The invention discloses a non-contact liquid cooling system for high-power charging and a liquid cooling method of the non-contact liquid cooling system, the non-contact liquid cooling system comprises a liquid cooling cable, a cable built-in pipeline is arranged in the center of the liquid cooling cable, a quick connector is arranged at the rear end of the cable built-in pipeline, and the cable built-in pipeline is coated with a cable conductor. A cable outer insulating layer is arranged on the outer side of the cable conductor, a power terminal is connected to the rear end of the cable conductor in a pressing mode, the quick connector is fixedly installed on a liquid cooling cavity, and an insulating heat conduction piece is arranged in the liquid cooling cavity. According to the non-contact liquid cooling system for high-power charging and the liquid cooling method of the non-contact liquid cooling system, heat generated on the power terminals during charging is transmitted to and exchanged to the cooling liquid through the insulating heat conduction piece, the rapid circulating cooling liquid transmits heat, the cooling is rapid, a non-contact mode is adopted, the cooling liquid is safer, the short-circuit risk is eliminated, and through the I-shaped design of the insulating heat conduction piece, the heat dissipation is more comprehensive and effective.