Ventilation and smoke exhaust system and method for long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel ventilation, and discloses a ventilation and smoke exhaust system and method for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel. The system includes: a jet fan, a rail transit intermediate air shaft machine room, an intermediate air shaft mechanical fan, a rail transit fan room, a rail transit section mechanical fan, a highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan, a highway tunnel fan room, a rail transit piston air shaft, a rail transit mechanical air shaft, a highway tunnel exhaust tower, a highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, a highway tunnel special smoke exhaust port, a smoke exhaust control valve 1, a smoke exhaust control valve 2, an upward line intermediate air shaft mechanical air valve, a downward line intermediate air shaft mechanical air valve, a rail transit civil engineering air duct, and a rail transit section mechanical air valve. The present invention can take targeted smoke exhaust measures for fires occurring at different locations of a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel, ensure rapid exhaust of smoke, and reduce harm to passengers and rescue personnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel ventilation, and in particular to a ventilation and smoke exhaust system and method for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel. Background Art

[0002] When planning tunnel construction, due to the restrictions of surrounding existing buildings and land conditions, and considering the intensive use of land resources, overlapping line planning often occurs. The use of road-rail combined tunnels can realize the sharing of channel functions for transportation systems with different functions, thereby maximizing the intensive use of urban land resources and reducing damage to the ecological environment. At the same time, it can also shorten the construction period, effectively reduce the project cost, and bring huge social and economic benefits.

[0003] Highway tunnels and rail transit tunnels serve two different transportation systems. The ventilation direction in rail transit tunnels is uncertain, and piston air shafts cannot be combined with road tunnel supply and exhaust air shafts. The tunnel operation ventilation volume, fire scale and smoke exhaust volume are all different, and their equipment performance requirements, operating parameters and operating time are all different. How to select a ventilation method to effectively remove the smoke generated by the fire is a difficulty in long-distance transportation tunnels.

[0004] As long-distance underwater traffic tunnels are located underwater, it is impossible to set up air shafts in the water section. Therefore, the ventilation, smoke exhaust, escape and rescue systems and their design methods in the event of a fire are different from those in general urban traffic tunnels.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a ventilation and smoke exhaust system and method for long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnels, which can take targeted smoke exhaust measures for fires occurring in different locations, ensure the rapid exhaust of smoke, and reduce the harm to passengers and rescue personnel. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a ventilation and smoke exhaust system and method for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel, which can take targeted smoke exhaust measures for fires occurring in different locations, ensure the rapid exhaust of smoke, and reduce the harm to passengers and rescue personnel.

[0007] The present invention provides a ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel, comprising:

[0008] Jet fan, rail transit intermediate air shaft machine room, intermediate air shaft mechanical fan, rail transit fan room, rail transit section mechanical fan, highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan, highway tunnel fan room, rail transit piston air shaft, rail transit mechanical air shaft, highway tunnel exhaust tower, highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, highway tunnel special smoke exhaust port, smoke exhaust control valve 1, smoke exhaust control valve 2, mechanical air valve for the intermediate air shaft of the upward line, mechanical air valve for the intermediate air shaft of the downward line, rail transit civil engineering air duct and rail transit section mechanical air valve;

[0009] The intermediate air shaft mechanical fan is arranged in the rail transit intermediate air shaft machine room, and two intermediate air shaft mechanical fans are arranged in parallel in the rail transit intermediate air shaft machine room, one end of which is connected to the rail transit piston air shaft, and the other end is connected to the mechanical air valve of the intermediate air shaft of the upward line; one end of the other intermediate air shaft mechanical fan is connected to the rail transit piston air shaft, and the other end is connected to the mechanical air valve of the intermediate air shaft of the downward line;

[0010] The rail transit section mechanical fan is installed in the rail transit fan room. One end of the rail transit section mechanical fan is connected to the rail transit civil engineering air duct, and the other end is connected to the rail transit mechanical air shaft. The rail transit section mechanical air valve is installed on the rail transit civil engineering air duct, and the rail transit section mechanical air valve is a normally closed type.

[0011] The jet fan is installed in the open-cut section of the highway tunnel; the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan is installed in the highway tunnel fan room, the negative pressure end of the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan is connected to the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, and the positive pressure end of the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan is connected to the highway tunnel exhaust tower; highway tunnel special smoke exhaust outlets are installed on both sides of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, and the highway tunnel special smoke exhaust outlets are normally closed;

[0012] Smoke exhaust control valve 1 is arranged at both ends of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, and smoke exhaust control valve 2 is arranged at the top of the highway tunnel.

[0013] Furthermore, the rail transit fan room and the highway tunnel fan room are built together and separated by a fire wall.

[0014] Furthermore, the rail transit mechanical ventilation shaft and the highway tunnel exhaust tower are arranged at the same site, the highway tunnel exhaust tower is higher than the rail transit mechanical ventilation shaft, and the height difference is greater than or equal to 5m.

[0015] Furthermore, the rail transit civil construction air duct is arranged above the immersed tube section of the rail transit tunnel, the up-line civil construction air duct and the down-line civil construction air duct are connected at the rail transit section mechanical air valve, the up-line civil construction air duct and the down-line civil construction air duct share the rail transit civil construction air duct, and the rail transit section mechanical air valve is arranged at 1 / 3 of the rail transit section tunnel.

[0016] Furthermore, the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct is arranged above the middle corridor of the highway tunnel immersed tube section, and a normally closed highway tunnel special smoke exhaust outlet is arranged at a preset distance on both sides of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, and the highway tunnel special smoke exhaust outlet is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct.

[0017] The present invention also provides a ventilation and smoke exhaust method for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel, which is implemented based on the ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel described in any one of the above items, and includes the following steps:

[0018] When the highway-rail combined immersed tube tunnel is in normal operation and ventilation, the highway tunnel is ventilated through the jet fans in the open-cut section of the highway tunnel and the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fans in the highway tunnel fan room, using longitudinal ventilation and single shaft centralized exhaust ventilation; the immersed tube section of the rail transit tunnel adopts natural ventilation or longitudinal push-pull mechanical ventilation.

[0019] The present invention also provides a ventilation and smoke exhaust method for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel, which is implemented based on the ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel described in any one of the above items, and includes the following steps:

[0020] When a fire occurs on the left or right line of the immersed tube section of a highway tunnel, the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fans at both ends of the highway tunnel are turned on, the n highway tunnel dedicated smoke exhaust outlets at the fire point are opened, the smoke exhaust control valve 1 at both ends of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct is opened, and the smoke exhaust control valve 2 at the top of the highway-rail combined tunnel is closed, and the smoke in the tunnel is finally discharged through the highway tunnel exhaust tower.

[0021] The present invention also provides a ventilation and smoke exhaust method for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel, which is implemented based on the ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel described in any one of the above items, and includes the following steps:

[0022] When a fire occurs on the up or down line of the immersed section of a rail transit tunnel, the fire location is divided into three sections: the first section is the left end of the tunnel, the second section is the middle of the tunnel, and the third section is the right end of the tunnel;

[0023] When the fire occurs at the left end of the tunnel, that is, when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve of the middle air shaft of the up line and the mechanical air valve of the rail transit section at the left end of the tunnel, or when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve of the middle air shaft of the down line and the mechanical air valve of the rail transit section at the left end of the tunnel, the mechanical fan of the middle air shaft at the left end of the tunnel and the mechanical fan of the rail transit section at the left end of the tunnel are controlled to rotate forward or reverse according to the location of the train fire;

[0024] When the fire occurs in the middle of the tunnel, that is, when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valves of the rail transit sections at both ends of the tunnel, the mechanical fans of the rail transit sections at both ends are controlled to rotate forward or reverse according to the location of the train fire;

[0025] When the fire occurs at the right end of the tunnel, that is, when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve of the middle air shaft of the up line and the mechanical air valve of the rail transit section at the right end of the tunnel, or when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve of the middle air shaft of the down line and the mechanical air valve of the rail transit section at the right end of the tunnel, according to the location of the train fire, the mechanical fan of the middle air shaft at the right end of the tunnel and the mechanical fan of the rail transit section at the right end of the tunnel are controlled to rotate forward or reverse;

[0026] The smoke in the tunnel is eventually discharged through the rail transit piston air shaft or the rail transit mechanical air shaft.

[0027] The present invention has the following technical effects:

[0028] The present invention ensures air circulation and smoke removal in long-distance tunnels by adopting a variety of ventilation equipment such as jet fans, mechanical fans in intermediate air shafts, and mechanical fans in rail transit sections, as well as longitudinal ventilation and centralized exhaust in a single shaft; the fan room of a highway tunnel is built together with the fan room of a rail transit, and separated by a fire wall, which not only saves construction land but also improves the utilization efficiency of facilities. This design allows equipment with different functions to share space without interfering with each other; by setting up ventilation systems for highway tunnels and rail transit tunnels separately, the independent operation of the two is ensured. In this way, in the event of an emergency such as a fire, mutual interference between the two systems can be avoided, and smoke exhaust efficiency and safety can be improved; when a fire occurs in a highway tunnel or a rail transit tunnel, smoke can be quickly and effectively removed by opening a specific smoke exhaust fan, smoke exhaust port and control valve, especially for fires occurring in different locations, targeted smoke exhaust measures are taken to ensure the rapid exhaust of smoke and reduce the harm to passengers and rescue personnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of a ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2It is a layout cross-sectional view of a ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] In the figure:

[0033] 1-open-cut section of highway tunnel, 2-jet fan, 3-machine room of intermediate ventilation shaft of rail transit, 4-mechanical fan of intermediate ventilation shaft, 5-fan room of rail transit, 6-mechanical fan of rail transit section, 7-exhaust and smoke exhaust fan of highway tunnel, 8-fan room of highway tunnel, 9-piston ventilation shaft of rail transit, 10-mechanical ventilation shaft of rail transit, 11-exhaust tower of highway tunnel, 12-immersed tube section of highway tunnel, 13-smoke exhaust duct of highway tunnel, 14-special smoke exhaust port of highway tunnel, 15-smoke exhaust control valve 1, 16-smoke exhaust control valve 2, 17-corridor, 18-mechanical air valve of intermediate ventilation shaft of upward line, 19-mechanical air valve of intermediate ventilation shaft of downward line, 20-immersed tube section of rail transit tunnel, 21-civil engineering air duct of rail transit, 22-mechanical air valve of section of rail transit, 23-air duct mezzanine. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] The present invention proposes a ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of a ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the arrangement of a ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present invention, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 , specifically including:

[0036] Jet fan 2, rail transit intermediate air shaft machine room 3, intermediate air shaft mechanical fan 4, rail transit fan room 5, rail transit section mechanical fan 6, highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 7, highway tunnel fan room 8, rail transit piston air shaft 9, rail transit mechanical air shaft 10, highway tunnel exhaust tower 11, highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct 13, highway tunnel special smoke exhaust port 14, smoke exhaust control valve 1 15, smoke exhaust control valve 2 16, upward line intermediate air shaft mechanical air valve 18, downward line intermediate air shaft mechanical air valve 19, rail transit civil engineering air duct 21 and rail transit section mechanical air valve 22;

[0037] The intermediate air shaft mechanical fan 4 is arranged in the rail transit intermediate air shaft machine room 3, and two intermediate air shaft mechanical fans 4 are arranged in parallel in the rail transit intermediate air shaft machine room, one end of which is connected to the rail transit piston air shaft 9, and the other end is connected to the upward line intermediate air shaft mechanical air valve 18; one end of the other intermediate air shaft mechanical fan 4 is connected to the rail transit piston air shaft 9, and the other end is connected to the downward line intermediate air shaft mechanical air valve 19;

[0038] The rail transit section mechanical fan 6 is arranged in the rail transit fan room 5, one end of the rail transit section mechanical fan 6 is connected to the rail transit civil engineering air duct 21, and the other end is connected to the rail transit mechanical air shaft 10; the rail transit section mechanical air valve 22 is arranged on the rail transit civil engineering air duct 21, and the rail transit section mechanical air valve 22 is a normally closed type;

[0039] The jet fan 2 is arranged in the open-cut section 1 of the highway tunnel; the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 7 is arranged in the highway tunnel fan room 8, the negative pressure end of the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 7 is connected to the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct 13, and the positive pressure end of the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 7 is connected to the highway tunnel exhaust tower 11; the highway tunnel special smoke exhaust outlets 14 are arranged on both sides of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct 13, and the highway tunnel special smoke exhaust outlets 14 are normally closed;

[0040] Smoke exhaust control valves 15 are provided at both ends of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct 13, and smoke exhaust control valves 16 are provided at the top of the highway tunnel.

[0041] Furthermore, the rail transit fan room 5 and the highway tunnel fan room 8 are built together and separated by a firewall, which can effectively solve the construction problems of highway and rail transit ventilation rooms, integrate resources, and save land.

[0042] Furthermore, the rail transit machinery ventilation shaft 10 and the highway tunnel exhaust tower 11 are arranged at the same site, and the highway tunnel exhaust tower 11 is higher than the rail transit machinery ventilation shaft 10, and the height difference is greater than or equal to 5m.

[0043] Specifically, since the highway tunnel exhaust tower 11 is higher than the rail transit mechanical air shaft 10, such a height difference helps to form a natural upward trend of airflow. In emergency situations such as fires, high-temperature smoke tends to flow upward, so a higher exhaust tower can more effectively exhaust smoke and prevent smoke from flowing back into the tunnel, thereby improving smoke exhaust efficiency and safety. In addition, the height difference can also reduce air cross-contamination between highway tunnels and rail transit tunnels. A higher exhaust tower can discharge exhaust gas from the highway tunnel to a higher altitude, reducing the impact on the rail transit tunnel.

[0044] Furthermore, the rail transit civil engineering air duct 21 is arranged above the immersed tube section 20 of the rail transit tunnel, the up-line civil engineering air duct and the down-line civil engineering air duct are connected at the rail transit section mechanical air valve 22, the up-line civil engineering air duct and the down-line civil engineering air duct share the rail transit civil engineering air duct 21, and the rail transit section mechanical air valve 22 is arranged at 1 / 3 of the rail transit section tunnel.

[0045] Specifically, the rail transit section mechanical air valve 22 is set at 1 / 3 of the rail transit section tunnel, thereby dividing the entire tunnel section into three sections, and the three sections are distributed as evenly as possible, and different ventilation and smoke exhaust operations are performed on fires occurring at different positions in the three sections.

[0046] Furthermore, the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct 13 is arranged above the middle corridor 17 of the highway tunnel immersed tube section 12, and a normally closed highway tunnel dedicated smoke exhaust port 14 is arranged at a preset distance on both sides of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct 13, and the highway tunnel dedicated smoke exhaust port 14 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct 13.

[0047] Specifically, the preset distance can be 60~120m. Preferably, a normally closed highway tunnel dedicated smoke exhaust outlet 14 is set at an interval of 60m on both sides of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct 13, and is symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct 13. The highway tunnel dedicated smoke exhaust outlet 14 on the side where the fire occurs is opened, and every 4~6 smoke exhaust outlets form a group.

[0048] Preferably, three highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fans 7 can be connected in parallel and arranged in a highway tunnel fan room 8 .

[0049] Preferably, two rail transit section mechanical fans 6 can be connected in parallel and arranged in the rail transit fan room 5. The forward rotation direction of the rail transit section mechanical fan 6 is the exhaust direction from the tunnel, and the ventilation and smoke exhaust functions of normal working conditions and fire working conditions are realized through the conversion of the rail transit section mechanical air valve 22.

[0050] In some embodiments, the ventilation function of accident conditions can also be achieved by switching the mechanical air valve 22 in the rail transit section; the accident conditions may include train failure, derailment, emergency stop caused by non-fire, etc.

[0051] The present invention ensures air circulation and smoke removal in long-distance tunnels by adopting a variety of ventilation equipment such as jet fans, mechanical fans in intermediate air shafts, and mechanical fans in rail transit sections, as well as longitudinal ventilation and centralized exhaust in a single shaft; the fan room of a highway tunnel is built together with the fan room of a rail transit, and separated by a fire wall, which not only saves construction land but also improves the utilization efficiency of facilities. This design allows equipment with different functions to share space without interfering with each other; by setting up ventilation systems for highway tunnels and rail transit tunnels separately, the independent operation of the two is ensured. In this way, in the event of an emergency such as a fire, mutual interference between the two systems can be avoided, and smoke exhaust efficiency and safety can be improved; when a fire occurs in a highway tunnel or a rail transit tunnel, smoke can be quickly and effectively removed by opening a specific smoke exhaust fan, smoke exhaust port and control valve, especially for fires occurring in different locations, targeted smoke exhaust measures are taken to ensure the rapid exhaust of smoke and reduce the harm to passengers and rescue personnel.

[0052] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a ventilation and smoke exhaust method for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel, which is implemented based on the ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel described in the above embodiment, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0053] When the highway-rail combined immersed tube tunnel is in normal operation and ventilation, the highway tunnel is ventilated by means of longitudinal ventilation and single shaft centralized exhaust ventilation through the jet fan 2 in the open-cut section 1 of the highway tunnel and the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 7 in the highway tunnel fan room 8; the immersed tube section of the rail transit tunnel adopts natural ventilation or longitudinal push-pull mechanical ventilation.

[0054] Specifically, the natural ventilation method is to use the piston air shaft in the middle air shaft for unpowered ventilation, and the push-pull mechanical ventilation method is to use the mechanical fans in the middle air shafts at both ends of the tunnel for longitudinal ventilation.

[0055] When a fire occurs on the left or right line of the immersed tube section of a highway tunnel, the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fans 7 at both ends of the highway tunnel are turned on, the n highway tunnel dedicated smoke exhaust ports 14 at the fire point are turned on, the smoke exhaust control valve 1 15 at both ends of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct 13 is turned on, and the smoke exhaust control valve 2 16 at the top of the highway-rail combined tunnel is closed, and the smoke in the tunnel is finally discharged through the highway tunnel exhaust tower 11.

[0056] Specifically, n can be set according to actual conditions. For example, it can be set to open 6 dedicated smoke exhaust outlets 14 of highway tunnels near the fire point.

[0057] When a fire occurs on the up or down line of the immersed section of a rail transit tunnel, the fire location is divided into three sections: the first section is the left end of the tunnel, the second section is the middle of the tunnel, and the third section is the right end of the tunnel;

[0058] When the fire occurs at the left end of the tunnel, that is, when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve 18 of the middle air shaft of the up line and the mechanical air valve 22 of the rail transit section at the left end of the tunnel, or when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve 19 of the middle air shaft of the down line and the mechanical air valve 22 of the rail transit section at the left end of the tunnel, the mechanical fan 4 of the middle air shaft at the left end of the tunnel and the mechanical fan 6 of the rail transit section at the left end of the tunnel are controlled to rotate forward or reverse according to the location of the train fire;

[0059] When the fire occurs at the right end of the tunnel, that is, when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve 18 of the middle air shaft of the up line and the mechanical air valve 22 of the rail transit section at the right end of the tunnel, or when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve 19 of the middle air shaft of the down line and the mechanical air valve 22 of the rail transit section at the right end of the tunnel, the mechanical fan 4 of the middle air shaft at the right end of the tunnel and the mechanical fan 6 of the rail transit section at the right end of the tunnel are controlled to rotate forward or reverse according to the location of the train fire;

[0060] When the fire occurs in the middle of the tunnel, that is, when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valves 22 of the rail transit section at both ends of the tunnel, the mechanical fans 6 of the rail transit section at both ends are controlled to rotate forward or reverse according to the location of the train fire;

[0061] The smoke in the tunnel is finally discharged through the rail transit piston air shaft 9 or the rail transit mechanical air shaft 10.

[0062] Furthermore, when a fire occurs on any line, the remaining traffic tunnels should be closed through communication coordination and linkage based on the fire situation on site.

[0063] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the fire prevention design of the combined road and rail tunnel should be based on the assumption that one fire occurs at the same time.

[0064] It should be noted that the terms used in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments, rather than limiting the scope of the present application. As shown in the present specification, unless the context clearly indicates an exception, the words "one", "a", "a kind of" and / or "the" do not specifically refer to the singular, but may also include the plural. The terms "include", "comprise" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method or device. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "include one..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method or device including the elements.

[0065] It should also be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection between the two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system of a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel is characterized by: include: Jet fan, rail transit intermediate air shaft machine room, intermediate air shaft mechanical fan, rail transit fan room, rail transit section mechanical fan, highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan, highway tunnel fan room, rail transit piston air shaft, rail transit mechanical air shaft, highway tunnel exhaust tower, highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, highway tunnel special smoke exhaust port, smoke exhaust control valve 1, smoke exhaust control valve 2, mechanical air valve for the intermediate air shaft of the upward line, mechanical air valve for the intermediate air shaft of the downward line, rail transit civil engineering air duct and rail transit section mechanical air valve; The intermediate air shaft mechanical fan is arranged in the intermediate air shaft machine room of the rail transit, and two intermediate air shaft mechanical fans are arranged in parallel in the intermediate air shaft machine room of the rail transit, one end of one intermediate air shaft mechanical fan is connected to the rail transit piston air shaft, and the other end is connected to the mechanical air valve of the intermediate air shaft of the upward line; one end of the other intermediate air shaft mechanical fan is connected to the rail transit piston air shaft, and the other end is connected to the mechanical air valve of the intermediate air shaft of the downward line; The rail transit section mechanical fan is arranged in the rail transit fan room, one end of the rail transit section mechanical fan is connected to the rail transit civil engineering air duct, and the other end is connected to the rail transit mechanical air shaft; a rail transit section mechanical air valve is arranged on the rail transit civil engineering air duct, and the rail transit section mechanical air valve is a normally closed type; The jet fan is arranged in the open-cut section of the highway tunnel; the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan is arranged in the highway tunnel fan room, the negative pressure end of the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan is connected to the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, and the positive pressure end of the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan is connected to the highway tunnel exhaust tower; highway tunnel special smoke exhaust ports are arranged on both sides of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, and the highway tunnel special smoke exhaust ports are normally closed; Smoke exhaust control valve 1 is arranged at both ends of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, and smoke exhaust control valve 2 is arranged at the top of the highway tunnel.

2. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rail transit fan room and the highway tunnel fan room are built together and separated by a fire wall.

3. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rail transit mechanical ventilation shaft is arranged at the same site as the highway tunnel exhaust tower. The highway tunnel exhaust tower is higher than the rail transit mechanical ventilation shaft, and the height difference is greater than or equal to 5m.

4. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rail transit civil engineering air duct is arranged above the immersed tube section of the rail transit tunnel, the up-line civil engineering air duct and the down-line civil engineering air duct are connected at the rail transit section mechanical air valve, the up-line civil engineering air duct and the down-line civil engineering air duct share the rail transit civil engineering air duct, and the rail transit section mechanical air valve is arranged at 1 / 3 of the rail transit section tunnel.

5. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct is arranged above the middle corridor of the highway tunnel immersed tube section, and a normally closed highway tunnel special smoke exhaust port is arranged at a preset distance on both sides of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, and the highway tunnel special smoke exhaust ports are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct.

6. A ventilation and smoke exhaust method for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel, which is implemented based on the ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: When the highway-rail combined immersed tube tunnel is in normal operation and ventilation, the highway tunnel is ventilated by means of longitudinal ventilation and single shaft centralized exhaust ventilation through jet fans in the open-cut section of the highway tunnel and highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fans in the fan room of the highway tunnel; the immersed tube section of the rail transit tunnel adopts natural ventilation or longitudinal push-pull mechanical ventilation.

7. A ventilation and smoke exhaust method for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel, which is implemented based on the ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: When a fire occurs on the left or right line of the immersed tube section of the highway tunnel, the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fans at both ends of the highway tunnel are turned on, the n groups of highway tunnel special smoke exhaust ports at the fire point are opened, the smoke exhaust control valve 1 at both ends of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct is opened, and the smoke exhaust control valve 2 at the top of the highway-rail combined tunnel is closed, and the smoke in the tunnel is finally discharged through the highway tunnel exhaust tower.

8. A ventilation and smoke exhaust method for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel, which is implemented based on the ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined immersed tube tunnel as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: When a fire occurs in the upline or downline of the immersed tube section of the rail transit tunnel, the fire location is divided into three sections: the first section is the left end of the tunnel, the second section is the middle of the tunnel, and the third section is the right end of the tunnel; When the fire occurs at the left end of the tunnel, that is, when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve of the middle air shaft of the up line and the mechanical air valve of the rail transit section at the left end of the tunnel, or when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve of the middle air shaft of the down line and the mechanical air valve of the rail transit section at the left end of the tunnel, the mechanical fan of the middle air shaft at the left end of the tunnel and the mechanical fan of the rail transit section at the left end of the tunnel are controlled to rotate forward or reverse according to the location of the train fire; When the fire occurs in the middle of the tunnel, that is, when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valves of the rail transit sections at both ends of the tunnel, the mechanical fans of the rail transit sections at both ends are controlled to rotate forward or reverse according to the location of the train fire; When the fire occurs at the right end of the tunnel, that is, when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve of the middle air shaft of the up line and the mechanical air valve of the rail transit section at the right end of the tunnel, or when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve of the middle air shaft of the down line and the mechanical air valve of the rail transit section at the right end of the tunnel, according to the location of the train fire, the mechanical fan of the middle air shaft at the right end of the tunnel and the mechanical fan of the rail transit section at the right end of the tunnel are controlled to rotate forward or reverse; The smoke in the tunnel is eventually discharged through the rail transit piston air shaft or the rail transit mechanical air shaft.

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