Ecological restoration engineering optimization method, device, equipment and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological restoration engineering optimization method, device, equipment and medium, and relates to the field of ecological restoration, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the topographic data, vegetation coverage, soil data, hydrothermal data and forest stand factors of a target area, and determining the type of a site and the growth state of a forest; determining a forest measure benefit value according to the vegetation coverage, the soil data and the forest stand factor; determining a treatment demand intensity value according to the topographic data, the vegetation coverage, the soil data and the hydrothermal data; determining a site condition suitability score according to the site type and the forest tree growth state; determining a function suitability score according to the forest measure benefit value; determining a governance demand suitability score according to the governance demand intensity value; and determining a comprehensive suitability score according to the site condition suitability score, the function suitability score and the treatment demand suitability score, and adjusting the ecological restoration project of the target area based on the comprehensive suitability score. The forest and grass measure survival rate and functional benefits are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of ecological restoration, and in particular to an ecological restoration project optimization method, device, equipment and medium. Background Art

[0002] At present, the suitability evaluation of forest and grassland measures is mainly based on empirical evaluation, relying on afforestation designers to make overall arrangements according to the principle of suitable trees for suitable places, and the previous suitability evaluation methods can only optimize single conditions such as rainfall, terrain or soil. The traditional suitability evaluation method is no longer suitable for actual forest and grassland projects with multiple functions and multiple uses. If only single factors are emphasized, even if the trees can survive, they cannot grow into forests due to slow growth and cannot effectively play their full functions. For example, local economic development is mainly based on animal husbandry, and the configured forest species cannot guarantee animal husbandry production, which conflicts with the interests of farmers and herdsmen, leading to resistance from farmers and herdsmen, and the project cannot be effectively implemented. The above methods require designers to have many years of practical experience, and once the researchers are inexperienced or restricted by actual conditions, it is very easy to lead to the failure of forest and grass project configuration. With the development of ground instruments and equipment and the improvement of model simulation accuracy, some experts and scholars have conducted research to calculate the optimal coverage or planting density of forest and grass plants. Although the above research can quantitatively describe the suitability of forest and grass measure configuration, there is still no systematic suitability evaluation method that considers site conditions, comprehensive benefits and governance needs, which is not conducive to designers to carry out their work. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide an ecological restoration project optimization method, device, equipment and medium, which can improve the effect of ecological restoration and enhance the survival rate and functional benefits of forest and grass measures.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solutions: In a first aspect, the present application provides an ecological restoration project optimization method, comprising: Acquire terrain data, vegetation coverage, soil data, and water and heat data of a target area, and determine the site type of the target area based on the terrain data; Acquire a forest stand factor of a target area, and determine a tree growth state of the target area according to the forest stand factor; Determining the benefit value of the forestry measures in the target area according to the vegetation coverage, the soil data and the forest stand factor; Determine the governance demand intensity value of the target area according to the terrain data, the vegetation coverage, the soil data, the water and heat data and the forest stand factor; Determine the site suitability score of the target area according to the site type and tree growth status of the target area; Determine the functional suitability score of the target area according to the forestry measures benefit value of the target area; Determining a governance demand suitability score for the target area according to the governance demand intensity value for the target area; The comprehensive suitability score of the target area is determined according to the site condition suitability score, the functional suitability score and the governance demand suitability score, and the ecological restoration project of the target area is adjusted based on the comprehensive suitability score.

[0005] In a second aspect, the present application provides an ecological restoration engineering optimization device, comprising: A terrain information acquisition module, used to acquire terrain data, vegetation coverage, soil data and water and heat data of a target area, and determine the site type of the target area based on the terrain data; A forest information acquisition module, used to acquire the forest stand factor of the target area, and determine the growth status of the forest in the target area according to the forest stand factor; A forest measure benefit determination module, connected to the terrain information acquisition module and the forest information acquisition module respectively, for determining the forest measure benefit value of the target area according to the vegetation coverage, the soil data and the forest stand factor; A governance demand determination module, connected to the terrain information acquisition module and the forest information acquisition module respectively, for determining the governance demand intensity value of the target area according to the terrain data, the vegetation coverage, the soil data, the water and heat data and the forest stand factor; A site suitability scoring module, connected to the terrain information acquisition module and the forest information acquisition module, respectively, for determining the site suitability score of the target area according to the site type and forest growth status of the target area; A functional suitability scoring module, connected to the forest measure benefit determination module, is used to determine the functional suitability score of the target area according to the forest measure benefit value of the target area; A governance demand suitability scoring module, connected to the governance demand determination module, is used to determine the governance demand suitability score of the target area according to the governance demand intensity value of the target area; The optimization module is respectively connected to the site condition suitability scoring module, the functional suitability scoring module and the governance demand suitability scoring module, and is used to determine the comprehensive suitability score of the target area according to the site condition suitability score, the functional suitability score and the governance demand suitability score, and adjust the ecological restoration project of the target area based on the comprehensive suitability score.

[0006] In a third aspect, the present application provides a computer device, comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the above-mentioned ecological restoration engineering optimization method.

[0007] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned ecological restoration engineering optimization method.

[0008] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application discloses the following technical effects: The present application provides an ecological restoration project optimization method, device, equipment and medium, which conducts suitability evaluation through three levels of site condition suitability, functional suitability and governance demand suitability. It can make up for the problem of forest survival but not forestation caused by single suitability, and is more suitable for the multi-objective needs of farmers and herdsmen for ecological restoration projects. It can effectively supplement the errors caused by insufficient experience and theory of designers, and can quickly determine the layout of new forestry and grass projects. It can also be used as a planning and design method for the transformation and improvement of existing inefficient artificial forests, which helps to adjust the layout of forestry and grass projects in a timely manner, thereby improving the survival rate and functional benefits of forestry and grass measures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0010] Figure 1 This is an application environment diagram of an ecological restoration engineering optimization method in one embodiment of the present application.

[0011] Figure 2 A schematic flow chart of an ecological restoration engineering optimization method provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0012] Figure 3 An overall architecture diagram of an ecological restoration engineering optimization method provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0013] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the functional modules of an ecological restoration engineering optimization device provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0014] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0016] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0017] The ecological restoration engineering optimization method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to Figure 1 In the application environment shown. Among them, the terminal 102 communicates with the server 104 through the network. The data storage system can store the data that the server 104 needs to process. The data storage system can be set up separately, integrated on the server 104, or placed on the cloud or other servers. The terminal 102 can send the terrain data, vegetation coverage, soil data, water and heat data and forest stand factors of the target area to the server 104. After the server 104 receives the terrain data, vegetation coverage, soil data, water and heat data and forest stand factors of the target area, it calculates the comprehensive suitability score of the target area and adjusts the ecological restoration project of the target area based on the comprehensive suitability score. The server 104 can feedback the obtained comprehensive suitability score and the adjusted ecological restoration project to the terminal 102. In addition, in some embodiments, the ecological restoration project optimization method can also be implemented by the server 104 or the terminal 102 alone.

[0018] The terminal 102 may be, but is not limited to, various desktop computers, laptop computers, smart phones, tablet computers, IoT devices, and portable wearable devices. The IoT devices may be smart speakers, smart TVs, smart air conditioners, smart vehicle-mounted devices, etc. The portable wearable devices may be smart watches, smart bracelets, head-mounted devices, etc. The server 104 may be implemented as an independent server or a server cluster consisting of multiple servers, or may be a cloud server.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, an ecological restoration project optimization method is provided. The method is executed by a computer device, and can be executed by a computer device such as a terminal or a server alone, or by a terminal and a server together. In the embodiment of the present application, the method is applied to Figure 1 The server 104 in the example is used for explanation, and the steps include the following steps 201 to 208.

[0020] Step 201, obtaining terrain data, vegetation coverage, soil data and hydrothermal data of a target area, and determining the site type of the target area based on the terrain data.

[0021] Further obtain the land use type. Land use types are divided into forest land, grassland, construction land, etc., and the target area is determined according to the land use type. The land use type is determined based on satellite remote sensing images through unsupervised classification and visual interpretation methods. Specifically, the target area can be determined by dividing the colors of different areas of satellite remote sensing images.

[0022] In a specific example, the vegetation coverage is obtained based on a preset normalized difference vegetation index formula: VFC=(NDVI-NDVI min ) / (NDVI max -NDVI min ), where VFC is the vegetation coverage, NDVI is the normalized difference vegetation index, and NDVI is the min is the minimum normalized difference vegetation index value, NDVI max is the maximum normalized vegetation index value; NDVI, NDVI min and NDVI max It can be obtained through known information or field investigation in the target area.

[0023] The present application pre-sets a first coverage threshold range VFC1 (0%-10%), a second coverage threshold range VFC2 (10%~35%), a third coverage threshold range VFC3 (35%~40%), a fourth coverage threshold range VFC4 (45%~60%) and a fifth coverage threshold range VFC5 (60%-100%).

[0024] When VFC∈VFC1, the vegetation cover type of the target area is defined as bare land.

[0025] When VFC∈VFC2, the vegetation cover type of the target area is defined as low coverage area.

[0026] When VFC∈VFC3, the vegetation cover type of the target area is defined as medium-low coverage.

[0027] When VFC∈VFC4, the vegetation cover type of the target area is defined as medium coverage.

[0028] When VFC∈VFC5, the vegetation cover type of the target area is defined as high coverage area.

[0029] Soil data include soil water content, soil bulk density, soil mechanical composition, particle size classification, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH value, etc. Specifically, soil profiles were excavated in the sample plots of the target area, and soil was taken in layers according to 0cm~20cm, 20cm~40cm, and 40cm~60cm, and brought back to the room for air drying. The drying method was used to determine the soil water content; the ring knife method was used to determine the soil bulk density and other soil physical properties; the hydrometer rapid measurement method was used to determine the soil mechanical composition; and the Karl Fischer system was used to determine the particle size classification. The potassium dichromate-concentrated sulfuric acid external heating method was used to determine organic carbon; the semi-micro Kelvin distillation method was used to determine total nitrogen; the sodium bicarbonate extraction molybdenum antimony colorimetric method was used to determine the available phosphorus; the acetic acid ammonia extraction flame photometry method was used to determine the available potassium; and the pH value was determined by the pH acidometer potentiometric method.

[0030] Hydrothermal data include air temperature, air humidity, wind speed and direction, and potential evaporation; each data can be obtained from meteorological stations in nearby areas or by setting up fixed or portable meteorological monitoring equipment.

[0031] In a specific example, the terrain data includes slope data X0, slope direction data Y0 and slope position data Z0. The terrain information is obtained based on a 1:10000 topographic map or a digital elevation model (DEM) generated from a digital surface model (DSM) obtained by drone aerial survey.

[0032] Determining the site type of the target area based on the terrain data specifically includes the following (11) to (14).

[0033] (11) Determine a slope type according to the slope data. The slope type is a flat slope, a gentle slope, an inclined slope or a steep slope.

[0034] Specifically, first substitute the slope data into the slope classification model , calculate the slope parameter; where, X is the preset bottom line slope (set to 5 degrees), E is the preset superimposed slope value (set to 10 degrees), is the slope parameter. Then the slope parameter Make a judgment and determine the slope type: <0, the slope type is flat slope, when 0≤ <1, the slope type is gentle slope, when 1≤ <2, the slope type is ramp. When ≥2, the slope type is steep slope.

[0035] (12) Determine the slope type according to the slope data. The slope type is a shady slope or a sunny slope.

[0036] Specifically, a first slope aspect threshold range Y1 and a second slope aspect threshold range Y2 are preset. The slope aspect data are compared with the first slope aspect threshold range and the second slope aspect threshold range to determine the slope aspect type: when Y0∈Y1, the slope aspect type is defined as a shady slope, and when Y0∈Y2, the slope aspect type is defined as a sunny slope.

[0037] (13) Determine a slope type according to the slope data. The slope type is downslope, midslope, or upslope.

[0038] Specifically, the slope data is the vertical height of the ridge and the valley. The corresponding slope position in the interval is downslope, and the height is to The corresponding slope position in the interval is the middle of the slope, and the height is The corresponding slope position within the Z0 interval is upslope.

[0039] (14) Based on the slope type, the slope aspect type and the slope position type, the site type of the target area is determined using the following formula.

[0040] .

[0041] in, T is the site type of the target area, with a value range of {0,1,2,3,4}, T =0 means it is not suitable for governance. T =1 means suitable grassland, T =2 indicates suitable shrub forest land, T =3 indicates suitable land for tree forests, T =4 indicates suitable land for fruit trees. S is the slope type, the value range is {0,1,2,3}, S =0 means flat slope, S =1 means a gentle slope, S =2 means slope, S =3 indicates a steep slope, A is the slope type, with a value range of {0,1}, A =0 means shady slope, A =1 means sunny slope, P is the slope type, the value range is {0,1,2}, P =0 means downslope, P =1 means mid-slope, P =2 means on the slope, Describe other situations except the previous 4 situations.

[0042] Step 202: Obtain the forest stand factor of the target area, and determine the growth status of the trees in the target area according to the forest stand factor. The growth status of the trees is healthy, unhealthy or dead.

[0043] Specifically, forest and grass survey plots are set up in the target area to measure the forest stand factors in the plots. Forest stand factors include: actual tree height L1, actual crown width G1, actual dead branch rate K1, actual mortality rate D1, actual degree of pests and diseases B1, etc. Among them, actual dead branch rate = number of dead branches of trees / total number of branches of trees; actual mortality rate = number of dead trees / total number of trees; actual degree of pests and diseases = number of trees with pests and diseases / total number of trees.

[0044] Match and summarize various factors within the sample plot, and record in detail information such as tree species, tree age, canopy density / cover, density, soil thickness, slope, slope direction, slope position, tree species composition, and geographical location.

[0045] In an exemplary embodiment, firstly, the theoretical tree height L0, theoretical crown width G0, ideal dead branch rate K0, ideal mortality rate D0 and ideal degree of disease and insect pest B0 of each tree species at each tree age are preset.

[0046] The difference between the actual tree height and the theoretical tree height is calculated to obtain a tree height difference value: δL=L1-L0; δL is the tree height difference value. δL≥0 represents a normal tree height state, otherwise it is abnormal.

[0047] The difference between the actual crown width and the theoretical crown width is calculated to obtain the crown width difference value: δG=G1-G0; δG is the crown width difference value. δG≥0 represents that the crown width state is normal, otherwise it is abnormal.

[0048] The difference between the actual dead branch rate and the ideal dead branch rate is calculated to obtain the dead branch rate difference value: δK=K1-K0; δK is the dead branch rate difference value; δK≤0 represents that the dead branch rate state is normal, otherwise it is abnormal.

[0049] The difference between the actual mortality rate and the ideal mortality rate is calculated to obtain the mortality rate difference value: δD=D1-D0; δD is the mortality rate difference value; δD≤0 represents a normal mortality rate state, otherwise it is abnormal.

[0050] The difference between the actual pest and disease degree and the ideal pest and disease degree is calculated to obtain the pest and disease difference value: δB=B1-B0; δB is the pest and disease degree difference value; δB≤0 represents that the pest and disease state is normal, otherwise it is abnormal.

[0051] If the mortality rate difference value is greater than 0, the growth status of the trees in the target area is dead.

[0052] If the mortality rate difference value is less than or equal to 0, and the number of abnormal states is greater than 1, the growth state of the trees in the target area is unhealthy; wherein the number of abnormal states is the number of tree height difference values, crown width difference values, dead branch rate difference values, and pest and disease difference values ​​greater than 0.

[0053] If the mortality difference value is less than or equal to 0, and the number of abnormal states is less than or equal to 1, the growth state of the trees in the target area is healthy.

[0054] That is, if δD≤0, and at most one of the other states is abnormal, the forest growth state is healthy; if δD≤0, and at least two of the other states are abnormal, the forest growth state is unhealthy; if δD>0, the forest growth state is dead.

[0055] Step 203, determining the benefit value of the forestry measures in the target area according to the vegetation coverage, the soil data and the forest stand factor.

[0056] In a specific example, the forest measure benefit value includes a biodiversity benefit value, a water conservation function benefit value, and a soil conservation and carbon fixation benefit value. Step 203 specifically includes the following (31) to (34).

[0057] (31) Calculate the relative density, relative cover and relative frequency of each species in the target area based on the vegetation coverage and the forest stand factor.

[0058] .

[0059] .

[0060] .

[0061] (32) Determine the importance value of each species in the target area based on the relative density, relative cover and relative frequency of each species in the target area. Specifically, importance value = (relative density + relative cover + relative frequency) / 3.

[0062] (33) Calculate the biodiversity benefit value of the target area based on the importance value of each species in the target area.

[0063] Specifically, the following formula is used to calculate the biodiversity benefit value of the target area.

[0064] .

[0065] .

[0066] .

[0067] .

[0068] in, M is the biodiversity benefit value of the target area, H is the species diversity index value, that is, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index value, which comprehensively reflects the diversity of species. SP is the species dominance index value, that is, the Simpson dominance index value, which reflects the diversity of dominant species. J sw is the species evenness index value, that is, the Pielou evenness index value, which reflects the evenness of the species. I is the number of species in the target area, namely the Patrick index, which reflects the total number of species. w 1 is the weight of the diversity index, w 2 is the weight of the dominance index, w 3 is the weight of the uniformity index, w 4 is the weight of the number of species, w 1. w 2. w 3. w 4 are all preset weight coefficients. N i In the target area i The importance of species, N is the sum of the importance values ​​of all species in the target area.

[0069] Further pre-set the ideal biodiversity benefit score M0, when M When ≥M0, it means that the biodiversity benefits of the sample site meet the normal level, otherwise it means that it does not meet the normal level.

[0070] (34) Calculate the water conservation function benefit value and soil conservation and carbon fixation benefit value of the target area based on the soil data.

[0071] In this example, the soil data also includes the maximum water holding rate, litter layer storage, soil layer thickness, soil total porosity, soil non-capillary porosity, bare land soil loss, and vegetation covered land soil loss. The maximum water holding rate is determined by the immersion method, and the litter storage is determined by the drying method.

[0072] The benefit value of water conservation function includes the water holding benefit of litter and the water holding benefit of soil.

[0073] First, according to the maximum water holding capacity and the accumulation of the litter layer, the formula W =(0.85 Rm – R 0)× QCalculate the effective interception volume using the formula Wlq =( Rm - R 0)×0.85 to calculate the maximum water storage capacity; where, W For effective interception volume, Wlq is the maximum water requirement, Rm is the maximum water holding rate (%), Q is the litter layer accumulation (unit: t·hm -2 ), R 0 is the natural moisture content (%).

[0074] Then, the litter water holding ratio is calculated based on the effective interception volume and the maximum water storage volume: litter water holding ratio = W / Wlq .

[0075] According to the soil thickness, soil total porosity and soil non-capillary porosity, the formula Calculate the maximum water holding capacity of the soil using the formula Calculate the soil non-capillary water holding capacity; where S M is the maximum water holding capacity of the soil (in t / hm 2 ), K is the soil non-capillary water holding capacity (unit: t / hm 2 ), h is the soil layer thickness (in meters), is the soil non-capillary porosity, C is the total porosity of soil (%).

[0076] According to the maximum water holding capacity of the soil and the non-capillary water holding capacity of the soil, calculate the soil water holding ratio: soil water holding ratio = K / S M .

[0077] The water holding ratio of the litter and the water holding ratio of the soil are weighted and summed to obtain the water conservation function benefit value: ;in, is the benefit value of water conservation function, is the pre-set litter water holding weight, is the pre-set soil water holding weight, is the water holding ratio of litter, It is the water holding ratio of soil.

[0078] Furthermore, the ideal soil water retention efficiency score is pre-set ,when When , it means that the soil water holding efficiency of the sample plot meets the normal level, otherwise it means that it does not meet the normal level.

[0079] The soil conservation and carbon fixation benefit value is calculated based on the bare land soil loss and the vegetation-covered land soil loss. The runoff plot estimation method is used to calculate the soil conservation amount, i.e., the soil conservation and carbon fixation benefit value: soil conservation and carbon fixation benefit value = bare land soil loss - vegetation-covered land soil loss.

[0080] Furthermore, the ideal soil conservation amount is set in advance. When the soil conservation and carbon fixation benefit value is ≥ the ideal soil conservation amount, it means that the soil conservation and carbon fixation benefit of the sample site meets the normal level, otherwise it means that it does not meet the normal level.

[0081] Step 204, determining the control demand intensity value of the target area based on the terrain data, the vegetation coverage, the soil data, the water and heat data and the forest stand factor.

[0082] Specifically, the control demand intensity value includes ecological competition intensity and soil erosion intensity. Step 204 specifically includes the following (41) to (46).

[0083] (41) Calculate the relative density, relative cover and relative frequency of each species in the target area based on the vegetation coverage and the forest stand factor.

[0084] (42) Determine the importance value of each species in each resource position in the target area based on the relative density, relative cover and relative intensity of each species in the target area. Importance value = (relative density + relative cover + relative frequency) / 3.

[0085] (43) Calculate niche breadth and niche overlap based on the importance of each species in each resource niche within the target area.

[0086] Levins formula was used to calculate niche breadth.

[0087] .

[0088] .

[0089] .

[0090] in, B i For the i The niche breadth of a species, P ij For the i Species in j The importance value of each resource position and the i The proportion of the importance value of each species in all resource positions, r is the total number of resource locations, i.e. the number of plots, n ij For the iSpecies in j The important value of each resource bit, B is the total width of the ecological niche of a plant community, n is the number of community types.

[0091] The Pianka formula was used to calculate the niche overlap.

[0092] .

[0093] in, O ik For the i species and k The niche overlap of species, P ij For the i Species in j The importance value of each resource position and the i The proportion of the importance value of each species in all resource positions, P kj For the k Species in j The importance value of each resource position and the k The proportion of the importance value of a species in all resource positions.

[0094] (44) The ecological niche width and the ecological niche overlap are weighted and summed to obtain the ecological competition intensity: ;in, U is the ecological competition intensity, z 1 is the pre-set weight of niche width, z 2 is the pre-set weight of niche overlap.

[0095] Further pre-set the ideal niche requirement score U 0, when U ≥ U When 0, it means that the ecological competition intensity requirement of the plot meets the normal level, otherwise it means that it does not meet the normal level.

[0096] (45) Determine the rainfall erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, slope value factor, vegetation coverage and management factor, and soil and water conservation measures factor based on the terrain data, vegetation coverage, soil data, and hydrothermal data.

[0097] Among them, the rainfall erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, slope value factor, vegetation coverage and management factor, and soil and water conservation measures factor are based on terrain data, vegetation coverage, soil data, water and heat data, soil retention data and other data, and are obtained through field sampling and indoor testing using the Environmental Policy-Integrated Climate (EPIC) model.

[0098] (46) Determine the intensity of soil and water loss based on the rainfall erosivity factor, the soil erodibility factor, the slope value factor, the vegetation coverage and management factor, and the soil and water conservation measures factor.

[0099] Specifically, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model was used to calculate the soil hydraulic erosion of the sample plot, that is, the average annual soil loss: ;in, is the average annual soil loss, i.e. the intensity of soil and water loss, is the rainfall erosivity factor, is the soil erodibility factor, is the slope factor, is the vegetation cover and management factor, It is the factor of soil and water conservation measures.

[0100] Further pre-set the ideal annual soil loss ;when , it means that the soil and water loss intensity demand of the sample site meets the normal level, otherwise it means that it does not meet the normal level.

[0101] Step 205, determining the site suitability score of the target area according to the site type and tree growth status of the target area.

[0102] Specifically, if the growth state of the trees is healthy, it means that the current site conditions are suitable; if the growth state of the trees is unhealthy, it means that the current site conditions are relatively suitable; if the growth state of the trees is dead, it means that the current site conditions are unsuitable.

[0103] Step 206, determining the functional suitability score of the target area according to the forestry measures benefit value of the target area.

[0104] Specifically, if the target area meets two or more of the benefits of biodiversity, water conservation, and soil conservation and carbon fixation, it means that the function of the target area is appropriate.

[0105] If the target area meets one of the benefits of biodiversity, water conservation, and soil conservation and carbon fixation, it means that the function of the target area is more suitable.

[0106] If the target area does not meet the benefits of biodiversity, water conservation, and soil and carbon fixation, it means that the functions of the target area are not suitable.

[0107] Step 207, determining the governance demand suitability score of the target area according to the governance demand intensity value of the target area.

[0108] Specifically, if the target area meets the requirements of ecological competition intensity and soil erosion intensity, it means that the governance needs of the target area are appropriate. If the target area meets one of the requirements of ecological competition intensity and soil erosion intensity, it means that the governance needs of the target area are relatively appropriate. If the target area does not meet the requirements of ecological competition intensity and soil erosion intensity, it means that the governance needs of the target area are not appropriate.

[0109] Step 208, determining the comprehensive suitability score of the target area according to the site condition suitability score, the functional suitability score and the governance demand suitability score, and adjusting the ecological restoration project of the target area based on the comprehensive suitability score.

[0110] This application summarizes the site condition evaluation results, function evaluation results, and governance needs evaluation results, and pre-sets the score range and evaluation weight corresponding to the evaluation results. The score range and evaluation weight are divided based on the 300mm rainfall intensity. The rainfall intensity of the area corresponding to the site condition suitability score, the function suitability score, and the governance needs suitability score is matched with the corresponding score range and evaluation weight, and converted according to its score range and evaluation weight to finally obtain a comprehensive suitability score.

[0111] The first comprehensive score threshold range, the second comprehensive score threshold range, and the third comprehensive score threshold range are preset to correspond to suitable, relatively suitable, and unsuitable, respectively. The comprehensive suitability score is matched with the first comprehensive score threshold range, the second comprehensive score threshold range, and the third comprehensive score threshold range, and a comprehensive evaluation result of the target area is obtained based on the matching result.

[0112] In another exemplary embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, it is divided into eight steps: site condition evaluation, forest growth status evaluation, effectiveness evaluation of existing forest and grass measures, determination of soil and water loss control needs, site condition suitability evaluation, functional suitability evaluation, control needs suitability evaluation and comprehensive suitability evaluation.

[0113] ① The data involved in the site condition evaluation step include digital elevation model, remote sensing image data, soil conditions and water and heat conditions. Determine the slope, slope direction and slope position based on the digital elevation model; determine the current status of soil utilization and vegetation coverage based on remote sensing image data; determine the soil type, soil moisture, soil nutrients and soil thickness based on soil conditions; determine the air temperature, air humidity, wind speed and direction and potential evaporation based on water and heat conditions. Based on the above data, the site is graded into suitable economic fruit forest land, suitable tree forest land, suitable shrub forest land, suitable grassland and unsuitable land.

[0114] ② The data involved in the evaluation of tree growth status include tree growth data, health status data and ecological competition data. The tree height, crown width and breast diameter are determined based on the tree growth data; the dead branch rate, mortality rate and degree of pests and diseases are determined based on the health status data; the niche width, niche overlap and total niche overlap are determined based on the ecological competition data. The current growth level of the forest is determined based on the above data, including healthy, sub-healthy, unhealthy and dead.

[0115] ③ The data involved in the evaluation of the benefits of existing forest and grass measures include ecological benefits, social benefits and economic benefits. Ecological benefits include biodiversity benefits, water conservation benefits and soil and carbon fixation benefits; social benefits include promoting employment, driving industrial development and ecological protection awareness; economic benefits include direct economic value and indirect economic value. Based on the above data, functional types are divided into water conservation type, soil and water conservation type, carbon fixation type, economic type and forage land.

[0116] ④ The data involved in the step of determining the need for soil and water loss control include the degree of erosion and the need for control. The degree of erosion includes topography, rainfall, soil and human activities; the need for control includes policy factors, development planning and living and production needs. Based on the above data, the control needs are determined, including soil and water conservation, increasing income, beautifying the environment, supporting the dual carbon goals and promoting agricultural and animal husbandry production.

[0117] ⑤ Site suitability evaluation steps: Site suitability evaluation is carried out based on the site grade results and the current growth grade of the forest.

[0118] ⑥ Functional suitability evaluation step: Functional suitability evaluation is carried out according to the current growth grade and functional type of the forest.

[0119] ⑦ Governance demand suitability evaluation steps: Governance demand suitability evaluation is carried out according to functional types and governance needs.

[0120] ⑧ Comprehensive suitability evaluation step: Comprehensive suitability evaluation is carried out based on site condition suitability, functional suitability and governance demand suitability.

[0121] In a specific example, the slope is divided into flat slope <5°, gentle slope 5°~15°, slope 15°~25° and steep slope >25°; the slope direction is divided into 22.5° as a unit, divided into shady slopes: north (337.5°~22.5°), northeast (22.5°~67.5°), east (67.5°~112.5°), northwest (292.5°~337.5°); sunny slopes: southeast (112.5°~157.5°), west (247.5°~292.5°), south (157.5°~202.5°), southwest (202.5°~247.5°). The ridgeline of the basin is divided according to the positive and negative terrain of the basin, and the slope position from the ridge to the valley is divided into upper slope, middle slope and lower slope. The suitability scores and weights of areas with rainfall above 300 mm and below 300 mm are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.

[0122] Table 1 Suitability scores and weights for areas above 300 mm

[0123] Table 2 Suitability scores and weights for areas below 300 mm

[0124] Taking 300mm as the dividing line, the typical forest and grass measures of Pinus tabulaeformis and Caragana korshinskii were verified by examples in rainfall <300mm and rainfall >300mm respectively.

[0125] The suitability of Pinus tabulaeformis and Caragana korshinskii in areas with rainfall less than 300 mm and rainfall greater than 300 mm was calculated by site suitability, functional suitability and demand suitability, as shown in Tables 3 to 6. It can be seen that in terms of site suitability, Pinus tabulaeformis is more suitable for deployment in areas with rainfall above 300 mm. Although it can survive in areas with rainfall below 300 mm, it is slightly worse in terms of ecological function and benefit. In addition, farmers and herdsmen have poor demand for Pinus tabulaeformis. Therefore, the comprehensive suitability score of Pinus tabulaeformis in areas with rainfall below 300 mm is less than 50 points, and the afforestation task should be adjusted according to actual conditions. Caragana korshinskii also shows good suitability for site conditions. Although it is slightly weaker than Pinus tabulaeformis in terms of function, its overall ecological and economic benefits are relatively good. Farmers and herdsmen can make full use of the branches of Caragana korshinskii after pruning as feed, or directly use it as grazing pasture. Caragana korshinskii has good suitability in areas with rainfall above 300 mm and areas with rainfall below 300 mm, with a comprehensive score of more than 88 points.

[0126] Table 3 Suitability scores of Pinus tabulaeformis in areas with rainfall above 300 mm

[0127] Table 4 Suitability scores of Pinus tabulaeformis in areas with rainfall below 300 mm

[0128] Table 5 Suitability scores of Caragana korshinskii in areas with rainfall above 300 mm

[0129] Table 6 Caragana suitability scores in areas with rainfall below 300 mm

[0130] In summary, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application include at least the following points.

[0131] 1. Compared with the traditional suitability evaluation method that relies on experience or a large amount of ground surveys, this application adopts a method that combines UAV remote sensing aerial surveys with a small amount of ground surveys, which can effectively supplement the errors caused by the lack of experience and theory of designers. With standardized modeling and survey methods, planning and design personnel can quickly determine the layout of new forestry and grassland projects. It can also be used as a planning and design method for the transformation and improvement of existing inefficient artificial forests.

[0132] 2. This application covers suitability evaluation at three levels: site suitability, functional suitability and governance needs suitability. It can make up for the problem of forest survival but not forest formation caused by single suitability, and is more suitable for the multi-objective needs of farmers and herdsmen for ecological restoration projects.

[0133] 3. This application can estimate the ecological service function of the forest and grass vegetation pattern in the watershed through simple survey and sampling and based on the calculation method of ecological service function.

[0134] The evaluation results obtained in this application can be directly used for the renewal and transformation of existing inefficient forests, or in project areas where afforestation and grass planting projects have not yet been carried out. This method can also be used to conduct a suitability evaluation in advance on the forest and grass measures that need to be configured, which will help to timely adjust the layout of forest and grass projects and improve the survival rate and functional benefits of forest and grass measures.

[0135] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application also provides an ecological restoration project optimization device for implementing the ecological restoration project optimization method involved above. The implementation scheme for solving the problem provided by the device is similar to the implementation scheme recorded in the above method, so the specific limitations in one or more ecological restoration project optimization device embodiments provided below can refer to the limitations of the ecological restoration project optimization method above, and will not be repeated here.

[0136] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 4As shown, an ecological restoration project optimization device is provided, including: a terrain information acquisition module 401, a forest information acquisition module 402, a forest measure benefit determination module 403, a governance demand determination module 404, a site condition suitability scoring module 405, a functional suitability scoring module 406, a governance demand suitability scoring module 407 and an optimization module 408.

[0137] The terrain information acquisition module 401 is used to acquire terrain data, vegetation coverage, soil data and water and heat data of the target area, and determine the site type of the target area based on the terrain data.

[0138] The forest information acquisition module 402 is used to acquire the forest stand factor of the target area, and determine the growth status of the trees in the target area according to the forest stand factor.

[0139] The forest measure benefit determination module 403 is connected to the terrain information acquisition module 401 and the forest information acquisition module 402 respectively, and the forest measure benefit determination module 403 is used to determine the forest measure benefit value of the target area according to the vegetation coverage, the soil data and the forest stand factor.

[0140] The governance demand determination module 404 is connected to the terrain information acquisition module 401 and the forest information acquisition module 402 respectively. The governance demand determination module 404 is used to determine the governance demand intensity value of the target area based on the terrain data, the vegetation coverage, the soil data, the water and heat data and the forest stand factor.

[0141] The site suitability scoring module 405 is connected to the terrain information acquisition module 401 and the forest information acquisition module 402 respectively, and is used to determine the site suitability score of the target area according to the site type and forest growth status of the target area.

[0142] The functional suitability scoring module 406 is connected to the forest measure benefit determination module 403, and the functional suitability scoring module 406 is used to determine the functional suitability score of the target area according to the forest measure benefit value of the target area.

[0143] The governance demand suitability scoring module 407 is connected to the governance demand determination module 404, and the governance demand suitability scoring module 407 is used to determine the governance demand suitability score of the target area according to the governance demand intensity value of the target area.

[0144] The optimization module 408 is connected to the site suitability scoring module 405, the functional suitability scoring module 406 and the governance demand suitability scoring module 407 respectively. The optimization module 408 is used to determine the comprehensive suitability score of the target area according to the site suitability score, the functional suitability score and the governance demand suitability score, and adjust the ecological restoration project of the target area based on the comprehensive suitability score.

[0145] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided. The computer device may be a server or a terminal. The internal structure diagram thereof may be as follows: Figure 5 As shown. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, an input / output interface (Input / Output, referred to as I / O) and a communication interface. The processor, the memory and the input / output interface are connected through a system bus, and the communication interface is connected to the system bus through the input / output interface. The processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, a computer program and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The database of the computer device is used to store terrain data, vegetation coverage, soil data, water and heat data and forest stand factors of the target area. The input / output interface of the computer device is used to exchange information between the processor and an external device. The communication interface of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal through a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, an ecological restoration engineering optimization method is implemented.

[0146] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 5 The structure shown in the figure is only a block diagram of a part of the structure related to the solution of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the solution of the present application is applied. The specific computer device may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components. In an exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor implements the steps in the above-mentioned method embodiments when executing the computer program.

[0147] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, storing a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in the above method embodiments are implemented.

[0148] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in the above method embodiments are implemented.

[0149] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of relevant data must comply with relevant regulations.

[0150] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to the memory, database or other medium used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM may be in various forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM).

[0151] The database involved in each embodiment provided in this application may include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. The non-relational database may include a distributed database based on blockchain, etc., but is not limited thereto. The processor involved in each embodiment provided in this application may be a general-purpose processor, a central processing unit, a graphics processor, a digital signal processor, a programmable logic device, a data processing logic device based on quantum computing, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0152] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0153] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting this application.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration project optimization method, characterized in that: The ecological restoration project optimization method comprises: Acquire terrain data, vegetation coverage, soil data, and hydrothermal data of a target area, and determine the site type of the target area based on the terrain data; Acquire a forest stand factor of a target area, and determine a tree growth state of the target area according to the forest stand factor; Determining the benefit value of the forestry measures in the target area according to the vegetation coverage, the soil data and the forest stand factor; Determine the governance demand intensity value of the target area according to the terrain data, the vegetation coverage, the soil data, the water and heat data and the forest stand factor; Determine the site suitability score of the target area according to the site type and tree growth status of the target area; Determine the functional suitability score of the target area according to the forestry measures benefit value of the target area; Determining a governance demand suitability score for the target area according to the governance demand intensity value for the target area; The comprehensive suitability score of the target area is determined according to the site condition suitability score, the functional suitability score and the governance demand suitability score, and the ecological restoration project of the target area is adjusted based on the comprehensive suitability score.

2. The ecological restoration engineering optimization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The terrain data includes slope data, aspect data and slope position data; Determining the site type of the target area based on the terrain data specifically includes: determining a slope type according to the slope data; determining the aspect type according to the aspect data; Determine the slope type according to the slope data; Based on the slope type, the aspect type and the position type, the site type of the target area is determined using the following formula: ； in, T is the site type of the target area, with a value range of {0,1,2,3,4}, T =0 means it is not suitable for governance. T =1 means suitable grassland, T =2 indicates suitable shrub forest land, T =3 indicates suitable land for tree forests, T =4 indicates suitable land for fruit trees. S is the slope type, the value range is {0,1,2,3}, S =0 means flat slope, S =1 means a gentle slope, S =2 means slope, S =3 indicates a steep slope, A is the slope type, with a value range of {0,1}, A =0 means shady slope, A =1 means sunny slope, P is the slope type, the value range is {0,1,2}, P =0 means downslope, P =1 means mid-slope, P =2 means on the slope, Describe other situations except the previous 4 situations.

3. The ecological restoration engineering optimization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stand factors include: actual tree height, actual crown width, actual dead branch rate, actual mortality rate and actual degree of pests and diseases; Determining the tree growth status of the target area according to the forest stand factor specifically includes: Calculating the difference between the actual tree height and the theoretical tree height to obtain a tree height difference value; Calculating the difference between the actual crown width and the theoretical crown width to obtain a crown width difference value; Calculating the difference between the actual dead branch rate and the ideal dead branch rate to obtain a dead branch rate difference value; Calculating the difference between the actual mortality rate and the ideal mortality rate to obtain a mortality rate difference value; Calculating the difference between the actual degree of pests and diseases and the ideal degree of pests and diseases to obtain a pests and diseases difference value; If the mortality rate difference value is greater than 0, the growth state of the trees in the target area is dead; If the mortality rate difference value is less than or equal to 0, and the number of abnormal states is greater than 1, the growth state of the trees in the target area is unhealthy; wherein the number of abnormal states is the number of tree height difference values, crown width difference values, dead branch rate difference values, and pest and disease difference values ​​greater than 0; If the mortality difference value is less than or equal to 0, and the number of abnormal states is less than or equal to 1, the growth state of the trees in the target area is healthy.

4. The ecological restoration engineering optimization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The forest measures benefit values ​​include biodiversity benefit value, water conservation function benefit value and soil conservation and carbon fixation benefit value; Determining the benefit value of the forest measures in the target area according to the vegetation coverage, the soil data and the forest stand factor, specifically including: Calculate the relative density, relative coverage and relative frequency of each species in the target area according to the vegetation coverage and the forest stand factor; Determine the importance value of each species in the target area according to the relative density, relative cover and relative frequency of each species in the target area; Calculate the biodiversity benefit value of the target area based on the importance value of each species in the target area; Based on the soil data, the water conservation function benefit value and the soil conservation and carbon fixation benefit value of the target area are calculated.

5. The ecological restoration engineering optimization method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The biodiversity benefit value of the target area is calculated using the following formula: ； ； ； ； in, M is the biodiversity benefit value of the target area, H is the species diversity index value, SP is the species dominance index value, J sw is the species evenness index value, I is the number of species in the target area, w 1 is the weight of the diversity index, w 2 is the weight of the dominance index, w 3 is the weight of the uniformity index, w 4 is the weight of the number of species, N i In the target area i The importance of species, N is the sum of the importance values ​​of all species in the target area.

6. The ecological restoration engineering optimization method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The soil data include maximum water holding capacity, litter layer storage, soil layer thickness, total soil porosity, soil non-capillary porosity, bare land soil loss and vegetation covered land soil loss; According to the soil data, the water conservation function benefit value and soil conservation and carbon fixation benefit value of the target area are calculated, specifically including: According to the maximum water holding capacity and the accumulation of the litter layer, the formula W =(0.85 Rm – R 0)× Q Calculate the effective interception volume using the formula Wlq =( Rm - R 0)×0.85 to calculate the maximum water storage capacity; where, W For effective interception volume, Wlq is the maximum water requirement, Rm is the maximum water holding rate, Q is the litter layer accumulation, R 0 is the natural moisture content; Calculating the water holding ratio of litter according to the effective interception capacity and the maximum water storage capacity; According to the soil layer thickness, the soil total porosity and the soil non-capillary porosity, the formula is used. Calculate the maximum water holding capacity of the soil using the formula Calculate the soil non-capillary water holding capacity; where: S M is the maximum water holding capacity of the soil, K is the non-capillary water holding capacity of the soil, h is the soil layer thickness, is the soil non-capillary porosity, C is the total porosity of soil; Calculating soil water holding ratio according to the maximum water holding capacity of the soil and the non-capillary water holding capacity of the soil; The water holding ratio of the litter and the water holding ratio of the soil are weighted and summed to obtain the water conservation function benefit value; The soil conservation and carbon fixation benefit value is calculated based on the soil loss of the bare land and the soil loss of the vegetation-covered land.

7. The ecological restoration engineering optimization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The governance demand intensity value includes ecological competition intensity and soil and water loss intensity; Determining the governance demand intensity value of the target area according to the terrain data, the vegetation coverage, the soil data, the water and heat data and the forest stand factor, specifically includes: Calculate the relative density, relative coverage and relative frequency of each species in the target area according to the vegetation coverage and the forest stand factor; Determine the importance of each species in each resource location in the target area based on the relative density, relative coverage and relative intensity of each species in the target area; Calculate niche width and niche overlap based on the importance of each species in each resource niche in the target area; Taking a weighted sum of the niche width and the niche overlap to obtain the ecological competition intensity; Determine the rainfall erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, slope value factor, vegetation coverage and management factor, and soil and water conservation measure factor according to the terrain data, the vegetation coverage, the soil data, and the hydrothermal data; The intensity of soil and water loss is determined based on the rainfall erosivity factor, the soil erodibility factor, the slope value factor, the vegetation coverage and management factor, and the soil and water conservation measures factor.

8. An ecological restoration project optimization device, applied to the ecological restoration project optimization method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The ecological restoration engineering optimization device comprises: A terrain information acquisition module, used to acquire terrain data, vegetation coverage, soil data and water and heat data of a target area, and determine the site type of the target area based on the terrain data; A forest information acquisition module, used to acquire the forest stand factor of the target area, and determine the growth status of the forest in the target area according to the forest stand factor; A forest measure benefit determination module, connected to the terrain information acquisition module and the forest information acquisition module respectively, for determining the forest measure benefit value of the target area according to the vegetation coverage, the soil data and the forest stand factor; A governance demand determination module, connected to the terrain information acquisition module and the forest information acquisition module respectively, for determining the governance demand intensity value of the target area according to the terrain data, the vegetation coverage, the soil data, the water and heat data and the forest stand factor; A site suitability scoring module, connected to the terrain information acquisition module and the forest information acquisition module, respectively, for determining the site suitability score of the target area according to the site type and forest growth status of the target area; A functional suitability scoring module, connected to the forest measure benefit determination module, is used to determine the functional suitability score of the target area according to the forest measure benefit value of the target area; A governance demand suitability scoring module, connected to the governance demand determination module, is used to determine the governance demand suitability score of the target area according to the governance demand intensity value of the target area; The optimization module is respectively connected to the site condition suitability scoring module, the functional suitability scoring module and the governance demand suitability scoring module, and is used to determine the comprehensive suitability score of the target area according to the site condition suitability score, the functional suitability score and the governance demand suitability score, and adjust the ecological restoration project of the target area based on the comprehensive suitability score.

9. A computer device comprising: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the ecological restoration engineering optimization method described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the ecological restoration engineering optimization method described in any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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