Ventilation and smoke exhaust system and method for long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering, and discloses a ventilation and smoke exhaust system and method for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel, including: a jet fan, a rail transit intermediate air shaft machine room, an intermediate air shaft mechanical fan, a rail transit fan room, a rail transit interval mechanical fan, a highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan, a highway tunnel fan room, a highway tunnel centralized exhaust / smoke exhaust valve, a highway tunnel smoke exhaust control valve, a rail transit piston air shaft, a rail transit mechanical air shaft, a highway tunnel exhaust tower, a rail transit smoke exhaust duct, a highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, a highway tunnel dedicated smoke exhaust port, a highway tunnel centralized smoke exhaust valve, an upward line intermediate air shaft mechanical air valve, a downward line intermediate air shaft mechanical air valve, a rail transit smoke exhaust duct, a highway tunnel exhaust duct and a rail transit interval mechanical air valve. The present invention can take targeted smoke exhaust measures for fires occurring at different positions in a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel, and ensure the rapid discharge of smoke.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering, and in particular to a ventilation and smoke exhaust system and method for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel. Background Art

[0002] When planning tunnel construction, due to the restrictions of surrounding existing buildings and land conditions, and considering the intensive use of land resources, overlapping line planning often occurs. The use of road-rail combined tunnels can realize the sharing of channel functions for transportation systems with different functions, thereby maximizing the intensive use of urban land resources and reducing damage to the ecological environment. At the same time, it can also shorten the construction period, effectively reduce the project cost, and bring huge social and economic benefits.

[0003] Highway tunnels and rail transit tunnels serve two different transportation systems. The ventilation direction in rail transit tunnels is uncertain, and piston air shafts cannot be combined with road tunnel supply and exhaust air shafts. The tunnel operation ventilation volume, fire scale and smoke exhaust volume are all different, and their equipment performance requirements, operating parameters and operating time are all different. How to select a ventilation method to effectively remove the smoke generated by the fire is a difficulty in long-distance transportation tunnels.

[0004] Since long-distance underwater traffic tunnels are located underwater, it is impossible to set up air shafts in the water section. The ventilation, smoke exhaust and escape and rescue systems in the event of a fire and their design methods are different from those of general urban traffic tunnels.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a ventilation and smoke exhaust system and method for long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnels, which can take targeted smoke exhaust measures for fires occurring in different locations, ensure the rapid exhaust of smoke, and reduce the harm to passengers and rescue personnel. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a ventilation and smoke exhaust system and method for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel, which can take targeted smoke exhaust measures for fires occurring in different locations, ensure the rapid exhaust of smoke, and reduce the harm to passengers and rescue personnel.

[0007] The present invention provides a ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel, comprising:

[0008] Jet fans, rail transit intermediate air shaft machine room, intermediate air shaft mechanical fans, rail transit fan room, rail transit section mechanical fans, highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fans, highway tunnel fan room, highway tunnel centralized exhaust / smoke exhaust valve, highway tunnel smoke exhaust control valve, rail transit piston air shaft, rail transit mechanical air shaft, highway tunnel exhaust tower, rail transit smoke exhaust duct, highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, highway tunnel dedicated smoke exhaust port, highway tunnel centralized smoke exhaust valve, upward line intermediate air shaft mechanical air valve, downward line intermediate air shaft mechanical air valve, rail transit section tunnel, rail transit smoke exhaust duct, highway tunnel exhaust duct and rail transit section mechanical air valve;

[0009] The intermediate ventilation shaft mechanical fan is arranged in the intermediate ventilation shaft machine room of the rail transit, and two intermediate ventilation shaft mechanical fans are arranged in parallel in the intermediate ventilation shaft machine room of the rail transit, one end of one intermediate ventilation shaft mechanical fan is connected to the rail transit piston ventilation shaft, and the other end is connected to the mechanical air valve of the intermediate ventilation shaft of the upward line; one end of the other intermediate ventilation shaft mechanical fan is connected to the rail transit piston ventilation shaft, and the other end is connected to the mechanical air valve of the intermediate ventilation shaft of the downward line; the intermediate ventilation shaft machine room of the rail transit is arranged outside the shield working shaft at both ends of the tunnel;

[0010] The rail transit section mechanical fan is arranged in the rail transit fan room, one end of the rail transit section mechanical fan is connected to the rail transit exhaust duct at the lower layer of the highway tunnel shield section through the rail transit exhaust duct in the shield working shaft, and the other end is connected to the rail transit mechanical air shaft; the rail transit exhaust duct is arranged on the right side of the rail transit section tunnel in the driving direction, and a rail transit section mechanical air valve is arranged at 1 / 3 of the rail transit section tunnel, and the rail transit section mechanical air valve is a normally closed type;

[0011] The jet fan is arranged in the open-cut section of the highway tunnel; the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan is arranged in the highway tunnel fan room, the negative pressure end of the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan is connected to the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, and the positive pressure end of the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan is connected to the highway tunnel exhaust tower; a highway tunnel dedicated smoke exhaust port is arranged at a first preset distance on the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, and the highway tunnel dedicated smoke exhaust port is a normally closed type;

[0012] Highway tunnel smoke exhaust control valves are arranged at both ends of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, and a centralized exhaust / smoke exhaust valve is arranged at the highway tunnel exhaust duct at the top of the highway tunnel shield shaft carriageway.

[0013] Furthermore, the rail transit fan room and the highway tunnel fan room are built together and separated by a fire wall.

[0014] Furthermore, the rail transit mechanical ventilation shaft and the highway tunnel exhaust tower are arranged at the same site, the highway tunnel exhaust tower is higher than the rail transit mechanical ventilation shaft, and the height difference is greater than or equal to 5m.

[0015] Furthermore, the long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel adopts a double-tube upper and lower stacking design, the upper layer is the roadway and the road tunnel smoke exhaust duct, the lower layer is the rail transit and the rail transit smoke exhaust duct, pipeline corridor and evacuation channel, and the evacuation channel is arranged on the left side of the rail transit section tunnel driving direction;

[0016] The evacuation passage also includes a transverse communication passage, an evacuation staircase and an evacuation platform.

[0017] Furthermore, a transverse connecting channel is arranged on the road carriageway layer between the two tubes of the shield section of the highway tunnel, an evacuation staircase for downward evacuation is arranged on the road carriageway layer at every second preset distance, and an evacuation opening is arranged on the side wall of the evacuation platform of the rail transit layer at every third preset distance, the evacuation opening is laterally connected to the evacuation channel, the highway and rail transit share the evacuation channel, and the evacuation staircase is upwardly connected to the road tunnel driving layer.

[0018] The present invention also provides a ventilation and smoke exhaust method for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel, which is implemented based on the ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel described in any one of the above items, and includes the following steps:

[0019] When the highway-rail combined shield tunnel is in normal operation and ventilation, the highway tunnel is ventilated by means of longitudinal ventilation and single shaft centralized exhaust ventilation through jet fans in the open-cut section of the highway tunnel and highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fans in the highway tunnel fan room; the rail transit tunnel adopts natural ventilation or longitudinal push-pull mechanical ventilation.

[0020] The present invention also provides a ventilation and smoke exhaust method for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel, which is implemented based on the ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel described in any one of the above items, and includes the following steps:

[0021] When a fire occurs on the left or right line of the highway tunnel shield section 15, the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fans at both ends of the highway tunnel are turned on, the n highway tunnel dedicated smoke exhaust ports at the fire point are turned on, the highway tunnel smoke exhaust control valves at both ends of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct are turned on, and the centralized exhaust / smoke exhaust valve at the exhaust duct at the top of the highway tunnel is closed, and the smoke in the tunnel is finally discharged through the highway tunnel exhaust tower. The present invention also provides a ventilation and smoke exhaust method for a long-distance underwater highway-rail combined shield tunnel, which is implemented based on the ventilation and smoke exhaust system of the long-distance underwater highway-rail combined shield tunnel described in any of the above items, and includes the following steps:

[0022] When a fire occurs on the up or down line of a rail transit tunnel, the fire location is divided into three sections: the first section is the left end of the tunnel, the second section is the middle of the tunnel, and the third section is the right end of the tunnel;

[0023] When the fire occurs at the left end of the tunnel, that is, when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve of the middle air shaft of the left up line and the mechanical air valve of the left rail transit section, or when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve of the middle air shaft of the left down line and the mechanical air valve of the left rail transit section, the mechanical fan of the left middle air shaft and the mechanical fan of the left rail transit section are controlled to rotate forward or reverse according to the location of the train fire;

[0024] When the fire occurs in the middle of the tunnel, that is, when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve in the left rail transit section and the mechanical air valve in the right rail transit section, the mechanical fan in the left rail transit section or the mechanical fan in the right rail transit section is controlled to rotate forward or reverse according to the location of the train fire;

[0025] When the fire occurs at the right end of the tunnel, that is, when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve of the middle air shaft of the right up line and the mechanical air valve of the right rail transit section, or when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve of the middle air shaft of the right down line and the mechanical air valve of the right rail transit section, the mechanical fan of the middle air shaft on the right and the mechanical fan of the right rail transit section are controlled to rotate forward or reverse according to the location of the train fire;

[0026] The smoke in the tunnel is finally discharged through the rail transit piston air shaft at both ends or the rail transit mechanical air shaft at both ends.

[0027] The present invention has the following technical effects:

[0028] The present invention ensures air circulation and smoke removal in long-distance tunnels by adopting a variety of ventilation equipment such as jet fans, mechanical fans in intermediate air shafts, and mechanical fans in rail transit sections, as well as longitudinal ventilation and centralized exhaust in a single shaft; the fan room of a highway tunnel is built together with the fan room of a rail transit, and separated by a fire wall, which not only saves construction land but also improves the utilization efficiency of facilities. This design allows equipment with different functions to share space without interfering with each other; by setting up ventilation systems for highway tunnels and rail transit tunnels separately, the independent operation of the two is ensured. In this way, in the event of an emergency such as a fire, mutual interference between the two systems can be avoided, and smoke exhaust efficiency and safety can be improved; when a fire occurs in a highway tunnel or a rail transit tunnel, smoke can be quickly and effectively removed by opening a specific smoke exhaust fan, smoke exhaust port and control valve, especially for fires occurring in different locations, targeted smoke exhaust measures are taken to ensure the rapid exhaust of smoke and reduce the harm to passengers and rescue personnel.

[0029] In addition, based on the structure of the shield tunnel, the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct is set at the top of the shield tunnel, and the highway tunnel special smoke exhaust port is set on the smoke duct plate of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, which can make full use of the arched space above the tunnel and avoid occupying the driving space or expanding the tunnel cross-section. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a layout cross-sectional view of a ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] In the figure:

[0034] 1-open cut section of highway tunnel, 2-jet fan, 3-machine room of middle ventilation shaft of rail transit on the left, 4-mechanical fan of middle ventilation shaft on the left, 5-fan room of rail transit on the left, 6-mechanical fan of rail transit section on the left, 7-exhaust and smoke exhaust fan of highway tunnel on the left, 8-fan room of highway tunnel on the left, 9-central exhaust / smoke exhaust valve of highway tunnel, 10-smoke exhaust control valve of highway tunnel on the left, 11-piston ventilation shaft of rail transit on the left, 12-mechanical fan of rail transit on the left Well, 13-exhaust tower of highway tunnel at left end, 14-exhaust duct of rail transit at left end, 15-shield section of highway tunnel, 16-exhaust duct of highway tunnel, 17-exhaust outlet of highway tunnel, 18-centralized exhaust valve of highway tunnel, 19-cable gallery, 20-mechanical air valve of middle air well of up line at left end, 21-mechanical air valve of middle air well of down line at left end, 22-rail transit section tunnel, 23-exhaust duct of rail transit at left end, 24-exhaust duct of highway tunnel at left end , 25-Mechanical air valve of the left rail transit section, 26-Horizontal communication channel, 27-Evacuation stairs, 28-Evacuation channel, 29-Evacuation platform, 30-Pipeline corridor, 103-Right rail transit middle air shaft machine room, 104-Right middle air shaft mechanical fan, 105-Right rail transit section fan room, 106-Right rail transit section mechanical fan, 107-Right highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan, 108-Right highway tunnel fan room , 110-right end highway tunnel smoke exhaust control valve, 111-right end rail transit piston air shaft, 112-right end rail transit mechanical air shaft, 113-right end highway tunnel exhaust tower, 114-right end rail transit smoke exhaust duct, 120-right end up line middle air shaft mechanical air valve, 121-right end down line middle air shaft mechanical air valve, 123-right end rail transit smoke exhaust duct, 124-right end highway tunnel exhaust duct, 125-right end rail transit section mechanical air valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] The present invention proposes a ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of a ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the ventilation and smoke exhaust system of a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present invention, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 , specifically including:

[0037] Open-cut section of highway tunnel 1, jet fan 2, machine room of middle ventilation shaft of rail transit at left end 3, mechanical fan of middle ventilation shaft of left end 4, fan room of rail transit at left end 5, mechanical fan of rail transit section at left end 6, exhaust and smoke exhaust fan of highway tunnel at left end 7, fan room of highway tunnel at left end 8, centralized exhaust / smoke exhaust valve of highway tunnel 9, smoke exhaust control valve of highway tunnel at left end 10, piston ventilation shaft of rail transit at left end 11, mechanical ventilation shaft of rail transit at left end 12, exhaust tower of highway tunnel at left end 13, smoke exhaust duct of rail transit at left end 14, shield section of highway tunnel 15, smoke exhaust duct of highway tunnel 16, special smoke exhaust port of highway tunnel 17, centralized smoke exhaust valve of highway tunnel 18, cable corridor 19, mechanical air valve of middle ventilation shaft of upward line at left end 20, mechanical air valve of middle ventilation shaft of downward line at left end 21, section tunnel of rail transit 22, smoke exhaust duct of rail transit at left end 23, exhaust duct of highway tunnel at left end 24 , mechanical air valve 25 of the left rail transit section, horizontal communication channel 26, evacuation stairs 27, evacuation channel 28, evacuation platform 29, pipeline corridor 30, machine room 103 of the middle air shaft of the right rail transit, mechanical fan 104 of the middle air shaft of the right end, fan room 105 of the right rail transit section, mechanical fan 106 of the right rail transit section, exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 107 of the right highway tunnel, fan room 108 of the right highway tunnel, smoke exhaust control valve 110 of the right highway tunnel, piston air shaft 111 of the right rail transit, mechanical air shaft 112 of the right rail transit, exhaust tower 113 of the right highway tunnel, exhaust duct 114 of the right rail transit, mechanical air valve 120 of the middle air shaft of the right up line, mechanical air valve 121 of the middle air shaft of the right down line, smoke exhaust duct 123 of the right rail transit, exhaust duct 124 of the right highway tunnel, mechanical air valve 125 of the right rail transit section;

[0038] The left-end middle air shaft mechanical fan 4 is arranged in the left-end rail transit middle air shaft machine room 3, and two left-end middle air shaft mechanical fans 4 are arranged in parallel in the rail transit middle air shaft machine room, one end of one left-end middle air shaft mechanical fan 4 is connected to the left-end rail transit piston air shaft 11, and the other end is connected to the left-end up-line middle air shaft mechanical air valve 20; one end of the other left-end middle air shaft mechanical fan 4 is connected to the left-end rail transit piston air shaft 11, and the other end is connected to the left-end down-line middle air shaft mechanical air valve 21; the left-end rail transit middle air shaft machine room 3 is arranged outside the shield working shaft at the left end of the tunnel, and can be combined with the station or set up separately to serve the normal operation of the section tunnel, accident ventilation and fire smoke exhaust;

[0039] The left rail transit section mechanical fan 6 is arranged in the left rail transit fan room 5, one end of the left rail transit section mechanical fan 6 is connected to the left rail transit exhaust duct 14 at the lower layer of the highway tunnel shield section 15 through the left rail transit exhaust duct 23 in the shield working shaft, and the other end is connected to the left rail transit mechanical air shaft 12; the rail transit exhaust duct is arranged on the right side of the rail transit section tunnel 22 in the driving direction, and a left rail transit section mechanical air valve 25 is arranged at 1 / 3 of the rail transit section tunnel 22, and the left rail transit section mechanical air valve 25 is a normally closed type;

[0040] The jet fan 2 is arranged in the open-cut section 1 of the highway tunnel; the left-end highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 7 is arranged in the left-end highway tunnel fan room 8, the negative pressure end of the left-end highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 7 is connected to the highway tunnel exhaust duct 16, and the positive pressure end of the left-end highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 7 is connected to the left-end highway tunnel exhaust tower 13; a highway tunnel dedicated smoke exhaust port 17 is arranged at every first preset distance on the highway tunnel exhaust duct 16, and the highway tunnel dedicated smoke exhaust port 17 is a normally closed type;

[0041] A left-end highway tunnel smoke exhaust control valve 10 is provided at the left end of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct 16, and a highway tunnel centralized exhaust / smoke exhaust valve 9 is provided at the left-end highway tunnel exhaust duct 24 at the top of the highway tunnel shield shaft carriageway.

[0042] Furthermore, the right end of the tunnel is configured similarly to the left end of the tunnel.

[0043] Furthermore, the cable corridor 19 is arranged between two pipes of the open cut section 1 of the highway tunnel.

[0044] Specifically, the mechanical air valve of the rail transit section is set at 1 / 3 of the rail transit section tunnel, so as to divide the entire tunnel section into three sections. The three sections are distributed as evenly as possible, and different ventilation and smoke exhaust operations are performed for fires occurring in different positions in the three sections.

[0045] Specifically, the first preset distance may be 60-120 m, which is set according to actual conditions, and preferably, may be 60 m.

[0046] Furthermore, the rail transit fan room and the highway tunnel fan room are built together and separated by fire walls, which can effectively solve the construction problems of highway and rail transit ventilation rooms, integrate resources and save land.

[0047] Furthermore, the rail transit mechanical ventilation shaft and the highway tunnel exhaust tower are arranged at the same site, the highway tunnel exhaust tower is higher than the rail transit mechanical ventilation shaft, and the height difference is greater than or equal to 5m.

[0048] Specifically, since the road tunnel exhaust tower is higher than the rail transit mechanical wind shaft, such a height difference helps to form a natural upward trend of airflow. In emergency situations such as fires, high-temperature smoke tends to flow upward, so a higher exhaust tower can more effectively exhaust smoke and prevent smoke from flowing back into the tunnel, thereby improving smoke exhaust efficiency and safety. In addition, the height difference can also reduce air cross-contamination between road tunnels and rail transit tunnels. A higher exhaust tower can discharge the exhaust gas from the road tunnel to a higher altitude, reducing the impact on the rail transit tunnel.

[0049] Preferably, three left-end highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fans 7 can be connected in parallel and arranged in the left-end highway tunnel fan room 8.

[0050] Preferably, two left-end rail transit section mechanical fans 6 can be connected in parallel and arranged in the left-end rail transit fan room 5. The forward rotation direction of the left-end rail transit section mechanical fan 6 is the exhaust direction from the tunnel, and the normal operating condition and fire operating condition functions can be realized through the conversion of the air valve.

[0051] In some embodiments, the ventilation and smoke exhaust functions of accident conditions can also be realized by switching the mechanical air valve 25 in the rail transit section; the accident conditions may include train failure, derailment, emergency stop caused by non-fire, etc.

[0052] Furthermore, the long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel adopts a double-tube upper and lower stacked design, the upper layer is the highway carriageway and the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct 16, the lower layer is the rail transit and the rail transit smoke exhaust duct, pipeline corridor 30 and evacuation channel 28, and the evacuation channel 28 is arranged on the left side of the rail transit section tunnel 22 in the driving direction; the evacuation channel 28 also includes a horizontal connecting channel 26, an evacuation staircase 27 and an evacuation platform 29.

[0053] Furthermore, a transverse connecting passage 26 is provided on the road carriageway layer between the two tubes of the highway tunnel shield section 15, and an evacuation staircase 27 for downward evacuation is provided on the road carriageway layer at every second preset distance. The evacuation staircase 27 can be used to enter the evacuation passage 28 for longitudinal evacuation. An evacuation opening is provided on the side wall of the evacuation platform 29 of the rail transit layer at every third preset distance. The evacuation opening is transversely connected to the evacuation passage for longitudinal evacuation. The highway and rail transit share the evacuation passage 28, and the evacuation staircase 27 is upwardly connected to the road tunnel driving layer.

[0054] Exemplarily, the second preset distance may be 80 m, and the third preset distance may be 150 m, which are set according to actual conditions.

[0055] The setting of escape passages effectively solved the rescue and evacuation problem of long-distance underwater road-rail combined tunnels.

[0056] The present invention ensures air circulation and smoke removal in long-distance tunnels by adopting a variety of ventilation equipment such as jet fans, mechanical fans in intermediate air shafts, and mechanical fans in rail transit sections, as well as longitudinal ventilation and centralized exhaust in a single shaft; the fan room of a highway tunnel is built together with the fan room of a rail transit, and separated by a fire wall, which not only saves construction land but also improves the utilization efficiency of facilities. This design allows equipment with different functions to share space without interfering with each other; by setting up ventilation systems for highway tunnels and rail transit tunnels separately, the independent operation of the two is ensured. In this way, in the event of an emergency such as a fire, mutual interference between the two systems can be avoided, and smoke exhaust efficiency and safety can be improved; when a fire occurs in a highway tunnel or a rail transit tunnel, smoke can be quickly and effectively removed by opening a specific smoke exhaust fan, smoke exhaust port and control valve, especially for fires occurring in different locations, targeted smoke exhaust measures are taken to ensure the rapid exhaust of smoke and reduce the harm to passengers and rescue personnel.

[0057] In addition, based on the structure of the shield tunnel, the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct is set at the top of the shield tunnel, and the highway tunnel special smoke exhaust port is set on the smoke duct plate of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, which can make full use of the arched space above the tunnel and avoid occupying the driving space or expanding the tunnel cross-section.

[0058] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a ventilation and smoke exhaust method for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel, which is implemented based on the ventilation and smoke exhaust system for the long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel described in the above embodiment, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0059] When the highway-rail combined shield tunnel is in normal operation and ventilation, the highway tunnel is ventilated by means of longitudinal ventilation and single vertical shaft centralized exhaust ventilation through the jet fan 2 in the open-cut section 1 of the highway tunnel and the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan (the left end highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 7 or the right end highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 107) in the highway tunnel fan room (the left end highway tunnel fan room 8 or the right end highway tunnel fan room 108); the rail transit tunnel adopts natural ventilation or longitudinal push-pull mechanical ventilation.

[0060] Specifically, the natural ventilation method is to use the piston air shaft of the middle air shaft for unpowered ventilation, and the push-pull mechanical ventilation method is to use the mechanical fan in the middle air shaft for longitudinal ventilation.

[0061] When a fire occurs on the left or right line of the shield section of a highway tunnel, the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fans at both ends of the highway tunnel (the left end highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 7 or the right end highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 107) are turned on, the n highway tunnel dedicated smoke exhaust ports 17 at the fire point are turned on, the highway tunnel smoke exhaust control valves at both ends of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct 16 (the left end highway tunnel smoke exhaust control valve 10 or the right end highway tunnel smoke exhaust control valve 110) are turned on, the highway tunnel centralized smoke exhaust valve 18 and the highway tunnel centralized exhaust / smoke exhaust valve 9 at the highway tunnel exhaust duct at the top of the highway tunnel (the left end highway tunnel exhaust duct 24 or the right end highway tunnel exhaust duct 124) are turned off, and the smoke in the tunnel is finally discharged through the left end highway tunnel exhaust tower 13.

[0062] Specifically, n can be set according to actual conditions. For example, it can be set to open six highway tunnel dedicated smoke exhaust ports 17 near the fire point.

[0063] When a fire occurs in the upline or downline of the rail transit section tunnel 22, the fire location is divided into three sections: the first section is the left end of the tunnel, the second section is the middle of the tunnel, and the third section is the right end of the tunnel;

[0064] When the fire occurs at the left end of the tunnel, that is, when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve 20 of the middle air shaft of the left up line and the mechanical air valve 25 of the left rail transit section, or when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve 21 of the middle air shaft of the left down line and the mechanical air valve 25 of the left rail transit section, the mechanical fan 4 of the middle air shaft at the left end of the tunnel and the mechanical fan 6 of the left rail transit section are controlled to rotate forward or reverse according to the location of the train fire;

[0065] When the fire occurs at the right end of the tunnel, that is, when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve 120 of the middle air shaft of the right end up line and the mechanical air valve 125 of the right end rail transit section, or when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve 121 of the middle air shaft of the right end down line and the mechanical air valve 125 of the right end rail transit section, the mechanical fan 104 of the middle air shaft at the right end and the mechanical fan 106 of the right end rail transit section are controlled to rotate forward or reverse according to the location of the train fire;

[0066] When the fire occurs in the middle of the tunnel, that is, when the fire occurs between the left rail transit section mechanical air valve 25 and the right rail transit section mechanical air valve 125, the left rail transit section mechanical air blower 6 or the right rail transit section mechanical air blower 106 is controlled to rotate forward or reverse according to the location of the train fire;

[0067] The smoke in the tunnel is finally discharged through the left-end rail transit piston air shaft 11, the right-end rail transit piston air shaft 111 or the left-end rail transit mechanical air shaft 12, the right-end rail transit mechanical air shaft 112.

[0068] Furthermore, when a fire occurs on any line, the remaining traffic tunnels should be closed through communication coordination and linkage based on the fire situation on site.

[0069] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the fire prevention design of the combined road and rail tunnel should be based on the assumption that one fire occurs at the same time.

[0070] It should be noted that the terms used in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments, rather than limiting the scope of the present application. As shown in the present specification, unless the context clearly indicates an exception, the words "one", "a", "a kind of" and / or "the" do not specifically refer to the singular, but may also include the plural. The terms "include", "comprise" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method or device. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "include one..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method or device including the elements.

[0071] It should also be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection between the two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system of a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel is characterized by: include: Jet fans, rail transit intermediate air shaft machine room, intermediate air shaft mechanical fans, rail transit fan room, rail transit section mechanical fans, highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fans, highway tunnel fan room, highway tunnel centralized exhaust / smoke exhaust valve, highway tunnel smoke exhaust control valve, rail transit piston air shaft, rail transit mechanical air shaft, highway tunnel exhaust tower, rail transit smoke exhaust duct, highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, highway tunnel dedicated smoke exhaust port, highway tunnel centralized smoke exhaust valve, upward line intermediate air shaft mechanical air valve, downward line intermediate air shaft mechanical air valve, rail transit section tunnel, rail transit smoke exhaust duct, highway tunnel exhaust duct and rail transit section mechanical air valve; The intermediate ventilation shaft mechanical fan is arranged in the intermediate ventilation shaft machine room of the rail transit, and two intermediate ventilation shaft mechanical fans are arranged in parallel in the intermediate ventilation shaft machine room of the rail transit, one end of one intermediate ventilation shaft mechanical fan is connected to the rail transit piston ventilation shaft, and the other end is connected to the mechanical air valve of the intermediate ventilation shaft of the upward line; one end of the other intermediate ventilation shaft mechanical fan is connected to the rail transit piston ventilation shaft, and the other end is connected to the mechanical air valve of the intermediate ventilation shaft of the downward line; the intermediate ventilation shaft machine room of the rail transit is arranged outside the shield working shaft at both ends of the tunnel; The rail transit section mechanical fan is arranged in the rail transit fan room, one end of the rail transit section mechanical fan is connected to the rail transit exhaust duct at the lower layer of the highway tunnel shield section through the rail transit exhaust duct in the shield working shaft, and the other end is connected to the rail transit mechanical air shaft; the rail transit exhaust duct is arranged on the right side of the rail transit section tunnel in the driving direction, and a rail transit section mechanical air valve is arranged at 1 / 3 of the rail transit section tunnel, and the rail transit section mechanical air valve is a normally closed type; The jet fan is arranged in the open-cut section of the highway tunnel; the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan is arranged in the highway tunnel fan room, the negative pressure end of the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan is connected to the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, and the positive pressure end of the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fan is connected to the highway tunnel exhaust tower; a highway tunnel dedicated smoke exhaust port is arranged at a first preset distance on the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, and the highway tunnel dedicated smoke exhaust port is a normally closed type; Highway tunnel smoke exhaust control valves are arranged at both ends of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, and a highway tunnel centralized exhaust / smoke exhaust valve is arranged at the exhaust duct at the top of the highway tunnel shield shaft carriageway.

2. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rail transit fan room and the highway tunnel fan room are built together and separated by a fire wall.

3. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rail transit mechanical ventilation shaft is arranged at the same site as the highway tunnel exhaust tower. The highway tunnel exhaust tower is higher than the rail transit mechanical ventilation shaft, and the height difference is greater than or equal to 5m.

4. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel adopts a double-tube upper and lower stacking design, the upper layer is the highway carriageway and the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct, the lower layer is the rail transit and the rail transit smoke exhaust duct, pipeline corridor and evacuation passage, and the evacuation passage is arranged on the left side of the rail transit section tunnel driving direction; The evacuation passage also includes a transverse communication passage, an evacuation staircase and an evacuation platform.

5. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A transverse connecting passage is arranged on the road carriageway layer between the two tubes of the shield section of the highway tunnel, an evacuation staircase for downward evacuation is arranged at every second preset distance on the road carriageway layer, an evacuation opening is arranged at every third preset distance on the side wall of the evacuation platform of the rail transit layer, the evacuation opening is transversely connected to the evacuation passage, the highway and rail transit share the evacuation passage, and the evacuation staircase is upwardly connected to the road tunnel driving layer.

6. A ventilation and smoke exhaust method for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel, which is implemented based on the ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: When the highway-rail combined shield tunnel is in normal operation and ventilation, the highway tunnel is ventilated by means of longitudinal ventilation and single shaft centralized exhaust ventilation through jet fans in the open-cut section of the highway tunnel and highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fans in the highway tunnel fan room; the rail transit tunnel adopts natural ventilation or longitudinal push-pull mechanical ventilation.

7. A ventilation and smoke exhaust method for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel, which is implemented based on the ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: When a fire occurs on the left or right line of the shield section of a highway tunnel, the highway tunnel exhaust and smoke exhaust fans at both ends of the highway tunnel are turned on, the n highway tunnel special smoke exhaust ports at the fire point are opened, the highway tunnel smoke exhaust control valves at both ends of the highway tunnel smoke exhaust duct are opened, the centralized exhaust / smoke exhaust valve at the exhaust duct at the top of the highway tunnel is closed, and the smoke in the tunnel is finally discharged through the highway tunnel exhaust tower.

8. A ventilation and smoke exhaust method for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel, which is implemented based on the ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a long-distance underwater road-rail combined shield tunnel as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: When a fire occurs on the up or down line of a rail transit tunnel, the fire location is divided into three sections: the first section is the left end of the tunnel, the second section is the middle of the tunnel, and the third section is the right end of the tunnel; When the fire occurs at the left end of the tunnel, that is, when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve of the middle air shaft of the left up line and the mechanical air valve of the left rail transit section, or when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve of the middle air shaft of the left down line and the mechanical air valve of the left rail transit section, the mechanical fan of the left middle air shaft and the mechanical fan of the left rail transit section are controlled to rotate forward or reverse according to the location of the train fire; When the fire occurs in the middle of the tunnel, that is, when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve in the left rail transit section and the mechanical air valve in the right rail transit section, the mechanical fan in the left rail transit section or the mechanical fan in the right rail transit section is controlled to rotate forward or reverse according to the location of the train fire; When the fire occurs at the right end of the tunnel, that is, when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve of the middle air shaft of the right up line and the mechanical air valve of the right rail transit section, or when the fire occurs between the mechanical air valve of the middle air shaft of the right down line and the mechanical air valve of the right rail transit section, the mechanical fan of the middle air shaft on the right and the mechanical fan of the right rail transit section are controlled to rotate forward or reverse according to the location of the train fire; The smoke in the tunnel is eventually discharged through the rail transit piston air shaft at both ends or the rail transit mechanical air shaft at both ends.

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