Novel rail unloading operation vehicle and operation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a novel rail unloading operation vehicle and an operation method thereof. A novel rail unloading operation vehicle comprises a hook buffer device, a handrail, a bogie, a boarding ladder, a steel rail traction device, an electrical system, a braking system, a rail unloading device, a welding machine storage platform, a guiding device, a rail shifting device, a vehicle frame and a cab. According to the novel rail unloading operation vehicle, steel rails are deformed to one side from the middle of the vehicle within allowable stress through the vehicle and fall into the center of the rail or the side of the rail through the guiding device or directly fall into the rail bearing groove, and the long steel rails are transported, welded and unloaded in cooperation with the rail welding vehicle and the rail transporting vehicle; the steel rail can pass through the lower part of the cab, so that a transverse displacement space is vacated for rail unloading operation; alignment with a welding machine of a rail welding vehicle is facilitated, the rail unloading position is flexible, and possibility is provided for integrated construction of rail overhaul; the steel rail is moved to the multiple rail unloading positions from the horizontal center position through the guide device, the variable site construction environment can be used, and convenience is provided for follow-up construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of railway engineering machinery, and in particular to a novel rail unloading operation vehicle and an operation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the construction and maintenance of railways, the unloading of long rails is indispensable. When the long rails are transported to the construction site, the rails need to be unloaded from the transport vehicle to the ground by a rail unloading vehicle so as to continue the rail replacement construction. Due to different construction site environments, sometimes the long rails need to be unloaded to the center of the track, and sometimes they need to be unloaded to the side of the road. The existing main construction method is to limit the position of the rail unloading at the end of the rail transport vehicle in combination with a certain guide device, and fix one end of the rail on the ground after the rail falls to the ground, and the vehicle moves as a whole to unload the rail. This method cannot accurately determine the landing position of the rail. In complex working conditions such as large slopes, small limits, and small radii such as subways, it is often difficult to put the rails directly into the groove, which limits the development of related fields. In addition, since the rails often need to be welded and polished in the middle of the vehicle before unloading, and the overall length of the vehicle is limited, the processed rails need to be horizontally moved to one side of the vehicle within a certain distance so as to be unloaded to one side of the rail bearing groove or one side of the road, which puts forward requirements for the control of the deformation stress of the rails.

[0003] Patents CN2126711Y, CN201863841U and CN102009657B disclose different types of rail engineering machinery suitable for rail unloading. These rail unloading machines adopt basically the same rail unloading method, and are unable to adjust the position of the rails within a short distance. There is no buffering and protection for the rail heads when the rails fall to the ground. The rail unloading process without a rail drop buffer device is prone to damage to the rail heads. The horizontal displacement adjustment of the rails requires too long a distance, which wastes the length of the entire vehicle. It is not suitable for construction sites such as subway tunnels where the length of the entire vehicle is restricted. In addition, there is no driver's cab with a raised bottom. The driver's cab occupies the space for unloading and adjusting the position of the rails, which means that it does not have the ability to travel alone and is not flexible enough when performing marshaling operations with rail transport vehicles.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a novel rail unloading operation vehicle and an operation method thereof to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a novel rail unloading operation vehicle and an operation method thereof, which solve the problems that the position of the rails cannot be adjusted within a short distance, there is no buffering and protection for the rail heads when the rails fall to the ground, the rail unloading process without a rail unloading guide device is prone to damage to the rail heads, the horizontal displacement adjustment of the rails requires too long a distance, which wastes the length of the entire vehicle, and is not suitable for construction sites such as subway tunnels where the length of the entire vehicle is limited, and there is no driver's cab with a raised bottom, and the driver's cab occupies the space for unloading and adjusting the position of the rails, which means that it does not have the ability to travel alone and is not flexible enough when performing grouping operations with rail transport vehicles.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a new type of rail unloading vehicle and its operation method, comprising: a bogie, a rail traction device, an electrical and braking system, a rail unloading guide device, a welding machine storage platform, a guide device, a rail derailing device, a vehicle frame, a driver's cab, etc.;

[0007] The frame is the main load-bearing component of the vehicle, and hook buffer devices are arranged at both ends of the frame;

[0008] A driver's cab, the driver's cab is fixedly mounted on end I of the top of the frame;

[0009] A bogie is fixedly mounted on ends I and II of the bottom of the frame, and a braking system is fixedly connected in the middle of the bottom of the frame.

[0010] Preferably, a rail traction device is fixedly connected to the rear end of the exterior of the driver's cab.

[0011] Preferably, a driver's platform is fixedly installed at the front end of the driver's cab, and the driver's platform integrates auxiliary operating devices such as an electrical control system and a braking device to provide automated control and running brakes for the construction operation of the rail unloading vehicle.

[0012] Preferably, a rail unloading guide device with multiple degrees of freedom is installed on the end surface of the frame I.

[0013] Preferably, a rail derailleur device and a plurality of the guide devices may be installed on the frame, and the positions of the rail derailleur system and the guide devices are obtained by static calculation of the rails.

[0014] Preferably, the rail unloading vehicle frame is provided with a driver's cab with a raised bottom, and the lower part of the driver's cab can be used for the passage of the rails to be unloaded, so that the rail shifting device and the guide device can adjust the lateral position of the rails conveniently.

[0015] Preferably, the rail traction device is installed at the rear end outside the driver's cab, and a welding machine storage platform is provided at the frame II end.

[0016] Preferably, the rail unloading guide device is composed of a transverse driving device, a mounting base, a fixed arm 1, a movable arm, a fixed arm 2, a rail-dropping buffer plate, a clamping device, a driving hydraulic cylinder 1, a driving hydraulic cylinder 2, a conveying roller, a driving hydraulic cylinder 3, etc. The transverse driving device drives the entire rail unloading guide device to adjust its transverse position to adapt to the rail unloading construction conditions at the center of the track or the side of the track; the driving hydraulic cylinder 1 and the driving hydraulic cylinder 3 respectively drive the clamping device and the entire rail unloading guide device to adjust the vertical angle to ensure that the rail can pass through the clamping device smoothly, and at the same time, before the vehicle travels to the construction site, the driving hydraulic cylinder 3 drives the entire rail unloading guide device to close to prevent damage caused by long-term swinging during travel, and opens before the rail unloading operation; the driving hydraulic cylinder 2 drives the movable arm 1 to adjust the transverse angle to more accurately control the landing point of the rail; the conveying roller and the supporting device roller are used to reduce the friction resistance during the unloading process of the rail; the rail-dropping buffer plate is used to mitigate the impact of the rail falling to the ground at the end of the unloading, to prevent the rail from causing damage to the rail or the ground when the rail falls to the ground.

[0017] The rail derailleur device is composed of a base, a crossbeam, a rail derailleur assembly, and a driving system. The driving system provides power to drive the rail derailleur wheel to drive the rail to be unloaded to adjust its lateral position. The bolt hole combination of the base and the crossbeam is adjusted by a latch, so that the rail derailleur device drives the rail to be unloaded to adjust its vertical position. Multiple rail derailleur devices can be installed on the same rail unloading operation vehicle; the guide device is composed of horizontal rollers, vertical rollers and rail unloading guide grooves, which can guide and adjust the deformation of the rails to ensure that the stress state and unloading trajectory of the rails during the deformation process are controllable, minimize the longitudinal distance required for the rails to deform to the appropriate position during the unloading process, and reduce the friction resistance during the unloading process of the rails. Multiple sets of guide devices can be installed on the same rail unloading operation vehicle

[0018] A novel rail unloading operation vehicle operation method, the novel rail unloading operation vehicle operation method is used for the novel rail unloading operation vehicle, comprising the following steps;

[0019] S1: The frame can be connected to a special long-rail transport vehicle through the hook buffer devices on both sides, and can also be connected to an ordinary flat car or a rail car, and the reversing movement can be controlled by the driver's cab;

[0020] S2: When the rail unloading vehicle is in the running state, the two rail unloading guide devices are closed, and the vehicle moves to the construction site;

[0021] S3: When the rail unloading vehicle and the long rail transport vehicle are coupled and in the rail unloading operation state, the welding machine storage platform is used to store the welding machine of the rail welding vehicle, and the rails after welding are pulled by the traction device from the coupled rail transport vehicle to the rail unloading vehicle longitudinally;

[0022] S4: When the rail unloading vehicle is in the rail unloading operation state, the rail shifting system shifts the rail to move horizontally, and the traction device continues to pull and drive the rail to move to the guide device, and after being guided by the guide device at several different positions, it enters the rail drop buffer device;

[0023] S5: When the rail unloading vehicle is in the rail unloading operation state, the rail unloading guide device is opened to adjust the displacement in the horizontal direction. According to the actual situation on site, different rail drop buffer device channels can be selected to drop the rails to different positions of the track center and the roadside on both sides of the line;

[0024] S6: When the rail unloading vehicle is in the rail unloading operation state, the traction device continues to pull the rail to move longitudinally until the rail unloading operation is completed and the rail falls to the ground through the rail drop buffer device.

[0025] Compared with the related art, the novel rail unloading vehicle and the operation method thereof provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The invention provides a novel rail unloading operation vehicle, through which the rail can be deformed from the middle of the vehicle to one side within the allowable stress, and fall into the center of the road, the roadside or directly into the rail bearing groove through a guide device. The vehicle can be connected with a special long rail transportation or welding vehicle, and cooperate with a rail welding vehicle and a rail transport vehicle to complete the transportation, welding and unloading of the long rail. The vehicle has a driver's cab with a raised bottom, and the rail can pass under the driver's cab, thereby freeing up lateral displacement space for the rail unloading operation. The rail can be deformed from the middle of the vehicle to multiple rail unloading positions, which is convenient for alignment with the welding machine of the rail welding vehicle, and the vehicle length is used to the maximum extent. The rail unloading position is flexible, the operation efficiency is improved, the mechanization degree is high, and the possibility of integrated construction of rail overhaul is provided. The rail unloading length can be saved to the maximum extent, and the rail can be moved from the horizontal center position to multiple rail unloading positions through a guide device, and a variable on-site construction environment can be used, which provides convenience for subsequent construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the running mode of a new type of rail unloading vehicle suitable for rail unloading of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a rail unloading operation mode of a new type of rail unloading vehicle suitable for rail unloading of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a front view of a new type of rail unloading vehicle suitable for rail unloading in a rail unloading operation mode of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a top view of a rail unloading operation mode of a new type of rail unloading vehicle suitable for rail unloading of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of an operating device of a new type of rail unloading vehicle suitable for rail unloading of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a new rail unloading vehicle rail unloading device suitable for rail unloading of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a rail deflection assembly of a new type of rail deflection device for a rail unloading operation vehicle suitable for rail unloading of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a new type of rail unloading guide device for a rail unloading vehicle suitable for rail unloading of the present invention;

[0035] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of a clamping device for a new type of rail unloading vehicle suitable for rail unloading of the present invention.

[0036] Fig.10 The invention discloses a rail traction device for a new type of rail unloading vehicle suitable for unloading rails.

[0037] Numbers in the figure: 1, hook buffer device, 2, rail, 3, bogie, 4, step ladder, 5, rail traction device, 6, electrical and brake control system, 7, rail unloading guide device, 8, rail, 9, welding machine storage platform, 10, guide device, 11, rail shifting device, 12, frame, 13, driver's cab, 101, guide device group 1, 102, guide device group 2, 103, guide device group 3, 104, rail unloading guide groove, 14, base, 15, crossbeam, 16, rail shifting assembly 17, drive system, 18, support Wheel, 19. Mounting seat, 20. Track pulley, 21. Transverse drive device, 22. Mounting base, 23. Fixed arm, 24. Movable arm, 25. Fixed arm, 26. Rail drop buffer plate, 27. Clamping device, 28. Driving hydraulic cylinder, 29. Driving hydraulic cylinder, 30. Conveying roller, 31. Driving hydraulic cylinder 3, 32. Upper mounting seat, 33. Rail top roller, 34. Rail waist roller, 35. Rail bottom roller, 36. Lower mounting seat, 37. Mounting base, 38. Reel, 39. Bearing seat, 40. Driving motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and implementation modes.

[0039] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 ,in, Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a novel rail unloading vehicle provided by the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3A schematic top view of the frame shown; Figure 5 for Figure 3 The layout of the working equipment is shown.

[0040] A new type of rail unloading vehicle, comprising: a bogie 3, a rail traction device 5, an electrical and braking system 6, a rail unloading guide device 7, a welding machine storage platform 9, a guide device 10, a rail unloading device 11, a vehicle frame 12 and a driver's cab 13;

[0041] The frame 12 is the main load-bearing component of the vehicle, and hook buffer devices 1 are provided at both ends of the frame;

[0042] A driver's cab 13, wherein the driver's cab 13 is fixedly mounted on one end of the top of the frame 12;

[0043] The bogie 3 is fixedly mounted on ends I and II of the bottom of the frame 12, and a braking system is fixedly connected in the middle of the bottom of the frame 12.

[0044] A rail traction device 3 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the driver's cab 13.

[0045] Preferably, a driver's platform is fixedly installed at the front end of the driver's cab 13, and the driver's platform integrates electrical and brake system 6 auxiliary operation devices to provide automatic control and running brake for the construction operation of the rail unloading operation vehicle.

[0046] The rail unloading guide device 7, the end surface of the I end of the frame 12 is equipped with a rail unloading guide device 7 with multiple degrees of freedom.

[0047] The guide device 10, a rail derailing device 11 and a plurality of the guide devices 10 are installed on the frame 12, and the positions of the rail derailing system 11 and the guide devices 10 are obtained by static calculation of the rails.

[0048] The driver's cab 13 has a driver's cab 13 with a raised bottom on the frame 11, and the lower part of the driver's cab 13 can be used for the passage of the rails to be unloaded, so that the rail deflection device 11 and the guide device 10 can adjust the lateral position of the rails 8.

[0049] A welding machine storage platform 9 is provided at the II end of the frame 12.

[0050] The work vehicle has a rail unloading guide device 7, which is composed of a transverse driving device 21, a mounting base 22, a fixed arm 1 23, a movable arm 24, a fixed arm 25, a rail drop buffer plate 26, a clamping device 27, a driving hydraulic cylinder 1 28, a driving hydraulic cylinder 29, a conveying roller 30, a driving hydraulic cylinder 3 31, etc. The transverse driving device 21 drives the entire rail unloading guide device 7 to adjust the transverse position to adapt to the rail unloading construction conditions at the center of the road or the side of the road; the driving hydraulic cylinder 1 28 and the driving hydraulic cylinder 3 31 respectively drive the clamping device 27 and the entire rail unloading guide device 7 to adjust the transverse position. The vertical angle is adjusted to ensure that the rail 8 can pass through the clamping device smoothly. At the same time, before the vehicle travels to the construction site, the hydraulic cylinder three 31 is driven to drive the entire rail unloading guide device 7 to close to prevent damage caused by long-term swinging during travel, and it is opened before the rail unloading operation; the movable arm 24 is driven by the hydraulic cylinder two 29 to adjust the lateral angle to more accurately control the landing point of the rail; the conveying roller 30 and the roller of the clamping device 9 are used to reduce the friction resistance during the unloading process of the rail; the rail drop buffer plate 26 is used to mitigate the impact of the rail falling to the ground at the end of the unloading, so as to prevent the rail from causing damage to the rail or the ground when the rail falls to the ground.

[0051] The rail-pushing device 6 is composed of a base 14, a crossbeam 15, a rail-pushing assembly 16, and a driving system 17. The driving system 17 provides power to drive the rail-pushing wheel to drive the unloaded rail to adjust its lateral position. The bolt hole combination of the base 14 and the crossbeam 15 is adjusted by a latch, so that the rail-pushing device 6 drives the unloaded rail to adjust its vertical position. Multiple rail-pushing devices can be installed on the same rail-unloading vehicle.

[0052] The guide device 10, which is composed of horizontal rollers, vertical rollers and rail unloading guide grooves, can guide and adjust the deformation of the rails to ensure that the stress state and unloading trajectory of the rails during deformation are controllable, minimize the longitudinal distance required for the rails to deform to a suitable position during unloading, and reduce the friction resistance during unloading. Multiple sets of guide devices can be installed on the same rail unloading vehicle.

[0053] There are two working principles of rail unloading vehicles.

[0054] Operation mode 1: (travel mode, such as Figure 1 (shown)

[0055] Before the rail unloading construction, the rail unloading vehicle needs to travel from the storage area to the construction site, and the rail drop buffer device 7 is closed at this time.

[0056] Operation mode 2: (unloading mode, such as Figure 2 (shown)

[0057] During rail unloading construction, the rail unloading guide device 7 on the rail unloading operation vehicle is opened, and the rail is longitudinally driven to the rail derailing system 11 by the rail traction device 5 on the rail transport vehicle connected to the rail unloading vehicle. The position of the rail is adjusted according to the actual situation on site, and the rail enters the rail drop buffer device 7 through multiple guide devices 10. The rail drop buffer device 7 then fine-tunes the horizontal position to unload the rail to the specified position.

[0058] A bogie 3 is installed under the frame 12, and a rail unloading guide device 7 is installed at the front end of the frame 12 to provide buffering for the rail 8 when it falls to the ground. An observation window of the driver's cab 13 is used to monitor and observe the rail falling state after the rail falling buffer device. A driver's cab 13 with a raised bottom is installed on the frame 11 to provide space for rail unloading operations. A rail traction device 5 is installed at the rear end of the driver's cab 13 to pull the rails longitudinally. A rail 2 is installed on the frame 12 for material and personnel protection. An orientation device 10 is installed on the frame 12 for preliminary positioning of the rails of other vehicles after they arrive at this vehicle. A rail derailment system 11 is installed on the frame 12 for adjusting the horizontal position of the rails. A guide device 10 is installed on the frame 12 for guiding the rails 8 to enter different rail falling positions. An electrical and brake control system 6 is installed on the frame 12 for controlling the construction and travel of the entire vehicle. Hook buffer devices 1 are installed at both ends of the frame 12 for connecting with other vehicles.

[0059] The working principle of a novel rail unloading vehicle provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0060] During operation, first, the frame 12 can be connected to a special long rail transport vehicle through the hook buffer devices 1 on both sides, or it can be connected to an ordinary flat car; when the rail unloading operation vehicle is in the running operation state, the two rail unloading guide devices 7 are closed, and the vehicle travels to the construction site; when the rail unloading operation vehicle is in the rail unloading operation state, the rail traction device 5 pulls the rails from the connected rail transport vehicle to the rail unloading vehicle longitudinally; when the rail unloading operation vehicle is in the rail unloading operation state, the rail shifting device 11 shifts the rails for horizontal displacement, and the rail traction device 5 continues to pull and drive the rails to move to the The guide device 10 enters the rail-dropping buffer device 7 after being guided by the guide device 10 at several different positions; when the rail unloading vehicle is in the rail unloading operation state, the rail-dropping buffer device 7 is opened and the displacement in the horizontal direction is adjusted. According to the actual situation on site, different channels of the rail-dropping buffer device 7 can be selected to drop the rails to different positions of the center of the track and the roadside on both sides of the line; when the rail unloading vehicle is in the rail unloading operation state, the rail traction device 5 continues to traction the rails to move longitudinally until the rails complete the rail unloading operation and the rails fall to the ground through the rail-dropping buffer device 7.

[0061] Compared with the related art, the novel rail unloading vehicle provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0062] The present invention provides a novel rail unloading operation vehicle, through which the rail can be deformed from the middle of the vehicle to one side within the allowable stress, and fall into the center of the road, the roadside or directly into the rail bearing groove through a guide device 10. The vehicle can be connected with a special long rail transportation or welding vehicle, and cooperate with a rail welding vehicle and a rail transport vehicle to complete the transportation, welding and unloading of long rails; the vehicle has a driver's cab 13 with a raised bottom, and the rails can pass under the driver's cab 13, thereby freeing up lateral displacement space for rail unloading operations; the rails can be deformed from the middle of the vehicle to multiple rail unloading positions, which is convenient for alignment with the welding machine of the rail welding vehicle, and maximizes the use of the vehicle length. The rail unloading position is flexible, the operation efficiency is improved, the degree of mechanization is high, and the possibility of integrated construction of rail overhaul is provided; the rail unloading length can be saved to the maximum extent, and the rails can be moved from the horizontal center position to multiple rail unloading positions through the guide device 10, and a variable on-site construction environment can be used, which provides convenience for subsequent construction.

[0063] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A new type of rail unloading vehicle, characterized in that: include: Bogie, rail traction device, electrical and braking system, rail unloading guide device, welding machine storage platform, guide device, rail derailing device, frame and driver's cab; The frame is the main load-bearing component of the vehicle, and hook buffer devices are provided at both ends of the frame; A driver's cab, the driver's cab is fixedly mounted on end I of the top of the frame; A bogie is fixedly mounted on ends I and II of the bottom of the frame, and a braking system is fixedly connected in the middle of the bottom of the frame.

2. A new type of rail unloading vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rail traction device is fixedly connected to the rear end of the driver's cab.

3. A new type of rail unloading vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A driver's platform is fixedly installed at the front end of the driver's cab. The driver's platform integrates auxiliary operating devices such as an electrical control system and a braking device to provide automated control and travel braking for the construction operation of the rail unloading vehicle.

4. A new type of rail unloading vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame 1 end surface is provided with a rail unloading guide device with multiple degrees of freedom.

5. The novel rail unloading vehicle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A rail deflection device and a plurality of guide devices are installed on the frame, and the positions of the rail deflection system and the guide devices are obtained by static calculation of the rails.

6. A new type of rail unloading vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame of the rail unloading vehicle is provided with a driver's cab with a raised bottom, and the lower part of the driver's cab can be used for the passage of the rails to be unloaded, so that the rail shifting device and the guide device can adjust the lateral position of the rails conveniently.

7. The new rail unloading vehicle according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The frame II end is provided with a welding machine storage platform, and the rail traction device is driven by a motor to drive the reel to retract and release the wire rope, and drives it through the guide device and the rail derailing device to provide traction for the front vehicle to transport the rails to be unloaded.

8. The novel rail unloading vehicle according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The rail unloading guide device is composed of a transverse driving device, a mounting base, a fixed arm 1, a movable arm, a fixed arm 2, a rail-dropping buffer plate, a clamping device, a driving hydraulic cylinder 1, a driving hydraulic cylinder 2, a conveying roller, a driving hydraulic cylinder 3, etc. The transverse driving device drives the entire rail unloading guide device to adjust its transverse position to adapt to the rail unloading construction conditions at the center of the track or the side of the track; the driving hydraulic cylinder 1 and the driving hydraulic cylinder 3 respectively drive the clamping device and the entire rail unloading guide device to adjust the vertical angle to ensure that the rail can pass through the clamping device smoothly. At the same time, before the vehicle travels to the construction site, the driving hydraulic cylinder 3 drives the entire rail unloading guide device to close to prevent damage caused by long-term swinging during travel, and opens before the rail unloading operation; the driving hydraulic cylinder 2 drives the movable arm 1 to adjust the transverse angle to more accurately control the landing point of the rail; the conveying roller and the supporting device roller are used to reduce the friction resistance during the unloading process of the rail; the rail-dropping buffer plate is used to mitigate the impact of the rail falling to the ground at the end of the unloading, so as to prevent the rail from causing damage to the rail or the ground when the rail falls to the ground.

9. The novel rail unloading vehicle according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The rail deflector device is composed of a base, a crossbeam, a rail deflector assembly, and a driving system. The driving system provides power to drive the rail deflector wheel to drive the rail to be unloaded to adjust its lateral position. The bolt hole combination of the base and the crossbeam is adjusted by a pin, so that the rail deflector device drives the rail to be unloaded to adjust its vertical position. Multiple rail deflectors can be installed on the same rail unloading operation vehicle. The guide device is composed of horizontal rollers, vertical rollers and rail unloading guide grooves, which can guide and adjust the deformation of the rails to ensure that the stress state and unloading trajectory of the rails during the deformation process are controllable, minimize the longitudinal distance required for the rails to deform to a suitable position during the unloading process, and reduce the friction resistance during the unloading process of the rails. Multiple sets of guide devices can be installed on the same rail unloading operation vehicle.

10. An operating method of a new type of rail unloading vehicle, the operating method of the new type of rail unloading vehicle is used for the new type of rail unloading vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: The frame can be connected to a special long-rail transport vehicle through the hook buffer devices on both sides, and can also be connected to an ordinary flat car or a rail car, and the reversing movement can be controlled by the driver's cab; S2: When the rail unloading vehicle is in the running state, the two rail unloading guide devices are closed, and the vehicle moves to the construction site; S3: When the rail unloading vehicle and the long rail transport vehicle are connected and in the rail unloading operation state, the welding machine storage platform is used to store the welding machine of the rail welding vehicle, and the rails after welding are pulled by the traction device from the connected rail transport vehicle to the rail unloading vehicle longitudinally; S4: When the rail unloading vehicle is in the rail unloading operation state, the rail shifting system shifts the rail to move horizontally, and the traction device continues to pull and drive the rail to move to the guide device, and after being guided by the guide device at several different positions, it enters the rail drop buffer device; S5: When the rail unloading vehicle is in the rail unloading operation state, the rail unloading guide device is opened to adjust the displacement in the horizontal direction. According to the actual situation on site, different rail drop buffer device channels can be selected to drop the rails to different positions of the track center and the roadside on both sides of the line; S6: When the rail unloading vehicle is in the rail unloading operation state, the traction device continues to pull the rail to move longitudinally until the rail unloading operation is completed and the rail falls to the ground through the rail drop buffer device.

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