Coal gangue nutrient soil preparation and grinding device and improvement method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coal gangue, in particular to a coal gangue nutrient soil preparation crushing device and an improvement method.The coal gangue nutrient soil preparation crushing device comprises a supporting frame and a crushing mechanism, the crushing mechanism comprises a driving motor installed at the upper end of the supporting frame, and a crushing box is fixedly connected to one side of the driving motor at the upper end of the supporting frame; two groups of crushing rollers are rotationally connected to the inner side of the crushing box, two groups of gears are rotationally connected to the front ends of the crushing rollers, the two groups of gears are meshed with each other, a driven belt wheel is fixedly connected to the rear end of one of the two groups of gears, and a driving belt wheel is fixedly connected to the output end of the driving motor; a belt is arranged between the driving belt wheel and the driven belt wheel, a drying assembly used for drying coal gangue is arranged at the upper end of the crushing box, and the coal gangue crushing device has the beneficial effects that a fan can be used for blowing air to the heating plate, blowing hot air into the inner side of the discharging box and drying the coal gangue, and coal gangue crushing is convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coal gangue, in particular to a preparation and crushing device for coal gangue nutrient soil and an improvement method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's economy, the use of energy resources has become more frequent. With the utilization of mining resources, the amount of industrial waste has gradually increased. Coal gangue is the most common solid waste in the coal energy industry. Coal gangue accumulation will spontaneously combust. Under the action of rainfall and natural weathering, the heavy metals precipitated from the long-term exposed and arbitrarily piled coal gangue will flow into rivers, surface water and infiltrate into the surrounding soil with rainwater, causing serious pollution to water resources and soil. To this problem, the main measures currently taken are: recovery of useful components, wastewater treatment, building materials, agricultural production, preparation of alumina, high-voltage cables, power generation, etc. Preparing coal gangue into organic fertilizer is also a measure to deal with waste, but these measures have a small proportion of useful gangue, high economic cost, and extremely low probability of "turning waste into treasure". It is also easy to cause environmental pollution. When crushing coal gangue, it is necessary to ensure its dryness to prevent wet coal gangue from affecting the crushing efficiency. The crushed coal gangue needs to be ground again with a ball mill. Wet coal gangue will affect the grinding effect. For this reason, we propose a preparation and crushing device for coal gangue nutrient soil and an improvement method. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the background technology and to propose a preparation and crushing device for coal gangue nutrient soil and an improved method.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a preparation and crushing device for nutrient soil of coal gangue, comprising a support frame and a crushing mechanism, the crushing mechanism comprising a driving motor installed on the upper end of the support frame, one side of the driving motor at the upper end of the support frame is fixedly connected to a crushing box, the inner side of the crushing box is rotatably connected with two groups of crushing rollers, the front ends of the crushing rollers are rotatably connected with two groups of gears, the two groups of gears are meshed with each other, the rear end of one of the two groups of gears is fixedly connected with a driven pulley, the output end of the driving motor is fixedly connected with an active pulley, a belt is arranged between the active pulley and the driven pulley, the upper end of the crushing box is provided with a drying assembly for drying the coal gangue, the lower end of the support frame is provided with a screening structure for screening the coal gangue, and the front end of the crushing box is provided with a transmission mechanism for driving the drying assembly to shake.

[0005] Preferably, the drying assembly includes a feed box fixedly connected to the upper end of the crushing box, the rear end of the feed box is fixedly connected to a mounting box, a fan is installed on the inner side of the mounting box, a heating plate is installed on the front end of the fan inside the mounting box, the front end of the feed box is provided with an opening, the front end of the feed box is slidably connected to a connecting box, the front end of the connecting box is connected to an air outlet pipe, the screening structure includes a screening frame fixedly connected to the lower end of the support frame, the front and rear ends of the screening frame are provided with sockets, the air outlet pipe is U-shaped, two groups of second baffles are fixedly connected to the outer side of the air outlet pipe, the two groups of second baffles are respectively tightly attached to the front and rear ends of the screening frame, the air outlet pipe penetrates the screening frame through the two groups of sockets, and a sealing member is provided on the outer side of the air outlet pipe.

[0006] Preferably, the upper and lower ends of the front end opening of the discharge box are respectively fixedly connected with clamping plates, the clamping plates are L-shaped, and an outer plate is provided on the outer side of the connection box, and the outer plate is slidably connected between the two groups of clamping plates.

[0007] Preferably, a plurality of groups of discharge plates are fixedly connected to the inner side of the discharge box, the upper ends of the discharge plates are inclined downward, and the discharge plates are equidistantly fixedly connected to the front and rear inner walls of the inner side of the discharge box, the discharge plates on the front inner wall of the discharge box are symmetrical with the discharge plates on the rear inner wall of the discharge box, a filter screen plate is fixedly connected to the front inner wall of the discharge box, and the filter screen plate is inclined downward, and a scraper is fixedly connected to the rear end of the connecting box, and the scraper is tightly attached to the rear end of the filter screen plate.

[0008] Preferably, the transmission mechanism includes a sliding shell fixedly connected to a clamping plate near the lower end of the discharge box, a sliding bar is slidably connected to the inner side of the sliding shell, a first connecting block is fixedly connected to the upper end of the sliding bar, a connecting rod is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting box, a second connecting block is rotatably connected between the first connecting block and the connecting rod, a connecting shaft is fixedly connected to the front end of the connecting shaft, a rocker arm is rotatably connected to the front end of the rocker arm, a connecting head is rotatably connected to the rear end of the rocker arm, and the connecting head is fixedly connected to the gear.

[0009] Preferably, the sealing member comprises two groups of protective tubes fixedly connected to the air outlet pipe, the inner side of the protective tube is fixedly connected to a fixing plate, the inner side of the fixing plate is slidably connected to a push shaft, the lower end of the push shaft is fixedly connected to a first baffle, a first spring is arranged on the outer side of the push shaft, the upper end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the fixing plate, the lower end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the first baffle, the upper ends of the two groups of push shafts are commonly fixedly connected to a U-shaped plate, and the inner side of the U-shaped plate is rotatably connected to a roller.

[0010] Preferably, an elastic cloth is fixedly connected to the inner side of the screening frame, and a screen is fixedly connected to the lower end of the elastic cloth, a discharge hole is opened on one side of the screening frame, and a tensioning mechanism is provided on the other side of the screening frame, one end of the screen extends to the outside of the screening frame through the discharge hole, a shock absorbing assembly is provided at the lower end of the screen, and the sealing member is located below the screen, the shock absorbing assembly includes a push piece fixedly connected to the screen, a plurality of connecting pieces are fixedly connected to the lower end of the push piece, an insertion shaft is rotatably connected to the inner side of the connecting piece, an insertion cylinder is slidably connected to the outer side of the insertion shaft, the insertion cylinder is fixedly connected to the screening frame, a second spring is fixedly connected to the lower end of the insertion shaft, and the lower end of the second spring is fixedly connected to the screening frame.

[0011] Preferably, the tensioning mechanism includes a stretching plate fixedly connected to the screen, two groups of support rods are fixedly connected to both sides of the screening frame, a steering shaft and a winding shaft are rotatably connected between the two groups of support rods, a steering wheel is fixedly connected to the outer side of the steering shaft, a winding wheel is rotatably connected to the outer side of the winding shaft, a steering wheel is fixedly connected to the outer side of the winding wheel, the other end of the steering wheel is fixedly connected to the stretching plate, and a crank is fixedly connected to the front end of the winding shaft.

[0012] A method for preparing and improving coal gangue nutrient soil in mining areas comprises the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: crush and screen the large-sized coal gangue to obtain small-sized coal gangue;

[0014] Step 2: Use XRF and XRD techniques to test the crushed coal gangue, fly ash and desulfurized gypsum to detect the contents of oxides and mineral components respectively;

[0015] Step 3: After sieving fly ash, desulfurized gypsum and soil, coal gangue, fly ash and desulfurized gypsum and coal gangue, soil and desulfurized gypsum are mixed in a ratio of (5-8): (1-4): 1 to prepare coal gangue nutrient soil;

[0016] Step 4: Conduct SEM test on the prepared coal gangue nutrient soil and natural organic soil to analyze the differences in the microscopic morphology of the two soils;

[0017] Step 5: Conduct moisture content, density and liquid and plastic limit tests on the prepared coal gangue nutrient soil and natural organic soil, and measure their bulk density and porosity indicators;

[0018] Step 6: Using the soil water holding rate test method for each group of coal gangue nutrient soil and natural organic soil, the water retention and loss rate of the prepared coal gangue nutrient soil are measured;

[0019] Step 7: Using a pH meter and conductivity meter to measure the pH and EC values ​​of each group of coal gangue nutrient soil and natural organic soil, and using an automatic Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer, UV-visible spectrophotometer and flame photometer to measure the contents of hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the two soils respectively;

[0020] Step 8: Add nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to the gangue nutrient soil and natural organic soil respectively, then put them into nylon sandbags, add water to seal them and place them in a biochemical incubator to measure their total nitrogen release rate and compare the fertilizer release performance of the gangue nutrient soil and natural organic soil at different times;

[0021] Step 9: Plant the same plant in coal gangue nutrient soil and natural organic soil respectively, measure the plant's germination rate and the growth of roots, stems and leaves to compare the planting performance of the two soils;

[0022] Step 10: Crush the soil, remove the impurities, conduct water content, density, liquid limit and compaction tests, and measure its bulk density, water permeability, conductivity and porosity;

[0023] Step 11: Mixing coal gangue of different particle sizes with soil to prepare soil samples with different particle sizes and different amounts of coal gangue;

[0024] Step 12: Determine the bulk density, water permeability, electrical conductivity and porosity of the matrix after mixing coal gangue with different particle sizes and different dosages with soil;

[0025] Step 13: Subject the prepared soil samples to unconfined compression, direct shear and consolidation tests.

[0026] Preferably, the gangue contains some organic matter, the soil includes silt, sand, clay and special soil, the crushed particle size of the gangue is: 0.074-5mm, the desulfurization gypsum in the gangue nutrient soil is quantitative, the mixing ratio of the gangue, fly ash and desulfurization gypsum and the gangue, soil and desulfurization gypsum is: (5-8): (1-4): 1, and the mixing ratio of gangue to soil is: 1:, 2:, 3:.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a preparation and crushing device for coal gangue nutrient soil and an improved method thereof, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The preparation and crushing device of coal gangue nutrient soil can separate coal gangue of different sizes by using a feed plate, so that the coal gangue can be separated and fall into the inner side of the crushing box, which is convenient for drying the coal gangue. The fan can be used to blow air to the heating plate, and hot air is blown into the inner side of the lower feed box to dry the coal gangue. The hot air can be discharged conveniently through the connecting box, and the inner side of the screening frame can be heated through the air outlet pipe to further dry the crushed coal gangue. At the same time, the filter screen plate will intercept larger particles of coal gangue, and the filter screen plate can be scraped by a scraper to prevent dust from accumulating on the surface of the filter screen plate.

[0029] 2. In the preparation and crushing device of coal gangue nutrient soil, the rotation of the gear will drive the connecting head to deflect, drive the swing arm to rotate on the connecting shaft, and push the slide bar to slide on the inner side of the sliding shell through the connecting shaft, so that the first connecting block pulls the second connecting block to move, and then pulls the installation box through the connecting rod to drive the outer plate to slide between the two groups of card plates, so that the air outlet pipe slides on the inner side of the screening frame, which is convenient for the sliding of the air outlet pipe.

[0030] 3. The preparation and crushing device of coal gangue nutrient soil can press the roller through the screen to press the push shaft downward through the U-shaped plate, so that the first baffle is moved out from the inner side of the outlet pipe to open the lower end of the outlet pipe, so that hot steam enters the inner side of the screening frame, which is convenient for the finely crushed coal gangue to fall to the inner side of the screening frame. The first spring can facilitate the upward movement of the push shaft. When the U-shaped plate is pressed to the upper end of the protective tube, the outlet pipe continues to move and the roller will lift the screen. As the outlet pipe moves back and forth, the screen will move up and down, which is convenient for the screen to screen the crushed coal gangue. The push piece will move with the movement of the screen, and drive the plug shaft to slide on the inner side of the plug tube through the connecting piece. The second spring can facilitate the vibration of the screen.

[0031] 4. The preparation and crushing device of coal gangue nutrient soil can conveniently rotate the winding shaft through the crank, and then use the winding wheel to wind the connecting rope, and then use the connecting rope to pull the screen to adjust the tension of the screen, thereby adjusting the vibration amplitude of the screen, which is convenient for screening of the screen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crushing mechanism of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the crushing mechanism of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0036] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the present invention Figure 2;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a partial structural section of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a partial structural section of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0039] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 4 The enlarged structural diagram of part A in the middle;

[0040] Fig. 9 The sieve structure of the present invention is cut away Figure 1 ;

[0041] Fig.10 The sieve structure of the present invention is cut away Figure 2 ;

[0042] Fig.11 For the present invention Fig. 9 The enlarged structural diagram of part B in the middle;

[0043] Fig.12 For the present invention Fig.10 The enlarged structural diagram of the middle C part;

[0044] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the tensioning mechanism structure of the present invention.

[0045] In the figure: 1, support frame; 2, crushing mechanism; 21, driving motor; 22, crushing box; 23, crushing roller; 24, driven pulley; 25, belt; 26, gear; 3, drying assembly; 31, unloading box; 32, installation box; 33, opening; 34, card plate; 35, connecting box; 36, outer plate; 37, air outlet pipe; 38, sealing member; 381, protective cylinder; 382, ​​fixing plate; 383, push shaft; 384, first baffle; 385, first spring; 386, U-shaped plate; 387, roller; 39, second baffle; 310, fan; 311, heating plate; 312, unloading plate; 313, filter screen plate; 314, scraper; 4. Screening structure; 41. Screening frame; 42. Socket; 43. Elastic fabric; 44. Screen; 45. Discharge hole; 46. Shock-absorbing assembly; 461. Push plate; 462. Connecting plate; 463. Insert shaft; 464. Insert cylinder; 465. Second spring; 47. Tensioning mechanism; 471. Stretching plate; 472. Support rod; 473. Steering shaft; 474. Winding shaft; 475. Winding wheel; 476. Steering wheel; 477. Connecting rope; 478. Crank; 5. Transmission mechanism; 51. Sliding shell; 52. Sliding bar; 53. First connecting block; 54. Connecting rod; 55. Second connecting block; 56. Connecting shaft; 57. Rocker; 58. Connector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0047] See also Figure 1 - Fig.13 , a preparation and crushing device for nutrient soil of coal gangue, comprises a support frame 1 and a crushing mechanism 2, the crushing mechanism 2 comprises a driving motor 21 installed at the upper end of the supporting frame 1, a crushing box 22 is fixedly connected to one side of the driving motor 21 at the upper end of the supporting frame 1, two groups of crushing rollers 23 are rotatably connected to the inner side of the crushing box 22, the front ends of the crushing rollers 23 are rotatably connected to two groups of gears 26, the two groups of gears 26 are meshed with each other, the rear end of one of the two groups of gears 26 is fixedly connected to a driven pulley 24, the output end of the driving motor 21 is fixedly connected to a driving pulley, a belt 25 is arranged between the driving pulley and the driven pulley 24, a drying component 3 for drying coal gangue is arranged at the upper end of the crushing box 22, a screening structure 4 for screening coal gangue is arranged at the lower end of the supporting frame 1, and a transmission mechanism 5 for driving the drying component 3 to shake is arranged at the front end of the crushing box 22.

[0048] In this embodiment, the drying component 3 includes a feed box 31 fixedly connected to the upper end of the crushing box 22, the rear end of the feed box 31 is fixedly connected to the installation box 32, the inner side of the installation box 32 is installed with a fan 310, the front end of the inner fan 310 of the installation box 32 is installed with a heating plate 311, the front end of the feed box 31 is provided with an opening 33, the front end of the feed box 31 is slidably connected with a connecting box 35, the front end of the connecting box 35 is connected with an air outlet pipe 37, the screening structure 4 includes a screening frame 41 fixedly connected to the lower end of the support frame 1, the front and rear ends of the screening frame 41 are provided with sockets 42, the air outlet pipe 37 is U-shaped, and the outer side of the air outlet pipe 37 is fixedly connected with two groups of second baffles 39, the two groups of second baffles 39 are respectively attached to the front and rear ends of the screening frame 41, the air outlet pipe 37 passes through the screening frame 41 through the two groups of sockets 42, and the outer side of the air outlet pipe 37 is provided with a sealing member 38.

[0049] Specifically, the fan 310 blows air to the heating plate 311, blowing hot air into the inner side of the lower material box 31 to dry the coal gangue. Then the hot air will be blown into the inner side of the connecting box 35 through the opening 33 and discharged through the air outlet pipe 37. The screening frame 41 can be clamped by two sets of second baffles 39, and the socket 42 can be blocked.

[0050] In this embodiment, the upper and lower ends of the front end opening 33 of the unloading box 31 are fixedly connected with clamping plates 34 respectively, and the clamping plates 34 are L-shaped. An outer plate 36 is provided on the outer side of the connecting box 35, and the outer plate 36 is slidably connected between the two groups of clamping plates 34.

[0051] Specifically, the clamping plate 34 can facilitate the sliding of the outer plate 36 and the movement of the connection box 35 , and the opening 33 can facilitate the hot steam to enter the inner side of the connection box 35 .

[0052] In this embodiment, a plurality of groups of discharge plates 312 are fixedly connected to the inner side of the discharge box 31, and the upper ends of the discharge plates 312 are tilted downward. The discharge plates 312 are fixedly connected to the front and rear inner walls of the inner side of the discharge box 31 at equal intervals. The discharge plates 312 on the front inner wall of the discharge box 31 are symmetrical with the discharge plates 312 on the rear inner wall of the discharge box 31. A filter screen plate 313 is fixedly connected to the front inner wall of the discharge box 31, and the filter screen plate 313 is tilted downward. A scraper blade 314 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the connecting box 35, and the scraper blade 314 is tightly attached to the rear end of the filter screen plate 313.

[0053] Specifically, the unloading plate 312 can be used to separate coal gangue of different sizes, so that the coal gangue is separated and falls to the inner side of the crushing box 22, which is convenient for drying the coal gangue. At the same time, the filter plate 313 will intercept larger particles of coal gangue, and the scraper 314 can scrape the filter plate 313 to prevent dust from accumulating on the surface of the filter plate 313.

[0054] In this embodiment, the transmission mechanism 5 includes a sliding shell 51 fixedly connected to the clamping plate 34 near the lower end of the unloading box 31, a sliding bar 52 is slidably connected to the inner side of the sliding shell 51, and a first connecting block 53 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the sliding bar 52. A connecting rod 54 is fixedly connected to one side of the installation box 32, and a second connecting block 55 is rotatably connected between the first connecting block 53 and the connecting rod 54. The front end of the sliding bar 52 is fixedly connected to a connecting shaft 56, and the front end of the connecting shaft 56 is rotatably connected to a rocker rod 57, and the rear end of the rocker rod 57 is rotatably connected to a connecting head 58, and the connecting head 58 is fixedly connected to the gear 26.

[0055] Specifically, the rotation of the gear 26 will drive the connecting head 58 to deflect, drive the rocker arm 57 to rotate on the connecting shaft 56, and push the slide bar 52 to slide on the inner side of the sliding shell 51 through the connecting shaft 56, so that the first connecting block 53 pulls the second connecting block 55 to move, and then pulls the installation box 32 through the connecting rod 54 to drive the outer plate 36 to slide between the two sets of card plates 34, so that the air outlet pipe 37 slides on the inner side of the screening frame 41, facilitating the sliding of the air outlet pipe 37.

[0056] In this embodiment, the sealing member 38 includes two groups of protective tubes 381 fixedly connected to the air outlet pipe 37, the inner side of the protective tube 381 is fixedly connected with a fixing plate 382, ​​the inner side of the fixing plate 382 is slidably connected with a push shaft 383, the lower end of the push shaft 383 is fixedly connected with a first baffle 384, the outer side of the push shaft 383 is provided with a first spring 385, the upper end of the first spring 385 is fixedly connected to the fixing plate 382, ​​the lower end of the first spring 385 is fixedly connected to the first baffle 384, the upper ends of the two groups of push shafts 383 are commonly fixedly connected with a U-shaped plate 386, and the inner side of the U-shaped plate 386 is rotatably connected with a roller 387.

[0057] An elastic cloth 43 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the screening frame 41, and a screen 44 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the elastic cloth 43. A discharge hole 45 is opened on one side of the screening frame 41, and a tensioning mechanism 47 is arranged on the other side of the screening frame 41. One end of the screen 44 extends to the outer side of the screening frame 41 through the discharge hole 45. A shock absorbing assembly 46 is arranged at the lower end of the screen 44. A sealing member 38 is located below the screen 44. The shock absorbing assembly 46 comprises a push piece 461 fixedly connected to the screen 44, and a plurality of connecting pieces 462 are fixedly connected to the lower end of the push piece 461. An insert shaft 463 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the connecting piece 462, and an insert cylinder 464 is slidably connected to the outer side of the insert shaft 463. The insert cylinder 464 is fixedly connected to the screening frame 41, and a second spring 465 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the insert shaft 463. The lower end of the second spring 465 is fixedly connected to the screening frame 41.

[0058] Specifically, the screen 44 can press the roller 387 through the U-shaped plate 386 to press the push shaft 383 downward, so that the first baffle 384 moves out from the inner side of the outlet pipe 37 to open the lower end of the outlet pipe 37, allowing hot air to enter the inner side of the screening frame 41, making it convenient for the finely crushed coal gangue to fall into the inner side of the screening frame 41, and the first spring 385 can facilitate the upward movement of the push shaft 383. When the U-shaped plate 386 is pressed to the upper end of the protective tube 381, the outlet pipe 37 continues to move and the roller 387 will be used to lift the screen 44. As the outlet pipe 37 moves back and forth, the screen 44 will move up and down, making it convenient for the screen 44 to screen the crushed coal gangue. The push piece 461 will move with the movement of the screen 44, and drive the plug shaft 463 to slide on the inner side of the plug tube 464 through the connecting piece 462, and the vibration of the screen 44 can be facilitated by the second spring 465.

[0059] In this embodiment, the tensioning mechanism 47 includes a stretching plate 471 fixedly connected to the screen 44, two groups of support rods 472 are fixedly connected to the two sides of the screening frame 41, a steering shaft 473 and a winding shaft 474 are rotatably connected between the two groups of support rods 472, a steering wheel 476 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the steering shaft 473, a winding wheel 475 is rotatably connected to the outer side of the winding shaft 474, a steering wheel 476 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the winding wheel 475, the other end of the steering wheel 476 is fixedly connected to the stretching plate 471, and a crank 478 is fixedly connected to the front end of the winding shaft 474.

[0060] Specifically, the steering wheel 476 can change the connection rope 477, so that the connection rope 477 can pull the stretching plate 471 to move, and the tension of the screen 44 can be adjusted, thereby changing the vibration amplitude of the screen 44 and facilitating the screen 44 to screen coal gangue.

[0061] A method for preparing and improving coal gangue nutrient soil in mining areas comprises the following steps:

[0062] Step 1: crush and screen the large-sized coal gangue to obtain small-sized coal gangue;

[0063] Step 2: Use XRF and XRD techniques to test the crushed coal gangue, fly ash and desulfurized gypsum to detect the contents of oxides and mineral components respectively;

[0064] Step 3: After sieving fly ash, desulfurized gypsum and soil, coal gangue, fly ash and desulfurized gypsum and coal gangue, soil and desulfurized gypsum are mixed in a ratio of (5-8): (1-4): 1 to prepare coal gangue nutrient soil;

[0065] Step 4: Conduct SEM test on the prepared coal gangue nutrient soil and natural organic soil to observe the difference in microscopic morphology of the two soils;

[0066] Step 5: Conduct moisture content, density and liquid and plastic limit tests on the prepared coal gangue nutrient soil and natural organic soil, and measure their bulk density and porosity indicators;

[0067] Step 6: Using the soil water holding rate test method for each group of coal gangue nutrient soil and natural organic soil, the water retention and loss rate of the prepared coal gangue nutrient soil are measured;

[0068] Step 7: Using a pH meter and conductivity meter to measure the pH and EC values ​​of each group of coal gangue nutrient soil and natural organic soil, and using an automatic Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer, UV-visible spectrophotometer and flame photometer to measure the contents of hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the two soils respectively;

[0069] Step 8: Add nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to the gangue nutrient soil and natural organic soil respectively, then put them into nylon sandbags, add water to seal them and place them in a biochemical incubator to measure their total nitrogen release rate and compare the fertilizer release performance of the gangue nutrient soil and natural organic soil at different times;

[0070] Step 9: Plant the same plant in coal gangue nutrient soil and natural organic soil respectively, measure the plant's germination rate and the growth of roots, stems and leaves to compare the planting performance of the two soils;

[0071] Step 10: Crush the soil, remove the impurities, conduct water content, density, liquid limit and compaction tests, and measure its bulk density, water permeability, conductivity and porosity;

[0072] Step 11: Mixing coal gangue of different particle sizes with soil to prepare soil samples with different particle sizes and different amounts of coal gangue;

[0073] Step 12: Determine the bulk density, water permeability, electrical conductivity and porosity of the matrix after mixing coal gangue with different particle sizes and different dosages with soil;

[0074] Step 13: Subject the prepared soil samples to unconfined compression, direct shear and consolidation tests.

[0075] Preferably, the gangue contains some organic matter, the soil includes silt, sand, clay and special soil, the crushed particle size of the gangue is: 0.074-5mm, the desulfurized gypsum in the nutrient soil of the gangue is quantitative, the mixing ratio of the gangue, fly ash and desulfurized gypsum and the gangue, soil and desulfurized gypsum is: (5-8): (1-4): 1, and the mixing ratio of the gangue and the soil is: 1: 1-9, 2: 1-9, 3: 1-9.

[0076] Implementation Cases

[0077] A method for improving coal gangue nutrient soil of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0078] After the fly ash, soil and desulfurized gypsum are dried and sieved separately, they are mixed with the crushed and sieved coal gangue powder mentioned above, and are fully mixed in the ratio of coal gangue: fly ash: desulfurized gypsum = 5-8: 1-4: 1, coal gangue: soil: desulfurized gypsum = 5-8: 1-4: 1. Then each group of mixed samples is placed in a packaging bag for testing its nutrient content, and three parallel samples are prepared for each mixing ratio. The mass ratio of coal gangue to fly ash and desulfurized gypsum is: 5:4:1, 6:3:1,

[0079] The mass ratios of coal gangue, soil and desulfurized gypsum are: 5:4:1, 6:3:1, 7:2:1, 8:1:1. Each of the above ratios is recorded as Scheme 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.

[0080] Use the soil nutrient measuring instrument to test the nutrients of the prepared samples: take a bag of nutrient extractant and pour it into a beaker, add distilled water to make the volume 500ml, stir it thoroughly with a stirring rod to make the extractant completely dissolved in the distilled water. For each group of mixed ratio samples, weigh 1g of the soil to be tested and pour it into a test tube, then pour in 20ml of the extractant, add a flat spoon of soil decolorizer, shake it vigorously for 3-5 minutes, then pour it into the filter paper, and filter the test solution into a triangular flask.

[0081] Take 3 ml of distilled water and drop it into test tube 1 as a control, and then take 2 ml + 1 drop of soil stock solution and drop it into test tube 2 as a standard solution. Take 2 ml of the above soil filtrate at different mixing ratios and drop it into different test tubes.

[0082] ① Determination of soil ammonium nitrogen: Take soil ammonium nitrogen reagents No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3, and drop them into the standard solution and the test solution respectively, 4 drops of each reagent. After dropping, shake the test tube thoroughly to mix it evenly, and use a nutrient detector to detect the ammonium nitrogen content of the test solution.

[0083] ② Determination of soil available phosphorus: Take soil available phosphorus reagents No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3, drop 4 drops of No. 1 and No. 2 into the standard solution and the test solution respectively, then drop 1 drop of No. 3 into the standard solution and the test solution, shake the test tube thoroughly to mix them evenly, and use a nutrient detector to detect the available phosphorus content of the test solution.

[0084] ③ Determination of soil available potassium: Take soil available potassium reagents No. 1 and No. 2, drop them into the standard solution and the test solution respectively, 4 drops of each reagent, shake the test tube thoroughly to mix them evenly, and use a nutrient detector to detect the available potassium content of the test solution.

[0085] ④ Take the average value of the parallel groups in each group to obtain the nutrient content of each plan.

[0086] Table 1 Materials / Measured indicators Ammonium nitrogen (mg / kg) Available phosphorus (mg / kg) Available potassium (mg / kg) Coal Gangue 53.091 19.759 179.696 loess 416.000 11.399 70.728

[0087] The results in Table 1 show the contents of ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in pure coal gangue and pure soil.

[0088] Table 2 Program / Measured indicators Ammonium nitrogen (mg / kg) Available phosphorus (mg / kg) Available potassium (mg / kg) Solution 1 478.909 47.487 156.683 Solution 2 533.818 52.703 182.403 Solution 3 429.818 50.834 172.251 Solution 4 449.091 28.283 240.609 Solution 5 53.271 147.418 105.538 Solution 6 39.216 11.117 98.154 Solution 7 38.431 8.826 235.397 Solution 8 42.008 95.136 129.859

[0089] The results in Table 2 show that after adding fly ash and desulfurized gypsum to gangue and mixing with loess in a proportional gradient, the maximum ammonium nitrogen can reach: 533.818 mg / kg, the maximum effective phosphorus content is: 147.418 mg / kg, and the maximum available potassium content is: 240.609 mg / kg. Compared with the nutrient content of pure gangue and pure soil, the ammonium nitrogen index content of scheme 2 is about 1.3 times higher than that of soil, the effective phosphorus index content of scheme 5 is about 7.5 times higher than that of gangue, and the available potassium index content of scheme 4 is about 1.3 times higher than that of gangue. After gangue is mixed with soil, fly ash and desulfurized gypsum, the nutrient content of most schemes is higher than that of pure gangue and soil, indicating that gangue can be mixed with fly ash, soil and desulfurized gypsum to prepare artificial soil, and its nutrient content can be used for plant growth.

[0090] It should be noted that when in use, stones with a maximum length of 20 cm, a width of 10 cm, and a height of 5 cm are added to the inner side of the discharge box 31, and smaller coal gangue will fall into the gap between the discharge plates 312, and larger coal gangue will slide from the upper end of the discharge plate 312 to the inner side of the discharge box 31, and the drive motor 21 is started to drive the driven pulley 24 to rotate by the belt 25, thereby driving a group of crushing rollers 23 to rotate, and the gear 26 is used to drive another group of crushing rollers 23 to rotate, so that the two groups of crushing rollers 23 crush the coal gangue, and the fan 310 is started to heat the The plate 311 blows air, blows hot air into the inner side of the lower material box 31, and dries the coal gangue. Then the hot air is blown into the inner side of the connecting box 35 through the opening 33, and discharged through the air outlet pipe 37. At the same time, the filter screen plate 313 intercepts the larger particles of coal gangue. The rotation of the gear 26 drives the connecting head 58 to deflect, drives the swing rod 57 to rotate on the connecting shaft 56, and pushes the slide bar 52 to slide on the inner side of the sliding shell 51 through the connecting shaft 56, so that the first connecting block 53 pulls the second connecting block 55 to move, and then pulls the installation box 32 through the connecting rod 54 to drive the outer plate The first spring 385 opens when the U-shaped plate 386 is pressed to the upper end of the protective tube 381, and the air outlet pipe 37 continues to move, and the screen 44 is lifted up by the roller 387. As the air outlet pipe 37 moves, the screen 44 presses the roller 387 to press the push shaft 383 downward through the U-shaped plate 386, so that the first baffle 384 moves out from the inner side of the air outlet pipe 37 to open the lower end of the air outlet pipe 37, so that the hot air enters the inner side of the screening frame 41. At the same time, the first spring 385 opens, and when the U-shaped plate 386 is pressed to the upper end of the protective tube 381, the air outlet pipe 37 continues to move, and the screen 44 is lifted up by the roller 387. As the air outlet pipe 37 moves, the screen 44 is lifted up by the roller 387. The back and forth movement of the screen 44 will move up and down, making it convenient for the screen 44 to screen the crushed coal gangue. The push piece 461 will move with the movement of the screen 44, and drive the plug shaft 463 to slide on the inner side of the plug cylinder 464 through the connecting piece 462, so that the second spring 465 can be relaxed. Turning the crank 478 can drive the winding shaft 474 to rotate, and then the winding wheel 475 is used to wind the connecting rope 477, and then the connecting rope 477 is used to pull the screen 44, so as to adjust the tension of the screen 44, thereby adjusting the vibration amplitude of the screen 44, which is convenient for screening of the screen 44.

[0091] It should be noted that after screening is completed, fly ash, soil and desulfurization gypsum are added to the screened coal gangue, and then the mixed coal gangue is added to the mixing equipment through the feed port. The mixing equipment is controlled by a controller to mix the screened coal gangue with fly ash, soil and desulfurization gypsum to obtain coal gangue nutrient soil.

[0092] It should be noted that the gangue nutrient soil is prepared by mixing coal gangue, fly ash, soil and desulfurized gypsum. The gangue and fly ash contain a certain proportion of mineral components, which can increase the gaps between soil particles and improve the air permeability and water retention capacity of the soil. Fly ash and desulfurized gypsum contain a large amount of Ca2+ and sulfate, which can react with the gangue to neutralize and adjust the pH value of the soil. The soil can be different types of soil, which means that the gangue can change the properties of different types of soil and change its undesirable characteristics for preparing the gangue nutrient soil. The prepared gangue nutrient soil can change the barrenness of the original soil, so that the mixed gangue nutrient soil can provide a growth environment for plants. The gangue is mixed with the soil, and the gangue reacts fully with the soil body. The reaction product can enhance the bonding effect between the soil particles. The gangue can also fill the pores of the soil structure, making its structure more compact, thereby enhancing the strength of the soil body. Gangue is a mixture of inorganic matter and a small amount of organic matter. After gangue and soil are mixed, the clay content in the soil increases, resulting in an increase in the cohesion of the mixed soil, which in turn improves the shear strength of the soil. The mineral components in gangue can enhance the durability of the soil and reduce the impact of erosion and weathering on the soil structure. Some nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in gangue can provide necessary nutrients for plant growth. Gangue has a porous structure that can increase the total porosity of the soil and improve the air permeability of the soil, which helps plant roots absorb oxygen and promotes plant growth. At the same time, the pore structure of gangue can also increase the water permeability of the soil, which helps soil drainage and water circulation. It can be used in engineering soils and can also be used to prepare gangue nutrient soil. It not only solves the problem of handling industrial by-products of gangue, fly ash and desulfurization gypsum waste in mining areas, but also solves the adverse properties of soil in engineering and promotes plant growth while reducing costs.

[0093] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A coal gangue nutrient soil preparation and crushing device, comprising a support frame (1) and a crushing mechanism (2), characterized in that: The crushing mechanism (2) comprises a driving motor (21) mounted on the upper end of a support frame (1); a crushing box (22) is fixedly connected to one side of the driving motor (21) at the upper end of the support frame (1); two groups of crushing rollers (23) are rotatably connected to the inner side of the crushing box (22); the front ends of the crushing rollers (23) are rotatably connected to two groups of gears (26); the two groups of gears (26) are meshed with each other; the rear end of one of the two groups of gears (26) is fixedly connected to a driven pulley (24); the output end of the driving motor (21) is fixedly connected to a driving pulley; a belt (25) is provided between the driving pulley and the driven pulley (24); a drying assembly (3) for drying coal gangue is provided at the upper end of the crushing box (22); a screening structure (4) for screening coal gangue is provided at the lower end of the support frame (1); and a transmission mechanism (5) for driving the drying assembly (3) to shake is provided at the front end of the crushing box (22).

2. The preparation and crushing device for coal gangue nutrient soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying assembly (3) comprises a material discharge box (31) fixedly connected to the upper end of the crushing box (22); a mounting box (32) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the material discharge box (31); a fan (310) is mounted inside the mounting box (32); a heating plate (311) is mounted at the front end of the fan (310) inside the mounting box (32); an opening (33) is formed at the front end of the material discharge box (31); a connecting box (35) is slidably connected to the front end of the material discharge box (31); and an air outlet pipe (37) is connected to the front end of the connecting box (35). ), the screening structure (4) comprises a screening frame (41) fixedly connected to the lower end of the support frame (1), the front and rear ends of the screening frame (41) are both provided with sockets (42), the air outlet pipe (37) is U-shaped, the outer side of the air outlet pipe (37) is fixedly connected with two groups of second baffles (39), the two groups of second baffles (39) are respectively closely attached to the front and rear ends of the screening frame (41), the air outlet pipe (37) passes through the screening frame (41) through the two groups of sockets (42), and the outer side of the air outlet pipe (37) is provided with a sealing member (38).

3. The preparation and crushing device for coal gangue nutrient soil according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper and lower ends of the front end opening (33) of the unloading box (31) are respectively fixedly connected with clamping plates (34), and the clamping plates (34) are L-shaped. An outer plate (36) is provided on the outer side of the connection box (35), and the outer plate (36) is slidably connected between the two groups of clamping plates (34).

4. The preparation and crushing device for coal gangue nutrient soil according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of groups of feed plates (312) are fixedly connected to the inner side of the feed box (31), the upper ends of the feed plates (312) are tilted downward, the feed plates (312) are fixedly connected to the front and rear inner walls of the inner side of the feed box (31) at equal distances, the feed plates (312) on the front inner wall of the feed box (31) are symmetrical with the feed plates (312) on the rear inner wall of the feed box (31), the front inner wall of the feed box (31) is fixedly connected to a filter screen plate (313), the filter screen plate (313) is tilted downward, and a scraper (314) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the connection box (35), the scraper (314) is in close contact with the rear end of the filter screen plate (313).

5. The preparation and crushing device for coal gangue nutrient soil according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism (5) comprises a sliding shell (51) fixedly connected to a clamping plate (34) near the lower end of the unloading box (31); a sliding bar (52) is slidably connected to the inner side of the sliding shell (51); a first connecting block (53) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the sliding bar (52); a connecting rod (54) is fixedly connected to one side of the installation box (32); a second connecting block (55) is rotatably connected between the first connecting block (53) and the connecting rod (54); a connecting shaft (56) is fixedly connected to the front end of the connecting shaft (56); a swing rod (57) is rotatably connected to the front end of the swing rod (57); a connecting head (58) is rotatably connected to the rear end of the swing rod (57); and the connecting head (58) is fixedly connected to the gear (26).

6. The preparation and crushing device for coal gangue nutrient soil according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sealing member (38) comprises two groups of protective tubes (381) fixedly connected to the air outlet pipe (37); a fixing plate (382) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the protective tube (381); a push shaft (383) is slidably connected to the inner side of the fixing plate (382); a first baffle (384) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the push shaft (383); a first spring (385) is arranged on the outer side of the push shaft (383); the upper end of the first spring (385) is fixedly connected to the fixing plate (382); the lower end of the first spring (385) is fixedly connected to the first baffle (384); the upper ends of the two groups of push shafts (383) are commonly fixedly connected to a U-shaped plate (386); and a roller (387) is rotatably connected to the inner side of the U-shaped plate (386).

7. The preparation and crushing device for coal gangue nutrient soil according to claim 6, characterized in that: An elastic cloth (43) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the screening frame (41), a screen (44) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the elastic cloth (43), a discharge hole (45) is provided on one side of the screening frame (41), a tensioning mechanism (47) is provided on the other side of the screening frame (41), one end of the screen (44) extends to the outside of the screening frame (41) through the discharge hole (45), a shock absorbing assembly (46) is provided at the lower end of the screen (44), the sealing member (38) is located below the screen (44), and the shock absorbing assembly (46) is provided at the lower end of the screen (44). (46) comprises a push piece (461) fixedly connected to the screen (44), the lower end of the push piece (461) is fixedly connected to a plurality of connecting pieces (462), the inner side of the connecting piece (462) is rotatably connected to an insert shaft (463), the outer side of the insert shaft (463) is slidably connected to an insert cylinder (464), the insert cylinder (464) is fixedly connected to the screening frame (41), the lower end of the insert shaft (463) is fixedly connected to a second spring (465), and the lower end of the second spring (465) is fixedly connected to the screening frame (41).

8. The preparation and crushing device for coal gangue nutrient soil according to claim 7, characterized in that: The tensioning mechanism (47) comprises a stretching plate (471) fixedly connected to the screen (44); two groups of support rods (472) are fixedly connected to both sides of the screening frame (41); a steering shaft (473) and a winding shaft (474) are rotatably connected between the two groups of support rods (472); a steering wheel (476) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the steering shaft (473); a winding wheel (475) is rotatably connected to the outer side of the winding shaft (474); a steering wheel (476) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the winding wheel (475); the steering wheel (476) is fixedly connected to the other end of the steering wheel (476) and the stretching plate (471); and a crank (478) is fixedly connected to the front end of the winding shaft (474).

9. A method for improving the preparation of nutrient soil from coal gangue in mining areas, applied to the preparation and crushing device for nutrient soil from coal gangue as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: crush and screen the large-sized coal gangue to obtain small-sized coal gangue; Step 2: Use XRF and XRD techniques to test the crushed coal gangue, fly ash and desulfurized gypsum to detect the contents of oxides and mineral components respectively; Step 3: After sieving fly ash, desulfurized gypsum and soil, coal gangue, fly ash and desulfurized gypsum and coal gangue, soil and desulfurized gypsum are mixed in a ratio of (5-8): (1-4): 1 to prepare coal gangue nutrient soil; Step 4: Conduct SEM test on the prepared coal gangue nutrient soil and natural organic soil to analyze the differences in the microscopic morphology of the two soils; Step 5: Conduct moisture content, density and liquid and plastic limit tests on the prepared coal gangue nutrient soil and natural organic soil, and measure their bulk density and porosity indicators; Step 6: Using the soil water holding rate test method for each group of coal gangue nutrient soil and natural organic soil, the water retention and loss rate of the prepared coal gangue nutrient soil are measured; Step 7: Using a pH meter and conductivity meter to measure the pH and EC values ​​of each group of coal gangue nutrient soil and natural organic soil, and using an automatic Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer, UV-visible spectrophotometer and flame photometer to measure the contents of hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the two soils respectively; Step 8: Add nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to the gangue nutrient soil and natural organic soil respectively, then put them into nylon sandbags, add water to seal them and place them in a biochemical incubator to measure their total nitrogen release rate and compare the fertilizer release performance of the gangue nutrient soil and natural organic soil at different times; Step 9: Plant the same plant in coal gangue nutrient soil and natural organic soil respectively, measure the plant's germination rate and the growth of roots, stems and leaves to compare the planting performance of the two soils; Step 10: Crush the soil, remove the impurities, conduct water content, density, liquid limit and compaction tests, and measure its bulk density, water permeability, conductivity and porosity; Step 11: Mixing coal gangue of different particle sizes with soil to prepare soil samples with different particle sizes and different amounts of coal gangue; Step 12: Determine the bulk density, water permeability, electrical conductivity and porosity of the matrix after mixing coal gangue with different particle sizes and different dosages with soil; Step 13: Subject the prepared soil samples to unconfined compression, direct shear and consolidation tests.

10. The method for preparing and improving nutrient soil of coal gangue in mining areas according to claim 9, characterized in that: The coal gangue contains some organic matter, the soil includes silt, sand, clay and special soil, the crushed particle size of the coal gangue is: 0.074-5mm, the desulfurized gypsum in the coal gangue nutrient soil is quantitative, the mixing ratio of the coal gangue, fly ash and desulfurized gypsum and the coal gangue, soil and desulfurized gypsum is: (5-8): (1-4): 1, and the mixing ratio of coal gangue to soil is: 1: (1-9), 2: (1-9), 3: (1-9).

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