at the upper part of the designed cut-eye roadway in the return air roadway; S2, lift the cutting part of the tunneling machine to cut the entire section downwards on the working surface of the cut-eye tunnel; S3. The gangue cut by the tunnel boring machine is loaded onto the conveyor through the star wheel rake on the shovel board and transported to the belt conveyor in the return air lane and then transported out; S4. Install the hydraulic temporary support device on the tunneling machine. After the coal gangue is transported out, start the oil pump of the tunneling machine, raise the hydraulic temporary support device and connect it to the roof for temporary support; S5. Lower the rear support of the tunneling machine, tilt the cutting part toward the eye-cutting tunnel and penetrate into the coal wall, install the cutting part shield, install the construction platform above the cutting part shield, hang a metal mesh above the construction platform, and install anchor rods and anchor cables. This completes one eye-cutting construction; S6. Repeat steps S2, S3, S4 and S5, and dig downward until the eye cutting construction is completed.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S1, the cutting tunnel is designed to be a rectangular cross-section with a width of 4.4 m and a height of 3.7 m.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S2, the method for full-section cutting is to lift the cutting part and adjust it to the middle and upper part of the cutting eye tunnel, feed the knife from the middle and upper opening of the cutting eye tunnel, swing left and right to cut out a groove first, and perform S-shaped cutting with the groove as the starting point, and then trim the tunnel according to the top plate and two sides, and finally sweep the bottom.

[0011] Furthermore, during the cutting process of the tunnel boring machine, the distance between the tunnel boring machine and the two sides is ≥1m, the cutting depth is 0.3~0.5m, and the cutting cycle progress is 2m.

[0012] Further, in step S3, the conveyor includes a first conveyor, a second conveyor, and a third conveyor that are sequentially connected.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S3, after the coal gangue is transported out, material transportation is carried out in the cutting eye. The material transportation device is installed in the winch chamber of the return air lane. One end of the wire rope of the material transport winch is fixed on the drum of the winch, and the other end of the wire rope is fixed on the base of the winch after passing through the movable pulley. The anchor chain is used to fix the material transport dry boat on the wire rope, and the winch is turned on to lower / up the dry boat.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S4, after the hydraulic temporary support device is installed on the tunnel boring machine, square timber is installed on the upper surface of the hydraulic temporary support device, so as to ensure that the hydraulic temporary support device is further connected to the top plate.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S6, the original oil filling port of the tunnel boring machine is sealed when digging downward, and the air inlet is changed into a dual-purpose structure for oil filling and air intake. The modification method is to add an oil filling port at the air inlet and install a valve at the added oil filling port. The purpose is that the tunnel boring machine is cut at a large angle downhill, and the oil tank of the tunnel boring machine tilts backward, resulting in the hydraulic pipeline sucking air. By sealing the original oil filling port of the tunnel boring machine and changing the air inlet into a dual-purpose structure for oil filling and air intake, the suction air phenomenon is effectively solved.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) The present invention adopts the downhill cutting technology of the tunnel boring machine at a large inclination angle, which solves the problems of slow progress, large-scale roof collapse, and swelling of the working face that affect the progress of uphill blasting, and achieves the purpose of fast excavation speed and safe and controllable collapse range, thereby avoiding safety hazards and improving production progress.

[0017] (2) The method provided by the present invention has the advantages of high degree of mechanization, low labor intensity of workers, high construction efficiency, high safety factor, saving human resources, simple construction process and simple safety management.

[0018] (3) The method provided by the present invention has a monthly footage of 115m / month and a cost of 3,682 yuan / meter; while the existing uphill blasting construction has a maximum monthly footage of 80m / month and a cost of 5,500 yuan / meter; if the uphill blasting method has a roof fall on the working face, it will not only increase the processing cost, but also greatly affect the footage, and the extended construction period will affect the mining and excavation continuity; therefore, the downhill eye cutting construction efficiency of the present invention is 2 to 3 times that of the uphill blasting construction of the prior art, which greatly alleviates the problem of tight mining and excavation continuity in coal mines while shortening the construction period. The method of the present invention uses less labor, has low production cost, and has significant economic benefits.

[0019] (4) The present invention adopts a construction process in which the comprehensive excavator does not retreat and cuts the entire section at one time, which effectively ensures the safety and efficiency of comprehensive excavation construction at a large angle. The problem of the comprehensive excavator sliding down at a large slope is effectively solved by inserting the cutting part into the coal rock mass (coal wall); after installing the cutting part protective cover, a construction platform is set up for support to ensure the safety of the support.

[0020] (5) The present invention adopts the large-section downhill construction eye-cutting technology of a fully-mechanized excavator with a large inclination angle, which eliminates the disadvantages of traditional uphill blasting, such as low mechanization, high labor intensity for workers, complex construction procedures, slow progress, frequent safety hazards such as the falling and swelling of the roof and coal body of the working face, as well as the difficulty in managing pyrotechnics and high labor costs.

[0021] (6) The present invention adopts a multi-purpose excavator to construct a large-angle downhill cutting eye with an average slope of 31° and an extreme slope of 40°, which improves the construction plan of a multi-purpose excavator for downhill cutting at a large angle in the coal seam and has great promotion and application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the construction of turning and opening the door of a comprehensive tunneling machine according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cutting direction of the comprehensive excavator according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of temporary support of a tunnel boring machine according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a force analysis diagram of a steep downhill eye cutting and blasting working face in the background technology of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a force analysis diagram of a tunnel boring machine driving downhill at a steep slope according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure, 1-return air tunnel, 2-tunneling machine, 3-cutting tunnel, 4-trench, 5-hydraulic temporary support device, 6-square timber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1 A method for cutting holes in a downhill construction process at a large inclination angle using a fully-mechanized excavator comprises the following steps: Design of cutting tunnel: The cutting tunnel adopts a rectangular cross-section, with a tunneling width of 4.4 meters and a height of 3.7 meters (digging along the coal seam roof, with visible top and bottom). The average slope of the cutting tunnel is 31°, and the maximum slope is 40°. The cutting tunnel is constructed from top to bottom using a fully-mechanized tunneling machine from the working face return air tunnel (auxiliary transport tunnel); combined with Figure 1 The tunnel boring machine 2 is located in the return air tunnel 1. The tunnel boring machine 2 is used for door opening construction to adjust the direction and smooth the corners. Figure 1The figure shows the direction of the digging machine 2 turning and cornering. During construction, the digging machine 2 is arranged on the upper part of the designed cutting tunnel 3. From the working surface to the outside, the following are arranged in sequence: cutting part, shovel board, first conveyor, second conveyor, third conveyor belt conveyor. The shovel board is arranged below the cutting part, and the third conveyor is bridged to the tail runway of the belt conveyor. Figure 2 At the beginning, the cutting part is lifted and adjusted to the upper opening of the tunnel, and the cutting is first cut out by swinging left and right, and then the groove 4 is cut alternately from left to right and from top to bottom in an S-shaped reciprocating manner. Figure 2 The middle arrow shows the cutting direction, and then the tunnel is trimmed according to the roof and two sides, and finally the bottom is swept. During the cutting process, the distance between the tunnel boring machine and the two sides is ≥1m, the cutting depth is 0.3~0.5m, and the cycle progress is 2m. (3) Coal discharge: The coal gangue cut and dropped in step (2) is loaded onto the first conveyor through the star wheel rake on the shovel board, and transported to the third conveyor through the second conveyor. The coal gangue is transported out through the return air lane belt conveyor by the third conveyor.

[0031] (4) Material transportation: The material transportation device is installed in the winch chamber of the return airway connected to the upper part of the cut. One end of the wire rope of the material transport winch is fixed on the drum of the winch, and the other end of the wire rope is fixed on the base of the winch after passing through the movable pulley. The anchor chain is used to fix the material transport dry boat on the wire rope, and the winch is turned on to send the dry boat down / up; (5) Temporary support: combined with Figure 3 , the hydraulic temporary support device 5 is installed on the comprehensive excavator 2. After cutting and coal discharge, the comprehensive excavator oil pump is started to raise the hydraulic temporary support device 5 to connect the top plate for temporary support. In order to ensure that the temporary support device is connected to the top plate, square wood 6 can be installed on the hydraulic temporary support device 5.

[0032] (6) Anchor net support: After the coal is discharged, the driver of the excavator lowers the rear support of the excavator, and the cutting part is tilted toward the side of the tunnel and penetrates into the coal wall. The cutting part shield is installed, and a construction platform is installed above the cutting part shield. Workers hang metal nets, install anchor rods and anchor cables above the construction platform (because the excavator does not retreat, the gap with the tunnel side is small, and the bottom corner anchor rods of the tunnel side are installed behind the excavator). This completes a downhill eye cutting construction; (7) Repeat steps (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6) until all eye cutting operations are completed.

[0033] Combination Figure 5, shows the force analysis diagram of the excavation using the construction method of the present invention. The method of the present invention is to construct the eye cutting from the return air tunnel (auxiliary transport tunnel) from top to bottom, and its working face is subjected to force on only one side: after the comprehensive excavator cuts coal in the full section of the coal cutting machine for one cycle, the top part force g1 of the weight of the coal mass g at the top of the lagging support empty top section cd and the support force f of the onboard temporary support device on the coal rock mass on the roof form a pair of interacting forces; in addition to the component g1 that is vertically downward with the roof, the weight of the coal rock mass at the top also has a component g2 along the direction of the tunnel. As the tunnel is excavated downward, the coal rock mass in front of the working face provides a support force opposite to the direction of the tunnel to the unexcavated area of ​​the roof, which interacts with g2. Even if the working face encounters a structural fault or the coal body becomes soft, the support force f provided by the onboard temporary support device and the support force f2 provided by the unexcavated area can ensure the safety of the working face after cutting. Therefore, when the method of the present invention is used to construct the eye cutting, there will be no three-way force and large-scale advanced caving. Through the mechanical analysis of uphill and downhill excavation (such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown), it is known that the method of cutting downhill with a large-angle construction of a comprehensive tunnel boring machine of the present invention solves the problems of slow progress, large-scale roof collapse, and swelling of the working face that affect the progress of uphill blasting, and achieves the purpose of fast excavation speed and safe and controllable collapse range, thereby avoiding safety hazards and improving production progress.

[0034] The method of the present invention is used to construct downhill cutting, with a monthly footage of 115m / month and a cost of 3,682 yuan / meter; while the prior art uphill blasting construction has a maximum monthly footage of 80m / month and a cost of 5,500 yuan / meter; if the uphill blasting method has a roof fall phenomenon on the working face, it will not only increase the processing cost, but also greatly affect the footage, and the extended construction period will affect the mining and excavation continuation; so the downhill cutting construction efficiency of the present invention is 2 to 3 times that of the prior art uphill blasting construction, which greatly alleviates the problem of coal mining and excavation continuation tension while shortening the construction period. The method of the present invention uses less labor, has low production cost, and has significant economic benefits.

[0035] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various equivalent modifications or substitutions to the embodiments of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions shall be within the scope of the present invention. Any person of ordinary skill in the art may easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and these shall be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cutting holes in a downhill construction project at a large inclination angle using a fully-mechanized excavator, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Design the cut-eye roadway with an inclination angle of 15°~40°, and arrange the tunnel boring machine at the upper part of the designed cut-eye roadway in the return air roadway; S2, lift the cutting part of the tunneling machine to cut the entire section downwards on the working surface of the cut-eye tunnel; S3. The gangue cut by the tunnel boring machine is loaded onto the conveyor through the star wheel rake on the shovel board and transported to the belt conveyor in the return air lane and then transported out; S4. Install the hydraulic temporary support device on the tunneling machine. After the coal gangue is transported out, start the oil pump of the tunneling machine, raise the hydraulic temporary support device and connect it to the roof for temporary support; S5. Lower the rear support of the tunneling machine, tilt the cutting part toward the eye-cutting tunnel and penetrate into the coal wall, install the cutting part shield, install the construction platform above the cutting part shield, hang a metal mesh above the construction platform, and install anchor rods and anchor cables. This completes one eye-cutting construction; S6. Repeat steps S2, S3, S4 and S5, and dig downward until the eye cutting construction is completed.

2. A method for cutting holes at a high-angle downhill construction using a fully-mechanized tunneling machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the cut-eye tunnel is designed to be a rectangular cross-section with a width of 4.4 m and a height of 3.7 m.

3. A method for cutting holes at a high-angle downhill construction using a fully-mechanized tunneling machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the method of full-section cutting is to lift the cutting part and adjust it to the middle and upper part of the cutting eye tunnel, feed the knife from the middle and upper opening of the cutting eye tunnel, swing left and right to cut out a groove first, and perform S-shaped cutting with the groove as the starting point, then trim the tunnel according to the top plate and two sides, and finally sweep the bottom.

4. A method for cutting holes at a high-angle downhill construction using a fully-mechanized tunneling machine as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: During the cutting process of the tunnel boring machine, the distance between the tunnel boring machine and the two sides is ≥1m, the cutting depth is 0.3~0.5m, and the cutting cycle progress is 2m.

5. The method for cutting holes at a high-angle downhill construction using a fully-mechanized tunneling machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the conveyor includes a first conveyor, a second conveyor, and a third conveyor which are connected in sequence.

6. A method for cutting holes at a high-angle downhill construction using a fully-mechanized tunneling machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, after the coal gangue is transported out, material transportation is carried out in the cutting eye. The material transportation device is installed in the winch chamber of the return air lane. One end of the wire rope of the material transport winch is fixed on the drum of the winch, and the other end of the wire rope is fixed on the base of the winch after passing through the movable pulley. The anchor chain is used to fix the material transport dry boat on the wire rope, and the winch is turned on to lower / up the dry boat.

7. A method for cutting holes at a high-angle downhill construction using a fully-mechanized tunneling machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, after the hydraulic temporary support device is installed on the multi-purpose excavator, square timber is installed on the upper surface of the hydraulic temporary support device.

8. The method for cutting holes at a high-angle downhill construction using a fully-mechanized tunneling machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the original oil filling port of the tunnel boring machine is sealed when digging downward, and the air inlet hole is changed into a structure with dual functions of oil filling and air intake.

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