Water resource management system based on terrestrial ecosystem protection

Abstract

The invention discloses a water resource management system based on terrestrial ecosystem protection, and relates to the technical field of water resource management. The water resource management platform is in communication connection with a data collection and processing module, an index system construction module, a space coordinate system unification module, a unit analysis module, an ecological hydrological evaluation module and a management module, and all the modules are in electric signal connection. According to the method, hydrological characteristics and ecological requirements of different regions are identified more accurately by dividing ecological hydrological regions, comprehensive evaluation is performed on landform, ecological factors, climate hydrology and human activity data in a drainage basin by using a G-IS and a spatial analysis tool, ecological hydrological indexes are calculated, and the evaluation accuracy is improved. Therefore, targeted water resource management measures are formulated for each subarea, optimization of water resource allocation, improvement of water utilization efficiency, reduction of waste and guarantee of reasonable distribution and utilization of water resources are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water resource management, and in particular to a water resource management system based on terrestrial ecosystem protection. Background Art

[0002] Ecohydrology came into being in response to the urgent environmental challenges brought about by climate change and human activities. Its core lies in recognizing the key role of water in regulating ecosystem functions, how ecosystems feed back water resources and maintain their stability, and the presentation of the coupling mechanism and development laws of ecological and hydrological processes - ecohydrological zoning, which has become one of the hot issues in ecohydrology research. The goal of ecohydrological zoning is to provide the smallest management unit for the analysis and evaluation of different ecosystems and different hydrological characteristics, and to formulate a matching water resources management model to meet the concept of "appropriate management".

[0003] For example, Chinese patent publication number: CN117493474A discloses a method and system for inverting terrestrial water reserves based on machine learning, the method comprising: collecting a data set; determining the saturated vapor pressure deficit and specific humidity based on the collected data set; for each grid point, combining the spatial sliding window method and the random forest model, optimizing the key factors affecting terrestrial water reserves in each grid point; and constructing a machine learning model based on the optimized key factors and the observation data of the GRACE gravity satellite.

[0004] In the existing technology, a variety of machine learning models are used to characterize the meteorological, hydrological, vegetation, and underlying surface information that affect terrestrial water storage, providing an important and highly operational reference basis for global and regional water resources risk assessment and early warning under the climate change scenario. However, the scale of zoning is too large when responding to specific management goals in the basin, and there is a lack of an eco-hydrological comprehensive indicator system and spatial division practice under the entire chain of hydrology, soil, climate, and ecosystems. It cannot serve the water environment management goals at a matching scale. Therefore, how to use the spatial analysis function of the geographic information system to establish a multi-scale eco-hydrological zoning method and divide the eco-hydrological spatial units is our problem to solve. To this end, a water resources management system based on terrestrial ecosystem protection is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a water resources management system based on terrestrial ecosystem protection to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A water resource management system based on terrestrial ecosystem protection includes a water resource management platform, wherein the water resource management platform is communicatively connected with a data collection and processing module, an indicator system construction module, a spatial coordinate system module, a unit analysis module, an ecohydrological assessment module and a management module, wherein electrical signals are connected between the modules;

[0008] The data collection and processing module is used to collect multi-source original data on topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activities, and pre-process the collected multi-source original data to provide a data set with a unified format, resolution, and projection, laying the foundation for subsequent spatial analysis;

[0009] The indicator system construction module selects corresponding indicators from topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activities to construct an eco-hydrological zoning indicator system, forming an indicator set that comprehensively reflects the entire chain of watershed hydrology, soil, climate and ecosystem, and provides a basis for scientifically delineating eco-hydrological zoning.

[0010] The spatial coordinate system module is used to convert all indicator data of the eco-hydrological zoning indicator system into a unified spatial resolution and coordinate system to ensure the consistency and comparability of the data, facilitate complex spatial analysis, and standardize the indicator data to eliminate the influence of different dimensions, so that different indicators are comparable, laying the foundation for subsequent weight allocation and calculation;

[0011] The unit analysis module is used to conduct unit status assessment on topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activities, and analyze the impact of each source data on the ecological environment;

[0012] The eco-hydrological assessment module combines the analysis results of the impact of various source data on the ecological environment, calculates the eco-hydrological index, evaluates the eco-hydrological status of the basin, and combines the eco-hydrological index to perform multi-scale eco-hydrological zoning. By comprehensively considering multiple indicators, an index reflecting the overall eco-hydrological characteristics of the basin is formed to facilitate hierarchical zoning;

[0013] The management module formulates corresponding water resources management and ecological protection measures according to the results of eco-hydrological zoning, provides scientific and reasonable decision-making support, and realizes the sustainable use of water resources and the effective protection of the ecosystem.

[0014] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that in the data collection and processing module, the collection and preprocessing process of multi-source raw data is as follows:

[0015] Collect multi-source original data on topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activities. Among them, topography data include elevation, slope, and orientation data obtained through satellite remote sensing, drone mapping, and topographic maps. Ecological factor data include vegetation type, biodiversity, and land use type, which are obtained through field surveys and satellite remote sensing image interpretation. Climate and hydrology data include precipitation, temperature, humidity, evaporation, and runoff, which are collected from meteorological stations and hydrological stations. Human activity data include population density, industrial pollution, agricultural activities, and urban expansion, and the data sources include statistical yearbooks, government reports, and remote sensing image interpretation;

[0016] Preprocess the collected multi-source raw data. The preprocessing operations include data cleaning, data format conversion, data resolution unification, and data projection conversion steps.

[0017] Perform geometric correction and topological processing on the vector data in the preprocessed data, use geographic information system software to perform geometric correction and topological processing on the vector data, divide the raster data into different categories, and perform normalization processing;

[0018] After the data processing is completed, a data record table is established to record the source of the data, collection date, processing steps, and usage information to facilitate data tracking and future use, and the data is stored in the data warehouse.

[0019] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that in the indicator system construction module, the construction process of the eco-hydrological zoning indicator system is as follows:

[0020] Based on the collected multi-source data on topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activities, targeted screening of evaluation indicators for each source data;

[0021] For topographic data, the impact of topography on the hydrological process of the basin was analyzed, and the topographic evaluation indicators were selected as elevation and slope;

[0022] For ecological factor data, the impact of ecological factors on the hydrological cycle process of the basin was analyzed, and the evaluation indicators of ecological factors were selected as biodiversity (habitat quality), vegetation coverage, soil erodibility and soil moisture;

[0023] For climate-hydrological data, the impact of climate-hydrology on the hydrological cycle of the basin was analyzed, and the climate-hydrological evaluation indicators were selected as average annual precipitation, average annual temperature, sunshine hours and rainfall erosivity;

[0024] For human activity data, the impact of human activities on the hydrological process and ecosystem health of the basin was analyzed, and the evaluation indicators of human activities were selected as the human footprint index and per capita GDP;

[0025] According to the selected evaluation indicators, the corresponding data are collected and standardized to eliminate the influence of different dimensions, make different indicators comparable, build an eco-hydrological zoning indicator system, and form an indicator set that comprehensively reflects the entire chain of the basin's hydrology-soil-climate-ecosystem.

[0026] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that in the spatial coordinate system module 1, the conversion process of the unified spatial resolution and coordinate system is:

[0027] Traverse the evaluation index data of all eco-hydrological zoning index systems, including data on topography, ecological factors, climate, hydrology and human activities, and check the format of the data to make it geospatial data with spatial coordinate information. For non-geospatial data, it is necessary to convert it into geospatial data format;

[0028] The CGCS2000 coordinate system is used as the target coordinate system, and all evaluation indicators are converted into 30m spatial resolution raster data. All evaluation indicator data are uniformly projected to the CGCS2000 coordinate system using GIS software, and the spatial resolution of all evaluation indicator data is adjusted to a uniform spatial resolution using the resampling function of GIS software.

[0029] The evaluation index data were standardized and divided into cost type (the smaller the better) and benefit type (the larger the better). After the elevation, slope, soil erodibility, rainfall erosivity, human activity footprint index, and GDP per capita were graded and assigned values ​​as cost evaluation indicators, and biodiversity, vegetation coverage, soil moisture, average annual precipitation, average annual temperature, and sunshine hours were used as benefit evaluation indicators to eliminate the influence of different dimensions. The same type of indicator data was organized in GIS for hierarchical management to facilitate subsequent analysis.

[0030] The spatial reference, resolution and standardized metadata information of each indicator data are recorded, the processed data are output into a unified format and resolution, and integrated into the GIS database to prepare for subsequent spatial analysis.

[0031] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that in the unit analysis module, the analysis process of the impact of each source data on the ecological environment is:

[0032] Extract the associated data of topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activities from the pre-processed overall data, divide them into multiple evaluation units, analyze the changing trend of the evaluation indicators of each evaluation unit in the time series, and evaluate the dynamic changes of the ecological environment;

[0033] For the assessment of the status of topography, the correlation data of elevation and slope evaluation indicators are used to calculate the terrain evaluation index and analyze the impact of topography on hydrological processes and ecological environment;

[0034] For the status assessment of ecological factors, the correlation data of biodiversity, vegetation coverage, soil erodibility and soil moisture evaluation indicators are used to calculate the ecological factor evaluation index, analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of the factors, and then evaluate the impact of ecological factors on ecological conditions and ecological environment;

[0035] For the assessment of the status of climate and hydrology, the correlation data of annual average precipitation, annual average temperature, sunshine hours and rainfall erosivity evaluation index are used to calculate the climate and hydrology assessment index, analyze the time series characteristics of climate and hydrology data, and assess the impact of climate conditions on the hydrological cycle and ecological environment;

[0036] For the status assessment of human activities, the correlation data of the Human Footprint Index and the per capita GDP evaluation index are used to calculate the human activity assessment index, analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of human activities, and evaluate the impact of human activities on the ecological environment.

[0037] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the expression of the terrain assessment index is:

[0038]

[0039] Among them, TI is the terrain assessment index, H i is the elevation value of the ith evaluation unit, H base is the benchmark elevation value, indicating the average elevation value of the area, P base is the benchmark slope value, indicating the average slope value of the region, P i is the slope value of the i-th evaluation unit, and n is the total number of evaluation units;

[0040] The expression of the ecological factor evaluation index is:

[0041]

[0042] Among them, EI is the ecological factor evaluation index, B i is the biodiversity index of the ith assessment unit, F i is the vegetation coverage of the ith assessment unit, C i is the soil erodibility of the i-th assessment unit, E i is the soil moisture of the ith evaluation unit, F base is the reference value of vegetation coverage, F r is the range of vegetation coverage, C base is the base value of soil erodibility, E maxis the maximum value of soil moisture, n is the total number of evaluation units, m is the number of evaluation indicators, and represents the root degree of the index;

[0043] The expression of the climate-hydrological assessment index is:

[0044]

[0045] Among them, CI is the climate hydrological assessment index, R i is the average annual precipitation of the ith assessment unit, T i is the annual average temperature of the ith assessment unit, Q i is the rainfall erosivity of the i-th assessment unit, Z i is the sunshine hours of the ith evaluation unit, R base is the base annual precipitation, T base is the base annual mean temperature, n is the total number of assessment units;

[0046] The expression of the human activity evaluation index is:

[0047]

[0048] Among them, PI is the human activity assessment index, A i is the human footprint index GP of the i-th evaluation unit i , is the per capita GDP of the ith evaluation unit, A base is the benchmark value of the Human Footprint Index, GP base is the benchmark value of GDP per capita, and n is the total number of assessment units.

[0049] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that in the eco-hydrological assessment module, the multi-scale eco-hydrological zoning division process is as follows:

[0050] Based on topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activities as four state variables, and using the evaluation indicators corresponding to the four state variables, they are divided into 2, 4, 4, and 2 corresponding control variables, and the associated data of each evaluation indicator are extracted;

[0051] Substitute the associated data of each evaluation index into the terrain assessment index, ecological factor assessment index, climate and hydrology assessment index and human activity assessment index to analyze the impact of each source data on the ecological environment;

[0052] The ecological hydrological index is calculated based on the analysis results of topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and the impact of human activities on the ecological environment, reflecting the ecological hydrological conditions of the basin and assessing the dynamic changes of the ecological hydrological conditions of the basin;

[0053] The calculated eco-hydrological index and related data were imported into GIS software. The spatial analysis function of GIS was used to perform spatial interpolation of the eco-hydrological index to obtain the spatial distribution map of the eco-hydrological index in the basin. According to the value of the eco-hydrological index, the basin was divided into different eco-hydrological status areas and marked on the map.

[0054] According to the similarity and difference of eco-hydrological index, three eco-hydrological zoning types are divided: low-water ecological zone, flat-water ecological zone and abundant-water ecological zone.

[0055] Based on the value of the eco-hydrological index and the three eco-hydrological zoning types, the corresponding assessment threshold is matched for each eco-hydrological zoning type.

[0056] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the expression of the eco-hydrological index is:

[0057]

[0058] Among them, EHI is the ecohydrological index, TI is the terrain assessment index, and TI base is the benchmark value of terrain assessment index, EI is the ecological factor assessment index, and EI base is the benchmark value of the ecological factor evaluation index, CI is the climate and hydrology evaluation index, and CI base is the benchmark value of the climate and hydrological assessment index, PI is the human activity assessment index, and PI base It is the benchmark value of the human activity assessment index.

[0059] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: a plurality of the eco-hydrological zoning types correspond to a plurality of the evaluation thresholds, wherein the evaluation thresholds include an upper threshold and a lower threshold;

[0060] The multiple eco-hydrological zoning types and the multiple evaluation thresholds satisfy the following relationship:

[0061] Water-scarce ecological zone EHI≤θ L ;

[0062] Pingshui Ecological Zoneθ L <EHI≤θ H ;

[0063] EHI>θ in water-rich ecological areas H ;

[0064] Among them, EHI is the ecohydrological index, θ L is the lower threshold corresponding to the flat water ecological zone and the upper threshold corresponding to the low water ecological zone, θ H is the lower threshold corresponding to the abundant water ecological zone and the upper threshold corresponding to the flat water ecological zone, θ L=-0.5,θ H =0.5.

[0065] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that in the management module, the process of formulating water resource management and ecological protection measures is as follows:

[0066] Obtain detailed results of eco-hydrological zoning, including eco-hydrological characteristics, water resources, ecosystem types and their vulnerability information of different regions, and determine corresponding management objectives for each eco-hydrological region;

[0067] According to the determined management objectives, formulate corresponding management measures, including: implementing water resource quota management, water-saving measures, and ecological restoration projects in ecological areas with less water, implementing rational water resource development, pollution control, and ecological monitoring in ecological areas with flat water, and implementing ecotourism planning, water ecological protection, and sustainable utilization in ecological areas with abundant water. Establish and improve the water resource supervision system and strengthen supervision of all aspects of water resource development, utilization, conservation, and protection;

[0068] Establish a decision support system to integrate the results of eco-hydrological zoning, water resources management data and ecological protection information, and use the decision support system to simulate and evaluate water resources management and ecological protection measures. Optimize and adjust water resources management and ecological protection measures based on the evaluation results of the decision support system and changes in actual conditions.

[0069] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following technical advances compared with the prior art:

[0070] 1. The present invention provides a water resource management system based on terrestrial ecosystem protection. By dividing the eco-hydrological zones, the hydrological characteristics and ecological needs of different regions can be more accurately identified. GIS and spatial analysis tools are used to comprehensively evaluate the topography, ecological factors, climate, hydrology and human activity data in the basin, calculate the eco-hydrological index, and then formulate targeted water resource management measures for each zone, which helps to optimize water resource allocation, improve water use efficiency, reduce waste, and ensure the rational allocation and utilization of water resources.

[0071] 2. The present invention provides a water resource management system based on the protection of terrestrial ecosystems. By evaluating the biodiversity, vegetation coverage, soil erodibility and soil moisture of ecological factors, the fragility and degree of degradation of the ecosystem can be identified so as to formulate effective ecological restoration and protection measures, which will help to restore and protect the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems and enhance the adaptability of ecosystems to climate change and human activities.

[0072] 3. The present invention provides a water resources management system based on terrestrial ecosystem protection. Through eco-hydrological zoning and assessment, it is capable of identifying and protecting biodiversity hotspots and key ecosystem service areas, and monitoring the impact of human activities on the ecosystem. By adjusting land use planning and restricting activities that may have a negative impact, the interference with the ecosystem is reduced. In addition, by monitoring and evaluating climate hydrological indicators, the impact of climate change on the availability and quality of water resources is analyzed so as to formulate adaptive water resources management strategies and enhance the buffering and adaptability of ecosystems to climate change. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0073] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0074] Figure 1 It is a module structure diagram of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 2 The following is a flow chart of the analysis of the impact of various source data on the ecological environment in the present invention;

[0076] Figure 3 This is a flow chart for the division of multi-scale eco-hydrological zones in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0077] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0078] Embodiment 1, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a water resource management system based on terrestrial ecosystem protection, including a water resource management platform, the water resource management platform is communicatively connected with a data collection and processing module, an indicator system construction module, a spatial coordinate system module, a unit analysis module, an eco-hydrological assessment module and a management module, wherein the modules are connected by electrical signals;

[0079] The data collection and processing module is used to collect multi-source original data on topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activities, and pre-process the collected multi-source original data to provide a data set with unified format, resolution and projection, laying the foundation for subsequent spatial analysis. It collects multi-source original data on topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activities. Among them, topography data are obtained through satellite remote sensing, drone mapping, and topographic maps to obtain elevation, slope, and orientation data. Ecological factor data include vegetation type, biodiversity, and land use type, which are obtained through field surveys and satellite remote sensing image interpretation. Climate and hydrology data include precipitation, temperature, humidity, evaporation, and runoff, which are collected from meteorological stations and hydrological stations. Human activity data include population density, industrial pollution, agricultural activities, and urban expansion. Data sources include statistical yearbooks, government reports, and remote sensing image interpretation. The collected multi-source original data are pre-processed. The pre-processing operations include data cleaning, data format conversion, and data analysis. Resolution unification and data projection conversion steps, among which data cleaning removes erroneous, missing or abnormal data records to ensure data accuracy and consistency, data format conversion converts data from different sources into a unified format, data resolution unification converts data of different resolutions into a unified resolution to ensure data spatial consistency, data projection conversion converts data of different projections into a unified projection, which helps to eliminate the impact of projection differences on spatial analysis and improve the accuracy of analysis, geometric correction and topological processing are performed on vector data in the preprocessed data, and vector data are geometrically corrected and topologically processed using geographic information system software, raster data are divided into different categories, and normalized to eliminate the impact of different dimensions so that different indicators are comparable, and after data processing is completed, a data record table is established to record the source of the data, collection date, processing steps, and usage information for easy data tracking and future use, and the data is stored in a data warehouse;

[0080] The indicator system construction module selects corresponding indicators from topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activities to construct an eco-hydrological zoning indicator system, forming an indicator set that comprehensively reflects the entire chain of watershed hydrology-soil-climate-ecosystem, providing a basis for the scientific delineation of eco-hydrological zoning. Based on the collected multi-source data of topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activities, the evaluation indicators of each source data are targeted. For topography data, the impact of topography on the hydrological process of the watershed is analyzed, and elevation and slope are selected as topography evaluation indicators. Among them, elevation is obtained through satellite remote sensing and digital elevation model (DEM) to reflect the height changes in the basin. The slope is calculated based on elevation data and affects the water flow rate. and surface runoff, which in turn affects the division of hydrological zones. For ecological factor data, the impact of ecological factors on the hydrological cycle process in the basin is analyzed, and the ecological factor evaluation indicators are selected as biodiversity (habitat quality), vegetation coverage, soil erodibility and soil moisture. Among them, biodiversity is obtained through field surveys and remote sensing monitoring methods to measure the richness of biological species and the stability of the ecosystem in the basin. Vegetation coverage is evaluated using remote sensing technology to reflect the composition and distribution of vegetation in the basin. Soil erodibility is comprehensively evaluated based on soil type, texture, structure and moisture factors to reflect the difficulty of soil erosion and thus reflect the soil erosion and sedimentation process. Soil moisture is obtained through soil moisture sensors to reflect the moisture conditions of the soil. , which plays an important role in vegetation growth and water infiltration. For climate and hydrological data, the impact of climate and hydrology on the hydrological cycle of the basin is analyzed. The climate and hydrological evaluation indicators are selected as average annual precipitation, average annual temperature, sunshine hours and rainfall erosivity. Among them, the average annual precipitation is obtained through meteorological observation stations, which measures the amount of precipitation in the basin and has a direct impact on the hydrological cycle. The average annual temperature is obtained through meteorological observation stations, which affects evaporation and surface runoff, and then affects the hydrological process of the basin. The sunshine hours are obtained through meteorological observation stations, which reflects the richness of light resources in the basin and has an impact on vegetation growth and evaporation. The rainfall erosivity is comprehensively evaluated based on rainfall intensity and raindrop kinetic energy factors, reflecting the erosion capacity of rainfall on the soil. For human activity data, analysis The impact of human activities on the hydrological process and ecosystem health of the basin. The human footprint index and per capita GDP are selected as the evaluation indicators of human activities. The human footprint index is comprehensively evaluated through remote sensing monitoring, socio-economic surveys and GIS analysis methods to reflect the degree of interference of human activities on the basin ecosystem. Per capita GDP is obtained through socio-economic statistical data to reflect the level of economic development in the basin and has an impact on water resource utilization and ecological environment protection. According to the selected evaluation indicators, the corresponding data are collected and standardized to eliminate the influence of different dimensions, so that different indicators are comparable, and an eco-hydrological zoning indicator system is constructed to form an indicator set that comprehensively reflects the entire chain of basin hydrology-soil-climate-ecosystem;

[0081] The spatial coordinate system module is used to convert all indicator data of the eco-hydrological zoning indicator system into a unified spatial resolution and coordinate system to ensure data consistency and comparability, facilitate complex spatial analysis, and standardize indicator data to eliminate the impact of different dimensions, so that different indicators are comparable, laying the foundation for subsequent weight allocation and calculation. It traverses all evaluation indicator data of the eco-hydrological zoning indicator system, including data on topography, ecological factors, climate, hydrology and human activities, and checks the data format to make the data geographic spatial data with spatial coordinate information. For non-geographic spatial data, it needs to be converted into geographic spatial data format, and the CGCS2000 coordinate system is used as the target coordinate system. All evaluation indicators are converted into 30m spatial resolution raster data. Combined with GIS software, all evaluation indicator data are uniformly projected to CGCS 2000 coordinate system, and use the resampling function of GIS software to adjust the spatial resolution of all evaluation index data to a unified spatial resolution, standardize the evaluation index data, divide the evaluation index types into cost type (the smaller the better) and benefit type (the larger the better), and assign values ​​to elevation, slope, soil erodibility, rainfall erosivity, human activity footprint index, and per capita GDP as cost evaluation indicators, and biodiversity, vegetation coverage, soil moisture, average annual precipitation, average annual temperature, and sunshine hours as benefit evaluation indicators to eliminate the influence of different dimensions, and organize the same type of index data in GIS for hierarchical management to facilitate subsequent analysis, record the spatial reference, resolution, and standardized metadata information of each index data, output the processed data in a unified format and resolution, and integrate it into the GIS database to prepare for subsequent spatial analysis;

[0082] The unit analysis module is used to conduct unit status assessment of topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activities, analyze the impact of each source data on the ecological environment, extract the associated data of each evaluation index of topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activities from the pre-processed overall data, divide them into multiple evaluation units, analyze the change trend of the evaluation index of each evaluation unit in the time series, and evaluate the dynamic changes of the ecological environment. For the status assessment of topography, the associated data of elevation and slope evaluation indicators are used to calculate the terrain evaluation index, analyze the impact of topography on hydrological processes and ecological environment, and for the status assessment of ecological factors, biodiversity, vegetation coverage, soil The associated data of soil erodibility and soil moisture evaluation indicators are used to calculate the ecological factor evaluation index, analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of the factors, and then evaluate the impact of ecological factors on ecological conditions and ecological environment. For the evaluation of climate and hydrology status, the associated data of annual average precipitation, annual average temperature, sunshine hours and rainfall erosivity evaluation indicators are used to calculate the climate and hydrology evaluation index, analyze the time series characteristics of climate and hydrology data, and evaluate the impact of climate conditions on the hydrological cycle and ecological environment. For the evaluation of human activities status, the associated data of the human footprint index and per capita GDP evaluation indicators are used to calculate the human activity evaluation index, analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of human activities, and evaluate the impact of human activities on the ecological environment;

[0083] Furthermore, the expression of terrain assessment index is:

[0084]

[0085] Among them, TI is the terrain assessment index, H i is the elevation value of the ith evaluation unit, H base is the benchmark elevation value, indicating the average elevation value of the area, P base is the benchmark slope value, indicating the average slope value of the region, P i is the slope value of the ith assessment unit, n is the total number of assessment units, when the elevation value is close to the benchmark elevation value and the slope value is close to the benchmark slope value, the terrain assessment index value is low, indicating that the terrain is relatively flat and consistent, when the elevation value is significantly different from the benchmark elevation value and the slope is steeper, the terrain assessment index value is high, indicating that the terrain is relatively complex and changeable, Reflects the deviation of the elevation value of each unit relative to the average elevation value and average slope value of the area, using an exponential function Adjust the effect of slope so that areas with slope values ​​close to the base slope value contribute less to the index, while areas with steeper slopes contribute more;

[0086] The expression of ecological factor evaluation index is:

[0087]

[0088] Among them, EI is the ecological factor evaluation index, B i is the biodiversity index of the ith assessment unit, F i is the vegetation coverage of the ith assessment unit, C i is the soil erodibility of the i-th assessment unit, E i is the soil moisture of the ith evaluation unit, F base is the reference value of vegetation coverage, F r is the range of vegetation coverage, C base is the base value of soil erodibility, E max is the maximum value of soil moisture, n is the total number of evaluation units, m is the number of evaluation indicators, and represents the root order of the index. When biodiversity is high, vegetation coverage is close to the benchmark value, soil erodibility is lower than the benchmark value, and soil moisture is sufficient, the EI value is high, indicating good ecological conditions. When biodiversity is low, vegetation coverage deviates from the benchmark value, soil erodibility is higher than the benchmark value, and soil moisture is insufficient, the EI value is low, indicating poor ecological conditions.

[0089] The expression of climate-hydrological assessment index is:

[0090]

[0091] Among them, CI is the climate hydrological assessment index, R i is the average annual precipitation of the ith assessment unit, T i is the annual average temperature of the ith assessment unit, Q i is the rainfall erosivity of the i-th assessment unit, Z i is the sunshine hours of the ith evaluation unit, R base is the base annual precipitation, T base is the benchmark annual average temperature, n is the total number of assessment units, when the annual average precipitation and annual average temperature are close to the benchmark value, and the negative impact of rainfall erosivity and sunshine duration is small, the CI value is high, indicating that the impact of climate and hydrological conditions on the hydrological cycle and ecological environment is relatively positive, when the annual average precipitation and annual average temperature deviate from the benchmark value, and the negative impact of rainfall erosivity and sunshine duration is large, the CI value is low, indicating that the impact of climate and hydrological conditions on the hydrological cycle and ecological environment is relatively negative, using the logarithmic function ln(R i +1) to process the annual average precipitation to reduce the impact of extreme values, and adjust it by the square of the logarithmic ratio with the baseline precipitation. i With reference temperature T base The ratio of is cubed, the effect of temperature on the index is adjusted, and the rainfall erosivity Q is combined i and sunshine hours Z i , using the exponential function It represents their negative impact on climate and hydrological conditions, and 1 minus this value gives a positive impact;

[0092] The expression of human activity assessment index is:

[0093]

[0094] Among them, PI is the human activity assessment index, A i is the human footprint index GP of the i-th evaluation unit i , is the per capita GDP of the ith evaluation unit, A base is the benchmark value of the Human Footprint Index, GP base is the benchmark value of GDP per capita, n is the total number of assessment units. When the human footprint index and GDP per capita are close to the benchmark value, the PI value is high, indicating that human activities in the area are more balanced and the impact on the ecological environment may be small. When the human footprint index and GDP per capita deviate from the benchmark value, the PI value is low, indicating that human activities in the area are more concentrated or extreme and the impact on the ecological environment may be greater. The logarithmic function ln(A i +1) The Human Footprint Index is processed to reduce the impact of extreme values ​​and is adjusted by the square of the logarithm of the ratio to the benchmark Human Footprint Index, and the GDP impact on the index is adjusted by raising the ratio of GDP per capita to the benchmark GDP to the fourth power;

[0095] The eco-hydrological assessment module combines the analysis results of the impact of various source data on the ecological environment, calculates the eco-hydrological index, evaluates the eco-hydrological status of the basin, and combines the eco-hydrological index to perform multi-scale eco-hydrological zoning. By comprehensively considering multiple indicators, an index reflecting the overall eco-hydrological characteristics of the basin is formed, which is convenient for grading and zoning;

[0096] The management module formulates corresponding water resources management and ecological protection measures based on the results of eco-hydrological zoning, provides scientific and reasonable decision-making support, and realizes the sustainable use of water resources and the effective protection of the ecosystem.

[0097] Embodiment 2, as Figure 3 As shown, based on Example 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: Preferably, in the eco-hydrological assessment module, the multi-scale eco-hydrological partition division process is:

[0098] Based on topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activities as four state variables, and using the evaluation indicators corresponding to the four state variables, they are divided into 2, 4, 4, and 2 control variables respectively, and the associated data of each evaluation indicator are extracted. The associated data of each evaluation indicator are substituted into the terrain evaluation index, ecological factor evaluation index, climate and hydrology evaluation index, and human activity evaluation index respectively, and the impact of each source data on the ecological environment is analyzed. The analysis results of the impact of topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activity data on the ecological environment are integrated to calculate the eco-hydrological index to reflect the eco-hydrological status of the basin, so as to evaluate the eco-hydrological status of the basin. The calculated eco-hydrological index and related data were imported into GIS software to observe the dynamic changes of the conditions. The spatial analysis function of GIS was used to perform spatial interpolation on the eco-hydrological index to obtain the spatial distribution map of the eco-hydrological index in the watershed. The watershed was divided into different eco-hydrological condition areas according to the value of the eco-hydrological index, marked on the map, and divided according to the similarity and difference of the eco-hydrological index. Three eco-hydrological zoning types were divided: water-scarce ecological zone, flat water ecological zone and water-rich ecological zone. Based on the value of the eco-hydrological index and the three types of eco-hydrological zoning, the corresponding assessment threshold was matched for each eco-hydrological zoning type.

[0099] Furthermore, the expression of the ecohydrological index is:

[0100]

[0101] Among them, EHI is the ecohydrological index, TI is the terrain assessment index, and Ti base is the benchmark value of terrain assessment index, EI is the ecological factor assessment index, and EI base is the benchmark value of the ecological factor evaluation index, CI is the climate and hydrology evaluation index, and CI base is the benchmark value of the climate and hydrological assessment index, PI is the human activity assessment index, and PI base It is the benchmark value of the human activity assessment index. When TI, EI, and CI are close to their respective benchmark values ​​and PI is lower than the benchmark value, EHI tends to be positive, indicating a better eco-hydrological condition. When TI, EI, and CI are lower than their respective benchmark values, or PI is higher than the benchmark value, EHI tends to be negative, indicating a worse eco-hydrological condition. The root formula and the benchmark value TI are used. base Adjust TI to reflect the contribution of topography to ecohydrological conditions using an exponential function and a baseline value of EI base Adjust the EI to reflect the contribution of ecological factors to the ecohydrological status, using the natural logarithmic function and the baseline CI base Adjust the CI to reflect the contribution of climate-hydrological conditions to the ecohydrological regime using the cube root and the baseline value PI base Adjust PI to reflect the impact of human activities on ecohydrological conditions;

[0102] Furthermore, multiple eco-hydrological zoning types correspond to multiple assessment thresholds, wherein the assessment thresholds include an upper threshold and a lower threshold;

[0103] Multiple eco-hydrological zoning types and multiple assessment thresholds satisfy the following relationship:

[0104] Water-scarce ecological zone EHI≤θ L ; It indicates that the ecological and hydrological conditions in the region are poor and need attention and protection. Strict water resource management and strict protection of the ecosystem are required. Restrictions on human activities are prohibited and research on system protection and restoration is carried out. The climate and hydrological conditions are poor. It is a high-altitude cold area with low precipitation. The ecosystem is highly sensitive and vulnerable, and its self-recovery ability is weak. It is not easy to recover under external disturbances. The ecological hydrology is in a fragile micro-balance state.

[0105] Pingshui Ecological Zoneθ L <EHI≤θ H ; Indicates that the ecological and hydrological conditions in the region are general and need to be maintained and moderately improved. The focus is on grassland ecosystem protection, water-saving irrigation, limiting large-scale water use projects, paying attention to ecological restoration and governance in degraded areas, and slowing down the degradation trend. The climate and hydrological conditions are in a state of balance. It is mainly distributed in alpine meadow grasslands and shrub areas. Precipitation and ecosystem water use are in a dynamic balance. The ecosystem has a medium degree of sensitivity and vulnerability. The ecosystem has a certain self-recovery ability. It is easy to have ecological problems such as desertification and degradation under external disturbances.

[0106] EHI>θ in water-rich ecological areas H ; It means that the ecological and hydrological conditions in the region are good, which can support higher-intensity ecological services and human activities, rationally develop and utilize water resources, and mainly protect forest and wetland ecosystems. The climate and hydrological conditions are good, the precipitation is abundant, the ecosystem vulnerability is low, and it is mostly coniferous and broad-leaved forest belts. The ecosystem is in a healthy, stable and balanced state, which is suitable for scientific and rational resource development and utilization activities;

[0107] Among them, EHI is the ecohydrological index, θ L is the lower threshold corresponding to the flat water ecological zone and the upper threshold corresponding to the low water ecological zone, θ H is the lower threshold corresponding to the abundant water ecological zone and the upper threshold corresponding to the flat water ecological zone, θ L =-0.5,θ H =0.5;

[0108] In the management module, the process of formulating water resources management and ecological protection measures is as follows:

[0109] Obtain detailed results of eco-hydrological zoning, including eco-hydrological characteristics, water resources status, ecosystem types and vulnerability information of different regions, determine corresponding management objectives for each eco-hydrological region, and formulate corresponding management measures based on the determined management objectives, including: implementing water resource quota management, water-saving measures and ecological restoration projects in water-scarce ecological areas, implementing rational water resource development, pollution control and ecological monitoring in flat water ecological areas, implementing eco-tourism planning, water ecological protection and sustainable utilization in water-rich ecological areas, and establishing and improving the water resources supervision system, strengthening supervision of all aspects of water resources development, utilization, conservation and protection, establishing a decision support system, integrating eco-hydrological zoning results, water resources management data and ecological protection information, and using the decision support system to simulate and evaluate water resources management and ecological protection measures, and optimizing and adjusting water resources management and ecological protection measures based on the evaluation results of the decision support system and changes in actual conditions.

[0110] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A water resources management system based on terrestrial ecosystem protection, including a water resources management platform, characterized in that: The water resources management platform is communicatively connected with a data collection and processing module, an indicator system construction module, a spatial coordinate system module, a unit analysis module, an eco-hydrological assessment module and a management module, wherein the modules are electrically connected with each other; The data collection and processing module is used to collect multi-source original data on topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activities, and to pre-process the collected multi-source original data; The indicator system construction module selects corresponding indicators from topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activities to construct an eco-hydrological zoning indicator system; The spatial coordinate system module is used to convert all indicator data of the eco-hydrological zoning indicator system into a unified spatial resolution and coordinate system, and to perform standardization on the indicator data; The unit analysis module is used to conduct unit status assessment on topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activities, and analyze the impact of each source data on the ecological environment; The eco-hydrological assessment module combines the analysis results of the impact of various source data on the ecological environment, calculates the eco-hydrological index, evaluates the eco-hydrological status of the basin, and performs multi-scale eco-hydrological zoning based on the eco-hydrological index; The management module formulates corresponding water resources management and ecological protection measures according to the results of the ecological and hydrological zoning.

2. A water resources management system based on terrestrial ecosystem protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the data collection and processing module, the collection and preprocessing process of multi-source raw data is as follows: Collect multi-source original data on topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activities. The topography data are obtained through satellite remote sensing, drone mapping, and topographic maps. The ecological factor data are obtained through field surveys and satellite remote sensing image interpretation. The climate and hydrology data are collected from meteorological stations and hydrological stations. Preprocess the collected multi-source raw data. The preprocessing operations include data cleaning, data format conversion, data resolution unification, and data projection conversion steps. Perform geometric correction and topological processing on the vector data in the preprocessed data, use geographic information system software to perform geometric correction and topological processing on the vector data, divide the raster data into different categories, and perform normalization processing; After the data processing is completed, a data record table is created to record the source of the data, collection date, processing steps, usage information, and the data is stored in the data warehouse.

3. A water resources management system based on terrestrial ecosystem protection according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the indicator system construction module, the construction process of the eco-hydrological zoning indicator system is as follows: Based on the collected multi-source data on topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activities, targeted screening of evaluation indicators for each source data; For topographic data, the impact of topography on the hydrological process of the basin was analyzed, and the topographic evaluation indicators were selected as elevation and slope; For ecological factor data, the impact of ecological factors on the hydrological cycle process of the basin was analyzed, and the evaluation indicators of ecological factors were selected as biodiversity, vegetation coverage, soil erodibility and soil moisture; For climate-hydrological data, the impact of climate-hydrology on the hydrological cycle of the basin was analyzed, and the climate-hydrological evaluation indicators were selected as average annual precipitation, average annual temperature, sunshine hours and rainfall erosivity; For human activity data, the impact of human activities on the hydrological process and ecosystem health of the basin was analyzed, and the evaluation indicators of human activities were selected as the human footprint index and per capita GDP; According to the selected evaluation indicators, the corresponding data are collected, and the evaluation indicator data are standardized to construct an eco-hydrological zoning indicator system.

4. A water resources management system based on terrestrial ecosystem protection according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the spatial coordinate system module 1, the conversion process of unified spatial resolution and coordinate system is as follows: Traverse the evaluation index data of all eco-hydrological zoning index systems, including data on topography, ecological factors, climate, hydrology and human activities, and check the format of the data to make it geographic spatial data with spatial coordinate information; The CGCS2000 coordinate system is used as the target coordinate system, and all evaluation indicators are converted into 30m spatial resolution raster data. All evaluation indicator data are uniformly projected to the CGCS2000 coordinate system using GIS software, and the spatial resolution of all evaluation indicator data is adjusted to a uniform spatial resolution using the resampling function of GIS software. The evaluation index data were standardized and divided into cost-based and benefit-based types. After the elevation, slope, soil erodibility, rainfall erosivity, human activity footprint index, and GDP per capita were graded and assigned values ​​as cost-based evaluation indicators, and biodiversity, vegetation coverage, soil moisture, average annual precipitation, average annual temperature, and sunshine hours were used as benefit-based evaluation indicators. The same type of index data was organized in GIS for hierarchical management. The spatial reference, resolution and standardized metadata information of each indicator data are recorded, the processed data are output into a unified format and resolution, and integrated into the GIS database.

5. A water resources management system based on terrestrial ecosystem protection according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the unit analysis module, the analysis process of the impact of each source data on the ecological environment is as follows: Extract the associated data of topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activities from the pre-processed overall data, divide them into multiple evaluation units, analyze the changing trend of the evaluation indicators of each evaluation unit in the time series, and evaluate the dynamic changes of the ecological environment; For the assessment of the status of topography, the correlation data of elevation and slope evaluation indicators are used to calculate the terrain evaluation index and analyze the impact of topography on hydrological processes and ecological environment; For the status assessment of ecological factors, the correlation data of biodiversity, vegetation coverage, soil erodibility and soil moisture evaluation indicators are used to calculate the ecological factor evaluation index, analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of the factors, and then evaluate the impact of ecological factors on ecological conditions and ecological environment; For the assessment of the status of climate and hydrology, the correlation data of annual average precipitation, annual average temperature, sunshine hours and rainfall erosivity evaluation index are used to calculate the climate and hydrology assessment index, analyze the time series characteristics of climate and hydrology data, and assess the impact of climate conditions on the hydrological cycle and ecological environment; For the status assessment of human activities, the correlation data of the Human Footprint Index and the per capita GDP evaluation index are used to calculate the human activity assessment index, analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of human activities, and evaluate the impact of human activities on the ecological environment.

6. A water resources management system based on terrestrial ecosystem protection according to claim 5, characterized in that: The expression of the terrain assessment index is: Among them, TI is the terrain assessment index, H i is the elevation value of the ith evaluation unit, H base is the benchmark elevation value, indicating the average elevation value of the area, P base is the benchmark slope value, indicating the average slope value of the region, P i is the slope value of the i-th evaluation unit, and n is the total number of evaluation units; The expression of the ecological factor evaluation index is: Among them, EI is the ecological factor evaluation index, B i is the biodiversity index of the ith assessment unit, F i is the vegetation coverage of the ith assessment unit, C i is the soil erodibility of the i-th assessment unit, E i is the soil moisture of the ith evaluation unit, F base is the reference value of vegetation coverage, F r is the range of vegetation coverage, C base is the base value of soil erodibility, E max is the maximum value of soil moisture, n is the total number of evaluation units, m is the number of evaluation indicators, and represents the root degree of the index; The expression of the climate-hydrological assessment index is: Among them, CI is the climate hydrological assessment index, R i is the average annual precipitation of the ith assessment unit, T i is the annual average temperature of the ith assessment unit, Q i is the rainfall erosivity of the ith assessment unit, Z i is the sunshine hours of the ith evaluation unit, R base is the base annual precipitation, T base is the base annual mean temperature, n is the total number of assessment units; The expression of the human activity evaluation index is: Among them, PI is the human activity assessment index, A i is the human footprint index GP of the i-th evaluation unit i , is the per capita GDP of the ith evaluation unit, A base is the benchmark value of the Human Footprint Index, GP base is the benchmark value of GDP per capita, and n is the total number of assessment units.

7. A water resource management system based on terrestrial ecosystem protection according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the eco-hydrological assessment module, the multi-scale eco-hydrological zoning division process is as follows: Based on topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and human activities as four state variables, and using the evaluation indicators corresponding to the four state variables, they are divided into 2, 4, 4, and 2 corresponding control variables, and the associated data of each evaluation indicator are extracted; Substitute the associated data of each evaluation index into the terrain assessment index, ecological factor assessment index, climate and hydrology assessment index and human activity assessment index to analyze the impact of each source data on the ecological environment; The ecological hydrological index is calculated based on the analysis results of topography, ecological factors, climate and hydrology, and the impact of human activities on the ecological environment, reflecting the ecological hydrological conditions of the basin and assessing the dynamic changes of the ecological hydrological conditions of the basin; The calculated eco-hydrological index and related data were imported into GIS software. The spatial analysis function of GIS was used to perform spatial interpolation of the eco-hydrological index to obtain the spatial distribution map of the eco-hydrological index in the basin. According to the value of the eco-hydrological index, the basin was divided into different eco-hydrological status areas and marked on the map. According to the similarity and difference of eco-hydrological index, three eco-hydrological zoning types are divided: low-water ecological zone, flat-water ecological zone and abundant-water ecological zone. Based on the value of the eco-hydrological index and the three eco-hydrological zoning types, the corresponding assessment threshold is matched for each eco-hydrological zoning type.

8. A water resources management system based on terrestrial ecosystem protection according to claim 7, characterized in that: The expression of the ecohydrological index is: Among them, EHI is the ecohydrological index, TI is the terrain assessment index, and TI base is the benchmark value of terrain assessment index, EI is the ecological factor assessment index, and EI base is the benchmark value of the ecological factor evaluation index, CI is the climate and hydrology evaluation index, and CI base is the benchmark value of the climate and hydrological assessment index, PI is the human activity assessment index, and PI base It is the benchmark value of the human activity assessment index.

9. A water resources management system based on terrestrial ecosystem protection according to claim 8, characterized in that: A plurality of the eco-hydrological zoning types correspond to a plurality of the evaluation thresholds, wherein the evaluation thresholds include an upper threshold and a lower threshold; The multiple eco-hydrological zoning types and the multiple evaluation thresholds satisfy the following relationship: Water-scarce ecological zone EHI≤θ L ; Pingshui Ecological Zoneθ L <EHI≤θ H ; EHI>θ in water-rich ecological areas H ; Among them, EHI is the ecohydrological index, θ L is the lower threshold corresponding to the flat water ecological zone and the upper threshold corresponding to the low water ecological zone, θ H is the lower threshold corresponding to the abundant water ecological zone and the upper threshold corresponding to the flat water ecological zone, θ L =-0.5,θ H =0.

5.

10. A water resources management system based on terrestrial ecosystem protection according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the management module, the process of formulating water resources management and ecological protection measures is as follows: Obtain detailed results of eco-hydrological zoning, including eco-hydrological characteristics, water resources, ecosystem types and their vulnerability information of different regions, and determine corresponding management objectives for each eco-hydrological region; Formulate corresponding management measures according to the determined management objectives; Establish a decision support system to integrate the results of eco-hydrological zoning, water resources management data and ecological protection information, and use the decision support system to simulate and evaluate water resources management and ecological protection measures. Optimize and adjust water resources management and ecological protection measures based on the evaluation results of the decision support system and changes in actual conditions.

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