A water cooling device and control method for a 1T quasi-annular symmetric stellarator

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of stellarator coil cooling, and provides a water cooling device for a 1T quasi-annular symmetrical stellarator and a control method thereof. A water cooling channel for accommodating cooling water is defined in the module coil of the stellarator coil; efficient heat transfer from the coil to the water cooling channel is achieved, and the water cooling channel is in close contact with the module coil to ensure that the heat is quickly absorbed by the cooling water. In order to dissipate heat evenly, a multi-layer horizontal pipeline layout is adopted. These pipelines are located at different heights and surround the outside of the stellarator coil. Through the design of two water inlet pipes and one water outlet pipe, simultaneous water supply and heat recovery for all modules are achieved. Sensors equipped on each branch monitor temperature, pressure and flow, and monitor heat dissipation efficiency in real time to ensure safety. At the same time, the coil is precisely controlled through the water supply system, which improves the operating efficiency and stability of the stellarator device and effectively extends the service life of the equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of stellarator coil cooling, and in particular to a water cooling device of a 1T quasi-annular symmetrical stellarator and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The contents in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and may not constitute prior art.

[0003] As a core scientific platform for exploring the characteristics of three-dimensional plasmas, the Chinese First Quasi-axisymmetric Stellarator (CFQS) plays a vital role. The quasi-axisymmetric magnetic field configuration of the device fully combines the advantages of traditional stellarators and tokamaks, which can not only achieve steady-state operation of plasma, but also minimize plasma transport losses and improve its confinement quality. Under the experimental configuration of 1 Tesla (1T), the device is committed to achieving stable operation of high-pressure and high-confinement steady-state plasma, verifying the scientific advancement of the quasi-axisymmetric magnetic configuration, and completing the historical mission of exploring and understanding the physical knowledge related to three-dimensional plasma under advanced stellarator configurations, thereby achieving a breakthrough in the originality of stellarator research in my country.

[0004] However, in the 1T operating mode, CFQS faces a major engineering challenge: the stellarator coil will release a large amount of Joule heat during continuous operation, which poses a severe test to the stability and life of the coil. Therefore, an effective cooling mechanism becomes a key factor in ensuring the smooth progress of the experiment. In the prior art, the water cooling system of the current fusion device is mainly designed for the tokamak device, and is not suitable for the special structure of the quasi-toroidal symmetric stellarator, especially the cooling requirements of its coil part. In order to make the cooling of the coil have the characteristics of efficient heat dissipation and adaptability to complex coil structures, and to ensure that the coil maintains a stable cooling effect, a water cooling device specially designed for the 1T quasi-toroidal symmetric stellarator coil and its supporting control method are particularly important. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a water cooling device for a 1T quasi-annular symmetrical stellarator and a control method thereof, which performs cyclic cooling on each module through multiple layers of horizontal pipes to ensure that the coil maintains a stable cooling effect.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A water cooling device for a 1T quasi-annular symmetric stellarator, comprising:

[0008] The stellarator coil includes two poloidal modules and a plurality of circumferential modules. Each poloidal module and circumferential module includes a module coil formed by winding a shell and a conductor. The module coil is arranged in the shell, and a water cooling channel for accommodating cooling water is defined in the conductor.

[0009] Horizontal pipelines, multiple horizontal pipelines are respectively arranged at different heights, surrounding the outside of the stellarator coil; each horizontal pipeline includes two water inlet pipelines and one water outlet pipeline; the water inlet pipelines at different heights are interconnected, and the water outlet pipelines at different heights are interconnected; one water inlet pipeline of each horizontal pipeline is connected to the input end of the water cooling channel in the poloidal module, and the other water inlet pipeline is connected to the input end of the water cooling channel in the circumferential module through multiple branches; the output end of each water cooling channel is connected to the water outlet pipeline; each branch is provided with multiple sensors for detecting the temperature, pressure and flow of the branch;

[0010] The water supply system includes a purification device, a cooling device, a deionized water preparation device, a water tank and a first circulation pump; the purification device is connected to the water tank to ensure that the resistivity of the cooling water in the water tank is within a preset range; the cooling device is connected to the water tank to continuously cool the cooling water in the water tank; the deionized water preparation device is connected to the water tank to provide deionized water to the water tank, the water tank is connected to the water inlet pipe through the first circulation pump, and the cooling water in the water tank is input into the water cooling channel through the first circulation pump; the water outlet pipe is connected to the water tank to recycle the cooling water carrying heat into the water tank.

[0011] Furthermore, each water inlet pipe and each water outlet pipe is arc-shaped.

[0012] Furthermore, in the same horizontal pipeline, the water outlet pipeline is arranged between two water inlet pipelines.

[0013] Furthermore, the horizontal pipeline includes a first water inlet pipeline arranged on the inner side and a second water inlet pipeline arranged on the outer side, and the length of the first water inlet pipeline is greater than that of the second water inlet pipeline.

[0014] Furthermore, the second water inlet pipe is connected to the water outlet pipe through a bypass valve, and the first water inlet pipe, the second water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are all provided with exhaust valves.

[0015] Furthermore, the cooling device includes a cooling tower, a heat exchanger, a second circulation pump and a third circulation pump; the heat exchanger is connected to the water tank through a first loop pipe, and a second circulation pump is provided on the first loop pipe; the heat exchanger is connected to the cooling tower through a second loop pipe, and a third circulation pump is provided on the second loop pipe; the second circulation pump drives cooling water to carry heat into the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger exchanges the heat to the second loop pipe, and the third circulation pump drives the cooling water to carry the heat to the cooling tower for cooling.

[0016] Furthermore, the deionized water preparation device includes an online deionization device and a deionized water preparation machine; the online deionization device is connected to the water tank and is used to adsorb ions of the cooling water in the water tank to increase the resistivity of the cooling water; the input end of the deionized water preparation machine is connected to an external water source, and the output end is connected to the water tank, and is used to convert the external water source into deionized water and replenish the deionized water to the water tank.

[0017] Furthermore, the water tank is connected to the water inlet pipe with the lowest height through the water supply pipe, and the water outlet pipe with the lowest height is connected to the water tank through the return pipe.

[0018] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention provides a control method for a water cooling device, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1, start the deionized water preparation device to convert the external water source into deionized water, and transmit it to the water tank;

[0020] S2, using a resistivity detector installed on the water tank to continuously detect the cooling water in the water tank. If the detection value of the resistivity detector is lower than a preset threshold, the filtering device is turned on to continuously purify the cooling water in the water tank until the detection value of the resistivity detector reaches the preset threshold;

[0021] S3, start the second circulation pump and the third circulation pump, the second circulation pump inputs the cooling water in the water tank into the heat exchanger, after the heat exchanger exchanges the heat in the first loop pipeline to the second loop pipeline, the cooling water returns to the water tank; the third circulation pump drives the cooling water in the second loop to carry the heat to the cooling tower for cooling;

[0022] S4, monitor whether the temperature in the water tank meets the preset requirements according to the temperature sensor on the water tank; if not, continue to cool down; if yes, start the first circulation pump to transport the deionized water in the water tank to the horizontal pipe; adjust the flow rate and pressure of the water supply pipe to the preset target by controlling the speed of the first circulation pump and the first valve on the water supply pipe;

[0023] S5, obtaining pressure data of each branch according to the pressure sensor on each branch, switching the branch through the ball valve on each branch, and controlling the pressure of the water cooling channel through the flow regulating valve, so that the flow and pressure of each water cooling channel meet the preset requirements;

[0024] S6, when the cooling water in the branch returns to the water tank, repeat steps S1 to S5.

[0025] Furthermore, the above method also includes:

[0026] The average temperature rise of the cooling water is calculated and output according to the calculation model, and the calculation model includes: calculating the flow rate of the cooling water according to the corresponding relationship between the preset pressure value, the parameters of the water cooling channel and the flow rate of the cooling water; based on the fact that the magnetic field strength of the stellarator is a preset value, the average temperature rise is calculated according to the corresponding relationship between the heat release power, the water cooling power, the flow rate of the cooling water and the coil parameters of the stellarator.

[0027] In summary, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0028] By designing a water cooling channel inside the module coil wound by the conductor, close contact between the water cooling channel and the module coil is ensured, so that heat can be quickly transferred from the coil to the water cooling channel and effectively absorbed by the cooling water flowing through, so as to achieve rapid cooling. In order to dissipate heat evenly, the system adopts a multi-layer horizontal pipeline layout. These pipelines are located at different heights and surround the outside of the stellarator coil. Through the design of two water inlet pipes (one directly connected to the polar module and the other connected to the circumferential module through multiple branches) and one water outlet pipe, water supply and heat recovery for all modules are realized at the same time. Sensors equipped on each branch monitor temperature, pressure and flow, and monitor heat dissipation efficiency in real time to ensure safety. The water supply system maintains the resistivity of cooling water through a purification device, reduces the water temperature through a cooling device, provides high-quality water source through a deionized water preparation device, and together with the water tank and circulating pump, forms a closed-loop cooling cycle, which not only recovers the cooling water carrying heat and purifies and cools it for reuse, but also ensures that each coil in the stellarator can be dissipated in a timely and safe manner through precise control. The operating efficiency and stability of the stellarator device have been improved, effectively extending the service life of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a water cooling device for a 1T quasi-annular symmetrical stellarator provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stellarator coil in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the branch in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 The present invention provides a flow chart of a water cooling device.

[0033] Icons: 1. Stellarator coil; 11. Pole module; 12. Circumferential module; 13. Module coil; 2. Horizontal pipeline; 21. Exhaust valve; 22. Bypass valve; 23. Branch; 24. First water inlet pipeline; 25. Water outlet pipeline; 26. Second water inlet pipeline; 3. Cooling device; 31. Cooling tower; 32. Heat exchanger; 33. Second circulation pump; 34. Third circulation pump; 4. Water tank; 5. Deionized water preparation machine; 6. Online deionization equipment; 7. First circulation pump; 8. Water supply pipeline; 9. Return pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0035] The following reference Figures 1 to 4 The present invention is described in further detail.

[0036] A water cooling device for a 1T quasi-annular symmetric stellarator provided in an embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0037] The stellarator coil 1 is mainly composed of two poloidal modules 11 and multiple circumferential modules 12. Each poloidal module 11 and circumferential module 12 includes a module coil 13 wound by a shell and a conductor. The module coil 13 is arranged in the shell, and a water cooling channel for accommodating cooling water is defined in the conductor. Among them, the module coil 13 is the source of the magnetic field, and an electric current is passed through it to form the required magnetic field environment. The water cooling channel is responsible for effectively transporting the heat generated by the coil during operation to the cooling water. The cooling water conducts the heat generated by the coil by flowing. In order to ensure the efficiency and safety of heat exchange, deionized water is used as cooling water. The non-conductive property of deionized water is used to avoid short circuit problems and ensure the effective transfer of heat. This design enables the stellarator coil 1 to maintain stable performance and temperature under long-term and high-intensity working conditions, thereby extending the service life and reliability of the equipment.

[0038] Horizontal pipeline 2, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, multiple horizontal pipes 2 are respectively arranged at different heights, surrounding the outside of the stellarator coil 1, forming a multi-level cooling network layer. Each horizontal pipe 2 includes two water inlet pipes and one water outlet pipe 25, each of which is arc-shaped to better cover each coil, so that the cooling water can be evenly distributed to each module. The water inlet pipes at different heights are interconnected, and the water outlet pipes 25 at different heights are interconnected, forming a circulation system for coil cooling in the stellarator. Specifically, one water inlet pipe of each horizontal pipe 2 is connected to the input end of the water cooling channel in the polar module 11, and the other water inlet pipe is connected to the input end of the water cooling channel in the circumferential module 12 through multiple branches 23, and the output end of each water cooling channel is connected to the water outlet pipe 25. Such a layout ensures that the cooling water can fully cover each module and achieve a uniform cooling effect. At the same time, each branch 23 is provided with a plurality of sensors for real-time monitoring of the temperature, pressure and flow of the branch 23, so as to monitor in real time and timely adjust the supply amount and flow rate of cooling water to ensure the best cooling effect.

[0039] The water supply system includes a purification device, a cooling device 3, a deionized water preparation device, a water tank 4 and a first circulation pump 7; the purification device is connected to the water tank 4, and its main function is to ensure that the resistivity of the cooling water in the water tank 4 is within a preset range to prevent the deterioration of water quality from corroding the coil or affecting the heat exchange efficiency. The cooling device 3 is connected to the water tank 4 and is responsible for continuously cooling the cooling water in the water tank 4 to ensure that the cooling water is always kept at a lower temperature level to improve the efficiency of heat exchange.

[0040] The deionized water preparation device is connected to the water tank 4 and is responsible for providing deionized water to the water tank 4 to eliminate the influence of ionic impurities in the water on the performance of the coil. The water tank 4 is connected to the water inlet pipe through the first circulation pump 7, and the cooling water in the water tank 4 is input into the water cooling channel through the first circulation pump 7 to cool each coil. The water outlet pipe 25 is connected to the water tank 4 and is responsible for recycling the cooling water carrying heat into the water tank 4 to form a complete circulation loop. The utilization rate of cooling water is improved, and the stability and reliability of the entire water cooling system are also ensured.

[0041] Furthermore, in the same horizontal pipeline 2, the outlet pipe 25 is arranged between the two inlet pipes. Specifically, the outlet pipe 25 is arranged between the two inlet pipes to optimize the mixing and distribution of the fluid. When the two inlet pipes flow to the outlet pipe 25 respectively, the water flows meet and mix in the outlet pipe 25, which helps to achieve a more uniform flow distribution. This layout helps to reduce turbulence and eddy currents in the water flow and improve the stability and efficiency of fluid transmission.

[0042] In addition, the horizontal pipe 2 includes a first water inlet pipe 24 arranged on the inner side and a second water inlet pipe 26 arranged on the outer side, and the length of the first water inlet pipe 24 is greater than that of the second water inlet pipe 26. Specifically, since the number of the annular modules 12 is large and the space occupied is large, the length of the first water inlet pipe 24 is set longer to facilitate connecting more module coils 13 of the annular modules 12. The polar modules 11 are only at the top and bottom, and the number is small, so a shorter second water inlet pipe 26 is used, and the branches 23 thereon are installed upward to avoid entanglement between the branches 23.

[0043] Furthermore, the second water inlet pipe 26 is connected to the water outlet pipe 25 through a bypass valve 22, and an exhaust valve 21 is provided on the first water inlet pipe 24, the second water inlet pipe 26 and the water outlet pipe 25. Among them, the bypass valve 22 is provided to assist in regulating the flow in the horizontal pipe 2. At the same time, when the water supply pipe 8 needs to be closed due to maintenance, overhaul or failure, the bypass valve 22 is controlled to open and close, thereby avoiding system interruption. Thereby ensuring the continuity and reliability of the pipeline system at critical moments. The exhaust valve 21 is mainly used to remove gas from the pipeline system, especially when the fluid starts to flow or the system starts. The presence of gas in the pipeline will hinder the normal flow of the fluid, reduce the system efficiency, and even cause equipment damage. The exhaust valve 21 can automatically or manually remove the gas in the pipeline during the flow of the fluid to ensure that the fluid passes through the pipeline smoothly and unimpeded. Improve the efficiency of fluid transmission and reduce energy consumption losses and safety hazards caused by the presence of gas.

[0044] Furthermore, the cooling device 3, as a cooling device of the entire water cooling system, is intended to conduct and dissipate the heat generated by the stellarator coil 1 to ensure stable operation of the coil. It includes a cooling tower 31, a heat exchanger 32, a second circulation pump 33 and a third circulation pump 34; the heat exchanger 32 is connected to the water tank 4 through a first loop pipe, and a second circulation pump 33 is provided on the first loop pipe; the heat exchanger 32 is connected to the cooling tower 31 through a second loop pipe, and a third circulation pump 34 is provided on the second loop pipe; the second circulation pump 33 drives the cooling water to carry the heat into the heat exchanger 32, the heat exchanger 32 exchanges the heat to the second loop pipe, and the third circulation pump 34 drives the cooling water to carry the heat to the cooling tower 31 for cooling.

[0045] Among them, the heat exchanger 32 is an important bridge connecting the cooling tower 31 and the water tank 4. It operates on the counter-flow principle, that is, the high-temperature cooling water (from the water tank 4) is driven by the second circulation pump 33 and flows in the opposite direction with the low-temperature cooling water (from the cooling tower 31) in the heat exchanger 32 to achieve efficient heat exchange. In this way, the hot water from the water tank 4 can be cooled down quickly, while the cold water from the cooling tower 31 absorbs heat and its temperature rises, preparing for the next cycle.

[0046] The cooling tower 31 is the heat dissipation terminal in the entire cooling cycle. It uses the heat exchange principle between air and water to evenly distribute the cooling water carrying heat to the packing layer through the spray system, so that it can fully contact with the air and dissipate heat, thereby reducing the water temperature. The third circulation pump 34 is responsible for driving the cooling water to circulate between the heat exchanger 32 and the cooling tower 31 to ensure that the heat can be continuously transferred to the environment.

[0047] Furthermore, the deionized water preparation device includes an online deionization device 6 and a deionized water preparation machine 5; the online deionization device 6 is connected to the water tank 4, and is used to adsorb ions of the cooling water in the water tank 4 to increase the resistivity of the cooling water; the input end of the deionized water preparation machine 5 is connected to an external water source, and the output end is connected to the water tank 4, and is used to convert the external water source into deionized water and replenish the water tank 4 with deionized water.

[0048] Furthermore, the water tank 4 is connected to the lowest water inlet pipe through the water supply pipe 8, and the lowest water outlet pipe 25 is connected to the water tank 4 through the return pipe 9. Specifically, injecting from the lowest point can ensure that the cooling water can be more evenly distributed throughout the system. When water is filled from a low point, it will naturally flow to a high point, which can reduce bubbles and dead corners in the system, thereby improving cooling efficiency.

[0049] In the embodiment of the present invention, a water cooling channel is designed inside the module coil 13 wound by a conductor, ensuring close contact between the water cooling channel and the module coil 13, thereby allowing heat to be quickly conducted from the coil to the water cooling channel and effectively absorbed by the cooling water flowing through, thereby achieving rapid cooling. At the same time, in order to dissipate heat evenly, the system adopts a multi-layer horizontal pipeline 2 layout, which is located at different heights and surrounds the outer side of the stellarator coil 1. Through the design of two water inlet pipes and one water outlet pipe 25, water supply and heat recovery for all modules are achieved at the same time. The sensors equipped on each branch 23 monitor the temperature, pressure and flow, and monitor the heat dissipation efficiency in real time to ensure safety. The water supply system maintains the resistivity of the cooling water through a purification device, reduces the water temperature through a cooling device 3, provides a high-quality water source through a deionized water preparation device, and together with a water tank 4 and a circulating pump, forms a closed-loop cooling cycle, which not only recovers the cooling water carrying heat and purifies and cools it for reuse, but also ensures that each coil in the stellarator can be timely and safely dissipated through precise control. The operating efficiency and stability of the stellarator device have been improved, effectively extending the service life of the equipment.

[0050] Based on the same inventive concept, Figure 4 As shown, the present invention provides a control method for a water cooling device, which is applied to a water cooling device of a 1T quasi-annular symmetric stellarator, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0051] S1, start the deionized water preparation device to convert the external water source (such as tap water) into deionized water, and transmit it to the water tank 4.

[0052] S2, using a resistivity detector to continuously detect the cooling water in the water tank 4, if the detection value of the resistivity detector is lower than 5MΩ·cm, start the filter device to continuously purify the cooling water in the water tank 4 until the detection value of the resistivity detector reaches a preset threshold. Specifically, in the startup phase, the resistivity detector must first detect the resistivity, and when it is found that the resistivity in the water tank 4 cannot meet the cooling requirements of the modular coil, the filter device (i.e., the resin tank and the filter) is used to increase the resistivity of the cooling water, thereby preventing the cooling water with too many impurities from entering the modular coil and ensuring the cooling effect of the modular coil.

[0053] S3, start the second circulation pump 33 and the third circulation pump 34, the second circulation pump 33 inputs the cooling water in the water tank 4 into the heat exchanger 32, after the heat exchanger 32 exchanges the heat in the first loop pipeline to the second loop pipeline, the cooling water returns to the water tank 4; the third circulation pump 34 drives the cooling water in the second loop to carry the heat to the cooling tower 31 for cooling.

[0054] S4, monitor whether the temperature in the water tank 4 meets the preset requirements according to the temperature sensor on the water tank 4; if not, continue to cool down; if so, start the first circulation pump 7 to transport the deionized water in the water tank 4 to the horizontal pipe 2; by controlling the rotation speed of the first circulation pump 7 and the first valve on the water supply pipe 8, adjust the flow and pressure of the water supply pipe 8 to the preset target.

[0055] S5, obtaining pressure data of each branch 23 according to the pressure sensor on each branch 23, opening and closing the branch 23 through the ball valve on each branch 23, and controlling the pressure and flow of the water cooling channel through the flow regulating valve, so that the flow and pressure of each water cooling channel meet the preset requirements. Specifically, Figure 3As shown, on the branch 23, the inlet of the water cooling channel (i.e., the inlet of the module coil 13) is provided with a first ball valve 231, a flow regulating valve 232 and a pressure sensor 233, and the outlet of the water cooling channel is provided with a temperature sensor 234, a flow sensor 235 and a second ball valve 236. In order to accurately control and monitor the flow of cooling water, this embodiment adopts precise adjustment of each modular coil. Specifically, at the water inlet of each coil, i.e., the inlet of the branch 23, the system is installed with a first ball valve 231, a flow regulating valve 232 and a pressure sensor 233. The main function of the first ball valve 231 and the flow regulating valve 232 is to adjust the flow of cooling water entering the coil to ensure that the coil is properly cooled. By adjusting these valves, the flow rate of the water flow can be controlled, thereby affecting the cooling effect of the coil. The pressure sensor 233 is used to monitor the pressure value at the inlet of the water cooling channel, which is a key parameter because the flow rate of water is directly related to the pressure, and the magnitude of the pressure is also related to the safe operation of the system. If the pressure is too high, damage may occur to the coils or pipes; if the pressure is too low, it may result in poor cooling.

[0056] At the outlet of the water cooling channel, i.e. the water outlet of the branch 23, a temperature sensor 234, a flow sensor 235 and a second ball valve 236 are arranged. The temperature sensor 234 is responsible for monitoring the temperature of the water outlet, which is a direct indicator for evaluating the cooling effect of the coil. The flow sensor 235 is used to measure the actual water flow velocity to ensure that the flow meets the design requirements. The second ball valve 236 also serves to adjust the flow, and works in conjunction with the first ball valve 231 at the inlet to ensure the flow balance and control of the entire cooling system.

[0057] S6, when the cooling water in the branch 23 returns to the water tank 4, repeat steps S1 to S5. That is, when the cooling water in the branch 23 carries heat back to the water tank 4, the steps of removing impurities and cooling are repeated again, so that the cooling water is circulated.

[0058] It should be noted that for data detection and control of each sensor, the control cabinet and the sensor can be directly connected, or the central control system can be used to remotely control the control cabinet, so that the staff can remotely obtain detection information and alarm information, ensuring the safe operation of the stellarator.

[0059] Furthermore, the above method also includes:

[0060] The average temperature rise of the cooling water is calculated and output according to the calculation model, and the calculation model includes: calculating the flow rate of the cooling water according to the corresponding relationship between the preset pressure value, the parameters of the water cooling channel and the flow rate of the cooling water; based on the fact that the magnetic field strength of the stellarator is a preset value, the average temperature rise is calculated according to the corresponding relationship between the heat release power, the water cooling power, the flow rate of the cooling water and the coil parameters of the stellarator.

[0061] Specifically, under 1T discharge conditions, due to the excessive heat generation power, pulse discharge is selected with a discharge time of 2 seconds. In order to improve the efficiency of the experiment, shorten the total discharge cycle, and comprehensively consider the economic cost, the flow rate of cooling water at different discharge cycles (300s, 450s, 600s) under a pressure drop of 2MPa is theoretically calculated to see whether it can meet the requirement that the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the cooling water does not exceed 60K. The specific process is as follows:

[0062] The pressure change at the cooling inlet and outlet is calculated by the following Hazen-Williams formula:

[0063]

[0064] in, is the pressure head loss (m), L is the length of a cooling pipe (m), Q is the flow rate in the pipe (m 3 / s), C is the roughness coefficient (Hazen-Williams coefficient = 100~200), D is the inner diameter of the tube (m). Gravitational acceleration g = 9.8m / s 2 , water density = 996kg / m 3 , is the pressure drop (Pa), A is the cross section of the cooling hole (m 2 ), u is the flow rate (m / s). Considering the economic and cost benefits, the pressure drop is selected as 2MPa, so the water flow rate in different pipes is shown in Table 1:

[0065] Table 1 Water flow velocity in different pipes when the pressure drop is 2 MPa

[0066]

[0067] From the heat equation we get:

[0068]

[0069] is the heat release power, in W; is the water cooling power. j is the current density, in A / mm 2 ; is the resistivity, in units of . L is the length of the wire (m), is the cross-sectional area of ​​the conductor (m 2 ) The quasi-annular symmetric stellarator 1T requires water cooling for steady-state operation, and its discharge current is 4340 A. Common conductor parameters, conductor resistivity , the cross-sectional area of ​​the wire is 59.69 m 2, the length of the wire is about 100m. So when the magnetic field strength is 1T, the heat release power of the wire is 544.020KW, the heat in one pulse discharge cycle is 1088.040kj, and one discharge cycle is 300s, 450s, 600s. According to the heat released by the wire is equal to the heat absorbed by the cooling water, the steady-state operation mode of 1T magnetic field strength has:

[0070]

[0071] Where, u is the water velocity in m / s; is the density of water, in kg / m3; r is the radius of the pipe, in m; is the heat generated by a single pulse (J), is the discharge cycle (s) is the specific heat capacity of water (=4186 J / kg K), the unit is J / (kg K); is the average temperature difference between inlet and outlet water flows, in K.

[0072] The average temperature rise of cooling water is calculated by the following formula:

[0073]

[0074] in, is the flow rate in the pipe (m 3 / s).

[0075] Using the above formula, one pulse cycle is 300s, 450s, and 600s. The cooling parameters and operating conditions of the modular coil (MC) and poloidal field coil (PFC) are shown in Tables 2 to 4:

[0076] Table 2 Average water temperature rise in different pipes when the discharge cycle is 300s

[0077]

[0078] Table 3 Average water temperature rise in different pipes when the discharge cycle is 450s

[0079]

[0080] Table 4 Average water temperature rise in different pipes when the discharge cycle is 600s

[0081]

[0082] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water cooling device for a 1T quasi-annular symmetric stellarator, characterized in that: include: A stellarator coil, the stellarator coil comprising two poloidal modules and a plurality of circumferential modules, each of the poloidal modules and the circumferential modules comprising a module coil wound by a shell and a conductor, the module coil being arranged in the shell, and a water cooling channel for accommodating cooling water being defined in the conductor; Horizontal pipelines, multiple horizontal pipelines are respectively arranged at different heights, surrounding the outside of the stellarator coil; each of the horizontal pipelines comprises two water inlet pipelines and one water outlet pipeline; the water inlet pipelines at different heights are interconnected, and the water outlet pipelines at different heights are interconnected; one water inlet pipeline of each horizontal pipeline is connected to the input end of the water cooling channel in the poloidal module, and the other water inlet pipeline is connected to the input end of the water cooling channel in the circumferential module through multiple branches; the output end of each water cooling channel is connected to the water outlet pipeline; each branch is provided with multiple sensors for detecting the temperature, pressure and flow of the branch; A water supply system comprises a purification device, a cooling device, a deionized water preparation device, a water tank and a first circulation pump; the purification device is connected to the water tank to ensure that the resistivity of the cooling water in the water tank is within a preset range; the cooling device is connected to the water tank to continuously cool the cooling water in the water tank; the deionized water preparation device is connected to the water tank to provide deionized water to the water tank, the water tank is connected to the water inlet pipe through the first circulation pump, and the cooling water in the water tank is input into the water cooling channel through the first circulation pump; the water outlet pipe is connected to the water tank to recycle the cooling water carrying heat into the water tank.

2. The water cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe is arc-shaped.

3. The water cooling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the same horizontal pipeline, the water outlet pipeline is arranged between the two water inlet pipelines.

4. The water cooling device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The horizontal pipe includes a first water inlet pipe arranged on the inner side and a second water inlet pipe arranged on the outer side, and the length of the first water inlet pipe is greater than that of the second water inlet pipe.

5. The water cooling device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second water inlet pipe is connected to the water outlet pipe through a bypass valve, and the first water inlet pipe, the second water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are all provided with an exhaust valve.

6. The water cooling device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The cooling device includes a cooling tower, a heat exchanger, a second circulation pump and a third circulation pump; the heat exchanger is connected to the water tank through a first loop pipe, and the first loop pipe is provided with a second circulation pump; the heat exchanger is connected to the cooling tower through a second loop pipe, and the second loop pipe is provided with a third circulation pump; the second circulation pump drives cooling water to carry heat into the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger exchanges the heat to the second loop pipe, and the third circulation pump drives the cooling water to carry the heat to the cooling tower for cooling.

7. The water cooling device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The deionized water preparation device includes an online deionization device and a deionized water preparation machine; the online deionization device is connected to the water tank and is used to adsorb ions of the cooling water in the water tank to increase the resistivity of the cooling water; the input end of the deionized water preparation machine is connected to an external water source, and the output end is connected to the water tank, and is used to convert the external water source into deionized water and replenish the deionized water to the water tank.

8. The water cooling device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The water tank is connected to the water inlet pipe with the lowest height through a water supply pipe, and the water outlet pipe with the lowest height is connected to the water tank through a return pipe.

9. A method for controlling a water cooling device, characterized in that: Applied to the water cooling device according to any one of claims 6 to 8, the method comprises the following steps: S1, starting the deionized water preparation device to convert an external water source into deionized water, and transmitting the deionized water to the water tank; S2, using a resistivity detector disposed on the water tank to continuously detect the cooling water in the water tank, if the detection value of the resistivity detector is lower than a preset threshold, turning on a filtering device to continuously purify the cooling water in the water tank until the detection value of the resistivity detector reaches the preset threshold; S3, starting the second circulation pump and the third circulation pump, the second circulation pump inputs the cooling water in the water tank into the heat exchanger, after the heat exchanger exchanges the heat in the first loop pipeline to the second loop pipeline, the cooling water returns to the water tank; the third circulation pump drives the cooling water in the second loop to carry the heat to the cooling tower for cooling; S4, monitoring whether the temperature in the water tank meets the preset requirements according to the temperature sensor on the water tank; if not, continuing to cool down; if yes, starting the first circulation pump to transport the deionized water in the water tank to the horizontal pipe; adjusting the flow rate and pressure of the water supply pipe to the preset target by controlling the speed of the first circulation pump and the first valve on the water supply pipe; S5, obtaining pressure data of each branch according to the pressure sensor on each branch, switching the branch through the ball valve on each branch, and controlling the pressure of the water cooling channel through the flow regulating valve, so that the flow and pressure of each water cooling channel meet the preset requirements; S6, when the cooling water in the branch returns to the water tank, repeat steps S1 to S5.

10. The control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method further comprises: The average temperature rise of cooling water is calculated and output according to a calculation model, and the calculation model includes: calculating the flow rate of cooling water according to the corresponding relationship among preset pressure value, parameters of water cooling channel and flow rate of cooling water; and calculating the average temperature rise according to the corresponding relationship among heat release power, water cooling power, flow rate of cooling water and parameters of stellarator when the running magnetic field strength of stellarator is a preset value.

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