Architectural design method for dangerous chemical library of nuclear power plant

Abstract

The invention discloses an architectural design method for dangerous chemical libraries of a nuclear power plant, and belongs to the technical field of architectural design, and the method comprises the steps: collecting a list of chemicals used in the nuclear power plant, and determining the information of articles stored in each dangerous chemical library; fire risk of stored articles is determined, and a design basic principle of a dangerous chemical library is determined; carrying out explosive dangerous substance type identification on stored articles in each dangerous chemical library, carrying out pressure relief area calculation and pressure relief facility setting, identifying major dangerous sources and identifying dangerous chemicals easy to explode, and carrying out building structure and anti-theft alarm device setting on the dangerous chemical libraries; building design of the dangerous chemical library is carried out on the dangerous chemical library according to the determined chemical list and various property identification results of the stored articles; and the design file is strictly examined to be in close fit with the construction process. According to the design method provided by the invention, the chemical storage safety and the management level are improved in the aspect of building design of the dangerous chemical library of the nuclear power plant.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of building design, and in particular to a building design method for a dangerous chemical warehouse in a nuclear power plant. Background Art

[0002] There are many chemicals involved in the production and construction of nuclear power plants, including toxic and harmful, flammable and explosive, and explosive-making dangerous chemicals, involving many categories and complex processes. At present, there is no comprehensive and systematic architectural design process and method for dangerous chemical warehouses in nuclear power plants in China; and the existing dangerous chemical storage regulations are imperfect, lacking guidance on mixed storage and prohibition. At present, the "GB50016-2014 Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" (2018 edition) and other relevant specifications, standards and requirements are generally used for architectural design. However, the universal specifications and design processes are not targeted, and the particularities of nuclear power plant sites and processes are not taken into account, and there is a certain degree of uncertainty. Although the storage safety of dangerous chemicals in nuclear power plants is not directly related to nuclear safety, its hazards may overlap with nuclear safety and have a greater impact.

[0003] The items stored in the hazardous chemical warehouse of a nuclear power plant can be roughly divided into: hydrogen peroxide, paint, reducing agent, hydrazine, alcohol, flammable liquid, flammable gas, oxygen, oxidant, grease, solvent, non-flammable gas, alkali, acid, flammable solid, toxic and hazardous substances and miscellaneous items. The above chemicals should be identified as major hazardous sources of hazardous chemicals, explosive hazardous substances, and explosive-making hazardous chemicals in accordance with regulations. Once the above substances such as major hazardous sources or explosive-making hazardous chemicals leak, are mixed and stored, or burn and explode, they will cause serious damage to surrounding equipment and facilities, trigger secondary risks, and seriously affect the safe and stable operation of nuclear power plants. Therefore, how to achieve standardized and effective architectural design of hazardous chemical warehouses in nuclear power plants is an urgent problem that needs to be solved in the design of nuclear power plants at home and abroad. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a building design method for a hazardous chemical warehouse in a nuclear power plant, which improves the safety and management level of chemical storage in the nuclear power plant in terms of building design according to the special requirements and safety considerations of the hazardous chemical warehouse in the nuclear power plant.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect of the present invention, a method is provided to collect a list of chemicals used in a nuclear power plant and clarify information on items stored in each hazardous chemical warehouse;

[0007] Clarify the fire hazard of stored items and determine the basic design principles of hazardous chemical warehouses based on the fire hazard of different stored items;

[0008] Identify the types of explosive hazardous substances stored in each hazardous chemical warehouse, calculate the pressure relief area and install pressure relief facilities, identify major hazard sources and identify explosive hazardous chemicals, and install the building structure and anti-theft alarm devices of the hazardous chemical warehouse;

[0009] Carry out architectural design of hazardous chemical warehouse according to the confirmed chemical list and identification results of various properties of stored items;

[0010] Strictly review the design documents and closely coordinate with the construction process.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, the chemical list includes the properties of the specific chemicals used and the specific reserves list; clarifying the storage information of each hazardous chemical warehouse specifically includes sorting out the needs of each hazardous chemical warehouse, and clarifying the types of warehouses, names of stored items, reserves, chemical properties, and required area requirements for the specific sub-items of the hazardous chemical warehouse.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the types of warehouses include: hydrogen peroxide warehouse, paint warehouse, reducing agent warehouse, hydrazine warehouse, alcohol warehouse, flammable liquid warehouse, flammable gas warehouse, oxygen warehouse, oxidant warehouse, grease / solvent warehouse, non-flammable gas warehouse, alkali warehouse, acid warehouse, flammable solid warehouse, toxic and hazardous product warehouse and miscellaneous warehouse.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the basic principles of the architectural design of the hazardous chemical warehouse include: when different fire hazardous items are stored in the same warehouse or any fire compartment of the warehouse, the fire hazard should be determined according to the item with the highest fire hazard; the area of ​​each fire compartment shall not exceed 250 m2; the area of ​​each warehouse shall not exceed 750 m2; and a single-story warehouse design shall be adopted.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the calculation of the pressure relief area is specifically to obtain and calculate the pressure relief ratio of each hazardous chemical warehouse according to the actual storage items of each hazardous chemical warehouse:

[0015] A=10*C*V2 / 3

[0016] Among them, A represents the pressure relief area, V represents the volume of the plant, and C represents the pressure relief ratio when the plant volume is 1000m3.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, when the aspect ratio of each hazardous chemical warehouse is greater than 3, each hazardous chemical warehouse is divided into multiple calculation segments with an aspect ratio not greater than 3, and the common interface in each calculation segment is not used as the pressure relief area.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, the identification of major hazardous sources is specifically characterized by the ratio of the existence amount of each identified substance to the critical amount. If there are multiple types of hazardous chemicals in the identification unit, the ratios of each identified substance are added up and summed. If the sum is less than 1, it is not a major hazardous source. If the sum is greater than 1, it is a major hazardous source.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present invention, the identification of explosive and dangerous chemicals for setting up the building structure and anti-theft alarm device of the dangerous chemical warehouse is specifically as follows:

[0020] Fire doors are installed at the entrances and exits of the storage places of explosive and dangerous chemicals in each dangerous chemical warehouse. The fire doors open in the direction of evacuation and are anti-theft safety doors.

[0021] The protection areas and locations of storage places for explosive and hazardous chemicals in each hazardous chemical warehouse meet the physical prevention requirements, and intrusion alarm devices, entrance and exit control devices and video surveillance devices are installed in the hazardous chemical warehouse.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present invention, the architectural design of the hazardous chemical warehouse is carried out according to the determined chemical list and the identification results of various properties of the stored items, specifically:

[0023] The hazardous chemical warehouse is designed as a single-story independent building, located on the leeward side of the factory's lowest-frequency wind direction throughout the year, away from places with open flames or sparks; located away from densely populated areas and major traffic arteries; with sufficient fire protection distance between it and other buildings; and away from important nuclear facilities, items containing flammable and explosive materials, and densely populated places.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present invention, taking into account the material performance and local principles, the roofing, wall materials and decoration structural materials of the hazardous chemical warehouse meet the requirements of pressure relief roof bulk density, fire resistance, dustproof, anti-static, and strong acid and alkali corrosion resistance of special warehouses;

[0025] Dangerous chemical warehouses are equipped with eyewash stations, shower rooms and static eliminators.

[0026] One or more technical solutions of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0027] Aiming at the special requirements and safety considerations of hazardous chemical warehouses in nuclear power plants, the present invention integrates the existing laws, regulations and standards related to the safety management and design of hazardous chemicals, and proposes a building design method for hazardous chemical warehouses in nuclear power plants. Through detailed design process and deterministic specification reference, a more reasonable solution is provided for the design of nuclear power plant chemical warehouses, thereby improving the safety and management level of nuclear power plant chemical storage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for architectural design of a hazardous chemical storage in a nuclear power plant provided in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, a construction design method for a hazardous chemical storage in a nuclear power plant is provided, comprising:

[0032] Collect the list of chemicals used in nuclear power plants and clarify the information of items stored in each hazardous chemical warehouse;

[0033] Clarify the fire hazard of stored items and determine the basic design principles of hazardous chemical warehouses based on the fire hazard of different stored items;

[0034] Identify the types of explosive hazardous substances stored in each hazardous chemical warehouse, calculate the pressure relief area and install pressure relief facilities, identify major hazard sources and identify explosive hazardous chemicals, and install the building structure and anti-theft alarm devices of the hazardous chemical warehouse;

[0035] Carry out architectural design of hazardous chemical warehouse according to the confirmed chemical list and identification results of various properties of stored items;

[0036] Strictly review the design documents and closely coordinate with the construction process.

[0037] In this embodiment, the following steps are specifically included:

[0038] Step 1: Collect a list of chemicals used in the nuclear power plant and clarify the information of stored items.

[0039] The types of chemicals involved vary according to the different technical routes of nuclear power plants. Generally speaking, the hazardous chemicals used in normal operation of nuclear power plants mainly include but are not limited to hydrochloric acid, hydrazine, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium nitrite, acetylene, hydrogen and sodium chlorate. According to the needs of laboratory testing and maintenance, nuclear power plants will also use chemicals such as ethanol, methanol, propyne, petroleum ether, paint, thinners, and curing agents. Since radioactive hazardous chemicals are not directly used in the production process of second-generation, third-generation and other improved nuclear power plants, they are not considered in the design of non-radioactive chemical libraries.

[0040] According to the specific properties of the chemicals used and the specific reserve list, the process party sorts out the needs of each warehouse and clarifies the types of warehouses, names of stored items, reserves, chemical properties, required area requirements, etc. for the sub-items of the hazardous chemical warehouse. Generally speaking, it can be divided into hydrogen peroxide warehouse, paint warehouse, reducing agent warehouse, hydrazine warehouse, alcohol warehouse, flammable liquid warehouse, flammable gas warehouse, oxygen warehouse, oxidant warehouse, grease / solvent warehouse, non-flammable gas warehouse, alkali warehouse, acid warehouse, flammable solid warehouse, toxic and hazardous product warehouse and miscellaneous warehouse, etc. (due to different processes, the warehouses at each site are different). The establishment of the above list is the basis for determining the basic space layout method of the hazardous chemical warehouse.

[0041] Step 2: Identify the fire hazards of stored items; determine the basic principles of hazardous chemical warehouse building design.

[0042] Before carrying out the functional plane design of the hazardous chemical warehouse, the basic principles such as the fire hazard of the stored items, the fire partition area, and the warehouse area should be determined first; according to Article 3.1.3 of the "GB50016-2014 Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" (2018 Edition), identifying the fire hazard of stored items is the basis of all work. At the same time, according to Article 3.1.4 of the above-mentioned code, when different fire hazard items are stored in the same warehouse or any fire partition of the warehouse, their fire hazard should be determined according to the item with the greatest fire hazard.

[0043] In this embodiment, the chemicals used are mainly ethanol, petroleum ether, kerosene, hydrazine and high-purity acetylene. The fire hazards of the above substances all meet the requirements of Class A 1, 2, 5, and 6 (see Article 3.1.3 of "GB50016-2014 Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" (2018 Edition) for the classification standards). Therefore, the entire chemical warehouse should be designed in accordance with Class A (1, 2, 5, and 6) for the allowable number of floors, floor area, and the maximum allowable area of ​​each fire partition. According to general experience:

[0044] Hazardous chemical warehouses in nuclear power plants are generally designed as Class A warehouses;

[0045] The area of ​​each fire compartment shall not exceed 250 m2;

[0046] The area of ​​each warehouse shall not exceed 750 m2;

[0047] Adopt single-layer warehouse design.

[0048] Step 3: Identify the type of explosive hazardous substances and calculate the required pressure relief area

[0049] According to Article 3.6 of "GB50016-2014 Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" (2018 edition), Class A and Class B factories (warehouses) with explosion hazards should be set up independently and pressure relief facilities should be installed in areas with explosion hazards.

[0050] Identification of explosive hazardous substances:

[0051] In the design of dangerous chemical warehouses in nuclear power plants, the explosive dangerous substances generally involved include: hydrogen, methanol, hydrazine, gasoline, acetylene, etc. According to the actual storage items in each warehouse, it is clear whether each room needs explosion-proof and explosion-proof, and the pressure relief ratio is calculated according to regulations.

[0052] Calculation of pressure relief area:

[0053] The pressure relief area of ​​a hazardous chemical warehouse is generally calculated according to the following formula. However, when the aspect ratio of each room (warehouse) is greater than 3, the building should be divided into multiple calculation sections with an aspect ratio of no more than 3, and the common interface in each calculation section shall not be used as the pressure relief area.

[0054] A=10*C*V2 / 3

[0055] Where:

[0056] A is the pressure relief area (㎡), V is the volume of the plant (m3), and C is the pressure relief ratio when the plant volume is 1000m3 (㎡ / m3).

[0057] After calculating the required pressure relief area A according to the above formula, the actual design pressure relief area should be coordinated and compared with the required pressure relief area A to ensure that the demand is met and sufficient margin is reserved. The commonly used pressure relief facilities include lightweight roof panels, lightweight walls, doors and windows that are easy to relieve pressure, etc. Safety glass and other materials that do not produce sharp fragments in the event of an explosion should be used. The weight of lightweight materials used as pressure relief facilities should not be greater than 60kg / ㎡.

[0058] Step 4: Conduct identification of major hazards

[0059] Carrying out identification of major hazardous sources and taking corresponding measures in accordance with laws and regulations, strengthening the management of related items, and improving the safety design level are key measures to ensure the safety of chemical warehouse design. According to the provisions of "Identification of Major Hazard Sources of Hazardous Chemicals", "List of Dangerous Goods" and "Chemical Classification and Labeling Specifications", major hazardous sources of hazardous chemicals in nuclear power plants are determined. The evaluation of major hazardous sources is characterized by the ratio of the amount (q) of each identified substance in the identification unit to the critical amount (Q). If there are multiple types of hazardous chemicals in the identification unit, the ratios of each identified substance are added up and summed. If the sum is less than 1, it does not belong to a major hazardous source. Otherwise, it belongs to a major hazardous source. The specific situation shall be subject to the evaluation results of the design sub-item. If it constitutes a major hazardous source, it must be strictly designed and managed in accordance with relevant regulations. Even if it does not constitute a major hazardous source, the operating unit still needs to formulate and strictly implement corresponding management measures based on actual storage and use conditions.

[0060] Step 5: Identification of explosive and dangerous chemicals

[0061] According to the "GA1511-2018 Public Security Prevention Requirements for Storage Places of Explosive and Fertilizer Hazardous Chemicals" and the "List of Explosive and Fertilizer Hazardous Chemicals" (2021 edition), it is necessary to identify explosive and fertilizer hazardous chemicals and take relevant measures as required.

[0062] According to the relevant provisions of the "List of Explosive and Dangerous Chemicals" (2021 edition), nitric acid, perchloric acid, nitrates, perchlorates, dichromates, peroxides and superoxides, flammable reducing agents, nitro compounds and some substances in other categories are explosive and dangerous chemicals. According to general design experience, the explosive and dangerous chemical warehouses generally involved in the dangerous chemical warehouses of nuclear power plants mainly include hydrazine warehouses, hydrogen peroxide warehouses, oxidant warehouses, etc. Security precautions should be strengthened for such warehouses to ensure the system safety and operation and maintenance management of storage places for explosive and dangerous chemicals. For the above warehouses, the following requirements should be ensured to be met:

[0063] Fire doors should be installed at the entrances and exits of explosive storage areas in hazardous chemical warehouses, and the doors should open in the direction of evacuation;

[0064] Dangerous chemical warehouses and explosive-making rooms should use anti-theft safety doors and meet the relevant provisions of GB 17565-2007 and GA / T73;

[0065] The protection areas and locations of explosive storage places in hazardous chemical warehouses meet the physical prevention requirements;

[0066] Intrusion alarm devices, access control devices and video surveillance devices should be installed in the explosive-prone rooms of chemical warehouses. The explosion-proof characteristics of the video surveillance devices and the explosion-proof protection measures of the cables should comply with the relevant provisions of GBS0058;

[0067] All access control systems related to storage places and security monitoring centers should comply with the relevant provisions of GB50396;

[0068] Other requirements stipulated in "GA1511-2018 Security Prevention Requirements for Storage Sites of Explosive and Dangerous Chemicals". Step 6: Carry out architectural design based on the determined chemical list and the identification results of various properties of stored items

[0069] Carry out architectural design based on the basic information determined in the previous steps. During the design process, the relevant laws, regulations, national and local standards and specifications should be strictly followed. Based on experience, multi-level safety facilities should be designed according to the characteristics of different chemicals. The review of design documents should be completed strictly according to procedures to ensure the safe operation of hazardous chemical storage facilities.

[0070] In this embodiment, according to the fire hazard of the stored materials, the dangerous chemical warehouse of the nuclear power plant mainly stores flammable, explosive, corrosive, toxic and harmful chemicals (including Class A 1, 2, 5, 6), so corresponding measures should be taken in the design to ensure safety. Specific design measures can be divided into:

[0071] Generally, a single-story independent building is used, which is located on the leeward side of the lowest frequency wind direction in the factory area all year round, away from places with open flames or sparks; and away from densely populated areas and major traffic arteries;

[0072] There should be sufficient fire protection distance between the building and other buildings; it should meet the requirements of relevant laws and regulations, national and local standards and specifications; it should be far away from important nuclear facilities, places containing flammable and explosive materials and crowded places;

[0073] Warehouses with explosion-proof and explosion-relief requirements shall take necessary pressure relief measures and fully consider the safety of personnel under pressure relief conditions;

[0074] Taking into account the performance of materials and the principle of locality, appropriate roofing, wall materials and decoration structural materials are selected to meet various requirements such as the bulk density of pressure relief roofs, fire resistance, dust prevention, anti-static, strong acid and alkali corrosion resistance of special warehouses;

[0075] Pay attention to the special process requirements of special warehouses, such as Class A and B liquid warehouses, explosion-proof and explosion-proof warehouses, etc.

[0076] Eyewash stations, shower rooms, static eliminators, etc. shall be installed as required;

[0077] Meet the actual needs of loading and unloading of ordinary trucks, transporting goods in garages and rooms with small carts, etc.

[0078] Carry out corresponding lightning protection, explosion-proof, anti-static and other designs, and set up corresponding automatic detection, alarm and other electromechanical devices.

[0079] Step 7: Strictly review the design documents; closely cooperate with the construction process; continue to follow up on the owner's usage and conduct experience feedback to continuously optimize the design of subsequent nuclear power plant hazardous chemical storage.

[0080] Through the above standardized design process, the architectural design of hazardous chemical storage in nuclear power plants can be better guided, design risks can be reduced, design quality can be better guaranteed, and safe production in nuclear power plants can be maintained.

[0081] Although the above describes the specific implementation mode of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention without creative work are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for architectural design of a hazardous chemical storage in a nuclear power plant, characterized in that: include: Collect the list of chemicals used in nuclear power plants and clarify the information of items stored in each hazardous chemical warehouse; Clarify the fire hazard of stored items and determine the basic design principles of hazardous chemical warehouses based on the fire hazard of different stored items; Identify the types of explosive hazardous substances stored in each hazardous chemical warehouse, calculate the pressure relief area and install pressure relief facilities, identify major hazard sources and identify explosive hazardous chemicals, and install the building structure and anti-theft alarm devices of the hazardous chemical warehouse; Carry out architectural design of hazardous chemical warehouse according to the confirmed chemical list and identification results of various properties of stored items; Strictly review the design documents and closely coordinate with the construction process.

2. A method for designing a building for a hazardous chemical storage facility in a nuclear power plant as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The chemical list includes the properties of the specific chemicals used and the specific reserves list; the specific information on the storage items of each hazardous chemical warehouse is clarified, the needs of each hazardous chemical warehouse are sorted out, and the types of warehouses, names of stored items, reserves, chemical properties, and required area requirements of the specific sub-items of the hazardous chemical warehouse are clarified.

3. A method for designing a building for a hazardous chemical storage in a nuclear power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that: The types of warehouses include: hydrogen peroxide warehouse, paint warehouse, reducing agent warehouse, hydrazine warehouse, alcohol warehouse, flammable liquid warehouse, flammable gas warehouse, oxygen warehouse, oxidant warehouse, grease / solvent warehouse, non-flammable gas warehouse, alkali warehouse, acid warehouse, flammable solid warehouse, toxic and hazardous product warehouse and miscellaneous warehouse.

4. The architectural design method for a nuclear power plant hazardous chemical storage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The basic principles of the architectural design of hazardous chemical warehouses include: when different fire hazardous items are stored in the same warehouse or any fire compartment of the warehouse, the fire hazard should be determined according to the item with the highest fire hazard; the area of ​​each fire compartment shall not exceed 250 square meters; the area of ​​each warehouse shall not exceed 750 square meters; and a single-story warehouse design shall be adopted.

5. The architectural design method for a nuclear power plant hazardous chemical storage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure relief area calculation is specifically to obtain and calculate the pressure relief ratio of each hazardous chemical warehouse according to the actual storage items of each hazardous chemical warehouse: A=10*C*V 2 / 3 Among them, A represents the pressure relief area, V represents the volume of the plant, and C represents the pressure relief ratio when the plant volume is 1000m3.

6. A method for designing a building for a hazardous chemical storage in a nuclear power plant according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the aspect ratio of each hazardous chemical warehouse is greater than 3, each hazardous chemical warehouse shall be divided into multiple calculation segments with an aspect ratio not greater than 3, and the common interface in each calculation segment shall not be used as the pressure relief area.

7. The architectural design method for a hazardous chemical storage in a nuclear power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The identification of major hazardous sources is specifically to characterize the ratio of the existing amount of each identified substance to the critical amount. If there are multiple types of hazardous chemicals in the identification unit, the ratios of each identified substance are added up. If the sum is less than 1, it is not a major hazardous source. If the sum is greater than 1, it is a major hazardous source.

8. The architectural design method for a nuclear power plant hazardous chemical storage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The identification of explosive and dangerous chemicals and the setting of the building structure and anti-theft alarm device of the dangerous chemical warehouse are specifically as follows: Fire doors are installed at the entrances and exits of the storage places of explosive and dangerous chemicals in each dangerous chemical warehouse. The fire doors open in the direction of evacuation and are anti-theft safety doors. The protection areas and locations of storage places for explosive and hazardous chemicals in each hazardous chemical warehouse meet the physical prevention requirements, and intrusion alarm devices, entrance and exit control devices and video surveillance devices are installed in the hazardous chemical warehouse.

9. The architectural design method for a nuclear power plant hazardous chemical storage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: According to the confirmed chemical list and the identification results of various properties of stored items, the architectural design of the hazardous chemical warehouse is carried out, specifically: The hazardous chemical warehouse is designed as a single-story independent building, located on the leeward side of the factory's lowest-frequency wind direction throughout the year, away from places with open flames or sparks; located away from densely populated areas and major traffic arteries; with sufficient fire protection distance between it and other buildings; and away from important nuclear facilities, items containing flammable and explosive materials, and densely populated places.

10. A method for designing a building for a hazardous chemical storage in a nuclear power plant according to claim 9, characterized in that: Also includes: Taking into account the performance of materials and the principle of locality, the roof, wall and decoration materials of the hazardous chemical warehouse meet the requirements of pressure relief roof density, fire resistance, dust prevention, anti-static, and strong acid and alkali corrosion resistance of special warehouses; Dangerous chemical warehouses are equipped with eyewash stations, shower rooms and static eliminators.

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