Gradient type particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate and preparation process thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum-based materials, and particularly relates to a gradient type particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate and a preparation technology thereof.The preparation technology comprises the steps that a plurality of aluminum alloy plates with different Mg contents and a plurality of particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates with different reinforcement contents are alternately stacked together according to a certain gradient; and after integration, the materials are compounded by adopting a process of cold rolling and hot rolling sequentially. The particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material and the aluminum alloy are adopted to construct the multi-layer composite plate, the characteristics of high strength and good plasticity are shown, the interlayer bonding strength of the materials is high, the synergistic strengthening effect can be generated, and new possibility is developed for application of the multi-layer composite plate in wider fields; the tensile strength of the gradient type particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite / aluminum alloy composite plate is larger than or equal to 400 MPa, the yield strength is larger than or equal to 280 MPa, and the ductility is larger than or equal to 5%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum-based materials, and in particular to a gradient particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate and a preparation process thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous pursuit of lightweight products in aerospace, automobile manufacturing and other fields, aluminum-based composites, as an engineering material with excellent comprehensive properties such as light weight, high specific strength, high specific modulus, good thermal conductivity, stability at high temperature and corrosion resistance, have attracted much attention in the industrial field. When particle-reinforced aluminum-based composites are subjected to external loads, the force will be transferred from the softer aluminum matrix to the harder reinforcement particles through the matrix-reinforcement particle interface, and the reinforcement particles will mainly bear the load, so that the strength of the aluminum-based composite is improved. However, due to the "compromise relationship" between strength and plasticity, the introduction of reinforcement particles improves the strength and elastic modulus of aluminum-based composites, while also greatly reducing their plasticity and ductility. At present, the low plasticity of particle-reinforced aluminum-based composites limits their application potential and scope in structural components to a certain extent. Therefore, improving the plasticity of aluminum-based composites and developing new high-performance aluminum-based composites have great application potential. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a gradient particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate and a preparation process thereof.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A preparation process of a gradient particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1. preparing an aluminum alloy plate and a particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite plate respectively;

[0007] S2, stacking the aluminum alloy plates and the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates alternately according to a certain composition gradient, and integrating them to obtain a prefabricated sample;

[0008] S3, cold rolling the prefabricated sample through a cold rolling mill to obtain a cold-rolled composite plate;

[0009] S4, heating and keeping the pressed composite plate in a heat treatment furnace, and then hot rolling it in a hot rolling mill to obtain a hot rolled composite plate;

[0010] S5. Water-cooling the hot-rolled composite plate to obtain a gradient particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate.

[0011] As a preferred scheme for the preparation process of a gradient particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate described in the present invention, wherein: in the step S1, the aluminum alloy plate is a plurality of aluminum alloy plates with different Mg contents; the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plate is a plurality of particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates with different reinforcement contents.

[0012] As a preferred scheme for the preparation process of a gradient particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate described in the present invention, wherein: in the step S1, the Mg content of multiple aluminum alloy plates with different Mg contents is 0.1-11wt%; the reinforcement content of multiple particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates with different reinforcement contents is 1.0-30vol%.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the preparation process of a gradient particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate described in the present invention, wherein: in the step S1, the reinforcement is particles with an average size of less than 50 μm.

[0014] As a preferred scheme for the preparation process of a gradient particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate described in the present invention, wherein: in the step S1, the reinforcement includes TiB2, WC, B4C, TiO2, ZrSiO4, TiC, SiC, ZrO2, Si3N4, Al2O3, and ZrB2.

[0015] As a preferred scheme of the preparation process of a gradient particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate described in the present invention, wherein: in the step S1, the preparation method of multiple aluminum alloy plates with different Mg contents is: the aluminum alloy substrate is melted and then kept warm to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid, the aluminum alloy liquid is alloyed with different Mg contents, the alloyed aluminum alloy liquid is cast into a metal mold to obtain aluminum alloy castings with different Mg contents respectively, the obtained aluminum alloy castings with different Mg contents are stacked together, punched and fixed, and multiple aluminum alloy plates with different Mg contents are obtained through cold rolling and hot rolling.

[0016] As a preferred scheme of the preparation process of a gradient particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate described in the present invention, wherein: in the step S1, the preparation method of multiple particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates with different reinforcement contents is: the aluminum alloy substrate is melted and then kept warm to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid, different contents of reinforcement particles are added to the aluminum alloy liquid, and the aluminum alloy liquid is ventilated and stirred at the same time, and the aluminum alloy liquid with added reinforcement particles is cast into a metal mold to obtain particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material castings with different reinforcement contents, and multiple particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates with different reinforcement contents are obtained after cold rolling and hot rolling.

[0017] As a preferred scheme for the preparation process of a gradient particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate described in the present invention, wherein: in the step S2, the aluminum alloy plates are stacked alternately according to the Mg content, and the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates are stacked alternately according to the reinforcement content from bottom to top according to the content gradient.

[0018] To solve the above technical problem, according to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0019] A gradient particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate is prepared by using the above-mentioned gradient particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate preparation process.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the gradient particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate described in the present invention, the composite plate has a tensile strength of ≥400 MPa, a yield strength of ≥280 MPa, and an elongation of ≥5%.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] The present invention proposes a gradient particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate and its preparation process, wherein a plurality of aluminum alloy plates with different Mg contents and a plurality of particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates with different reinforcement contents are alternately stacked together according to a certain gradient, and after integration, they are composited by a process of first cold rolling and then hot rolling. The particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material and aluminum alloy are used to construct a multi-layer composite plate, which exhibits the characteristics of high strength and good plasticity. The interlayer bonding strength of these materials is high, and a synergistic strengthening effect can be produced, which opens up new possibilities for its application in a wider range of fields. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will be described clearly and completely in conjunction with the technical solutions in the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] The present invention proposes a gradient particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate and its preparation process, adopts a unique external toughening mechanism, introduces a gradient aluminum alloy plastic layer to construct a new type of aluminum alloy composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate structure, and adopts a combination of cold rolling and hot rolling to prepare a high-performance particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate. The process of cold rolling and hot rolling is used to combine in advance to avoid oxidation of the bonding surface during hot rolling; during the tensile deformation process, the high-strength layer can inhibit the plastic deformation of other layers, while the low-strength layer that meets the plastic deformation conditions will promote the plastic deformation of other layers. This synergistic strengthening effect plays a vital role in the tensile deformation mechanism of the gradient composite plate. At the same time, due to the presence of a strong interface, additional tension will be generated inside the composite plate, and the presence of a high plastic layer will generate additional pressure. The combined effect of this tension and pressure enables the gradient particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate to maintain good plasticity while improving hardness. This innovative technology not only significantly improves the strength and toughness of particle reinforced aluminum-based composite materials / aluminum alloy composite plates, but also opens up new possibilities for their application in a wider range of fields.

[0025] According to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0026] A preparation process of a gradient particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate comprises the following steps:

[0027] S1. preparing an aluminum alloy plate and a particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite plate respectively;

[0028] S2, stacking the aluminum alloy plates and the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates alternately according to a certain composition gradient, and integrating them through a whole-plate machine to obtain a prefabricated sample;

[0029] S3, cold rolling the prefabricated sample through a cold rolling mill, with a cold rolling deformation of 8 to 10%, to obtain a cold-rolled composite plate;

[0030] S4, heating and keeping the pressed composite plate in a heat treatment furnace, and then hot rolling the pressed composite plate in a hot rolling mill to obtain a hot rolled composite plate; the hot rolling temperature is 400-500° C., and the rolling deformation is 20-80%;

[0031] S5. Water-cooling the hot-rolled composite plate to obtain a gradient particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate.

[0032] Preferably, in step S1, the aluminum alloy plates are aluminum alloy plates with multiple different Mg contents; and the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates are particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates with multiple different reinforcement contents.

[0033] Preferably, in step S1, the Mg content of the plurality of aluminum alloy plates with different Mg contents is 0.1-11 wt%; the reinforcement content of the plurality of particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates with different reinforcement contents is 1.0-30 vol%.

[0034] Preferably, in step S1, the reinforcement is particles with an average size of less than 50 μm.

[0035] Preferably, in step S1, the reinforcement includes TiB2, WC, B4C, TiO2, ZrSiO4, TiC, SiC, ZrO2, Si3N4, Al2O3, and ZrB2.

[0036] Preferably, in step S1, the preparation method of multiple aluminum alloy plates with different Mg contents is as follows: placing an aluminum alloy substrate in a crucible, heating it to 650-850°C, keeping the aluminum alloy substrate warm after it is completely melted to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid, cooling the aluminum alloy liquid to 650-750°C, alloying with different Mg contents, pressing the aluminum alloy liquid to keep it warm, stirring evenly after magnesium is completely melted, adding a refiner to the aluminum alloy liquid after adding magnesium at 700-750°C, stirring evenly and keeping it warm for 10-60 minutes after it is completely melted, skimming the refined and alloyed aluminum alloy liquid and casting it into a metal mold to obtain aluminum alloy castings with different Mg contents respectively, stacking the obtained aluminum alloy castings with different Mg contents together, punching and fixing them, and obtaining multiple aluminum alloy plates with different Mg contents through cold rolling and hot rolling.

[0037] Preferably, in step S1, the preparation method of multiple particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates with different reinforcement contents is: placing an aluminum alloy substrate in a crucible, heating it to 650-850°C, and keeping it warm after the aluminum alloy substrate is completely melted to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid, adding reinforcement particles with different contents to the aluminum alloy liquid, and aerating and stirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 30-60 minutes, refining the aluminum alloy liquid with the reinforcement particles, and then skimming and casting it into a metal mold to obtain particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material castings with different reinforcement contents, and obtaining multiple particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates with different reinforcement contents through cold rolling and hot rolling.

[0038] Preferably, in step S2, the aluminum alloy plates are stacked alternately according to the Mg content and the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates are stacked alternately according to the reinforcement content from bottom to top.

[0039] According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0040] A gradient particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate is prepared by using the above-mentioned gradient particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate preparation process.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment of the gradient particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate described in the present invention, the composite plate has a tensile strength of ≥400 MPa, a yield strength of ≥280 MPa, and an elongation of ≥5%.

[0042] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] A preparation process of a gradient particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate comprises the following steps:

[0045] S1. Prepare aluminum alloy plates and particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite plates respectively; the aluminum alloy plates are aluminum alloy plates with two different Mg contents; the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite plates are particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite plates with two different reinforcement contents; the two aluminum alloy plates with different Mg contents are both Al-Mg alloys, and the Mg contents are 8.0wt% and 9.0wt%, respectively; the reinforcement contents of the two particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite plates with different reinforcement contents are 1vol% and 2vol%, respectively; the reinforcement is particles with an average size of 1.0μm, and the reinforcement is TiB2;

[0046] S2, stacking the aluminum alloy plates according to the Mg content and the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates according to the reinforcement content, alternately from bottom to top according to the content gradient, and integrating them through a whole-plate machine to obtain a prefabricated sample;

[0047] S3, cold rolling the prefabricated sample through a cold rolling mill, with a cold rolling deformation of 5%, to obtain a cold-rolled composite plate;

[0048] S4, heating and keeping the pressed composite plate in a heat treatment furnace, and then hot rolling the pressed composite plate in a hot rolling mill to obtain a hot rolled composite plate; the hot rolling temperature is 500° C., and the rolling deformation is 30%;

[0049] S5. The hot-rolled composite plate is water-cooled and subjected to T6 treatment to obtain a gradient particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate.

[0050] The tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the gradient particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate prepared in this embodiment are 400 MPa, 310 MPa and 5%, respectively.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] A preparation process of a gradient particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate comprises the following steps:

[0053] S1. Prepare aluminum alloy plates and particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite plates respectively; the aluminum alloy plates are aluminum alloy plates with three different Mg contents; the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite plates are particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite plates with two different reinforcement contents; the three aluminum alloy plates with different Mg contents are all Al-Cu-Mg alloys, the Cu content is 3.8wt%, and the Mg content is 0.9wt%, 1.1wt%, and 1.3wt%, respectively; the reinforcement contents of the two particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite plates with different reinforcement contents are 10vol% and 15vol%, respectively; the reinforcement is particles with an average size of 10μm, and the reinforcement is SiC;

[0054] S2, stacking the aluminum alloy plates according to the Mg content and the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates according to the reinforcement content, alternately from bottom to top according to the content gradient, and integrating them through a whole-plate machine to obtain a prefabricated sample;

[0055] S3, cold rolling the prefabricated sample through a cold rolling mill, with a cold rolling deformation of 8%, to obtain a cold-rolled composite plate;

[0056] S4, heating and keeping the pressed composite plate in a heat treatment furnace, and then hot rolling the pressed composite plate in a hot rolling mill to obtain a hot rolled composite plate; the hot rolling temperature is 490° C., and the rolling deformation is 40%;

[0057] S5. The hot-rolled composite plate is water-cooled, and then subjected to solid solution treatment and natural aging treatment to obtain a gradient particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate.

[0058] The tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the gradient particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate prepared in this embodiment are 480 MPa, 300 MPa and 9%, respectively.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] A preparation process of a gradient particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate comprises the following steps:

[0061] S1. Prepare aluminum alloy plates and particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite plates respectively; the aluminum alloy plates are aluminum alloy plates with two different Mg contents; the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite plates are particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite plates with two different reinforcement contents; the two aluminum alloy plates with different Mg contents are Al-Cu-Mg alloys, the Cu content is 4.3wt%, and the Mg content is 0.9wt% and 1.1wt% respectively; the reinforcement contents of the two particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite plates with different reinforcement contents are 1vol% and 2vol% respectively; the reinforcement is particles with an average size of 20μm, and the reinforcement is SiC;

[0062] S2, stacking the aluminum alloy plates according to the Mg content and the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates according to the reinforcement content, alternately from bottom to top according to the content gradient, and integrating them through a whole-plate machine to obtain a prefabricated sample;

[0063] S3, cold rolling the prefabricated sample through a cold rolling mill, with a cold rolling deformation of 10%, to obtain a cold-rolled composite plate;

[0064] S4, heating and keeping the pressed composite plate in a heat treatment furnace, and then performing multiple hot rolling in a hot rolling mill to obtain a hot rolled composite plate; the hot rolling temperature is 420°C, the deformation of one hot rolling is 10%, and the total deformation of hot rolling is 50%;

[0065] S5. The hot-rolled composite plate is water-cooled and subjected to T6 treatment to obtain a gradient particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate.

[0066] The tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the gradient particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate prepared in this embodiment are 450 MPa, 280 MPa and 12% respectively.

[0067] The present invention stacks a plurality of aluminum alloy plates with different Mg contents and a plurality of particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates with different reinforcement contents alternately according to a certain gradient, and after integration, they are composited by a process of first cold rolling and then hot rolling. The particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material and aluminum alloy are used to construct a multi-layer composite plate, which exhibits the characteristics of high strength and good plasticity. The interlayer bonding strength of these materials is high, and a synergistic strengthening effect can be produced, which opens up new possibilities for its application in a wider range of fields. The tensile strength of the gradient particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate is ≥400MPa, the yield strength is ≥280MPa, and the elongation is ≥5%.

[0068] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification under the inventive concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation process of a gradient particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. preparing an aluminum alloy plate and a particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite plate respectively; S2, stacking the aluminum alloy plates and the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates alternately according to a certain composition gradient, and integrating them to obtain a prefabricated sample; S3, cold rolling the prefabricated sample through a cold rolling mill to obtain a cold-rolled composite plate; S4, heating and keeping the pressed composite plate in a heat treatment furnace, and then hot rolling it in a hot rolling mill to obtain a hot rolled composite plate; S5. Water-cooling the hot-rolled composite plate to obtain a gradient particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate.

2. The preparation process of the gradient particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the aluminum alloy plates are a plurality of aluminum alloy plates with different Mg contents; The particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material plate is a particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material plate with multiple different reinforcement contents.

3. The preparation process of the gradient particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step S1, the Mg content of the plurality of aluminum alloy plates with different Mg contents is 0.1-11 wt %; the reinforcement content of the plurality of particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates with different reinforcement contents is 1.0-30 vol %.

4. The preparation process of the gradient particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step S1, the reinforcement is particles with an average size of less than 50 μm.

5. The preparation process of the gradient particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S1, the reinforcement includes TiB2, WC, B4C, TiO2, ZrSiO4, TiC, SiC, ZrO2, Si3N4, Al2O3, and ZrB2.

6. The preparation process of the gradient particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step S1, the preparation method of multiple aluminum alloy plates with different Mg contents is: melting an aluminum alloy substrate and then keeping it warm to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid, alloying the aluminum alloy liquid with different Mg contents, casting the alloyed aluminum alloy liquid into a metal mold to obtain aluminum alloy castings with different Mg contents, stacking the obtained aluminum alloy castings with different Mg contents together, punching and fixing them, and obtaining multiple aluminum alloy plates with different Mg contents through cold rolling and hot rolling.

7. The process for preparing the gradient particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step S1, the preparation method of multiple particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates with different reinforcement contents is: melting an aluminum alloy substrate and then keeping it warm to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid, adding reinforcement particles with different contents to the aluminum alloy liquid, and aerating and stirring the aluminum alloy liquid at the same time, casting the aluminum alloy liquid with added reinforcement particles into a metal mold to obtain particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material castings with different reinforcement contents, and obtaining multiple particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material plates with different reinforcement contents through cold rolling and hot rolling.

8. The process for preparing the gradient particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, the aluminum alloy plates are stacked alternately according to the Mg content and the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material plates are stacked alternately according to the reinforcement content from bottom to top.

9. A gradient particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate, characterized in that: The composite material is prepared by the preparation process of the gradient particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The gradient particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material / aluminum alloy composite plate according to claim 9, characterized in that: The tensile strength of the composite plate is ≥400MPa, the yield strength is ≥280MPa, and the elongation is ≥5%.