Plunger pump cavitation test device and test and heat dissipation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a plunger pump cavitation test device and a test and heat dissipation method thereof, and the method comprises the steps: copying a real structure and kinematic characteristic mirror image of a valve plate and a cylinder body of an actual plunger pump to a cavitation operation part, and recording the whole process of cavitation from the formation of an oil suction cavity to the collapse of an oil pressing cavity; then numerical definition of sub-cavitation, critical cavitation, local cavitation and super-cavitation states of the plunger pump is completed in combination with numerical changes of corresponding pressure and flow in the dynamic process, cavitation effects of the valve plate and a cylinder body structure under different operating parameters are pre-judged accordingly, the cavitation test problem of the actual plunger pump is solved, and the working efficiency of the plunger pump is improved. The designed centrifugal self-flushing structure flow channel ensures the long-term stable operation of the test device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of hydraulic transmission testing, in particular to a device for cavitation testing of a plunger pump and a testing and heat dissipation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The cavitation problem of plunger pumps has always been a key issue affecting the performance and service life of plunger pumps. At present, software simulation is often used in the design of valve plate and plunger cylinder to avoid erosion of valve plate, plunger cylinder and plunger caused by cavitation as much as possible. However, simulation has its great limitations, especially for the simulation of dynamic cavitation, which cannot achieve good results. Only through experiments can the evolution process of cavitation and the degree of cavitation under different operating parameters be truly restored. However, there is currently a lack of experimental basis for the cavitation of plunger pumps, especially for high-pressure plunger pumps. Cavitation is not only affected by the structure of the valve plate and cylinder, but also by the pressure of the suction and pressure oil, the The influence of the kinematic characteristics of the piston and the operating condition of the cylinder body, all of which can be restored and displayed only when the plunger pump is actually running, but the actual plunger pump is affected by the structure and materials and cannot be visualized, and the evolution process of cavitation and the effect of cavitation cannot be visualized and quantified; how to restore the real operation process of the plunger pump cavitation and visualize and record and analyze this evolution process, and then numerically define the sub-cavitation, critical cavitation, local cavitation and supercavitation states of the plunger pump through the effect has become an urgent problem to be solved. Therefore, a test device for plunger pump cavitation and its testing and heat dissipation method are needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a plunger pump cavitation testing device and a testing and heat dissipation method thereof to solve the problems in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] The technical problem solved by the present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions: The plunger pump cavitation test device comprises a control system, an oil supply control part, a cavitation operation part, and a hydraulic power part, wherein the oil outlet of the oil supply control part is respectively connected to the oil inlet chamber and the oil supply chamber of the cavitation operation part, the oil outlet of the oil supply control part is also connected to the pump control oil port of the hydraulic power part, the return oil chamber and the pressure oil chamber of the cavitation operation part are respectively connected to the return oil port of the oil supply control part, the oil extraction port of the cavitation operation part is connected to the first oil port of the pump of the hydraulic power part, the second oil port and the pump return oil port of the hydraulic power part are respectively connected to the return oil port of the oil supply control part, and the control system is respectively connected to the oil supply control part. , the controlled elements, sensors and photographic devices of the cavitation operation part and the hydraulic power part are connected; the oil supply control part supplies oil to the cavitation operation part and the hydraulic power part respectively, and the return oil of the cavitation operation part and the hydraulic power part is transported to the oil supply control part, the flow distribution structure of the cavitation operation part is consistent with the flow distribution structure of the hydraulic power part, the control system controls the operation mode of the cavitation operation part and the hydraulic power part to be consistent, the hydraulic power part absorbs and compresses the oil of the cavitation operation part to form cavitation in the cavitation operation part, and the cavitation operation part and the oil supply control part feed back the cavitation image, pressure and flow change data to the control system for record and analysis.

[0005] In the present invention, the cavitation operation part includes a cavitation motor, an integrated end cover, a heat dissipation oil inlet joint, a heat dissipation oil inlet pipe joint, an oil supply joint, an oil supply pipe joint, a high-speed camera, a cavitation cavity, an oil extraction joint, an oil extraction pipe joint, a pressure sensor, an anti-stirring cover, an oil pressure joint, an oil pressure pipe joint, a heat dissipation oil return joint, a heat dissipation oil return pipe joint, a cylinder plunger cavity, a preload spring, a tightening nut, a cylinder disk, a distribution disk, a control shaft, a spring washer, a first bearing, a bearing sleeve, and a second bearing, wherein the bearing sleeve is fixedly arranged on the integrated end cover, the second bearing is fixedly arranged in the bearing sleeve, the first bearing sleeve is arranged on the control shaft, and the first bearing is arranged on the integrated end cover, and the control shaft is rotatably arranged in the second bearing; The distribution plate is sleeved on the bearing sleeve and fits with the end surface of the integrated end cover, the cylinder-like plate is fixedly arranged on the control shaft, a clamping nut is arranged on the fastening threaded end of the control shaft, a spring washer is arranged on one side of the inner ring of the first bearing, and the spring washer is sleeved on the control shaft, the preload spring is located between the clamping nut and the spring washer and sleeved on the control shaft, and the preload of the preload spring is adjusted by rotating and adjusting the axial position of the clamping nut on the control shaft, thereby controlling the fitting preload of the cylinder-like plate and the distribution plate; The cavitation motor is fastened to the integrated end cover, the power output shaft of the cavitation motor is connected with the control shaft for transmission, the anti-stirring cover is covered on the cylinder-like disc and the distribution disc, and is fastened to the integrated end cover, the anti-stirring cover is used to prevent the cylinder-like disc from causing agitation due to rotation, thereby affecting the cavitation and photography effect of the hydraulic oil, when it is necessary to observe the cavitation state in the cylinder, the cylinder-like disc is provided with a cylinder-like plunger cavity, and the cylinder-like plunger cavity is detachable for different tests; The heat dissipation oil inlet joint, the oil supply joint, the oil extraction joint, the oil pressure joint, and the heat dissipation oil return joint are respectively arranged at the corresponding oil ports of the integrated end cover. The heat dissipation oil inlet joint is connected to the oil pipe through the heat dissipation oil inlet pipe joint, the oil supply joint is connected to the oil pipe through the oil supply pipe joint, the oil extraction joint is connected to the oil pipe through the oil extraction pipe joint, the oil pressure joint is connected to the oil pipe through the oil pressure pipe joint, and the heat dissipation oil return joint is connected to the oil pipe through the heat dissipation oil return pipe joint; The integrated end cover is fixedly connected to the cavitation cavity to form a closed cavity, and the anti-stirring cover, the cylinder plunger cavity, the cylinder disk, and the distribution disk are located in the cavity formed by the cavitation cavity and the integrated end cover; A plurality of high-speed cameras and pressure sensors are respectively arranged on the integrated end cover and the cavitation cavity to monitor and record the changing process of cavitation.

[0006] In the present invention, an end cover heat dissipation inner cavity, a first bearing cavity, an end cover heat dissipation channel and a bearing sleeve cavity are coaxially arranged in sequence from one end to the other end of the integrated end cover. A heat dissipation oil inlet cavity is arranged on one side of the end cover heat dissipation inner cavity located on the integrated end cover, and a heat dissipation oil return cavity is arranged on the other side. The heat dissipation oil inlet cavity and the heat dissipation oil return cavity are respectively connected with the end cover heat dissipation inner cavity. The heat dissipation oil temperature port arranged on the integrated end cover is connected with the heat dissipation oil return cavity. The integrated end cover is also provided with an oil supply cavity and an oil pressure cavity. The oil supply cavity and the heat dissipation oil inlet cavity are located on the same side and their respective oil inlet ports are located on the same end face of the integrated end cover. The oil pressure cavity and the heat dissipation oil return cavity are located on the same side and their respective oil outlet ports are located at On the same end face of the integrated end cover, the oil outlet port of the oil supply chamber and the oil inlet port of the oil pressure chamber are located on the same end face of the integrated end cover, the oil outlet port of the oil supply chamber is located on one side of the bearing sleeve cavity, and the oil inlet port of the oil pressure chamber is located on the other side of the bearing sleeve cavity, the oil supply pressure port and the oil supply photography port arranged on the integrated end cover are respectively connected with the oil supply chamber, the oil pressure port and the oil pressure photography port arranged on the integrated end cover are respectively connected with the oil pressure chamber, a screw hole is arranged on the integrated end cover at the end where the end cover heat dissipation inner cavity is located, a pin hole is arranged on the integrated end cover at the end where the bearing sleeve cavity is located, the diameter of the end cover heat dissipation channel is smaller than the diameter of the first bearing cavity, and the diameter of the end cover heat dissipation channel is smaller than the diameter of the bearing sleeve cavity.

[0007] In the present invention, a transmission inner hole, an axial oil channel, and a radial oil channel are sequentially arranged inside the control shaft from one end to the other end. A transmission keyway and a spindle heat dissipation channel are also arranged at the transmission inner hole part. One end of the axial oil channel is connected with the transmission inner hole, and the other end is connected with the radial oil channel. A fastening thread, a first bearing outer circle, a second bearing outer circle, and a tightening boss are sequentially arranged outside the control shaft from one end to the other end. The diameter of the first bearing outer circle is larger than the diameter of the end cover heat dissipation channel.

[0008] In the present invention, a second bearing heat dissipation channel is arranged on the second bearing, the bearing sleeve is fixedly arranged in the bearing sleeve cavity, the first bearing sleeve is arranged on the outer circle of the first bearing, the first bearing is arranged in the first bearing cavity, and the outer circle of the second bearing of the control shaft is rotatably arranged in the second bearing.

[0009] In the present invention, the distribution plate is fitted with the end surface of the bearing sleeve cavity of the integrated end cover, and the pin shaft arranged in the pin hole of the integrated end cover cooperates with the pin hole on the distribution plate at the same time, thereby completing the limitation of the distribution plate relative to the integrated end cover; the axial position of the cylinder body plate relative to the control shaft is limited by the tensioning boss on the control shaft.

[0010] In the present invention, the heat dissipation oil inlet joint is arranged at the oil inlet port of the heat dissipation oil inlet chamber, the heat dissipation oil return joint is arranged at the oil outlet port of the heat dissipation oil return chamber, the oil supply joint is arranged at the oil inlet port of the oil supply chamber, the oil pressure joint is arranged at the oil outlet port of the oil pressure chamber, and the oil extraction joint is arranged at the oil extraction port of the cavitation cavity.

[0011] In the present invention, the cavitation cavity is provided with pressure-bearing tempered glass at the high-speed camera, the heat dissipation oil temperature port is provided with a temperature sensor, the oil supply photography port and the oil pressure photography port are respectively provided with high-speed cameras, and the oil supply pressure port and the oil pressure port are respectively provided with pressure sensors.

[0012] In the present invention, the oil supply control part includes an oil supply pump station, an electronically controlled flow valve, an oil supply flow meter, an oil supply check valve, an oil extraction flow meter, an electronically controlled overflow valve, an oil pressure check valve, and an oil pressure flow meter; the hydraulic power part includes a plunger pump, a pump motor, a pump electronically controlled valve, a first pump oil port, a second pump oil port, a pump control oil port, and a pump oil return port; wherein the oil supply pump station can output the corresponding oil volume and pressure under the control of the control system as required; the oil supply pump station supplies oil to the heat dissipation oil inlet cavity, the oil supply cavity, and the pump control oil port respectively; and a front end oil inlet pipeline of the heat dissipation oil inlet cavity is provided with There is an electronically controlled flow valve, and an oil supply flow meter and an oil supply check valve are arranged on the front oil inlet pipe of the oil supply chamber in sequence. The pressure oil of the oil supply pump station is transported to the oil supply chamber after passing through the oil supply check valve and the oil supply flow meter. The hydraulic oil output from the heat dissipation return oil chamber is directly returned to the oil tank of the oil supply pump station. The hydraulic oil output from the pressure oil chamber is returned to the second oil port of the pump through the pressure oil flow meter, the pressure oil check valve and the electronically controlled overflow valve in sequence. An oil extraction flow meter is arranged on the pipeline from the oil port of the cavitation chamber to the first oil port of the pump. The second oil port of the pump and the oil return port of the pump are respectively connected to the oil tank of the oil supply pump station.

[0013] In the present invention, the control system controls the pump motor to drive the plunger pump at different speeds, the control system controls the pump electronic control valve and enables the plunger pump to obtain different displacements under the action of the pressure oil from the pump control oil port, and the combination of the displacement and speed of the plunger pump forms a flow rate.

[0014] In the present invention, the control system controls the rotation of the cavitation motor and the pump motor respectively. The cavitation motor drives the cylinder disk to rotate through the control shaft, and the pump motor drives the plunger pump to rotate. The control system controls the pump electronic control valve and causes the plunger pump to suck and pressurize oil under the action of the pressure oil from the pump control oil port. The control system further controls the oil supply pump station to supply oil to the oil supply cavity. The hydraulic oil entering the oil supply cavity through the oil supply check valve and the oil supply flow meter enters the cavity formed by the integrated end cover and the cavitation cavity through the distribution plate and the cylinder disk. The plunger pump absorbs the hydraulic oil in the cavity, so that the hydraulic oil entering the cavity enters the plunger pump through the oil extraction flow meter and then outputs the return oil. In this process, the oil suction forms a negative pressure and then forms a cavity. When the cavitation is formed or after the cavitation develops and stabilizes, the control system controls the pump electronic control valve to change the direction of the plunger pump's oil suction and pressure. The plunger pump changes from the state of sucking oil from the cavity formed by the integrated end cover and the cavitation cavity to the state of pressing oil into the cavity. The hydraulic oil that forms the cavitation is pressed into the oil pressure cavity through the cylinder plate and the distribution plate and then output through the oil pressure flow meter, the oil pressure check valve, and the electronically controlled overflow valve. The oil pressure in this process causes the cavitation in the hydraulic oil to collapse. During the cavitation operation, high-speed cameras and pressure sensors feed back cavitation data to the control system in real time for recording. The control system analyzes the cavitation degree and cavitation effect under different operating conditions based on the data feedback from the oil supply flowmeter, oil extraction flowmeter, and oil pressure flowmeter, combined with images and pressure changes.

[0015] In the present invention, the control system controls the cavitation motor to drive the control shaft to rotate to generate heat. The control system adjusts the flow of the electronically controlled flow valve according to the feedback of the temperature sensor of the heat dissipation oil temperature port, so that the hydraulic oil flows from the heat dissipation oil inlet chamber into the heat dissipation inner cavity of the end cover and then flows out through the heat dissipation oil return chamber to return the oil, thereby adjusting the temperature of the running parts; the radial oil channel on the rotating control shaft forms a centrifugal suction and pressure oil effect, and the hydraulic oil in the heat dissipation inner cavity of the end cover is sucked into the cavity formed by the cylinder disk, the distribution disk, the control shaft, the bearing sleeve, and the second bearing through the main shaft heat dissipation channel, the axial oil channel, and the radial oil channel, and then outputted from the second bearing heat dissipation channel and the end cover heat dissipation channel and circulated back to the end cover heat dissipation inner cavity through the first bearing, and the oil in the end cover heat dissipation inner cavity is in a dynamic flow state, so that the heat is taken away by the circulating hydraulic oil.

[0016] In the present invention, when the plunger pump sucks oil from the cavity formed by the integrated end cover and the cavitation cavity, the oil pressure cavity side is in a closed state under the action of the oil pressure check valve, and the oil supply check valve is in an open state; when the plunger pump pressurizes oil into the cavity formed by the integrated end cover and the cavitation cavity, the oil supply cavity side is in a closed state under the action of the oil supply check valve, and the oil pressure check valve is in an open state.

[0017] In the present invention, the distribution plate has the same structure as the distribution plate of the plunger pump, and the fitting surface structure between the cylinder plate and the distribution plate is the same as the fitting surface structure between the cylinder and the distribution plate of the plunger pump.

[0018] In the present invention, when the plunger pump is an open pump, the oil supply station replenishes the oil supply chamber at normal pressure. When the plunger pump is a closed pump, the oil supply station replenishes the oil supply chamber at the set oil supply pressure of the closed pump.

[0019] In the present invention, in the process of the plunger pump sucking and pressing the hydraulic oil in the cavity formed by the integrated end cover and the cavitation cavity, the kinematic characteristics of the suction and pressure oil running inside the plunger pump are mirrored in the cavitation operation part, so that the cavitation formation characteristics of the cavitation operation part are consistent with the actual cavitation formation characteristics in the plunger pump, thereby realizing the true visualization of the cavitation formation of the suction and pressure oil of the plunger pump.

[0020] In the present invention, the data difference between the oil supply flow meter and the oil extraction flow meter can specifically quantify the degree of cavitation. The larger the difference between the two, the more serious the cavitation. Combined with the image change process and pressure data, the sub-cavitation, critical cavitation, local cavitation and supercavitation states of cavitation are numerically defined.

[0021] In the present invention, when a cylinder-like plunger cavity is provided on the cylinder-like disk, the distribution of cavitation in the cylinder-like plunger cavity can be observed and recorded, so as to facilitate subsequent observation and recording of the collapse law and guidance of the erosion area during the oil pressure process.

[0022] In the present invention, during the dynamic cavitation test, the control system controls the speed of the cavitation motor to be consistent with the speed of the pump motor. The control system can also control the cylinder disk and the distribution disk to be in a relatively fixed state through the cavitation motor, so as to test and record the continuous cavitation phenomenon in a certain steady state.

[0023] In the present invention, when the plunger pump pressurizes oil into the cavity formed by the integrated end cover and the cavitation cavity, the control system controls the electronically controlled overflow valve to adjust the oil outlet pressure of the pressurized oil, thereby obtaining the cavitation collapse process at different load pressures. Beneficial Effects

[0024] 1. The plunger pump cavitation test device and its test and heat dissipation method of the present invention solve the test problem of plunger pump cavitation. The entire test process is intuitive and visual, and can record the entire process of cavitation from the formation of oil suction cavitation to the collapse of oil pressure cavitation. It can also record the formation, distribution and critical conditions of cavitation in the valve plate and cylinder body under different operating parameters, as well as the collapse of cavitation during oil pressure and the resulting erosion guidance, so as to pre-judge the cavitation effect of the valve plate and cylinder body structure under different operating parameters; 2. The related structures of the distribution plate and the cylinder plate-like components of the present invention are consistent with those of the actual plunger pump, and the oil suction and oil pressure modes are generated by the operation of the actual plunger pump, which is to copy the real structure and kinematic characteristics of the actual plunger pump to the cavitation operation part, thereby keeping the cavitation process obtained from the cavitation operation part consistent with the cavitation process generated in the actual plunger pump, and at the same time solve the two major problems of being unable to be visualized due to the influence of the structure and materials of the actual plunger pump and being unable to restore the kinematic characteristics of the actual plunger pump by independent testing; 3. Through the present invention, the actual operation process of the plunger pump cavitation is analyzed and the evolution process is visualized and recorded, and combined with the numerical changes of the corresponding pressure and flow rate in the dynamic process, the sub-cavitation, critical cavitation, local cavitation and super-cavitation states of the plunger pump are numerically defined, and the design parameters of the port plate and the cylinder body are optimized and improved, so as to obtain the best characteristics and service life; 4. The structural flow channel design of the integrated end cover and the control shaft in the present invention utilizes the centrifugal effect generated by the high-speed rotation of the control shaft to self-wash the control shaft and related components such as bearings, thereby removing fine wear particles between components and the heat generated by high-speed operation, thereby ensuring the reliability of long-term high-speed transportation of related components. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of a testing device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cavitation operation part of a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the partial assembly of the cavitation end cover of a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the partial assembly of the cavitation shaft of a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an integrated end cover of a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the hydraulic power part of a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a cavitation axis according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Implementation

[0026] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below with reference to specific diagrams.

[0027] See also Figure 1 to Figure 6The plunger pump cavitation test device is mainly composed of a control system 1, an oil supply control part 2, a cavitation operation part 3, and a hydraulic power part 4, wherein the oil outlet of the oil supply control part 2 is respectively connected to the oil inlet chamber and the oil supply chamber of the cavitation operation part 3, the oil outlet of the oil supply control part 2 is also connected to the pump control oil port C of the hydraulic power part 4, the return oil chamber and the pressure oil chamber of the cavitation operation part 3 are respectively connected to the return oil port of the oil supply control part 2, the oil suction port of the cavitation operation part 3 is connected to the first pump oil port A of the hydraulic power part 4, the second pump oil port B and the pump return oil port D of the hydraulic power part 4 are respectively connected to the return oil port of the oil supply control part 2, and the control system 1 is respectively connected to the controlled elements, sensors and photographic devices of the oil supply control part 2, the cavitation operation part 3 and the hydraulic power part 4.

[0028] In this embodiment, the cavitation operation part 3 includes a cavitation motor 31, an integrated end cover 32, a heat dissipation oil inlet joint 33, a heat dissipation oil inlet pipe joint 34, an oil supply joint 35, an oil supply pipe joint 36, a high-speed camera 37, a cavitation cavity 38, an oil extraction joint 39, an oil extraction pipe joint 310, a pressure sensor 311, an anti-stirring cover 312, an oil pressure joint 313, an oil pressure pipe joint 314, a heat dissipation oil return joint 315, a heat dissipation oil return pipe joint 316, a cylinder plunger cavity 317, and a preload spring. 318, a tightening nut 319, a cylinder-like disc 329, a distribution disc 330, a control shaft 331, a spring washer 332, a first bearing 333, a bearing sleeve 334, and a second bearing 335, wherein the bearing sleeve 334 is fixedly disposed on the integrated end cover 32, the second bearing 335 is fixedly disposed in the bearing sleeve 334, the first bearing 333 is sleeved on the control shaft 331, and the first bearing 333 is disposed on the integrated end cover 32, and the control shaft 331 is rotatably disposed in the second bearing 335; The distribution plate 330 is sleeved on the bearing sleeve 334 and fits with the end surface of the integrated end cover 32. The cylinder-like plate 329 is fixedly arranged on the control shaft 331. A clamping nut 319 is arranged on the fastening threaded end of the control shaft 331. A spring washer 332 is arranged on one side of the inner ring of the first bearing 333, and the spring washer 332 is sleeved on the control shaft 331. The preload spring 318 is located between the clamping nut 319 and the spring washer 332 and is sleeved on the control shaft 331. The preload of the preload spring 318 is adjusted by rotating and adjusting the axial position of the clamping nut 319 on the control shaft 331, thereby controlling the fitting preload of the cylinder-like plate 329 and the distribution plate 330. The cavitation motor 31 is fixedly mounted on the integrated end cover 32. The power output shaft of the cavitation motor 31 is connected with the control shaft 331 for transmission. The anti-stirring cover 312 is mounted on the cylinder-like disk 329 and the distribution disk 330 and is fixedly mounted on the integrated end cover 32. The anti-stirring cover 312 is used to prevent the cylinder-like disk 329 from causing agitation due to rotation, thereby affecting the cavitation and photographic effect of the hydraulic oil. When it is necessary to observe the cavitation state in the cylinder, the cylinder-like disk 329 is provided with a cylinder-like plunger cavity 317, which is detachable for different tests. The heat dissipation oil inlet joint 33, the oil supply joint 35, the oil extraction joint 39, the oil pressure joint 313, and the heat dissipation oil return joint 315 are respectively arranged at the corresponding oil ports of the integrated end cover 32, the heat dissipation oil inlet joint 33 is connected to the oil pipe through the heat dissipation oil inlet pipe joint 34, the oil supply joint 35 is connected to the oil pipe through the oil supply pipe joint 36, the oil extraction joint 39 is connected to the oil pipe through the oil extraction pipe joint 310, the oil pressure joint 313 is connected to the oil pipe through the oil pressure pipe joint 314, and the heat dissipation oil return joint 315 is connected to the oil pipe through the heat dissipation oil return pipe joint 316; The integrated end cover 32 is fixedly connected to the cavitation cavity 38 to form a closed cavity, and the anti-stirring cover 312, the cylinder plunger cavity 317, the cylinder disk 329, and the distribution disk 330 are located in the cavity formed by the cavitation cavity 38 and the integrated end cover 32; A plurality of high-speed cameras 37 and pressure sensors 311 are respectively arranged on the integrated end cover 32 and the cavitation cavity 38 to monitor and record the changing process of cavitation.

[0029] In this embodiment, the integrated end cover 32 is coaxially provided with an end cover heat dissipation cavity 320, a first bearing cavity 342, an end cover heat dissipation channel 336 and a bearing sleeve cavity 343 in sequence from one end to the other end. A heat dissipation oil inlet cavity 321 is provided on one side of the end cover heat dissipation cavity 320 located on the integrated end cover 32, and a heat dissipation oil return cavity 322 is provided on the other side. The heat dissipation oil inlet cavity 321 and the heat dissipation oil return cavity 322 are respectively connected with the end cover heat dissipation cavity 320. The heat dissipation oil temperature port 341 provided on the integrated end cover 32 is connected with the heat dissipation oil return cavity 322. The integrated end cover 32 is also provided with an oil supply cavity 323 and an oil pressure cavity 324. The oil supply cavity 323 and the heat dissipation oil inlet cavity 321 are located on the same side and their respective oil inlet ports are located on the same end face of the integrated end cover 32. The oil pressure cavity 324 and the heat dissipation oil return cavity 322 are located on the same side and their respective oil outlet ports are located at On the same end surface of the integrated end cover 32, the oil outlet port of the oil supply chamber 323 and the oil inlet port of the oil pressure chamber 324 are located on the same end surface of the integrated end cover 32, the oil outlet port of the oil supply chamber 323 is located on one side of the bearing sleeve chamber 343, and the oil inlet port of the oil pressure chamber 324 is located on the other side of the bearing sleeve chamber 343, the oil supply pressure port 325 and the oil supply photography port 327 provided on the integrated end cover 32 are respectively connected with the oil supply chamber 323, the oil pressure port 326 and the oil pressure photography port 328 provided on the integrated end cover 32 are respectively connected with the oil pressure chamber 324, a screw hole is provided on the integrated end cover 32 at the end where the end cover heat dissipation inner cavity 320 is located, a pin hole is provided on the integrated end cover 32 at the end where the bearing sleeve chamber 343 is located, the diameter of the end cover heat dissipation channel 336 is smaller than the diameter of the first bearing chamber 342, and the diameter of the end cover heat dissipation channel 336 is smaller than the diameter of the bearing sleeve chamber 343.

[0030] In this embodiment, a transmission inner hole 348, an axial oil passage 339, and a radial oil passage 338 are sequentially arranged inside the control shaft 331 from one end to the other end. A transmission keyway 347 and a spindle heat dissipation channel 340 are also arranged in the transmission inner hole 348. One end of the axial oil passage 339 is connected with the transmission inner hole 348, and the other end is connected with the radial oil passage 338. A fastening thread 344, a first bearing outer circle 345, a second bearing outer circle 346, and a tightening boss 349 are sequentially arranged outside the control shaft 331 from one end to the other end. The diameter of the first bearing outer circle 345 is larger than the diameter of the end cover heat dissipation channel 336.

[0031] In this embodiment, a second bearing heat dissipation channel 337 is disposed on the second bearing 335 .

[0032] In this embodiment, the bearing sleeve 334 is fixedly disposed in the bearing sleeve cavity 343, the first bearing 333 is sleeved on the first bearing outer circle 345, the first bearing 333 is disposed in the first bearing cavity 342, and the second bearing outer circle 346 of the control shaft 331 is rotatably disposed in the second bearing 335.

[0033] In this embodiment, the distribution plate 330 is fitted with the end surface of the bearing sleeve cavity 343 of the integrated end cover 32, and the pin shaft arranged in the pin hole of the integrated end cover 32 is simultaneously matched with the pin hole on the distribution plate 330, thereby completing the limitation of the distribution plate 330 relative to the integrated end cover 32.

[0034] In this embodiment, the control shaft 331 limits the axial position of the cylinder-like disk 329 relative to the control shaft 331 through the tensioning boss 349 .

[0035] In this embodiment, the heat dissipation oil inlet connector 33 is arranged at the oil inlet port of the heat dissipation oil inlet chamber 321, the heat dissipation oil return connector 315 is arranged at the oil outlet port of the heat dissipation oil return chamber 322, the oil supply connector 35 is arranged at the oil inlet port of the oil supply chamber 323, the oil pressure connector 313 is arranged at the oil outlet port of the oil pressure chamber 324, and the oil extraction connector 39 is arranged at the oil extraction port of the cavitation chamber 38.

[0036] In this embodiment, the cavitation cavity 38 is located at the high-speed camera 37 and is provided with pressure-bearing tempered glass.

[0037] In this embodiment, the heat dissipation oil temperature port 341 is provided with a temperature sensor, the oil supply photography port 327 and the oil pressure photography port 328 are respectively provided with a high-speed camera 37, and the oil supply pressure port 325 and the oil pressure port 326 are respectively provided with a pressure sensor 311.

[0038] In this embodiment, the oil supply control part 2 includes an oil supply pump station 21, an electric control flow valve 22, an oil supply flow meter 23, an oil supply check valve 24, an oil pumping flow meter 25, an electric control overflow valve 26, an oil pressure check valve 27, and an oil pressure flow meter 28. The hydraulic power part 4 includes a plunger pump 41, a pump motor 42, a pump electric control valve 411, a pump first oil port A, a pump second oil port B, a pump control oil port C, and a pump return oil port D. Among them, the oil supply pump station 21 can be controlled as needed. The corresponding oil volume and pressure are output under the control of the control system 1. The oil supply pump station 21 supplies oil to the heat dissipation oil inlet chamber 321, the oil supply chamber 323 and the pump control oil port C respectively. The front end oil inlet pipeline of the heat dissipation oil inlet chamber 321 is provided with an electric control flow valve 22. The front end oil inlet pipeline of the oil supply chamber 323 is provided with an oil supply flow meter 23 and an oil supply check valve 24 in sequence. The pressure oil of the oil supply pump station 21 is delivered to the oil supply chamber 323 after passing through the oil supply check valve 24 and the oil supply flow meter 23. The hydraulic oil output from the heat dissipation oil return chamber 322 is directly returned to the oil tank of the oil supply pump station 21; The hydraulic oil output from the oil pressure chamber 324 is returned to the second oil port B of the pump via the oil pressure flow meter 28, the oil pressure check valve 27, and the electronically controlled relief valve 26 in sequence; An oil pumping flow meter 25 is provided on the pipeline from the oil port of the cavitation cavity 38 to the first oil port A of the pump; The pump second oil port B and the pump oil return port D are connected to the oil tank of the oil supply pump station 21 respectively.

[0039] In this embodiment, the control system 1 controls the pump motor 42 to drive the plunger pump 41 at different speeds. The control system 1 controls the pump electronic control valve 411 and enables the plunger pump 41 to obtain different displacements under the action of the pressure oil from the pump control oil port C. The combination of the displacement and the speed of the plunger pump 41 forms a flow rate.

[0040] See also Figure 1 to Figure 6 The plunger pump cavitation test method includes a control system 1, an oil supply control part 2, a cavitation operation part 3, and a hydraulic power part 4, wherein the oil supply control part 2 supplies oil to the cavitation operation part 3 and the hydraulic power part 4 respectively, and the return oil of the cavitation operation part 3 and the hydraulic power part 4 is transported to the oil supply control part 2, and the flow distribution structure of the cavitation operation part 3 is consistent with the flow distribution structure of the hydraulic power part 4. The control system 1 controls the cavitation operation part 3 to operate in the same manner as the hydraulic power part 4, and the hydraulic power part 4 sucks and pressurizes the cavitation operation part 3 to form cavitation in the cavitation operation part 3, and the cavitation operation part 3 and the oil supply control part 2 feed back the cavitation image, pressure and flow change data to the control system 1 for recording and analysis.

[0041] In this embodiment, the control system 1 controls the rotation of the cavitation motor 31 and the pump motor 42 respectively. The cavitation motor 31 drives the cylinder disk 329 to rotate through the control shaft 331, and the pump motor 42 drives the plunger pump 41 to rotate. The control system 1 controls the pump electric control valve 411 and causes the plunger pump 41 to suck and pressurize oil under the action of the pressure oil from the pump control oil port C. The control system 1 further controls the oil supply pump station 21 to supply oil to the oil supply cavity 323. The hydraulic oil entering the oil supply cavity 323 through the oil supply check valve 24 and the oil supply flowmeter 23 enters the cavity formed by the integrated end cover 32 and the cavitation cavity 38 through the distribution plate 330 and the cylinder disk 329. The plunger pump 41 absorbs the hydraulic oil in the cavity, so that the hydraulic oil entering the cavity enters the plunger pump 41 through the oil extraction flowmeter 25 and then outputs the return oil. In this process, the oil suction forms a negative pressure and then forms a cavity. When the cavity is formed or after the cavity develops and stabilizes, the control system 1 controls the pump electric control valve 411 to change the suction and pressure oil direction of the plunger pump 41. The plunger pump 41 changes from the state of sucking oil from the cavity formed by the integrated end cover 32 and the cavitation cavity 38 to the state of pressing oil into the cavity. The hydraulic oil forming the cavity is pressed into the pressure oil cavity 324 through the cylinder plate 329 and the distribution plate 330 and then output through the pressure oil flow meter 28, the pressure oil check valve 27, and the electronically controlled overflow valve 26. The pressure oil pressure in this process causes the cavity in the hydraulic oil to collapse. During the cavitation operation, the high-speed camera 37 and the pressure sensor 311 feed back the cavitation data to the control system 1 in real time for recording, and the control system 1 analyzes the cavitation degree and the cavitation effect under different operating conditions based on the data feedback from the oil supply flowmeter 23, the oil extraction flowmeter 25, and the oil pressure flowmeter 28 and in combination with the images and pressure changes.

[0042] In this embodiment, when the plunger pump 41 sucks oil from the cavity formed by the integrated end cover 32 and the cavitation cavity 38, the oil pressure chamber 324 side is in a closed state under the action of the oil pressure check valve 27, and the oil supply check valve 24 is in an open state; when the plunger pump 41 pressurizes oil into the cavity formed by the integrated end cover 32 and the cavitation cavity 38, the oil supply chamber 323 side is in a closed state under the action of the oil supply check valve 24, and the oil pressure check valve 27 is in an open state.

[0043] In this embodiment, the distribution plate 330 has the same structure as the distribution plate of the plunger pump 41 , and the fitting surface structure between the cylinder plate 329 and the distribution plate 330 is consistent with the fitting surface structure between the cylinder body and the distribution plate of the plunger pump 41 .

[0044] In this embodiment, when the plunger pump 41 is an open pump, the oil supply pump station 21 replenishes the oil supply chamber 323 at normal pressure. When the plunger pump 41 is a closed pump, the oil supply pump station 21 replenishes the oil supply chamber 323 at the set oil replenishment pressure of the closed pump.

[0045] In this embodiment, during the process of the plunger pump 41 sucking and compressing the hydraulic oil in the cavity formed by the integrated end cover 32 and the cavitation cavity 38, the kinematic characteristics of the suction and pressure oil running inside the plunger pump 41 are mirrored in the cavitation operation part 3, so that the cavitation formation characteristics of the cavitation operation part 3 are consistent with the actual cavitation formation characteristics in the plunger pump 41, thereby realizing the true visualization of the cavitation formation of the suction and pressure oil of the plunger pump 41.

[0046] In this embodiment, the data difference between the oil supply flow meter 23 and the oil extraction flow meter 25 can specifically quantify the degree of cavitation. The larger the difference between the two, the more serious the cavitation. Combined with the image change process and pressure data, the sub-cavitation, critical cavitation, local cavitation and supercavitation states of cavitation are numerically defined.

[0047] In this embodiment, when a cylinder-like plunger cavity 317 is provided on the cylinder-like disk 329, the distribution of cavitation in the cylinder-like plunger cavity 317 can be observed and recorded, so as to facilitate subsequent observation and recording of the collapse law and guidance of the erosion area during the oil pressure process.

[0048] In this embodiment, during the dynamic cavitation test, the control system 1 controls the rotation speed of the cavitation motor 31 to be consistent with the rotation speed of the pump motor 42. The control system 1 can also control the cylinder disk 329 and the distribution disk 330 to be in a relatively fixed state through the cavitation motor 31, so as to test and record the continuous cavitation phenomenon in a certain steady state.

[0049] In this embodiment, when the plunger pump 41 pressurizes oil into the cavity formed by the integrated end cover 32 and the cavitation cavity 38, the control system 1 controls the electronically controlled overflow valve 26 to adjust the oil outlet pressure of the pressurized oil, thereby obtaining the cavitation collapse process under different load pressures.

[0050] See also Figure 1 to Figure 6 The heat dissipation method of the plunger pump cavitation test is that the control system 1 controls the cavitation motor 31 to drive the control shaft 331 to rotate to generate heat. The control system 1 adjusts the flow of the electronically controlled flow valve 22 according to the feedback of the temperature sensor of the heat dissipation oil temperature port 341, so that the hydraulic oil flows from the heat dissipation oil inlet chamber 321 into the heat dissipation inner chamber 320 of the end cover and then flows out through the heat dissipation oil return chamber 322 to return the oil, thereby adjusting the temperature of the running parts; the radial oil passage 338 on the rotating control shaft 331 forms the effect of centrifugal suction and pressure oil, and the heat dissipation inner chamber of the end cover is filled with the oil. The hydraulic oil in 320 is sucked into the cavity formed by the cylinder disk 329, the distribution disk 330, the control shaft 331, the bearing sleeve 334, and the second bearing 335 through the main shaft heat dissipation channel 340, the axial oil channel 339, and the radial oil channel 338, and then output from the second bearing heat dissipation channel 337 and the end cover heat dissipation channel 336 and circulates through the first bearing 333 back to the end cover heat dissipation cavity 320. The oil in the end cover heat dissipation cavity 320 is in a dynamic flow state, so the heat is taken away by the circulating hydraulic oil.

[0051] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The plunger pump cavitation test device includes a control system, an oil supply control part, a cavitation operation part, and a hydraulic power part, and is characterized in that: The oil outlet of the oil supply control part is respectively connected to the oil inlet chamber and the oil supply chamber of the cavitation operation part, the oil outlet of the oil supply control part is also connected to the pump control oil port of the hydraulic power part, the return oil chamber and the pressure oil chamber of the cavitation operation part are respectively connected to the return oil port of the oil supply control part, the oil suction port of the cavitation operation part is connected to the first oil port of the pump of the hydraulic power part, the second oil port of the pump and the pump return oil port of the hydraulic power part are respectively connected to the return oil port of the oil supply control part, and the control system is respectively connected to the controlled elements, sensors and photographic devices of the oil supply control part, the cavitation operation part and the hydraulic power part.

2. The plunger pump cavitation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cavitation operation part includes a cavitation motor, an integrated end cover, a heat dissipation oil inlet joint, a heat dissipation oil inlet pipe joint, an oil supply joint, an oil supply pipe joint, a high-speed camera, a cavitation cavity, an oil extraction joint, an oil extraction pipe joint, a pressure sensor, an anti-stirring cover, an oil pressure joint, an oil pressure pipe joint, a heat dissipation oil return joint, a heat dissipation oil return pipe joint, a cylinder plunger cavity, a preload spring, a tightening nut, a cylinder disk, a distribution disk, a control shaft, a spring washer, a first bearing, a bearing sleeve, and a second bearing, characterized in that the bearing sleeve is fixedly arranged on the integrated end cover, the second bearing is fixedly arranged in the bearing sleeve, the first bearing sleeve is arranged on the control shaft, and the first bearing is arranged on the integrated end cover, and the control shaft is rotatably arranged in the second bearing; The distribution plate is sleeved on the bearing sleeve and fits with the end surface of the integrated end cover, the cylinder-like plate is fixedly arranged on the control shaft, a clamping nut is arranged on the fastening threaded end of the control shaft, a spring washer is arranged on one side of the inner ring of the first bearing, and the spring washer is sleeved on the control shaft, the preload spring is located between the clamping nut and the spring washer and sleeved on the control shaft, and the preload of the preload spring is adjusted by rotating and adjusting the axial position of the clamping nut on the control shaft, thereby controlling the fitting preload of the cylinder-like plate and the distribution plate; The cavitation motor is fixedly mounted on the integrated end cover, the power output shaft of the cavitation motor is connected with the control shaft for transmission, the anti-stirring cover is covered on the cylinder-like disk and the distribution disk, and is fixedly mounted on the integrated end cover. When the cavitation state in the cylinder needs to be observed, a cylinder-like plunger cavity is arranged on the cylinder-like disk, and the cylinder-like plunger cavity is detachable for different tests; The heat dissipation oil inlet joint, the oil supply joint, the oil extraction joint, the oil pressure joint, and the heat dissipation oil return joint are respectively arranged at the corresponding oil ports of the integrated end cover. The heat dissipation oil inlet joint is connected to the oil pipe through the heat dissipation oil inlet pipe joint, the oil supply joint is connected to the oil pipe through the oil supply pipe joint, the oil extraction joint is connected to the oil pipe through the oil extraction pipe joint, the oil pressure joint is connected to the oil pipe through the oil pressure pipe joint, and the heat dissipation oil return joint is connected to the oil pipe through the heat dissipation oil return pipe joint; The integrated end cover is fixedly connected to the cavitation cavity to form a closed cavity, and the anti-stirring cover, the cylinder plunger cavity, the cylinder disk, and the distribution disk are located in the cavity formed by the cavitation cavity and the integrated end cover; A plurality of high-speed cameras and pressure sensors are respectively arranged on the integrated end cover and the cavitation cavity to monitor and record the changing process of cavitation.

3. The plunger pump cavitation test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The integrated end cover is coaxially provided with an end cover heat dissipation cavity, a first bearing cavity, an end cover heat dissipation channel and a bearing sleeve cavity from one end to the other end. A heat dissipation oil inlet cavity is provided on one side of the end cover heat dissipation cavity on the integrated end cover, and a heat dissipation oil return cavity is provided on the other side. The heat dissipation oil inlet cavity and the heat dissipation oil return cavity are respectively connected with the end cover heat dissipation cavity. The heat dissipation oil temperature port provided on the integrated end cover is connected with the heat dissipation oil return cavity. The integrated end cover is also provided with an oil supply cavity and an oil pressure cavity. The oil supply cavity and the heat dissipation oil inlet cavity are located on the same side and their respective oil inlet ports are located on the same end face of the integrated end cover. The oil pressure cavity and the heat dissipation oil return cavity are located on the same side and their respective oil outlet ports are located at On the same end face of the integrated end cover, the oil outlet port of the oil supply chamber and the oil inlet port of the oil pressure chamber are located on the same end face of the integrated end cover, the oil outlet port of the oil supply chamber is located on one side of the bearing sleeve cavity, and the oil inlet port of the oil pressure chamber is located on the other side of the bearing sleeve cavity, the oil supply pressure port and the oil supply photography port arranged on the integrated end cover are respectively connected with the oil supply chamber, the oil pressure port and the oil pressure photography port arranged on the integrated end cover are respectively connected with the oil pressure chamber, a screw hole is arranged on the integrated end cover at the end where the end cover heat dissipation inner cavity is located, a pin hole is arranged on the integrated end cover at the end where the bearing sleeve cavity is located, the diameter of the end cover heat dissipation channel is smaller than the diameter of the first bearing cavity, and the diameter of the end cover heat dissipation channel is smaller than the diameter of the bearing sleeve cavity.

4. The plunger pump cavitation test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control shaft is provided with a transmission inner hole, an axial oil channel, and a radial oil channel in sequence from one end to the other end. A transmission keyway and a spindle heat dissipation channel are also provided in the transmission inner hole part. One end of the axial oil channel is connected with the transmission inner hole, and the other end is connected with the radial oil channel. The control shaft is provided with a fastening thread, a first bearing outer circle, a second bearing outer circle, and a tightening boss in sequence from one end to the other end. The diameter of the first bearing outer circle is larger than the diameter of the end cover heat dissipation channel.

5. The plunger pump cavitation test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second bearing is provided with a second bearing heat dissipation channel, the bearing sleeve is fixedly arranged in the bearing sleeve cavity, the first bearing sleeve is arranged on the outer circle of the first bearing, the first bearing is arranged in the first bearing cavity, and the outer circle of the second bearing of the control shaft is rotatably arranged in the second bearing; The distribution plate is fitted with the end surface of the bearing sleeve cavity of the integrated end cover, and the pin shaft arranged in the pin hole of the integrated end cover cooperates with the pin hole on the distribution plate at the same time, thereby completing the position limitation of the distribution plate relative to the integrated end cover; the control shaft limits the axial position of the cylinder body plate relative to the control shaft through the tightening boss; The heat dissipation oil inlet joint is arranged at the oil inlet port of the heat dissipation oil inlet chamber, the heat dissipation oil return joint is arranged at the oil outlet port of the heat dissipation oil return chamber, the oil supply joint is arranged at the oil inlet port of the oil supply chamber, the pressure oil joint is arranged at the oil outlet port of the pressure oil chamber, and the oil extraction joint is arranged at the oil extraction port of the cavitation cavity.

6. The plunger pump cavitation test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cavitation cavity is provided with pressure-bearing tempered glass at the high-speed camera, the heat dissipation oil temperature port is provided with a temperature sensor, the oil supply photography port and the oil pressure photography port are respectively provided with high-speed cameras, and the oil supply pressure port and the oil pressure port are respectively provided with pressure sensors.

7. The plunger pump cavitation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil supply control part includes an oil supply pump station, an electronically controlled flow valve, an oil supply flow meter, an oil supply check valve, an oil extraction flow meter, an electronically controlled overflow valve, an oil pressure check valve, and an oil pressure flow meter. The hydraulic power part includes a plunger pump, a pump motor, a pump electronically controlled valve, a first pump oil port, a second pump oil port, a pump control oil port, and a pump return oil port. The oil supply pump station can output the corresponding oil volume and pressure under the control of the control system as needed. The oil supply pump station supplies oil to the heat dissipation oil inlet cavity, the oil supply cavity, and the pump control oil port respectively. The front end oil inlet pipeline of the heat dissipation oil inlet cavity is provided with An electrically controlled flow valve, an oil supply flow meter and an oil supply check valve are arranged on the front oil inlet pipeline of the oil supply chamber in sequence. The pressure oil of the oil supply pump station is transported to the oil supply chamber after passing through the oil supply check valve and the oil supply flow meter. The hydraulic oil output from the heat dissipation return oil chamber is directly returned to the oil tank of the oil supply pump station. The hydraulic oil output from the pressure oil chamber is returned to the second oil port of the pump through the pressure oil flow meter, the pressure oil check valve and the electrically controlled overflow valve in sequence. An oil extraction flow meter is arranged on the pipeline from the oil port of the cavitation chamber to the first oil port of the pump. The second oil port of the pump and the oil return port of the pump are respectively connected to the oil tank of the oil supply pump station.

8. The plunger pump cavitation testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system controls the pump motor to drive the plunger pump at different speeds. The control system controls the pump electronic control valve and enables the plunger pump to obtain different displacements under the action of the pressure oil from the pump control oil port. The combination of the displacement and the speed of the plunger pump forms a flow rate.

9. A plunger pump cavitation test method, characterized in that: The oil supply control part supplies oil to the cavitation operation part and the hydraulic power part respectively. The return oil of the cavitation operation part and the hydraulic power part is transported to the oil supply control part. The flow distribution structure of the cavitation operation part is consistent with the flow distribution structure of the hydraulic power part. The control system controls the operation of the cavitation operation part and the hydraulic power part in the same way. The hydraulic power part absorbs and compresses oil from the cavitation operation part to form cavitation in the cavitation operation part. The cavitation operation part and the oil supply control part feed back the cavitation image, pressure and flow change data to the control system for record and analysis.

10. The plunger pump cavitation testing method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The control system controls the rotation of the cavitation motor and the pump motor respectively. The cavitation motor drives the cylinder disk to rotate through the control shaft, and the pump motor drives the plunger pump to rotate. The control system controls the pump electronic control valve and causes the plunger pump to suck and pressurize oil under the action of the pressure oil from the pump control oil port. The control system further controls the oil supply pump station to supply oil to the oil supply cavity. The hydraulic oil entering the oil supply cavity through the oil supply check valve and the oil supply flow meter enters the cavity formed by the integrated end cover and the cavitation cavity through the distribution plate and the cylinder disk. The plunger pump absorbs the hydraulic oil in the cavity, so that the hydraulic oil entering the cavity enters the plunger pump through the oil extraction flow meter and then outputs the return oil. In this process, the oil suction forms a negative pressure and then forms a cavity. When the cavitation is formed or after the cavitation develops and stabilizes, the control system controls the pump electronic control valve to change the direction of the plunger pump's oil suction and pressure. The plunger pump changes from the state of sucking oil from the cavity formed by the integrated end cover and the cavitation cavity to the state of pressing oil into the cavity. The hydraulic oil that forms the cavitation is pressed into the oil pressure cavity through the cylinder plate and the distribution plate and then output through the oil pressure flow meter, the oil pressure check valve, and the electronically controlled overflow valve. The oil pressure in this process causes the cavitation in the hydraulic oil to collapse. During the cavitation operation, high-speed cameras and pressure sensors feed back cavitation data to the control system in real time for recording. The control system analyzes the cavitation degree and cavitation effect under different operating conditions based on the data feedback from the oil supply flowmeter, oil extraction flowmeter, and oil pressure flowmeter, combined with images and pressure changes.

11. The plunger pump cavitation testing method according to claim 10, characterized in that: When the plunger pump sucks oil from the cavity formed by the integrated end cover and the cavitation cavity, the oil pressure cavity side is in a closed state under the action of the oil pressure check valve, and the oil supply check valve is in an open state; when the plunger pump presses oil into the cavity formed by the integrated end cover and the cavitation cavity, the oil supply cavity side is in a closed state under the action of the oil supply check valve, and the oil pressure check valve is in an open state.

12. The plunger pump cavitation testing method according to claim 10, characterized in that: The structure of the distribution plate is consistent with that of the distribution plate of the plunger pump, and the fitting surface structure of the cylinder plate and the distribution plate is consistent with the fitting surface structure of the cylinder and the distribution plate of the plunger pump; when the plunger pump is an open pump, the oil supply pump station replenishes the oil to the oil supply chamber at normal pressure, and when the plunger pump is a closed pump, the oil supply pump station replenishes the oil to the oil supply chamber at the set oil replenishment pressure of the closed pump.

13. The plunger pump cavitation testing method according to claim 10, characterized in that: During the dynamic cavitation test, the control system controls the speed of the cavitation motor to be consistent with the speed of the pump motor. The control system can also control the cylinder-like disk and the distribution disk to be in a certain relatively fixed state through the cavitation motor, so as to test and record the continuous cavitation phenomenon in a certain steady state; when a cylinder-like plunger cavity is set on the cylinder-like disk, the distribution of cavitation in the cylinder-like plunger cavity can be observed and recorded, so as to facilitate subsequent observation and recording of the collapse law during the oil pressure process and the guidance of the erosion area.

14. The plunger pump cavitation testing method according to claim 10, characterized in that: In the process of the plunger pump sucking and pressing the hydraulic oil in the cavity formed by the integrated end cover and the cavitation cavity, the kinematic characteristics of the suction and pressure oil running inside the plunger pump are mirrored in the cavitation running part, so that the cavitation formation characteristics of the cavitation running part are consistent with the actual cavitation formation characteristics in the plunger pump; When the plunger pump presses oil into the cavity formed by the integrated end cover and the cavitation cavity, the control system controls the electronically controlled relief valve to adjust the outlet pressure of the pressurized oil, thereby obtaining the cavitation collapse process under different load pressures; The data difference between the oil supply flow meter and the oil extraction flow meter can quantify the degree of cavitation. Combined with the image change process and pressure data, the subcavitation, critical cavitation, local cavitation and supercavitation states of cavitation can be numerically defined.

15. A heat dissipation method for a plunger pump cavitation test, characterized in that: The control system adjusts the flow rate of the electronically controlled flow valve according to the feedback from the temperature sensor of the heat dissipation oil temperature port, so that the hydraulic oil flows from the heat dissipation oil inlet chamber into the heat dissipation inner cavity of the end cover, and then flows out through the heat dissipation oil return chamber to return the oil, thereby adjusting the temperature of the running parts; the radial oil channel on the rotating control shaft forms a centrifugal suction and pressure oil effect, and the hydraulic oil in the heat dissipation inner cavity of the end cover is sucked into the cavity formed by the cylinder disk, the distribution disk, the control shaft, the bearing sleeve, and the second bearing through the main shaft heat dissipation channel, the axial oil channel, and the radial oil channel, and then outputted from the second bearing heat dissipation channel and the end cover heat dissipation channel and circulated through the first bearing back to the heat dissipation inner cavity of the end cover, while the oil in the heat dissipation inner cavity of the end cover is in a dynamic flow state, so that the heat is taken away by the circulating hydraulic oil.

Images