Overground artificial canal and construction method thereof

Abstract

An overground artificial canal comprises a main channel, auxiliary channels and artificial dams, the auxiliary channels are arranged on the two sides of the main channel, the artificial dams are arranged on the peripheries of the auxiliary channels, the artificial canal is excavated on the basis of the original ground, the main channel is formed through ground excavation, riverbeds of the auxiliary channels are the original ground, and the artificial dams are arranged on the original ground. And a certain gap is formed between the artificial dam and the main channel, so that an auxiliary channel is formed on the original ground between the artificial dam and the main channel, and the artificial canal forms a ten-thousand-ton round channel of which the water surface is always higher than the original ground.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of canals, and in particular relates to an above-ground artificial canal and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Most inland canals are mainly formed by connecting rivers, lakes, depressions and lowlands of existing water systems by digging artificial canals and cross-mountain canals. The common characteristics of this kind of artificial canal are that the canal is interconnected and shared with the rivers of the natural water system. The water surface of the canal is lower than the ground, the water depth of the channel is shallow, and the navigation capacity is weak. Surface water, silt, dirt, etc. can easily enter the canal channel through the ground ditch or natural river channel, causing siltation and blockage, requiring regular dredging and maintenance, and the maintenance cost is extremely high. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is the world's longest and oldest artificial canal, and it is also the most important water transportation artery. It is transformed from rivers, lakes, depressions and lowlands formed by natural water systems. The largest navigable ship is 1,000 to 2,000 tons. However, due to flooding and silt deposition in the Huaihe River, Yellow River and Haihe River, the canal channel is often silted up, requiring year-round dredging and maintenance. The main shortcomings of artificial canals on the market are: the force of the artificial canal channel is unbalanced. The channel structure of an inland canal is generally a U-shaped ground ditch that is concave downward. Since the water density is low, the soil density is high, and the water surface in the ditch is not level with the ground, this leads to a long-term imbalance in the forces between the ditch and the surrounding original ground soil. The embankments on both sides and the soil on the original ground have a downward gravity, the soil on both sides of the ditch has a lateral pressure facing the ditch due to gravity, and the riverbed at the bottom of the ditch is squeezed by the gravity of the soil on both sides to form an upward lifting force. The combined effect of these three forces causes the artificial canal channel structure to be in a state of imbalance for a long time, which is easy to cause the collapse and sliding of the soil on both sides of the river channel and the gradual lifting of the riverbed and bottom, making it impossible to navigate normally. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above shortcomings, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an above-ground artificial canal and a construction method thereof, wherein the water surface of the canal is raised through an artificial dam and is higher than the original ground, thereby increasing the depth of the artificial canal and improving the navigability, while reducing the squeezing pressure at the bottom of the artificial canal, achieving a pressure balance between the water body of the artificial canal and the soil bodies of the dams on both sides and the riverbed, and slowing down and preventing the lifting speed of the riverbed of the artificial canal.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: An artificial canal on the ground, the artificial canal is excavated on the original ground, and comprises: a main channel; Auxiliary channels are arranged on both sides of the main channel, and the bottom surface of the auxiliary channels is located on the same plane as the surface of the original undisturbed ground; Artificial dams are arranged on the periphery of the secondary channel, and the secondary channel is formed on the original ground through artificial dams.

[0005] As a preferred solution of the present invention, a breakwater is provided at the connection between the artificial dam and the secondary channel.

[0006] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the artificial dam includes a wetland swamp area and a dam road area, the wetland swamp area is arranged outside the secondary waterway, and the dam road area is arranged outside the wetland swamp area.

[0007] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the height of the embankment road area is greater than that of the wetland swamp area.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a remote dike and a lattice dike are arranged on the outside of the artificial dike. The remote dike is at least 5 meters high and the lattice dike is at least 4 meters high. The remote dike is arranged parallel to the artificial dike, and the lattice dike is arranged vertically to the remote dike and the artificial dike, and the height of the lattice dike is lower than that of the remote dike and the artificial dike.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the main channel and the secondary channel are connected by a channel slope transition, and the artificial dam and the secondary channel are connected by a dam slope transition.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the height of the artificial dam is at least 5 meters, so as to form a secondary channel with a depth of at least 5 meters on the original ground.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the depth difference between the secondary channel and the main channel is at least 5 meters.

[0012] The above-mentioned method for constructing an artificial canal on the ground comprises the following construction steps: S1, excavation of the original ground to form the main channel; S2, separation of soil and rocks generated by excavation of the main channel; S3, stacking soil on the periphery of the main channel to form an artificial embankment, and ensuring a certain distance between the artificial embankment and the main channel to form a secondary channel between the artificial embankment and the main channel; S4, stacking the rocks from the main channel excavation process on the channel slope and embankment slope; S5, using rocks from the excavation of the main channel to construct the breakwater; S6, planting green plants and constructing roads on the artificial embankment, so that the artificial embankment forms a wetland swamp area and an embankment road area; S7: Build remote dikes and lattice dikes within 1-2 kilometers outside the artificial dikes and carry out greening.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) since the water level of the artificial canal is higher than the original ground, almost no low-altitude rivers and silt from the local water system can enter the canal waterway except for the high-altitude upstream water sources, and the local silt will not accumulate in the canal, ensuring that the water depth and water level of the waterway are very stable, which can greatly save the canal maintenance and upkeep costs and extend its service life.

[0014] (2) Since the water surface elevation of the artificial canal is higher than the surrounding original ground, the water pressure in the canal forms a long-term stable pressure balance state on the embankment soil and riverbed on both sides, which can prevent the loosening, slippage and instability of the internal soil on both sides of the canal channel and the uplift of the riverbed, reduce the collapse of the dam body and the siltation caused by the uplift of the riverbed, and reduce the maintenance cost of the canal.

[0015] (3) Since the water surface elevation of the artificial canal is higher than the surrounding original ground, the depth and water level of the river can be increased or adjusted by using the height of the embankments on both sides. This not only meets the water depth requirements for navigation of 10,000-ton ships and greatly improves shipping efficiency, but also greatly increases the water volume and efficiency of the canal, thus facilitating the restoration of the ecological environment in water-scarce areas.

[0016] (4) Using soil and stones from the main channel excavation to build artificial embankments reduces the transportation cost of excavated soil and the cost of soil and stone materials required for artificial embankment construction. At the same time, it reduces the input of external soil and stones, thereby reducing the impact of external input materials on local soil and water quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a force diagram of an existing natural river, ditch or artificial canal.

[0018] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the artificial canal of the present application.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the artificial canal of the present application.

[0020] Figure numerals: main channel 1, secondary channel 2, artificial embankment 3, wetland swamp area 3-1, embankment road area 3-2, breakwater 4, channel slope 5, embankment slope 6, weir 7, original ground 8, artificial canal water surface 9, remote embankment 10, lattice embankment 11. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0022] An artificial canal on the ground comprises: a main channel 1, a secondary channel 2 and an artificial dam 3, wherein the secondary channel 2 is arranged on both sides of the main channel 1, and the artificial dam 3 is arranged on the periphery of the secondary channel 2. The artificial canal is excavated on the basis of original ground, the main channel 1 is formed by ground excavation, the riverbed of the secondary channel 2 is the undisturbed original ground 8, the artificial dam 3 is arranged on the original ground, and a certain gap is provided between the artificial dam 3 and the main channel 1, thereby forming the secondary channel 2 on the original ground 8 between the artificial dam 3 and the main channel 1.

[0023] The main channel 1 is in the middle of the canal, with the original ground 8 as the dividing line, and is excavated from the original ground 8 to a depth of 5 to 10 meters. The width of the main channel 1 is determined according to the construction conditions of the artificial canal and the width requirements of the artificial canal. The excavated soil is piled on the original ground at a certain distance on both sides of the main channel 1 to form an artificial embankment 3. The soil excavated from the main channel and the soil required for the piled soil on the original ground of the embankments on both sides are in a dynamic equilibrium relationship, that is, the soil produced by the excavation of the main channel 1 is directly used for the construction of the artificial embankment 3, thereby reducing the cost of soil transportation and the construction of the artificial embankment 3. The stacking height of the artificial embankment 3 is at least 5 meters, and preferably, the stacking height of the artificial embankment 3 is 6-8 meters, so as to ensure that the secondary channel 2 has a depth of at least 5 meters. The water surface 9 of the artificial canal is higher than the original ground 8, lower than the embankment road area 3-2, and basically level with the wetland swamp area 3-1, so as to ensure that the main channel 1 has a water depth of at least 10 meters and the secondary channel 2 has a water depth of at least 5 meters.

[0024] A breakwater 4 is provided at the connection between the artificial embankment 3 and the secondary channel 2. The breakwater 4 is made of stacked gravel or block stones, 1 to 2 meters above the water surface of the canal, and serves as the first embankment to protect wetlands and lakes and to block the impact and damage of water waves and ship waves. It is also an important place for various aquatic plants and animals to live and reproduce. Preferably, the gravel and stones in the breakwater 4 are obtained during the excavation of the main channel 1, which can reduce the cost of stone transportation. At the same time, the artificial embankment 3 and the breakwater 4 are soil and stones produced by on-site excavation, which reduces the impact of external soil and stones on the pH of the water quality caused by the construction of the artificial canal, and the insufficient part of the stones is imported from the outside.

[0025] The artificial embankment 3 includes a wetland swamp area 3-1 and an embankment road area 3-2. The wetland swamp area 3-1 is arranged outside the secondary channel 2, and the embankment road area 3-2 is arranged outside the wetland swamp area 3-1. The embankment road area 3-2 is higher than the height of the wetland swamp area 3-1. Preferably, the height difference between the wetland swamp area 3-1 and the embankment road area 3-2 is 1 to 3 meters. The height of the wetland swamp area 3-1 is basically the same as the water surface 9 of the artificial canal, which plays the role of enclosing the first embankment of the artificial canal to prevent the overflow of the canal water. At the same time, the wetland swamp area 3-1 can be planted and raised with various animals and plants, which plays the role of fixing the soil in the wetland swamp area 3-1, greening and beautifying the canal and biological purification, and its agricultural land nature remains unchanged. The embankment road area 3-2 can be used for road transportation and plays the role of enclosing the second embankment of the artificial canal. Both sides of the embankment road area 3-2 can be greened and beautified.

[0026] The cross-sectional shapes of the wetland swamp area 3-1 and the embankment road area 3-2 are both trapezoidal structures. The wetland swamp area 3-1 and the secondary channel 2 are transitionally connected by the embankment slope 6. The breakwater 4 is arranged on the embankment slope 6 to prevent water flow and water waves from scouring the wetland swamp area 3-1 and causing soil erosion in the wetland swamp area 3-1.

[0027] The main channel 1 and the secondary channel 2 are transitionally connected by a channel slope 5. Preferably, the channel slope 5 is built by piling up larger stones found during the excavation of the main channel 1 to ensure that the channel slope 5 has a certain stability and prevent the soil in the secondary channel 2 from being squeezed into the main channel 1. The insufficient part of the stones is input from the outside.

[0028] A remote dike 10 and a lattice dike 11 are arranged outside the artificial dike 3, so as to form a river or depression outside the artificial dike 3, wherein the remote dike 10 is arranged parallel to the artificial dike 3, and the lattice dike 11 is arranged perpendicular to the remote dike 10 and the artificial dike 3, and the height of the lattice dike 11 is lower than the height of the remote dike 10 and the artificial dike 3. Preferably, the remote dike 10 and the lattice dike 11 are arranged within 1 to 2 kilometers outside the artificial dike 3, and the remote dike and the lattice dike are formed by stacking soil or stones, which play the role of the third dike in the event of an accident to the artificial canal dike. The grid-shaped rivers, depressions, and lowlands enclosed between the remote dike, the lattice dike and the artificial dike 3 can be greened or developed for breeding, or can be used to store water and flood, and the nature of the agricultural land remains unchanged.

[0029] The artificial canal on the ground is planned by the gravity flow characteristics, contour lines and gradient of the water from the upstream water source, and the water level and water depth of the canal are controlled by the weir 7 in the artificial canal. The flow and flow rate of the artificial canal are controlled by the amount of water, and the artificial canal on the ground takes the clean water source at a high altitude upstream of the river, which is not related to the local low-altitude surface water and river water along the route of the artificial canal, so it can avoid mixing with the local surface water and river water to ensure that the upstream high-quality water source is not polluted. In addition to the upstream water source at a high altitude, as long as the principle of water self-flow (flow from high to low) is met, any mountain, hill, plain, lowland, and depression below the upstream water source can be planned and constructed into an artificial canal network.

[0030] This artificial canal is dug 5 to 10 meters below the original ground and raised 5 to 6 meters above the original ground through artificial dams. The water depth of the main channel 1 of the artificial canal is more than 10 meters. By borrowing the superposition of the natural river surface and the ground, and the ground and the ground, the water depth can be used by 10,000-ton ships, and it also creates conditions for the construction of deep-water channels and deep-water ports for river-sea transport on land.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, F1 is the gravity of soil; F2 is the lateral pressure of soil; F3 is the lifting force of riverbed; F4 is the lateral pressure of water; and F5 is the gravity of water body. Since the sunken river channel or ditch produces a force vacuum, and the density of water is less than that of soil, and the water level is lower than the original ground, the natural river channel or ditch is in a state of force imbalance for a long time, that is, F1+F2+F3>F4+F5, which makes the soil on both sides prone to collapse and slide, and the riverbed is prone to rise, causing siltation and obstruction of the waterway.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, F11 is the gravity of the soil of the artificial dam; F22 is the lateral pressure of the soil of the artificial canal; F33 is the lifting force of the riverbed of the artificial canal; F44 is the lateral pressure of the water of the artificial canal; F55 is the gravity of the water of the main channel of the artificial canal; and F66 is the gravity of the water of the secondary channel of the artificial canal. Since the gravity of the soil of the artificial dam acts on the original ground, the gravity of the soil of F11 is divided into the force on the original ground and the force on the slope 6 of the dam, and a breakwater 4 is provided on the slope 6 of the dam, and the force on the slope 6 of the dam is neutralized by the breakwater 4. Since the water surface 9 of the artificial canal is higher than the original ground 8, the water pressure can be balanced with the lateral pressure of the soil at the artificial dam 3 and the channel slope 5 on both sides and the lifting force of the riverbed, that is, F66+F55+F44≥F11+F22+F33, so that the artificial dam 3 and the channel slope 5 and the riverbed of the main channel 1 are in a relatively stable state and the riverbed is prevented from lifting.

[0033] The above-mentioned method for constructing an artificial canal on the ground comprises the following construction steps: S1, according to the principle of gravity flow and the planned route of contour lines and gradients, the original ground is excavated to form the main channel 1; S2, separating the soil and rocks from the earthwork produced by excavating the main channel 1, wherein the rocks are concentratedly piled on the riverbed of the excavated main channel 1; S3, stacking soil on the periphery of the main channel 1 to form an artificial embankment 3, and ensuring that there is a certain distance between the artificial embankment 3 and the main channel 1, so as to form a secondary channel 2 between the artificial embankment 3 and the main channel 1; S4, the stones from the excavation of the main channel 1 are stacked at the channel slope 5 and the dam slope 6, and the insufficient stones can be imported from the outside, so as to form a breakwater 4 at the dam slope 6, and at the same time, the anti-collapse capacity of the channel slope 5 can be ensured; S5, constructing the breakwater 4 using stones from the excavation process of the main channel 1; S6, planting green plants and constructing roads on the artificial embankment 3, so that the artificial embankment 3 forms a wetland swamp area 3-1 and an embankment road area 3-2; S7: Build remote dikes 10 and grid dikes 11 within 1-2 km outside the artificial dikes and carry out greening.

[0034] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention; therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0035] Although this article uses more terms corresponding to the figure marks in the figures, it does not exclude the possibility of using other terms; these terms are used only to more conveniently describe and explain the essence of the present invention; interpreting them as any additional limitations is contrary to the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. An artificial canal on the ground, characterized in that: The artificial canal is excavated on the original ground (8), and comprises: Main Channel (1); A secondary channel (2) is arranged on both sides of the main channel (1), and the bottom surface of the secondary channel (2) is located on the same plane as the surface of the original ground (8); The artificial dam (3) is arranged on the periphery of the secondary channel (2), and the secondary channel (2) is formed on the original ground (8) through the artificial dam (3).

2. An above-ground artificial canal according to claim 1, characterized in that: A breakwater (4) is provided at the connection between the artificial dam (3) and the secondary channel (2).

3. The above-ground artificial canal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The artificial dam (3) comprises a wetland swamp area (3-1) and a dam road area (3-2), wherein the wetland swamp area (3-1) is arranged outside the secondary waterway (2), and the dam road area (3-2) is arranged outside the wetland swamp area (3-1).

4. An above-ground artificial canal according to claim 3, characterized in that: The height of the embankment road area (3-2) is greater than that of the wetland swamp area (3-1).

5. The above-ground artificial canal according to claim 1, characterized in that: A remote dike (10) and a lattice dike (11) are arranged outside the artificial dike (3); the remote dike (10) is arranged parallel to the artificial dike (3); the lattice dike (11) is arranged perpendicular to the remote dike (10) and the artificial dike (3); and the height of the lattice dike (11) is lower than the heights of the remote dike (10) and the artificial dike (3).

6. The above-ground artificial canal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main channel (1) and the secondary channel (2) are transitionally connected via a channel slope (5), and the artificial dam (3) and the secondary channel (2) are transitionally connected via a dam slope (6).

7. The above-ground artificial canal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the artificial dam (3) is at least 5 meters, so as to form a secondary channel (2) with a depth of at least 5 meters on the original ground.

8. The above-ground artificial canal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth difference between the secondary channel (2) and the main channel (1) is at least 5 meters.

9. A method for constructing an above-ground artificial canal according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The construction steps include: S1, excavation of the original ground to form the main channel (1); S2, separating the soil and rocks produced by excavation of the main channel (1); S3, stacking soil on the periphery of the main channel (1) to form an artificial embankment (3), and ensuring that there is a certain distance between the artificial embankment (3) and the main channel (1), so as to form a secondary channel (2) between the artificial embankment (3) and the main channel (1); S4, stacking the rocks from the excavation of the main channel (1) on the channel slope (5) and the embankment slope (6); S5, constructing the breakwater (4) using stones from the excavation of the main channel (1); S6, planting green plants and constructing roads on the artificial embankment (3), so that the artificial embankment (3) forms a wetland swamp area (3-1) and an embankment road area (3-2).

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