Hierarchical control method and device for governing voltage out-of-limit of users in photovoltaic transformer area

Abstract

The invention relates to a hierarchical control method and device for managing voltage out-of-limit of users in a photovoltaic transformer area, and the method comprises the steps: detecting the voltage of a grid-connected point of a photovoltaic inverter, and judging whether the voltage of the grid-connected point is in a voltage out-of-limit state or not; if the grid-connected point is in the voltage out-of-limit state, calculating a reactive control quantity by adopting a reactive control strategy in combination with the reactive voltage sensitivity of the grid-connected point; controlling the photovoltaic inverter to adjust reactive power output based on the reactive power control quantity; whether the reactive power output of the photovoltaic inverter reaches the maximum value or not is judged, and the grid-connected point voltage is still in a voltage out-of-limit state; if the reactive power output of the photovoltaic inverter reaches the maximum value and the voltage of the grid-connected point is still in a voltage out-of-limit state, calculating an active control quantity by adopting an active control strategy in combination with the active voltage sensitivity of the grid-connected point; and controlling the photovoltaic inverter to limit the active output based on the active control quantity until the voltage of the grid-connected point is recovered to a normal range. According to the invention, the voltage out-of-limit problem of the transformer area users can be accurately solved in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of voltage control of distribution networks, and in particular to a hierarchical control method and device for managing over-limit voltage of users in photovoltaic areas. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of energy transformation and the increasing maturity of distributed photovoltaic technology, the scale of distributed photovoltaic access in the substation continues to expand. However, the output of distributed photovoltaics is random and volatile, which poses a great challenge to the voltage control of the substation. When the output of distributed photovoltaics does not match the load of the substation, it is easy to cause the voltage of the substation users to exceed the limit, which not only affects the quality of power, but also may threaten the safe and stable operation of power equipment. Traditional voltage control methods, such as transformer tap adjustment and capacitor switching, have problems such as slow adjustment speed, low accuracy, and poor adaptability when dealing with the complex voltage changes brought about by distributed photovoltaic access. In addition, relying solely on these traditional methods may lead to frequent equipment operations, shorten equipment life, and increase operation and maintenance costs. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a hierarchical control method and device for managing voltage over-limit of users in photovoltaic areas, which can manage the voltage over-limit problem of users in the area in real time and accurately, adapt to the complex working conditions of distributed photovoltaic access, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system and the power quality.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: to provide a hierarchical control method for managing the voltage over-limit of users in photovoltaic areas, including the following steps:

[0005] Detecting the grid connection point voltage of the photovoltaic inverter, and determining whether the grid connection point voltage is in a voltage over-limit state;

[0006] If the grid connection point voltage is in a voltage over-limit state, a reactive control strategy is adopted to calculate the reactive control amount in combination with the reactive voltage sensitivity of the grid connection point;

[0007] Controlling the photovoltaic inverter to adjust reactive power output based on the reactive control amount;

[0008] Determine whether the reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter has reached a maximum value, and whether the grid connection point voltage is still in a voltage over-limit state;

[0009] If the reactive power output of the photovoltaic inverter reaches the maximum value and the grid connection point voltage is still in a voltage over-limit state, the active power control amount is calculated by adopting an active power control strategy in combination with the active power voltage sensitivity of the grid connection point;

[0010] The photovoltaic inverter is controlled to limit the active output based on the active control amount until the voltage at the grid connection point returns to a normal range.

[0011] The reactive control quantity is calculated by adopting a reactive control strategy in combination with the reactive voltage sensitivity of the grid connection point, specifically including:

[0012] According to the grid connection point voltage U, ΔU=UU * Calculate the voltage over-limit degree ΔU at the grid connection point, where U * is the rated voltage;

[0013] Combined with the reactive voltage sensitivity K of the grid connection point Q , using Q = ΔU × K Q Calculate the reactive control quantity Q.

[0014] The reactive voltage sensitivity K of the grid connection point Q Obtained by:

[0015] Establish an equivalent circuit model of the station area;

[0016] Based on the equivalent circuit model, the grid connection point voltage change after the reactive power change is analyzed through power flow calculation, and the grid connection point voltage change is divided by the reactive power change to determine the grid connection point reactive voltage sensitivity.

[0017] The hierarchical control method for managing over-limit voltage of users in photovoltaic areas also includes:

[0018] If the reactive power output of the photovoltaic inverter has not reached the maximum value, and the grid connection point voltage is still in a voltage over-limit state, the reactive power control amount continues to be adjusted according to the change of the grid connection point voltage.

[0019] The hierarchical control method for managing over-limit voltage of users in photovoltaic areas also includes:

[0020] If the reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter has not reached the maximum value and the grid-connected point voltage has returned to a normal state, the photovoltaic inverter is controlled to maintain a current state, and when the grid-connected point voltage decreases, the reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter is adjusted.

[0021] The active control quantity is calculated by using an active control strategy in combination with the active voltage sensitivity of the grid connection point, specifically including:

[0022] According to the grid connection point voltage U, ΔU=UU * Calculate the voltage over-limit degree ΔU at the grid connection point, where U * is the rated voltage;

[0023] Combined with the active voltage sensitivity K of the grid connection point P , using P = ΔU × K P Calculate the active control quantity P.

[0024] The active voltage sensitivity K of the grid connection point P Obtained by:

[0025] Establish an equivalent circuit model of the station area;

[0026] Based on the equivalent circuit model, the grid connection point voltage change after the active power change is analyzed through power flow calculation, and the grid connection point voltage change is divided by the active power change to determine the grid connection point active voltage sensitivity.

[0027] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: to provide a hierarchical control device for managing the voltage over-limit of users in photovoltaic areas, comprising:

[0028] A first judgment module is used to detect the grid connection point voltage of the photovoltaic inverter and judge whether the grid connection point voltage is in a voltage over-limit state;

[0029] A first calculation module is used to calculate the reactive control amount by adopting a reactive control strategy in combination with the reactive voltage sensitivity of the grid connection point when the grid connection point voltage is in a voltage over-limit state;

[0030] A first control module, used for controlling the photovoltaic inverter to adjust the reactive output based on the reactive control amount;

[0031] A second judgment module is used to judge whether the reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter has reached a maximum value and whether the grid connection point voltage is still in a voltage over-limit state;

[0032] A second calculation module is used to calculate the active control amount by adopting an active control strategy in combination with the active voltage sensitivity of the grid connection point when the reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter reaches a maximum value and the grid connection point voltage is still in a voltage over-limit state;

[0033] The second control module is used to control the photovoltaic inverter to limit the active output based on the active control amount until the grid connection point voltage returns to a normal range.

[0034] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: to provide an electronic device, including a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor implements the steps of the above-mentioned hierarchical control method for managing the over-limit voltage of users in photovoltaic areas when executing the computer program.

[0035] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: to provide a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned hierarchical control method for managing the voltage over-limit of users in the photovoltaic area are implemented.

[0036] Beneficial Effects

[0037] Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects compared with the prior art: the present invention is based on the coordinated control of the active output and reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter to achieve precise management of the voltage over-limit at the grid connection point, and through real-time monitoring of the grid connection point voltage, reactive power control is given priority according to the degree of voltage over-limit. When reactive power control cannot effectively solve the voltage over-limit problem, active power control is implemented, thereby ensuring the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation while ensuring that the voltage in the substation is stable within a reasonable range, reducing the damage to user equipment caused by voltage over-limit and extending the service life of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a hierarchical control method for managing over-limit voltage of users in photovoltaic areas according to a first embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms fall within the scope limited by the appended claims of the application equally.

[0040] The first embodiment of the present invention relates to a hierarchical control method for managing voltage over-limit of users in photovoltaic area. The method is based on the coordinated control of active and reactive output of photovoltaic inverters to achieve accurate management of voltage over-limit at the grid connection point. By real-time monitoring of the grid connection point voltage, reactive control is performed first according to the degree of voltage over-limit. When reactive control cannot effectively solve the voltage over-limit problem, active control is implemented, thereby ensuring the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation while ensuring that the voltage in the area is stable within a reasonable range. Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0041] Step 1: Detect the grid-connected point voltage of the photovoltaic inverter and determine whether the grid-connected point voltage is in a voltage over-limit state. This step can detect the grid-connected point voltage of the photovoltaic inverter in real time through a high-precision voltage sensor and a data acquisition device, wherein the sampling frequency of the high-precision voltage sensor and the data acquisition device should be high enough to accurately capture the rapid changes in voltage.

[0042] Step 2: If the grid connection point voltage is in a voltage over-limit state, a reactive control strategy is adopted to calculate a reactive control amount in combination with the reactive voltage sensitivity of the grid connection point.

[0043] The reactive power control strategy in this step is as follows:

[0044] The reactive power output depends on the voltage over-limit degree ΔU of the grid connection point multiplied by the reactive power sensitivity K to the reactive voltage of the grid connection point.Q , the mathematical expression is:

[0045] Q=ΔU×K Q

[0046] In the formula, the voltage over-limit degree ΔU of the grid connection point adopts ΔU=UU * Calculated, where U * is the rated voltage.

[0047] Reactive voltage sensitivity K Q It is a parameter related to the topological structure of the power grid, line parameters, load characteristics and other factors in the substation area. It can be accurately obtained through system parameters and operating status based on power flow calculation and other methods. In order to accurately calculate the reactive voltage sensitivity K Q , it is necessary to carry out detailed modeling and analysis of the power grid in the substation area. The specific method is as follows: First, establish an equivalent circuit model of the substation area, which includes line impedance, transformer parameters, load equivalent impedance, etc. Then, through power flow calculation, under different operating conditions, analyze the change in grid connection point voltage after reactive power changes, and divide the grid connection point voltage change by the reactive power change to determine the reactive voltage sensitivity of the grid connection point.

[0048] For example, for a simple substation model, assuming that the line impedance is Z = R + jX, the transformer ratio is K, and the load equivalent impedance is ZL, when the reactive power changes by ΔQ, the voltage change at the grid connection point can be obtained by flow calculation as ΔU, and then by K Q =ΔU / ΔQ, the reactive voltage sensitivity K of the grid connection point can be calculated Q .

[0049] Based on the reactive power control strategy, this step is to calculate the reactive power control quantity by using the reactive power control strategy in combination with the reactive power voltage sensitivity of the grid connection point: according to the grid connection point voltage U, adopt ΔU=UU * Calculate the voltage over-limit degree ΔU at the grid connection point; combined with the reactive voltage sensitivity K at the grid connection point Q , using Q = ΔU × K Q Calculate the reactive control quantity Q.

[0050] Step 3: Control the photovoltaic inverter to adjust the reactive output based on the reactive control amount. In this step, the calculated reactive control amount Q is quickly sent to the photovoltaic inverter through the local communication measurement and control terminal, thereby realizing rapid adjustment of the reactive output of the inverter.

[0051] Step 4: determine whether the reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter has reached a maximum value and whether the grid connection point voltage is still in a voltage over-limit state.

[0052] After implementing the reactive power control in step 3, it is also necessary to monitor in real time whether the reactive power reaches the maximum reactive power of the photovoltaic inverter. If it has not yet reached the maximum value and the grid-connected point voltage is still in a voltage over-limit state, the reactive power control amount is adjusted according to the change of the grid-connected point voltage. If the reactive power of the photovoltaic inverter has not reached the maximum value and the grid-connected point voltage returns to a normal state, the photovoltaic inverter is controlled to maintain the current state, and when the grid-connected point voltage decreases, the reactive power of the photovoltaic inverter is adjusted.

[0053] Step 5: If the reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter reaches a maximum value and the grid connection point voltage is still in a voltage over-limit state, an active control strategy is used to calculate the active control amount in combination with the active voltage sensitivity of the grid connection point.

[0054] The active power control strategy in this step is as follows:

[0055] After the reactive power is adjusted to the maximum reactive power output of the inverter, the voltage at the photovoltaic grid connection point still exceeds the limit. The active output limit depends on the voltage limit degree ΔU at the grid connection point multiplied by the active voltage sensitivity K at the point. P , the mathematical expression is:

[0056] P=ΔU×K P

[0057] Among them, the active voltage sensitivity K P It is also closely related to the grid parameters and operating status of the substation, and can be obtained by a calculation method similar to the reactive voltage sensitivity, specifically: establish an equivalent circuit model of the substation; based on the equivalent circuit model, analyze the grid connection point voltage change ΔU after the active power changes through power flow calculation, and divide the grid connection point voltage change ΔU by the active power change ΔP to determine the grid connection point active voltage sensitivity K P .

[0058] Based on the active control strategy, this step combines the active voltage sensitivity of the grid connection point with the active control strategy to calculate the active control amount, specifically: according to the grid connection point voltage U, adopt ΔU=UU * Calculate the voltage over-limit degree ΔU at the grid connection point; combined with the active voltage sensitivity K at the grid connection point P , using P = ΔU × K P Calculate the active control quantity P.

[0059] Step 6: Control the photovoltaic inverter to limit the active output based on the active control amount until the grid connection point voltage returns to a normal range. In this step, the calculated active control amount P can be sent to the photovoltaic inverter through the station area intelligent fusion terminal to limit its active output until the grid connection point voltage returns to a normal range.

[0060] The present invention is further described below with reference to a specific embodiment.

[0061] Take a distribution substation in a certain city as an example. The substation is connected to multiple distributed photovoltaic systems with a total installed capacity of 300kW. During a certain period of time, due to the sudden increase in light intensity, the output of distributed photovoltaics increased significantly, causing the voltage of some grid-connected points to exceed the limit.

[0062] First, the voltage over-limit signal is detected by the voltage monitoring device installed at the grid connection point. Based on the real-time collected voltage data and system parameters, the reactive voltage sensitivity K is calculated. Q =0.5, voltage over-limit degree ΔU = 5V, then the reactive power control quantity is Q = ΔU × K Q =5×0.5=2.5kvar.

[0063] The reactive power control command is sent to the photovoltaic inverter through the local communication measurement and control terminal, and the inverter responds quickly to increase the reactive power output. During the reactive power control implementation process, the reactive power output and voltage changes are continuously monitored.

[0064] Assuming that when the reactive power output reaches the maximum value of 10kvar, the voltage still exceeds the limit by 3V, calculate the active voltage sensitivity K P =0.8, the active control quantity is P = ΔU × K P =3×0.8=2.4kW.

[0065] The active output of the photovoltaic inverter is limited through the intelligent fusion terminal in the substation, and the voltage at the grid connection point is eventually restored to the normal range.

[0066] It can be seen that this implementation can significantly improve the power quality of the substation, stabilize the voltage within a reasonable range, reduce the damage to user equipment caused by voltage over-limit, extend the service life of the equipment, effectively ensure the safe and stable operation of power equipment, reduce the risk of equipment failure caused by voltage over-limit, and improve the reliability of the power system. The method of this implementation makes full use of the reactive power regulation capability of the photovoltaic inverter, and under the strategy of giving priority to reactive power control, reduces the frequency of active power control, and maximizes the efficiency and economic benefits of photovoltaic power generation.

[0067] The second embodiment of the present invention relates to a hierarchical control device for managing over-limit voltage of users in a photovoltaic area, comprising:

[0068] A first judgment module is used to detect the grid connection point voltage of the photovoltaic inverter and judge whether the grid connection point voltage is in a voltage over-limit state;

[0069] A first calculation module is used to calculate the reactive control amount by adopting a reactive control strategy in combination with the reactive voltage sensitivity of the grid connection point when the grid connection point voltage is in a voltage over-limit state;

[0070] A first control module, used for controlling the photovoltaic inverter to adjust the reactive output based on the reactive control amount;

[0071] A second judgment module is used to judge whether the reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter has reached a maximum value and whether the grid connection point voltage is still in a voltage over-limit state;

[0072] A second calculation module is used to calculate the active control amount by adopting an active control strategy in combination with the active voltage sensitivity of the grid connection point when the reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter reaches a maximum value and the grid connection point voltage is still in a voltage over-limit state;

[0073] The second control module is used to control the photovoltaic inverter to limit the active output based on the active control amount until the grid connection point voltage returns to a normal range.

[0074] The first calculation module includes:

[0075] The first voltage over-limit degree calculation unit is used to calculate the voltage U at the grid connection point using ΔU=UU * Calculate the voltage over-limit degree ΔU at the grid connection point, where U * is the rated voltage;

[0076] Reactive control quantity calculation unit, used to combine the reactive voltage sensitivity K of the grid connection point Q , using Q = ΔU × K Q Calculate the reactive control quantity Q.

[0077] The reactive voltage sensitivity K of the grid connection point Q Obtained by:

[0078] Establish an equivalent circuit model of the station area;

[0079] Based on the equivalent circuit model, the grid connection point voltage change after the reactive power change is analyzed through power flow calculation, and the grid connection point voltage change is divided by the reactive power change to determine the grid connection point reactive voltage sensitivity.

[0080] The hierarchical control device for managing over-limit voltage of users in photovoltaic area also includes:

[0081] The third control module is used to continue adjusting the reactive control amount according to the change of the grid connection point voltage when the reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter has not reached the maximum value and the grid connection point voltage is still in the voltage over-limit state.

[0082] The hierarchical control device for managing over-limit voltage of users in photovoltaic area also includes:

[0083] The fourth control module is used to control the photovoltaic inverter to maintain the current state when the reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter has not reached the maximum value and the grid-connected point voltage returns to a normal state, and to adjust the reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter when the grid-connected point voltage decreases.

[0084] The second calculation module includes:

[0085] The second voltage over-limit degree calculation unit is used to calculate the voltage U at the grid connection point using ΔU=UU * Calculate the voltage over-limit degree ΔU at the grid connection point, where U * is the rated voltage;

[0086] Active power control quantity calculation unit, used to combine the active power voltage sensitivity K of the grid connection point P , using P = ΔU × K P Calculate the active control quantity P.

[0087] The active voltage sensitivity K of the grid connection point P Obtained by:

[0088] Establish an equivalent circuit model of the station area;

[0089] Based on the equivalent circuit model, the grid connection point voltage change after the active power change is analyzed through power flow calculation, and the grid connection point voltage change is divided by the active power change to determine the grid connection point active voltage sensitivity.

[0090] The third embodiment of the present invention relates to an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the hierarchical control method for managing over-limit voltage of users in a photovoltaic area of ​​the first embodiment when executing the computer program.

[0091] The fourth embodiment of the present invention relates to a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the hierarchical control method for managing over-limit voltage of users in a photovoltaic area of ​​the first embodiment.

[0092] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage and optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.

[0093] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0094] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured product including an instruction method, which is implemented in the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0095] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A step that specifies a function in one or more boxes.

[0096] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A hierarchical control method for managing voltage over-limit of users in photovoltaic areas, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Detecting the grid connection point voltage of the photovoltaic inverter, and determining whether the grid connection point voltage is in a voltage over-limit state; If the grid connection point voltage is in a voltage over-limit state, a reactive control strategy is adopted to calculate the reactive control amount in combination with the reactive voltage sensitivity of the grid connection point; Controlling the photovoltaic inverter to adjust reactive power output based on the reactive control amount; Determine whether the reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter has reached a maximum value, and whether the grid connection point voltage is still in a voltage over-limit state; If the reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter reaches the maximum value and the grid connection point voltage is still in the voltage over-limit state, Then the active control quantity is calculated by using active control strategy in combination with the active voltage sensitivity of the grid connection point; The photovoltaic inverter is controlled to limit the active output based on the active control amount until the voltage at the grid connection point returns to a normal range.

2. The hierarchical control method for managing over-limit voltage of photovoltaic users according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The reactive control quantity is calculated by adopting a reactive control strategy in combination with the reactive voltage sensitivity of the grid connection point, specifically including: According to the grid connection point voltage U, ΔU=UU * Calculate the voltage over-limit degree ΔU at the grid connection point, where U * is the rated voltage; Combined with the reactive voltage sensitivity K of the grid connection point Q , using Q = ΔU × K Q Calculate the reactive control quantity Q.

3. The hierarchical control method for managing over-limit voltage of photovoltaic users according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The reactive voltage sensitivity K of the grid connection point Q Obtained by: Establish an equivalent circuit model of the station area; Based on the equivalent circuit model, the grid connection point voltage change after the reactive power change is analyzed through power flow calculation, and the grid connection point voltage change is divided by the reactive power change to determine the grid connection point reactive voltage sensitivity.

4. The hierarchical control method for managing over-limit voltage of photovoltaic users according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also includes: If the reactive power output of the photovoltaic inverter has not reached the maximum value, and the grid connection point voltage is still in a voltage over-limit state, the reactive power control amount continues to be adjusted according to the change of the grid connection point voltage.

5. The hierarchical control method for managing over-limit voltage of photovoltaic users according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also includes: If the reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter has not reached the maximum value and the grid-connected point voltage has returned to a normal state, the photovoltaic inverter is controlled to maintain a current state, and when the grid-connected point voltage decreases, the reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter is adjusted.

6. The hierarchical control method for managing over-limit voltage of photovoltaic users according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The active control quantity is calculated by using an active control strategy in combination with the active voltage sensitivity of the grid connection point, specifically including: According to the grid connection point voltage U, ΔU=UU * Calculate the voltage over-limit degree ΔU at the grid connection point, where U * is the rated voltage; Combined with the active voltage sensitivity K of the grid connection point P , using P = ΔU × K P Calculate the active control quantity P.

7. The hierarchical control method for managing over-limit voltage of photovoltaic users according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The active voltage sensitivity K of the grid connection point P Obtained by: Establish an equivalent circuit model of the station area; Based on the equivalent circuit model, the grid connection point voltage change after the active power change is analyzed through power flow calculation, and the grid connection point voltage change is divided by the active power change to determine the grid connection point active voltage sensitivity.

8. A hierarchical control device for managing over-limit voltage of users in photovoltaic areas, characterized in that: include: A first judgment module is used to detect the grid connection point voltage of the photovoltaic inverter and judge whether the grid connection point voltage is in a voltage over-limit state; A first calculation module is used to calculate the reactive control amount by adopting a reactive control strategy in combination with the reactive voltage sensitivity of the grid connection point when the grid connection point voltage is in a voltage over-limit state; A first control module, used for controlling the photovoltaic inverter to adjust the reactive output based on the reactive control amount; A second judgment module is used to judge whether the reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter has reached a maximum value and whether the grid connection point voltage is still in a voltage over-limit state; A second calculation module is used to calculate the active control amount by adopting an active control strategy in combination with the active voltage sensitivity of the grid connection point when the reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter reaches a maximum value and the grid connection point voltage is still in a voltage over-limit state; The second control module is used to control the photovoltaic inverter to limit the active output based on the active control amount until the grid connection point voltage returns to a normal range.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the hierarchical control method for managing voltage over-limit of users in a photovoltaic area as described in any one of claims 1-7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of the hierarchical control method for managing over-limit voltage of users in a photovoltaic area as described in any one of claims 1-8 are implemented.

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