Graded blasting device and blasting method based on gas blasting

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of blasting, and particularly relates to a graded blasting device based on gas blasting, which comprises a metal outer sleeve, and an exhaust part is arranged on the metal outer sleeve; the outer fracturing pipe is coaxially arranged in the metal outer sleeve, the outer fracturing pipe is detonated in advance through a second detonating part, and the outer fracturing pipe is filled with a first explosive; the inner fracturing pipe is coaxially arranged in the outer fracturing pipe, the inner fracturing pipe is delayed and detonated through the first detonating part, and the inner fracturing pipe is filled with a second explosive; and a vacuum layer is arranged between the outer fracturing pipe and the inner fracturing pipe. The invention further comprises a blasting method using the device. The first explosive in the outer fracturing pipe is detonated in the detonating process, then the second explosive in the inner fracturing pipe is detonated in a delayed mode in a short time, the rock breaking effect is achieved through detonating of the outer fracturing pipe, the inner fracturing pipe is detonated again to enable rock cracks to expand to be larger and deeper, and the rock breaking efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of blasting, and in particular relates to a graded blasting device and a blasting method based on gas blasting. Background Art

[0002] Gas blasting technology, as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional explosive blasting, mainly breaks up the target medium by using the high-pressure gas generated when the material is gasified and expanded. This method is favored because of its simple operation, high safety and small environmental impact. However, the existing gas blasting system still faces some challenges and limitations in practical application.

[0003] Conventional gas blasting devices are usually single-shot blasting, and a large amount of energy generated by the explosion is usually used to generate cracks in the rock, which will lead to unsatisfactory rock breaking effect, low mining efficiency and other problems. Therefore, a graded blasting device and blasting method based on gas blasting are urgently needed to solve the problem. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a graded blasting device and a blasting method based on gas blasting to solve the above problems.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] A graded blasting device based on gas blasting, comprising:

[0007] A metal outer sleeve, wherein the metal outer sleeve is provided with an exhaust portion;

[0008] An external fracturing tube is coaxially arranged in the metal outer sleeve, the external fracturing tube is first detonated by the second detonating part, and the external fracturing tube is filled with a first explosive;

[0009] An inner fracturing tube, coaxially arranged in the outer fracturing tube, the inner fracturing tube is detonated later by the first detonating part, and the inner fracturing tube is filled with a second explosive;

[0010] A vacuum layer is provided between the outer fracturing tube and the inner fracturing tube.

[0011] Optionally, the vacuum layer is coaxially arranged between the inner fracturing tube and the outer fracturing tube, the inner wall of the vacuum layer is arranged in contact with the outer wall of the inner fracturing tube, the outer wall of the vacuum layer is arranged in contact with the inner wall of the outer fracturing tube, the end of the vacuum layer is sealed, and the vacuum layer is connected to an exhaust pipe for connecting to a vacuum extraction device.

[0012] Optionally, the external fracturing tube is a tubular structure, a first cavity for accommodating the first explosive is opened in the tube wall of the external fracturing tube, and the first cavity is connected to a first liquid inlet pipe for injecting the first explosive;

[0013] A second cavity for accommodating the second explosive is provided in the inner fracturing tube, and the second cavity is connected to a second liquid inlet pipe for injecting the second explosive.

[0014] Optionally, the first explosive is liquid oxygen.

[0015] Optionally, the second explosive is liquid nitrogen.

[0016] Optionally, a wetting layer is provided between the inner wall of the metal outer sleeve and the outer wall of the outer fracturing tube, and the wetting layer is a mixture of coal powder and sawdust or paper scraps soaked in sodium chloride solution.

[0017] Optionally, the exhaust portion includes a plurality of exhaust holes, the exhaust holes are opened on the metal outer sleeve, and sealing sheets are attached to the exhaust holes.

[0018] Optionally, a plurality of the exhaust holes are arranged in a matrix and circumferentially and evenly spaced apart on the outside of the metal outer sleeve.

[0019] Optionally, the first detonating part includes a first detonating device, which is used to detonate the inner fracturing tube; the second detonating part includes a second detonating device, which is used to detonate the outer fracturing tube; the first detonating device and the second detonating device have the same structure, and both the first detonating device and the second detonating device are remotely controlled electric spark detonating devices.

[0020] A blasting method, using the above-mentioned graded blasting device based on gas blasting, comprises the following steps:

[0021] S1. Drilling a hole in a target area on the ground to form a tunnel, wherein the tunnel has a depth of 1-3 m;

[0022] S2, using a high-pressure inflator to fill the first explosive and the second explosive into the outer fracturing tube and the inner fracturing tube respectively;

[0023] S3, using a vacuuming device to exhaust the air in the vacuum layer;

[0024] S4, placing a graded blasting device into the hole, and connecting the second detonating part and the first detonating part with electrical wires, respectively, after the second detonating part detonates the outer fracturing tube, the first detonating part delays 0.2 seconds to detonate the inner fracturing tube.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0026] When in use, the first explosive in the outer fracturing tube is first detonated by the second detonator, and then the second explosive in the inner fracturing tube is delayed and detonated by the first detonator in a short time. The rock breaking effect is achieved by detonating the outer fracturing tube, and the inner fracturing tube is detonated again to expand the rock cracks to a larger and deeper size, thereby improving the rock breaking efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor:

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention when in use;

[0030] Among them, 1. inner fracturing tube; 2. outer fracturing tube; 3. vacuum layer; 4. infiltration layer; 5. exhaust hole; 6. metal outer casing; 7. first detonating device; 8. second detonating device; 9. first liquid inlet pipe; 10. exhaust pipe; 11. second liquid inlet pipe; 12. channel; 13. ground. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 to Figure 2 The present invention discloses a gas explosion-based graded explosion device, comprising:

[0034] A metal outer sleeve 6, on which an exhaust portion is provided;

[0035] The outer fracturing tube 2 is coaxially arranged in the metal outer sleeve 6. The outer fracturing tube 2 is first detonated by the second detonating part, and the outer fracturing tube 2 is filled with the first explosive.

[0036] The inner fracturing tube 1 is coaxially arranged in the outer fracturing tube 2. The inner fracturing tube 1 is detonated later by the first detonating part. The inner fracturing tube 1 is filled with a second explosive.

[0037] A vacuum layer 3 is provided between the outer fracturing tube 2 and the inner fracturing tube 1 .

[0038] Furthermore, the outer fracturing tube 2 is made of a brittle material, and the outer fracturing tube 2 breaks after the explosion.

[0039] When in use, the first explosive in the outer fracturing tube 2 is first detonated by the second detonator, and then the second explosive in the inner fracturing tube 1 is delayed and detonated by the first detonator in a short time. The outer fracturing tube 2 is detonated to achieve the effect of rock breaking, and the inner fracturing tube 1 is detonated again to expand the rock cracks to a larger and deeper size, thereby improving the rock breaking efficiency.

[0040] As an optional embodiment, the vacuum layer 3 is coaxially arranged between the inner fracturing tube 1 and the outer fracturing tube 2, the inner wall of the vacuum layer 3 is in contact with the outer wall of the inner fracturing tube 1, the outer wall of the vacuum layer 3 is in contact with the inner wall of the outer fracturing tube 2, the end of the vacuum layer 3 is sealed, and the vacuum layer 3 is connected to an exhaust pipe 10 for connecting to a vacuum pumping device.

[0041] As an optional embodiment, the external fracturing tube 2 is a tubular structure, a first cavity for accommodating the first explosive is opened in the tube wall of the external fracturing tube 2, and the first cavity is connected to a first liquid inlet pipe 9 for injecting the first explosive;

[0042] A second cavity for accommodating a second explosive is provided in the inner fracturing tube 1 , and the second cavity is connected to a second liquid inlet pipe 11 for injecting the second explosive.

[0043] As an optional implementation, the first explosive is liquid oxygen.

[0044] As an optional implementation, the second explosive is liquid nitrogen.

[0045] By selecting liquid oxygen as the first explosive and liquid nitrogen as the second explosive, and then igniting the liquid nitrogen after the liquid oxygen is detonated, compared to the traditional use of liquid carbon dioxide as an explosive, the diffusion of oxygen and nitrogen into the atmosphere after the explosion will not cause a greenhouse effect and will not affect the atmospheric environment.

[0046] As an optional embodiment, a wetting layer 4 is provided between the inner wall of the metal outer sleeve 6 and the outer wall of the outer fracturing tube 2 , and the wetting layer 4 is a mixture of coal powder and sawdust or paper scraps soaked in sodium chloride solution.

[0047] The wetting layer 4 plays a role in supporting combustion and enhancing the explosion power.

[0048] As an optional implementation, the exhaust part includes a plurality of exhaust holes 5 , the exhaust holes 5 are opened on the metal outer sleeve 6 , and a sealing sheet is attached to the exhaust holes 5 .

[0049] As an optional implementation, a plurality of exhaust holes 5 are arranged in a matrix at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the outside of the metal outer sleeve 6 .

[0050] Specifically, four exhaust holes 5 are provided, which are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction at the bottom of the metal outer sleeve 6 .

[0051] As an optional embodiment, the first detonating part includes a first detonating device 7, which is used to detonate the inner fracturing tube 1. The second detonating part includes a second detonating device 8, which is used to detonate the outer fracturing tube 2. The first detonating device 7 and the second detonating device 8 have the same structure. Both the first detonating device 7 and the second detonating device 8 are remotely controlled electric spark detonating devices.

[0052] A blasting method, using the above-mentioned graded blasting device based on gas blasting, comprises the following steps:

[0053] S1, drilling a hole 12 in a target area on the ground 13, the depth of the hole 12 being 1-3 m;

[0054] S2, using a high-pressure inflator to fill the first explosive and the second explosive into the outer fracturing tube 2 and the inner fracturing tube 1 respectively;

[0055] S3, using a vacuuming device to exhaust the air in the vacuum layer 3;

[0056] S4, placing the graded blasting device into the channel 12, and connecting the second detonating part and the first detonating part with electrical wires, after the second detonating part detonates the outer fracturing tube 2, the first detonating part delays 0.2 seconds to detonate the inner fracturing tube 1.

[0057] Liquid gas preparation:

[0058] (1) Liquid nitrogen is a colorless gas with a total expansion ratio of up to 696:1. It is stored in an ultra-low temperature and high pressure environment with a boiling point of -196°C.

[0059] (2) Liquid oxygen is a light blue liquid with a total expansion ratio of up to 860:1. The storage environment of liquid oxygen is ultra-low temperature and high pressure, with the temperature not exceeding -200°C.

[0060] S1: Drilling a hole in the target area to form a tunnel 12, the depth of the tunnel 1 is 1-3m;

[0061] S2: Using a high-pressure inflator to charge liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen into the inner fracturing tube 1 and the outer fracturing tube 2 respectively;

[0062] S3: using a vacuuming device to extract the air in the vacuum layer 3 from the exhaust pipe 10 to achieve a vacuum state and closing the exhaust pipe 10;

[0063] S4: Place the entire device into the channel 12, and connect the detonating device 7 and the detonating device 8 with electrical wires respectively. After the installation is ready, start the detonating device to detonate the device. The detonation is carried out in a delayed detonation manner. First, the outer fracturing tube 2 is detonated. The outer fracturing tube 2 is filled with liquid oxygen. The expansion ratio of liquid oxygen is higher than that of liquid nitrogen. The setting of the wetting layer 4 plays a role in assisting combustion and increasing the explosion power, and the rock breaking effect is more ideal. Set a delay of 0.2s before detonating the inner fracturing tube 1 to achieve the effect of first breaking the rock and then expanding the rock to a larger range, and the blasting efficiency is higher.

[0064] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0065] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A graded blasting device based on gas blasting, characterized in that: include: A metal outer sleeve (6), wherein the metal outer sleeve (6) is provided with an exhaust portion; An external fracturing tube (2) is coaxially arranged in the metal outer sleeve (6), the external fracturing tube (2) is first detonated by a second detonating part, and the external fracturing tube (2) is filled with a first explosive; An inner fracturing tube (1) is coaxially arranged inside the outer fracturing tube (2), the inner fracturing tube (1) is detonated with a delay by a first detonating part, and the inner fracturing tube (1) is filled with a second explosive; A vacuum layer (3) is provided between the outer fracturing tube (2) and the inner fracturing tube (1).

2. A gas explosion-based staged blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vacuum layer (3) is coaxially arranged between the inner fracturing tube (1) and the outer fracturing tube (2); the inner wall of the vacuum layer (3) is arranged in contact with the outer wall of the inner fracturing tube (1); the outer wall of the vacuum layer (3) is arranged in contact with the inner wall of the outer fracturing tube (2); the end of the vacuum layer (3) is sealed; and the vacuum layer (3) is connected to an exhaust pipe (10) for connecting to a vacuum extraction device.

3. A gas explosion-based staged blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external fracturing tube (2) is a tubular structure, a first cavity for accommodating the first explosive is provided in the wall of the external fracturing tube (2), and the first cavity is connected to a first liquid inlet pipe (9) for injecting the first explosive; The inner fracturing tube (1) is provided with a second cavity for accommodating the second explosive, and the second cavity is connected to a second liquid inlet pipe (11) for injecting the second explosive.

4. A gas explosion-based staged blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first explosive is liquid oxygen.

5. A gas explosion-based staged blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second explosive is liquid nitrogen.

6. A gas explosion-based staged blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A wetting layer (4) is provided between the inner wall of the metal outer sleeve (6) and the outer wall of the outer fracturing tube (2), and the wetting layer (4) is a mixture of coal powder and sawdust or paper scraps that has been soaked in sodium chloride solution.

7. A gas explosion-based staged explosion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust portion comprises a plurality of exhaust holes (5), wherein the exhaust holes (5) are provided on the metal outer sleeve (6), and a sealing sheet is attached to the exhaust holes (5).

8. A gas explosion-based staged blasting device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of exhaust holes (5) are arranged in a matrix at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the outside of the metal outer sleeve (6).

9. A gas explosion-based staged blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first detonating part comprises a first detonating device (7), the first detonating device (7) being used for detonating the inner fracturing tube (1); the second detonating part comprises a second detonating device (8), the second detonating device (8) being used for detonating the outer fracturing tube (2); the first detonating device (7) and the second detonating device (8) are of the same structure, and both the first detonating device (7) and the second detonating device (8) are electric spark detonating devices that can be remotely controlled.

10. A blasting method, using a gas blasting-based graded blasting device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, drilling a hole in a target area of ​​the ground (13) to form a tunnel (12), wherein the depth of the tunnel (12) is 1-3 m; S2, using a high-pressure inflator to fill the first explosive and the second explosive into the outer fracturing tube (2) and the inner fracturing tube (1) respectively; S3, using a vacuuming device to exhaust the air in the vacuum layer (3); S4, placing a graded blasting device into the hole (12), and connecting the second detonating part and the first detonating part respectively with electric wires, so that after the second detonating part detonates the outer fracturing tube (2), the first detonating part delays 0.2 seconds to detonate the inner fracturing tube (1).

Images