Extrusion vibration type root-soil separation method and device
By performing preliminary jitter and wetting treatment in the extrusion vibration root soil separation method, combined with mechanical separation of the extrusion vibration device, the problems of low separation efficiency and root damage in the prior art are solved, and efficient and fine root soil are achieved Separation and resource recycling.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411752604.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-02
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-14
AI Technical Summary
The existing extrusion vibration root soil separation method has low separation efficiency and is prone to damage the root system.
By digging the plant roots and performing preliminary jitter separation, wetting the soil with a sealed box, water is filtered through a screen, and then mechanically separated and cleaned in an extruded vibrating root soil separation device, and finally mechanically dripping to improve efficiency and reduce Damage to root system.
The efficiency and accuracy of root and soil separation are improved, damage to plant roots is reduced, and the resource reuse is achieved through the recycling of soil resources.
Smart Images
Figure CN119302140A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of root-soil separation, and in particular, relates to an extrusion-vibration type root-soil separation method and device. Background Art
[0002] Root-soil separation is an important process in agricultural production, especially in the fields of seedling cultivation, horticultural production and plant research. Accurately and effectively removing the attached soil on the plant roots not only helps the growth and development of plants, but also improves the utilization efficiency of soil resources. In the traditional root-soil separation process, common methods include manual stripping, simple mechanical vibration, soaking and manual screening. Most of these methods rely on manual operation, which is inefficient and may cause damage to the plant roots, affecting their later growth. With the advancement of agricultural modernization and mechanization, a variety of automated and mechanized root-soil separation technologies have emerged. Among them, the extrusion vibration root-soil separation device, as a new type of equipment, has gradually been widely used.
[0003] The extrusion vibration root-soil separation device combines the two physical principles of extrusion and vibration. Its working principle mainly achieves the separation of roots and soil through two key steps: one is to physically squeeze out the soil on the root system through extrusion, and the other is to effectively separate the soil from the root system through vibration, with the help of the relative movement of the materials and the screening effect. The core components of the equipment include extrusion rollers and vibrating screens. The extrusion roller generates a certain pressure through rotation, so that the soil on the root system gradually separates; while the vibrating screen uses high-speed vibration to further separate the separated soil from the plant root system and discharge the soil. The advantage of the extrusion vibration device is that it can efficiently and evenly process a large number of roots while minimizing damage to the plant root system.
[0004] The existing extrusion vibration root-soil separation method has low separation efficiency and is likely to cause damage to the root system. Summary of the invention
[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides an extrusion vibration type root-soil separation method and device, which can solve the problems of low separation efficiency and easy damage to the root system in the existing extrusion vibration type root-soil separation method.
[0006] The present invention is achieved in that:
[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides an extrusion vibration root-soil separation method, which comprises the following specific steps:
[0008] S10: Dig out the roots of the plants and initially separate the soil on the roots by shaking;
[0009] S20: placing the soil in a sealed box, adding pure water into the box through the upper port, and making a swing with an amplitude of less than 20° along the vertical center axis of the sealed box to moisten the soil carried by the roots, so as to reduce the bonding force between the roots and soil particles in the soil;
[0010] S30: After 1-2h, the roots are passed through a sieve to filter water;
[0011] S40: placing the filtered root system into an extrusion vibration root-soil separation device to separate the soil root system, and then washing and mechanically drying the root system;
[0012] S50: The separated soil is recycled and the cleaned roots are centrally stored.
[0013] The technical effects of an extrusion vibration root-soil separation method provided by the present invention are as follows: First, by carefully digging the plant root system, try to avoid damaging the roots. Then, by shaking, the plant roots are initially separated from the surrounding soil. Shaking is usually a slight vibration or shaking that helps loosen the soil around the roots so that it is no longer tightly attached to the roots. This preliminary separation can reduce the adhesion between the roots and the soil, laying the foundation for a subsequent more sophisticated separation process. Through shaking, most of the loose soil can be removed, reducing the workload of subsequent steps and improving overall efficiency.
[0014] At this stage, the collected soil is placed in a sealed box and pure water is added through the upper port. The purpose of the water flow is to moisten the soil and help soften the soil particles. The sealed box is then slightly swung along its vertical center axis (with an amplitude of less than 20°) to reduce the adhesion between the soil particles and the roots through the action of water and vibration. Wet soil will reduce the adhesion, and water can penetrate between soil particles, reducing the viscosity of the soil and making it easier for the roots to separate from the soil. The slight swing further helps to evenly distribute the water and promote the separation of the soil and the roots without causing excessive physical pressure on the roots.
[0015] After 1-2 hours of wetting and vibration, the effect of separating the soil and the roots has been initially completed. Next, the roots are placed through the screen to filter out the water. The purpose of this process is to remove excess water and ensure that the roots are not over-soaked. Through the screen, the water can be efficiently drained while retaining the roots. This operation helps to reduce the water burden on the roots in subsequent operations and prevent excessive water from causing root rot or damage.
[0016] The filtered roots are transferred to the extrusion vibration root-soil separation device. This device further separates the roots from the soil through mechanical vibration and extrusion. Vibration will help the soil particles on the roots to further fall off, and mechanical extrusion will help remove the soil particles that are more tightly attached. After separation, the roots will be washed to remove the remaining fine soil particles, and finally the water on the surface of the roots will be removed by mechanical drying. The extrusion and vibration treatment at this stage achieves efficient soil separation through mechanized means. The fine control of the equipment can remove the soil attached to the roots to the greatest extent while avoiding damage to the roots. The drying process helps to quickly remove the water on the roots, prevent excessive moisture from causing root rot, and provide convenience for subsequent storage and transportation.
[0017] The separated soil is recycled and the cleaned roots are stored centrally. Useful components in the soil (such as fertilizers and soil particles) are recycled through the screening and recycling system. The cleaned roots will be stored in a suitable environment to keep them healthy for subsequent cultivation or research. Recycling soil helps reuse resources and reduce waste. At the same time, centralized storage of cleaned roots can effectively preserve the integrity of the plants and prepare for subsequent cultivation, reproduction or other research purposes. A proper storage environment can ensure that the roots will not be damaged during transportation and storage.
[0018] On the basis of the above technical solution, the extrusion vibration root-soil separation method of the present invention can also be improved as follows:
[0019] The specific structure of the sealed box includes a box body, a filter screen, a swing assembly and a water inlet assembly. The side wall and the bottom wall of the box body are planar structures, and the filter screen is arranged at a position near the bottom of the side wall. The filter screen is an arc-shaped structure and is used to filter out excess water. The filter screen is slidably connected to the side wall of the box body, and the swing assembly is arranged at the center of the box body. The swing assembly is used to drive the filter screen to swing left and right. The water inlet assembly is arranged on the top of the box body, and the water inlet assembly is used to evenly add pure water to the inside of the box body.
[0020] The water inlet assembly includes a water inlet, a diffuser and a flow balancing layer. The water inlet is arranged at the top position of the box body, and the diffuser is arranged at the bottom of the water inlet. It is an arc-shaped structure, with the top connected to the water inlet and the bottom connected to the flow balancing layer. A rectifier mesh is arranged between the diffuser and the flow balancing layer. The rectifier mesh is composed of multiple layers of fine metal wire mesh and is used to further eliminate eddy currents and turbulence in the water flow. A guide plate is arranged inside the diffuser. The guide plates are in multiple pieces and are fixedly connected to different positions of the inner wall of the diffuser respectively to form a topological structure. A plurality of water flow holes are arranged at the bottom of the flow balancing layer, and the water flow holes are used to allow evenly distributed pure water to flow into the interior of the box body.
[0021] Furthermore, the filter net includes a plurality of filter holes, the size of which gradually increases along the vertical direction of the box body to prevent the filter holes from being blocked by sediment; the filter holes are evenly distributed on the filter net;
[0022] Aluminum alloy rods are fixed around the filter screen to improve the support force of the filter screen; a slider is provided at the position where the filter screen is connected to the side wall of the box body, and a slide rail is provided at the corresponding position of the box body, and the slide rail cooperates with the slider to limit the sliding range of the filter screen;
[0023] A compression spring is arranged at the connection position between the sliding block and the filter screen.
[0024] Furthermore, the swing assembly includes a swing frame and a driving assembly, the swing frame is L-shaped, one end of which is fixedly connected to the side wall of the filter screen, and the other end is fixedly connected to the driving assembly; the driving assembly includes a motor, a reducer and a crank-connecting rod mechanism, the motor is connected to the crank-connecting rod mechanism to drive it to rotate, and a planetary gear reducer is connected to the shaft connecting the motor and the crank-connecting rod mechanism; the swing frame is connected to the crank-connecting rod mechanism.
[0025] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme are as follows: the plane structure of the side wall and the bottom wall of the box makes the box more stable when placed and is convenient for overall operation or installation. The overall structure helps to increase the durability and deformation resistance of the box. The filter screen is located near the bottom of the side wall of the box and adopts an arc structure. This design can better match the overall curve of the box, avoid interference with the water flow during the filtration process, and at the same time improve the contact area and filtration efficiency of the filter screen. The aperture size of the filter screen gradually increases and is designed along the vertical direction of the box, which can prevent sediment or other larger particles from clogging the filter screen with a smaller aperture, thereby improving the filtration effect and continuous service life. Aluminum alloy rods are fixed around the filter screen to increase the supporting force, so that the filter screen is not easy to deform during use and maintains long-term effective filtration performance. The sliding connection and slide rail design enable the filter screen to be maintained or cleaned when necessary, and the compression spring of the sliding device can provide a certain pressure to help the filter screen seal and prevent water leakage.
[0026] The function of the swing assembly is to drive the filter to swing left and right, ensuring that the filter works evenly and effectively during the filtering process. This helps to improve the filtering efficiency and prevent the filter from accumulating too many impurities due to being stationary, thereby increasing the service life of the filter. The swing frame is an L-shaped structure, which can stably drive the filter to swing effectively with the help of the drive assembly, reduce the local pressure of the filter, and avoid local blockage. The swing assembly uses a motor, a reducer and a crank-connecting rod mechanism as a drive. The motor drives the rotation of the crank-connecting rod mechanism to ensure that the swing assembly moves smoothly and continuously. The reducer and the planetary gear reduction device can effectively adjust the speed, ensure the smoothness and continuity of the swinging action, and avoid structural damage or excessive friction caused by too fast swinging.
[0027] The water inlet assembly includes a water inlet, a diffuser, a flow-balancing layer and a rectifier network, which are mainly used to transport pure water into the box evenly and stably.
[0028] Water inlet and diffuser: The water inlet is set at the top of the box, and the diffuser is a flat cylindrical shape, which can effectively disperse the water flow of the incoming water flow and reduce the direct impact of the water flow on the water inside the box. The bottom of the diffuser is connected to the flow balancing layer, which plays a role in regulating the water flow and ensuring the uniform distribution of the water flow inside the box.
[0029] The rectifier mesh is composed of multiple layers of fine metal wire mesh, which is used to eliminate eddies and turbulence in the water flow, ensure smoother water inflow, and reduce the disturbance of the water flow to the internal water body. This is crucial for maintaining water quality and uniformity. The guide plate set inside the diffuser helps to further divert and guide the flow of water, avoid dead corners or uneven distribution of water flow, ensure that the water flow enters the box more evenly, and reduce the situation where the local water flow is too large or too small. The design of the flow layer ensures that the water flow can be evenly distributed inside the box, and the design of the water flow hole allows the water to enter the interior evenly, avoiding uneven water flow and poor filtering effect. The slide rail and slider mechanism allow the filter to slide freely inside the box, while limiting the sliding range of the filter to prevent it from exceeding the normal working area. The design of the compression spring can generate a certain elastic force at the connection between the slider and the filter, helping the filter to maintain a suitable seal during operation and prevent water from leaking through the gap.
[0030] The second aspect of the present invention provides an extrusion-vibration root-soil separation device, which includes a frame, an extrusion and a vibration plate. The frame is a rectangular frame structure, which is welded from high-strength steel plates and is used to support the entire device and maintain stability; the extrusion and the vibration plate are sequentially arranged inside the frame, the extrusion is used to extrude the root-soil mixture, and the vibration plate is used to further screen the root-soil mixture by vibration; the vibration plate is abutted against the frame and connected by a connecting piece, which is used to reserve the vibration range of the vibration plate and reduce vibration noise;
[0031] The extrusion component includes a feed hopper, an extrusion cavity and an extrusion roller. The feed hopper is fixed at the top center position of the frame. The four sides of the extrusion cavity are fixedly connected to the frame, and the top center position corresponds to the bottom opening position of the feed hopper. The extrusion roller is arranged inside the extrusion cavity, and is used to separate the roots from the soil by rotating extrusion. Soil collection boxes are provided at positions corresponding to the extrusion rollers on both sides of the frame, and the soil collection boxes are used to collect soil squeezed by the extrusion rollers.
[0032] The technical effects of the extrusion vibration root-soil separation device provided by the present invention are as follows: the frame is a rectangular frame structure, which is welded from high-strength steel plates; it supports the entire device and ensures its stability. The use of high-strength steel plates ensures that the frame can withstand the load and vibration generated by the equipment during operation, while avoiding deformation due to long-term use or external forces. The rectangular frame structure has good strength and stability in design, which helps to improve the service life and work efficiency of the equipment.
[0033] On the basis of the above technical solution, the extrusion vibration root-soil separation device of the present invention can also be improved as follows:
[0034] Furthermore, the squeezing roller is connected to the frame via a rotating shaft, one side of the rotating shaft is connected to a motor, and the motor is used to drive the rotating shaft to rotate and cause the squeezing roller to rotate; the squeezing rollers include two, which are arranged in the same horizontal plane, and the rotation directions of the two squeezing rollers are opposite; an extrusion groove is fixed on the side wall of the squeezing roller, and the extrusion groove is an arc structure, which is used to scrape off the soil carried by the root system; the opening direction of the extrusion groove is toward the rotation direction.
[0035] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme are as follows: the feed hopper is located at the top center of the frame, adopts a funnel structure, and is provided with a spiral channel inside, which drives the root system to move toward the extrusion cavity through the belt member. The feed hopper design enables the root-soil mixture to be smoothly introduced into the extrusion cavity. The combination of the spiral channel and the belt member enhances the efficiency of conveying the root system into the cavity, and the protrusions on the belt member increase the friction with the material, ensuring that the root system can be smoothly delivered into the extrusion area to avoid material accumulation or blockage.
[0036] The extrusion chamber is fixedly connected to the frame on all sides, and two counter-rotating extrusion rollers are installed in the chamber. The fixed design of the extrusion chamber ensures that the equipment is not easily displaced during operation and has strong stability. The extrusion roller separates the root-soil mixture through the extrusion force generated by rotation. The two extrusion rollers rotating in opposite directions ensure that the root-soil mixture can be evenly extruded inside the chamber, further improving the efficiency of root-soil separation. The arc-shaped design of the extrusion trough matches the shape of the root system, which can more effectively scrape off the soil attached to the surface of the root system. The soil collection box is set on both sides of the extrusion roller to collect the soil separated after extrusion. The soil collection box can effectively collect and separate the soil stripped off during the extrusion process to prevent the soil from mixing into the root system again, thereby improving the cleanliness and efficiency of root-soil separation. The arc-shaped structure design enables it to better cooperate with the extrusion trough and effectively divert the soil.
[0037] The squeezing roller is connected to the motor through a rotating shaft, and the motor drives the rotating shaft to drive the squeezing roller to rotate. There are two squeezing rollers, and they rotate in opposite directions. The motor drive system can provide a stable power source to ensure that the squeezing rollers can rotate continuously and maintain a sufficient speed during work. The two squeezing rollers rotating in opposite directions can produce a more uniform and stronger squeezing effect on the root-soil mixture, thereby improving the separation efficiency.
[0038] Furthermore, the vibration disk is a square structure with a screen at the bottom. The center position is connected to the bottom support of the box body through a support rod. An exciter assembly is arranged at the position where the support rod is connected to the vibration disk. The exciter assembly includes an excitation motor and an eccentric block. The excitation motor is fixed at the center of the bottom of the vibration disk. One end of the eccentric block is connected to the vibration disk, and the other end is connected to the excitation motor, so as to drive the vibration disk to perform directional circular vibration under the drive of the excitation motor; a plurality of spring shock absorbers are also arranged between the vibration disk and the bottom of the box body, which are evenly distributed at the bottom of the vibration disk, so as to support the vibration disk and absorb vibration energy; the excitation motor is a horizontal vibration motor, and the eccentric block is composed of two eccentric mass blocks, which are respectively installed at the two ends of the rotating shaft of the excitation motor, and are used to change the vibration direction and amplitude of the vibration disk by adjusting the phase difference between the two eccentric mass blocks.
[0039] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme are as follows: the vibration plate has a square structure, a screen is set at the bottom, and the center is connected to the bottom of the box through a support rod. The support rod is equipped with a vibrator assembly, and the vibrator assembly includes an exciting motor and an eccentric block. The exciting motor drives the eccentric block to cause the vibration plate to vibrate in a directional circular manner. The vibration plate is used to further screen the root-soil mixture and separate the soil and roots through a vibrating screen. The design of the vibrator assembly can effectively adjust the vibration direction and amplitude of the vibration plate to adapt to different material characteristics and ensure sufficient screening of the material. The spring damper between the vibration plate and the box can effectively reduce the impact of vibration on other components, reduce vibration noise, and improve the overall working stability of the equipment.
[0040] A silicone layer is provided between the vibration plate and the connecting piece, and the connecting piece is an I-shaped structure to form a limit groove. The use of the silicone layer helps to reduce vibration noise, buffer the impact force generated by vibration, reduce mechanical wear, and prevent loosening or damage of components caused by vibration. The design of the limit groove can effectively fix the vibration plate to prevent it from displacement during vibration, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the equipment during operation.
[0041] By adjusting the phase difference of the eccentric block, the vibration direction and amplitude of the vibrating plate can be changed. This design allows the working mode of the vibrating plate to be adjusted according to the different properties of the material, thereby optimizing the screening effect. The use of the shock absorber can effectively absorb the vibration energy, reduce the impact of noise and vibration on the environment and operators during the operation of the equipment, and protect the internal components of the equipment from excessive vibration damage.
[0042] Furthermore, the connecting piece is an I-shaped structure, forming a limiting groove, and is fixed on the side wall where the box body is connected to the vibration disk; and a silicone layer is provided at the position where the connecting piece is connected to the vibration disk.
[0043] Furthermore, the feed hopper is a funnel structure, a spiral channel is arranged inside the funnel, a belt is arranged on the spiral channel, one end of the belt is connected to the motor rolling roller, and the movement of the motor rolling roller drives the root system to move into the extrusion cavity; the spiral channel is arranged obliquely with respect to the side wall of the feed hopper;
[0044] The belt member and the two sides of the spiral channel are limited by grooves, and the belt member is provided with a plurality of protrusions for increasing friction.
[0045] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme are as follows: the inclined design of the spiral channel and the side wall of the feed hopper helps to ensure that the material can flow smoothly into the extrusion cavity. The setting of the belt member increases the material conveying efficiency, especially in large-scale processing, which can increase the conveying speed of the root system and avoid blockage.
[0046] Furthermore, the upper part of the soil collection box is an arc-shaped structure, which cooperates with the arc of the extrusion groove and extends toward the inside of the frame;
[0047] The dimensions of the two squeezing rollers and the two squeezing grooves in the horizontal direction match the lateral dimensions of the box body;
[0048] A silicone layer is arranged on one side of the extrusion groove away from the extrusion roller, and the longitudinal length dimension of the silicone layer is the same as the length dimension of the extrusion roller.
[0049] Compared with the prior art, the extrusion vibration root-soil separation method and device provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0050] The rack is the skeleton of the entire device and has a rectangular frame structure. It is welded from high-strength steel plates and provides a foundation to support the entire device and maintain stability. The stability and strength of the rack are crucial to the operation of the entire device. It can withstand the external forces generated by extrusion and vibration to ensure the long-term stable operation of the equipment.
[0051] The feed hopper is located at the top center of the frame and is funnel-shaped. A spiral channel is provided inside the hopper and a belt is installed. The belt is driven by a motor to help guide the root mixture into the extrusion chamber. The feed hopper is designed to be inclined so that the material can be smoothly transported to the extrusion chamber. The extrusion chamber is a closed chamber that is fixedly connected to the frame on all sides and docked with the bottom opening of the feed hopper at the top. The function of the extrusion chamber is to provide a space for the subsequent extrusion rollers and to maintain the stability of the root-soil mixture during the extrusion process. The extrusion roller is set in the extrusion chamber and usually consists of two symmetrically arranged rotating extrusion rollers that rotate in opposite directions. The extrusion roller separates the roots from the soil by rotating. There are arc-shaped extrusion grooves on the side walls of the extrusion rollers, which are designed to scrape the soil off the roots. The opening direction of the extrusion groove is consistent with the rotation direction, which helps to improve the cleaning effect of the roots. The soil collection box is installed on both sides of the frame, close to the extrusion roller, and is used to collect the soil squeezed by the extrusion roller. The upper part of the soil collection box is an arc-shaped structure, which cooperates with the curvature of the extrusion trough to better collect the soil separated during the extrusion process.
[0052] The vibrating plate is located inside the frame and is mainly responsible for further screening and separation of the root-soil mixture after extrusion. The vibrating plate itself is a square structure with a screen installed at the bottom to screen the soil and roots. The vibration source of the vibrating plate comes from the exciter assembly, including an excitation motor and an eccentric block. The excitation motor is installed at the bottom center of the vibrating plate, driving the eccentric block to make the vibrating plate perform directional circular vibration. By adjusting the phase difference of the eccentric block, the vibration direction and amplitude of the vibrating plate can be adjusted to optimize the separation effect. Several spring shock absorbers are installed between the vibrating plate and the bottom of the box, which are evenly distributed. The purpose is to reduce the impact of vibration on the equipment, reduce vibration noise, and ensure the effectiveness of vibration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0053] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative labor.
[0054] Figure 1 The present invention is an operation flow chart of an extrusion vibration root-soil separation method;
[0055] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a sealing box;
[0056] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the swing assembly;
[0057] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of an extrusion vibration root-soil separation device;
[0058] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows:
[0059] 11. Box body; 12. Filter screen; 13. Swing assembly; 131. Swing frame; 132. Drive assembly; 14. Water inlet assembly; 141. Water inlet; 142. Diffuser; 143. Flow balancing layer; 20. Frame; 30. Extrusion element; 31. Feed hopper; 32. Extrusion cavity; 33. Extrusion roller; 40. Vibration disk; 41. Vibrator assembly; 50. Connector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0060] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
[0061] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the first aspect of the present invention provides an embodiment of an extrusion vibration root-soil separation method. In this embodiment, the following specific steps are included:
[0062] S10: Dig out the roots of the plants and initially separate the soil on the roots by shaking;
[0063] S20: placing the soil in a sealed box, adding pure water into the box through the upper port, and making a swing with an amplitude of less than 20° along the vertical center axis of the sealed box to moisten the soil carried by the roots, so as to reduce the bonding force between the roots and soil particles in the soil;
[0064] S30: After 1-2h, the roots are passed through a sieve to filter water;
[0065] S40: placing the filtered root system into an extrusion vibration root-soil separation device to separate the soil root system, and then washing and mechanically drying the root system;
[0066] S50: The separated soil is recycled and the cleaned roots are centrally stored.
[0067] Among them, in the above technical scheme, the specific structure of the sealed box includes a box body 11, a filter screen 12, a swing assembly 13 and a water inlet assembly 14. The side wall and the bottom wall of the box body 11 are planar structures, and a filter screen 12 is arranged near the bottom of the side wall. The filter screen 12 is an arc-shaped structure for filtering out excess water; the filter screen 12 is slidably connected to the side wall of the box body 11, and a swing assembly 13 is arranged at the center of the box body 11. The swing assembly 13 is used to drive the filter screen 12 to swing left and right; the top of the box body 11 is provided with a water inlet assembly 14, and the water inlet assembly 14 is used to uniformly add pure water to the inside of the box body 11;
[0068] The water inlet assembly 14 includes a water inlet 141, a diffuser 142 and a flow balancing layer 143. The water inlet 141 is arranged at the top position of the box body 11, and the diffuser 142 is arranged at the bottom of the water inlet 141. It is an arc-shaped structure, with the top connected to the water inlet 141 and the bottom connected to the flow balancing layer 143; a rectifier mesh is arranged between the diffuser 142 and the flow balancing layer 143, and the rectifier mesh is composed of multiple layers of fine metal wire mesh, which is used to further eliminate eddy currents and turbulence in the water flow; a guide plate is arranged inside the diffuser 142, and the guide plates are multiple pieces, which are fixedly connected to different positions of the inner wall of the diffuser 142 to form a topological structure; a plurality of water flow holes are arranged at the bottom of the flow balancing layer 143, and the water flow holes are used to flow the evenly distributed pure water into the interior of the box body 11.
[0069] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the filter screen 12 includes a plurality of filter holes, the size of which gradually increases along the vertical direction of the box body 11 to prevent the filter holes from being blocked by sediment; the filter holes are evenly distributed on the filter screen 12;
[0070] Aluminum alloy rods are fixed around the filter 12 to improve the support force of the filter 12; a slider is provided at the position where the filter 12 is connected to the side wall of the box 11, and a slide rail is provided at the corresponding position of the box 11. The slide rail and the slider cooperate with each other to limit the sliding range of the filter 12;
[0071] A compression spring is provided at the connection position between the slider and the filter screen 12 .
[0072] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the swing assembly 13 includes a swing frame 131 and a driving assembly 132. The swing frame 131 is L-shaped, one end of which is fixedly connected to the side wall of the filter screen 12, and the other end is fixedly connected to the driving assembly 132; the driving assembly 132 includes a motor, a reducer and a crank-connecting rod mechanism, the motor is connected to the crank-connecting rod mechanism to drive it to rotate, and a planetary gear reducer is connected to the shaft connecting the motor and the crank-connecting rod mechanism; the swing frame 131 is connected to the crank-connecting rod mechanism.
[0073] like Figure 4 As shown, the second aspect of the present invention provides an embodiment of an extrusion vibration root-soil separation device. In this embodiment, it includes a frame 20, an extrusion member 30 and a vibration plate 40. The frame 20 is a rectangular frame structure, which is welded from high-strength steel plates and is used to support the entire device and maintain stability; the extrusion member 30 and the vibration plate 40 are sequentially arranged inside the frame 20, the extrusion member 30 is used to extrude the root-soil mixture, and the vibration plate 40 is used to further screen the root-soil mixture by vibration; the vibration plate 40 is abutted against the frame 20 and connected by a connecting member 50, which is used to reserve the vibration range of the vibration plate 40 and reduce vibration noise;
[0074] The extrusion member 30 includes a feed hopper 31, an extrusion cavity 32 and an extrusion roller 33. The feed hopper 31 is fixed at the top center position of the frame 20. The extrusion cavity 32 is fixedly connected to the frame 20 on all sides, and its top center position corresponds to the bottom opening position of the feed hopper 31. The extrusion roller 33 is arranged inside the extrusion cavity 32, and is used to separate the roots from the soil by rotating extrusion. Soil collection boxes are provided at positions corresponding to the extrusion rollers 33 on both sides of the frame 20, and the soil collection boxes are used to collect soil squeezed by the extrusion rollers 33.
[0075] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the squeezing roller 33 is connected to the frame 20 via a rotating shaft, one side of the rotating shaft is connected to a motor, and the motor is used to drive the rotating shaft to rotate and rotate the squeezing roller 33; the squeezing roller 33 includes two, which are arranged in the same horizontal plane, and the rotation directions of the two squeezing rollers 33 are opposite; an extrusion groove is fixed on the side wall of the squeezing roller 33, and the extrusion groove is an arc structure, which is used to scrape off the soil carried by the roots; the opening direction of the extrusion groove is toward the rotation direction.
[0076] Furthermore, in the above technical scheme, the vibration disk 40 is a square structure, and its bottom is a screen. The center position is connected to the bottom support of the box body 11 through a support rod. An exciter assembly 41 is arranged at the position where the support rod is connected to the vibration disk 40. The exciter assembly 41 includes an exciting motor and an eccentric block. The exciting motor is fixed at the center of the bottom of the vibration disk 40. One end of the eccentric block is connected to the vibration disk 40, and the other end is connected to the exciting motor, which is used to drive the vibration disk 40 to perform directional circular vibration under the drive of the exciting motor; a plurality of spring shock absorbers are also arranged between the vibration disk 40 and the bottom of the box body 11, which are evenly distributed at the bottom of the vibration disk 40, and are used to support the vibration disk 40 and absorb vibration energy; the exciting motor is a horizontal vibration motor, and the eccentric block is composed of two eccentric mass blocks, which are respectively installed at the two ends of the exciting motor shaft, and are used to change the vibration direction and amplitude of the vibration disk 40 by adjusting the phase difference between the two eccentric mass blocks.
[0077] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the connecting member 50 is an I-shaped structure, forming a limiting groove, and is fixed on the side wall connecting the box body 11 and the vibration disk 40; and a silicone layer is provided at the position where the connecting member 50 is connected to the vibration disk 40.
[0078] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the feed hopper 31 is a funnel structure, a spiral channel is provided inside the feed hopper 31, a belt is provided on the spiral channel, one end of the belt is connected to the motor rolling roller, and the movement of the motor rolling roller drives the root system to move into the extrusion cavity 32; the spiral channel is inclined to the side wall of the feed hopper 31;
[0079] The belt piece and the two sides of the spiral channel are limited by grooves, and the belt piece is provided with a plurality of protrusions for increasing friction.
[0080] Further, in the above technical solution, the upper part of the soil collection box is an arc-shaped structure, which cooperates with the arc of the extrusion groove and extends toward the inside of the frame 20;
[0081] The dimensions of the two squeezing rollers 33 and the two squeezing grooves in the horizontal direction match the lateral dimensions of the box body 11;
[0082] A silicone layer is provided on the side of the extrusion groove away from the extrusion roller 33 , and the longitudinal length dimension of the silicone layer is the same as the length dimension of the extrusion roller 33 .
[0083] Before use, check whether all parts of the equipment are intact and ensure that the equipment is firmly installed on a flat ground to avoid uneven vibration or damage due to unevenness or tilt. Connect the power supply to ensure that the power supply of electrical equipment such as motors and exciters is normal. According to the different properties of the material, the eccentric block of the exciter on the vibrating plate can be adjusted to adjust the amplitude and vibration direction of the vibrating plate to optimize the screening effect.
[0084] Pour the root-soil mixture to be processed evenly into the feed hopper. The material in the feed hopper can smoothly enter the extrusion cavity through the spiral channel and the belt. Make sure that the amount of material input does not exceed the maximum processing capacity of the equipment to prevent clogging. If different types of root-soil mixtures are processed, the feed speed and the pressure of the extrusion roller can be appropriately adjusted according to the characteristics of the material.
[0085] Start the equipment motor and drive the squeeze rollers to work through the rotating shaft. Make sure the rotation direction and speed of the squeeze rollers meet the operating requirements. Under normal circumstances, the two squeeze rollers should rotate in opposite directions to squeeze the material efficiently. Turn on the vibrating plate exciter to start the vibrating plate. According to the nature and needs of the material, adjust the amplitude and frequency of the vibrating plate to improve the separation efficiency of the soil.
[0086] During the operation of the equipment, observe whether the material passes through the extrusion chamber and the vibrating screen smoothly, and check whether the soil has been effectively separated. The extrusion roller should ensure that the root-soil mixture passes through fully and separates the soil from the root surface. If it is found that the material does not pass through the equipment smoothly or the separation effect is not ideal, the vibration frequency, amplitude or pressure of the extrusion roller can be appropriately adjusted. The feed amount and equipment operating parameters need to be adjusted according to the specific situation to ensure the efficient operation of the equipment.
[0087] The soil collection box of the equipment will collect the soil separated during the squeezing process. Check the soil collection box regularly for overflow and clean it in time to avoid clogging. After the roots are separated from the equipment, they can be further cleaned or processed to remove the residual soil attached. The cleaned roots can be used for agricultural purposes such as cultivation and seedling raising.
[0088] After the material separation is completed, turn off the vibrating plate and motor and stop the equipment. Make sure that all equipment is completely stopped before cleaning and maintenance. Clean the inside of the equipment regularly, especially the feed hopper, extrusion chamber and soil collection box. When cleaning, you can use water flushing or a soft brush to remove material residues to ensure that the equipment is not blocked and maintain a long-term efficient working state.
[0089] Specifically, the principle of the present invention is: when in use, the roots of the plants are dug out, and the soil carried by the roots is initially separated by shaking; the soil is concentrated in a sealed box, pure water is added into the box through the upper port, and the soil carried by the roots is moistened by swinging the sealed box along the vertical center axis with an amplitude range of less than 20° to reduce the adhesion between the roots and soil particles in the soil; after 1-2 hours, the roots are filtered through a sieve; the filtered roots are placed in an extrusion vibration root-soil separation device to separate the soil and roots, and the roots are cleaned and then mechanically dried; the separated soil is recovered, and the cleaned roots are stored in a centralized manner.
Claims
1. A method for separating roots and soil by extrusion and vibration, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S10: Dig out the roots of the plants and initially separate the soil on the roots by shaking; S20: placing the soil in a sealed box, adding pure water into the box through the upper port, and making a swing with an amplitude of less than 20° along the vertical center axis of the sealed box to moisten the soil carried by the roots, so as to reduce the bonding force between the roots and soil particles in the soil; S30: After 1-2h, the roots are passed through a sieve to filter water; S40: placing the filtered root system into an extrusion vibration root-soil separation device to separate the soil root system, and then washing and mechanically drying the root system; S50: The separated soil is recycled and the cleaned roots are centrally stored.
2. The method for separating roots and soil by extrusion and vibration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific structure of the sealed box comprises a box body (11), a filter screen (12), a swing assembly (13) and a water inlet assembly (14); the side wall and the bottom wall of the box body (11) are planar structures; the filter screen (12) is arranged at a position of the side wall close to the bottom; the filter screen (12) is an arc-shaped structure and is used to filter out excess water; the filter screen (12) is slidably connected to the side wall of the box body (11); the swing assembly (13) is arranged at the center of the box body (11); the swing assembly (13) is used to drive the filter screen (12) to swing left and right; the water inlet assembly (14) is arranged at the top of the box body (11); the water inlet assembly (14) is used to uniformly add pure water into the interior of the box body (11); The water inlet assembly (14) comprises a water inlet (141), a diffuser (142) and a flow balancing layer (143); the water inlet (141) is arranged at the top of the housing (11); the diffuser (142) is arranged at the bottom of the water inlet (141); the diffuser (142) is an arc-shaped structure, the top of which is connected to the water inlet (141) through-through, and the bottom of which is connected to the flow balancing layer (143); a rectifying net is arranged between the diffuser (142) and the flow balancing layer (143); the rectifying net is composed of multiple layers of fine metal wire mesh and is used to further eliminate eddy currents and turbulences in the water flow; a guide plate is arranged inside the diffuser (142); the guide plates are multiple and are respectively fixedly connected to different positions of the inner wall of the diffuser (142) to form a topological structure; a plurality of water flow holes are arranged at the bottom of the flow balancing layer (143); the water flow holes are used to allow evenly distributed pure water to flow into the interior of the housing (11).
3. The extrusion vibration root-soil separation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The filter screen (12) comprises a plurality of filter holes, the size of which gradually increases along the vertical direction of the box body (11) to prevent the filter holes from being blocked by sediment; the filter holes are evenly distributed on the filter screen (12); Aluminum alloy rods are fixed around the filter screen (12) to improve the supporting force of the filter screen (12); a slider is provided at the position where the filter screen (12) is connected to the side wall of the box body (11), and a slide rail is provided at the corresponding position of the box body (11); the slide rail cooperates with the slider to limit the sliding range of the filter screen (12); A compression spring is provided at the connection position between the sliding block and the filter screen (12).
4. The extrusion vibration root-soil separation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The swing assembly (13) comprises a swing frame (131) and a driving assembly (132); the swing frame (131) is L-shaped, one end of which is fixedly connected to the side wall of the filter screen (12), and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the driving assembly (132); the driving assembly (132) comprises a motor, a reducer and a crank-connecting rod mechanism; the motor is connected to the crank-connecting rod mechanism to drive the crank-connecting rod mechanism to rotate; a planetary gear reducer is connected to the shaft connecting the motor and the crank-connecting rod mechanism; the swing frame (131) is connected to the crank-connecting rod mechanism.
5. An extrusion vibration root-soil separation device, characterized in that: The device comprises a frame (20), an extrusion piece (30) and a vibration plate (40); the frame (20) is a rectangular frame structure formed by welding high-strength steel plates and used to support the entire device and maintain stability; the extrusion piece (30) and the vibration plate (40) are sequentially arranged inside the frame (20); the extrusion piece (30) is used to extrude the root-soil mixture, and the vibration plate (40) is used to further screen the root-soil mixture by vibration; the vibration plate (40) is in contact with the frame (20) and is connected by a connecting piece (50) to reserve a vibration range for the vibration plate (40) and reduce vibration noise; The extrusion member (30) comprises a feed hopper (31), an extrusion cavity (32) and an extrusion roller (33); the feed hopper (31) is fixed at the top center position of the frame (20); the extrusion cavity (32) is fixedly connected to the frame (20) on all sides, and the top center position thereof corresponds to the bottom opening position of the feed hopper (31); the extrusion roller (33) is arranged inside the extrusion cavity (32) and is used for separating the roots from the soil by rotating and extruding; Soil collection boxes are provided at positions on both sides of the frame (20) corresponding to the squeezing rollers (33), and the soil collection boxes are used to collect soil squeezed by the squeezing rollers (33).
6. The extrusion vibration root-soil separation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The squeezing roller (33) is connected to the frame (20) via a rotating shaft, one side of the rotating shaft is connected to a motor, and the motor is used to drive the rotating shaft to rotate and rotate the squeezing roller (33) together; the squeezing rollers (33) include two, which are arranged on the same horizontal plane, and the two squeezing rollers (33) rotate in opposite directions; an squeezing groove is fixed on the side wall of the squeezing roller (33), and the squeezing groove is an arc-shaped structure, which is used to scrape off the soil carried by the root system; the opening direction of the squeezing groove faces the rotation direction.
7. The extrusion vibration root-soil separation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The vibration plate (40) is a square structure, the bottom of which is a screen, and the center position is connected to the bottom support of the box body (11) through a support rod, and an exciter assembly (41) is arranged at the position where the support rod is connected to the vibration plate (40), and the exciter assembly (41) includes an excitation motor and an eccentric block, the excitation motor is fixed at the center of the bottom of the vibration plate (40), one end of the eccentric block is connected to the vibration plate (40), and the other end is connected to the excitation motor, and is used to drive the vibration plate (40) under the drive of the excitation motor. The vibration disk (40) performs directional circular vibration; a plurality of spring shock absorbers are also arranged between the vibration disk (40) and the bottom of the box body (11), and are evenly distributed at the bottom of the vibration disk (40) for supporting the vibration disk (40) and absorbing vibration energy; the exciting motor is a horizontal vibration motor, and the eccentric block is composed of two eccentric mass blocks, which are respectively installed at two ends of the rotating shaft of the exciting motor, and are used to change the vibration direction and amplitude of the vibration disk (40) by adjusting the phase difference between the two eccentric mass blocks.
8. The extrusion vibration root-soil separation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The connecting piece (50) is an I-shaped structure, forming a limiting groove, and is fixed on the side wall where the box (11) and the vibration plate (40) are connected; and a silicone layer is provided at the position where the connecting piece (50) and the vibration plate (40) are connected.
9. The extrusion vibration root-soil separation device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The feed hopper (31) is a funnel structure, and a spiral channel is arranged inside the funnel. A belt is arranged on the spiral channel, and one end of the belt is connected to a motor rolling roller, and the movement of the motor rolling roller drives the root system to move into the extrusion cavity (32); the spiral channel is arranged obliquely to the side wall of the feed hopper (31); The belt member and the two sides of the spiral channel are limited by grooves, and the belt member is provided with a plurality of protrusions for increasing friction.
10. The extrusion vibration root-soil separation device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The upper part of the soil collection box is an arc-shaped structure, which cooperates with the arc of the extrusion groove and extends toward the inside of the frame (20); The dimensions of the two squeezing rollers (33) and the two squeezing grooves in the horizontal direction match the lateral dimensions of the box body (11); A silicone layer is provided on the side of the extrusion groove away from the extrusion roller (33), and its longitudinal length dimension is the same as the length dimension of the extrusion roller (33).