Preparation method of additive manufacturing ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing for preparing composite materials, in particular to a preparation method of an additive manufacturing ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material, which comprises the following steps: selecting a welding wire; the welding wire is cleaned through ultrasonic waves; a plating layer containing ceramic particles is evenly prepared on the surface of the welding wire through a physical vapor deposition technology; the welding wires containing the ceramic particle coatings are stacked layer by layer through an additive manufacturing process to construct a three-dimensional solid structure; the fusion and bonding state of the ceramic particles and the metal matrix after each layer of material accumulation is detected and recognized through a visual sensor; and preparing the ceramic particle metal-based component. According to the preparation method of the additive manufacturing ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material, the problem that in additive manufacturing, the interface bonding strength of ceramic particles in a metal matrix and a matrix is poor is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing for preparing composite materials, and in particular to a method for preparing an additively manufactured ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material. Background Art

[0002] Additive Manufacturing (AM), as a revolutionary manufacturing technology, is centered on building objects through a precisely controlled layer-by-layer material accumulation process. Its notable features are the efficient use of materials and the excellent manufacturing capabilities of complex geometric structures. Although metal additive manufacturing technology has made great progress in recent years, its performance in mechanical properties still faces multiple challenges, especially key issues such as porosity, crack formation, residual stress accumulation, and surface roughness control. These mechanical defects are directly related to and potentially weaken the strength, durability, and even overall reliability of the product. Whether these problems can be avoided constitutes a major consideration for the further development and application of this technology field.

[0003] In recent years, the method of enhancing the mechanical properties of additively manufactured workpieces by adding ceramic particles to the metal matrix has received increasing attention. Ceramic particles are considered to be an ideal reinforcement phase due to their high hardness, high melting point and excellent wear resistance, which can effectively improve the mechanical properties of the metal matrix. The preparation of additively manufactured composite materials by introducing ceramic particles into the metal matrix can improve the hardness, wear resistance and fatigue resistance of the workpiece, thereby significantly improving the comprehensive performance of additively manufactured products.

[0004] In the technology of using ceramic particles to reinforce metal additive manufacturing workpieces, the mainstream process includes the preparation of Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs). By evenly dispersing ceramic particles in metal powder, and then using additive manufacturing technologies such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) or Electron Beam Melting (EBM), the powder or wire of these composite materials is gradually melted and then solidified to finally form a dense metal matrix composite workpiece. For example, some studies have shown that by introducing boronized carbon (B4C) particles into the aluminum matrix, the tensile strength and hardness of additively manufactured aluminum-based composites can be significantly improved. Other studies have improved the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of titanium alloy-based composites by adding aluminum oxide (Al2O3) or titanium carbide (TiC) particles to titanium alloys.

[0005] However, in actual operation, the uniform dispersion of ceramic particles in the metal matrix still faces many challenges. First, ceramic particles are easy to agglomerate in the metal matrix to form particle aggregates, resulting in uneven distribution, which affects the mechanical properties and overall performance of the composite material. Secondly, the insufficient interface bonding between the ceramic particles and the metal matrix may lead to stress concentration and crack formation, thereby reducing the comprehensive performance of the composite material. In addition, achieving uniform dispersion of ceramic particles in the metal matrix requires complex technology and process control, such as molten salt method and mechanical alloying, which are difficult and costly. Finally, due to their size effect, nano-scale ceramic particles are prone to uneven distribution in the metal matrix, resulting in inconsistent mechanical properties and wear resistance of the composite material.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to solve the technical problem of poor interface bonding strength between ceramic particles in metal matrix in additive manufacturing. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material by additive manufacturing, aiming to solve the technical problem of poor interface bonding strength between ceramic particles in a metal matrix in additive manufacturing.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, a method for preparing a ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material by additive manufacturing is provided, comprising the steps of: S1. Select welding wire; S2, cleaning the welding wire by ultrasonic cleaning; S3, uniformly preparing a coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire by a physical vapor deposition process; S4, stacking the welding wire containing the ceramic particle coating layer layer by layer through an additive manufacturing process to construct a three-dimensional solid structure; S5, detecting and identifying the fusion and bonding state of the ceramic particles and the metal matrix after each layer of stacked materials through a visual sensor; S6. Prepare ceramic particle metal-based components.

[0009] Furthermore, the additive manufacturing process includes laser melting deposition, electron beam melting and direct energy deposition.

[0010] Furthermore, after each layer of the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material is filled by the additive manufacturing process, the visual sensor detects and identifies the fusion and bonding state of the layer of the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material.

[0011] Furthermore, when the visual sensor detects and identifies that the fusion of the first layer of ceramic particle metal matrix composite material has interface defects, the coating content of the ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire is adjusted for the first time through the physical vapor deposition process in step S3.

[0012] Furthermore, when the visual sensor detects and identifies that the fusion of the first layer of ceramic particle metal matrix composite material reaches an ideal state, the second layer of ceramic particle metal matrix composite material is filled through the additive manufacturing process, and the visual sensor detects and identifies the bonding state of this layer of ceramic particle metal matrix composite material.

[0013] Furthermore, when the visual sensor detects and identifies that cracks exist in the bonding between the first layer and the second ceramic particle metal matrix composite material, the coating content of the ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire is changed for the second time through the physical vapor deposition process in step S3.

[0014] Furthermore, when the visual sensor detects and identifies that the fusion and bonding of the first layer and the second layer of the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material have reached an ideal state, the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material is continuously filled and stacked through the additive manufacturing process to prepare a ceramic particle metal matrix component.

[0015] Furthermore, the physical vapor deposition process includes a vacuum evaporation coating process, a vacuum sputtering coating process and a vacuum ion coating process to prepare a coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire.

[0016] Furthermore, the vacuum evaporation coating process for preparing a coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire comprises the following steps: The welding wire is located in a coating chamber, a vacuum pump is started to gradually reduce the pressure in the coating chamber so that a vacuum is generated in the coating chamber, and an evaporation source heating device is set and started according to the melting point of the evaporated substance to start coating the welding wire, so as to prepare a coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire; or, The vacuum sputtering coating process for preparing a coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire comprises the following steps: The welding wire is located in the coating chamber, a sputtering target is selected, the sputtering target is fixed on a sputtering device, the distance between the welding wire and the sputtering target is adjusted, a vacuum pump is started to gradually reduce the pressure in the coating chamber so that a vacuum is generated in the coating chamber, argon gas is then injected into the coating chamber as a sputtering working gas, a sputtering power supply is started so that the target is sputtered under the bombardment of argon ions, and a coating containing ceramic particles is prepared on the surface of the welding wire; or, The vacuum ion plating process for preparing a coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire comprises the following steps: The welding wire is located in a coating chamber. After selecting a suitable evaporation source material, the vacuum pump is started to gradually reduce the pressure in the coating chamber so that a vacuum is generated in the coating chamber. At the same time, argon gas is injected into the coating chamber as an ionization and sputtering working gas. The heater is started, and the film material evaporates into atoms and is ejected from the electron gun. Under the action of high-energy ions, a coating containing ceramic particles is prepared on the surface of the welding wire.

[0017] Furthermore, the time for uniformly preparing the coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire by the physical vapor deposition process is changed to adjust the coating content of ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire.

[0018] Implementing the embodiments of the present invention will have the following beneficial effects: 1. The preparation method of the additively manufactured ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material in this embodiment, since the welding wire is ultrasonically cleaned, a coating containing ceramic particles is uniformly prepared on the surface of the welding wire by a physical vapor deposition process, so that the welding wire containing the ceramic particle coating is stacked layer by layer through an additive manufacturing process to construct a three-dimensional solid structure, and then the fusion and bonding state of the ceramic particles and the metal matrix after each layer of stacked material is detected and identified by a visual sensor, thereby overcoming the problem of poor interface bonding strength between ceramic particles in the metal matrix in additive manufacturing in the prior art; 2. In the preparation method of the additively manufactured ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material in this embodiment, after each layer of the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material is filled by the additive manufacturing process, the visual sensor detects and identifies the fusion and bonding state of the layer of the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material, thereby visually identifying the fusion interface defects or bonding cracks of the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material, and then changing the coating content of the ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire by the physical vapor deposition process, so as to achieve the fusion and bonding of the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material to an ideal state; 3. In the method for preparing the additively manufactured ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material in this embodiment, when the visual sensor detects and identifies that the fusion and bonding of the first layer and the second layer of the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material have reached an ideal state, the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material is continuously filled and stacked through the additive manufacturing process, thereby preparing a ceramic particle metal matrix component with a complex structure; 4. The method for preparing the additively manufactured ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material in this embodiment changes the time for uniformly preparing the coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire by the physical vapor deposition process, thereby dynamically adjusting the coating content of ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for preparing a ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material by additive manufacturing according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a vacuum evaporation coating process according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a vacuum ion plating process according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a vacuum sputtering coating process according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of preparing a ceramic particle metal-based component according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the surface morphology of a product example of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a strain-stress curve diagram of the ceramic particle metal-based component described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Among them: 1. welding wire; 2. visual sensor; 3. coating chamber; 41. evaporation source heating device; 42. sputtering device; 43. electron gun; 5. vacuum pump; 6. laser; 7. 2205 stainless steel plate; 8. ceramic particle metal-based components. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below with reference to the relevant drawings. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are given in the drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

[0023] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0025] Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 7 The present invention provides a method for preparing a ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material by additive manufacturing, comprising the steps of: S1, select welding wire 1; S2, cleaning the welding wire 1 by ultrasonic cleaning; S3, uniformly preparing a coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire 1 by a physical vapor deposition process; S4, constructing a three-dimensional solid structure by stacking the welding wire 1 containing the ceramic particle coating layer layer by layer through an additive manufacturing process; S5, detecting and identifying the fusion and bonding state of the ceramic particles and the metal matrix after each layer of the stacked material through the visual sensor 2; S6. Prepare ceramic particle metal-based component 8.

[0026] In specific applications, physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology is an advanced process commonly used in surface engineering and film preparation. Through PVD technology, a uniform and dense film layer can be formed on the surface of the substrate. PVD technology is applied to the surface of the welding wire 1 to uniformly prepare a coating containing ceramic particles, and the welding wire 1 containing the ceramic particle coating is stacked layer by layer through an additive manufacturing process to construct a three-dimensional solid structure. The visual sensor 2 detects and identifies the fusion and bonding state of the ceramic particles and the metal matrix after each layer of stacked materials, so that the ceramic particles in the additive manufacturing can be evenly distributed in the metal matrix and the bonding of the interface between the particles and the matrix can be improved based on the physical vapor deposition technology. Among them, the visual sensor 2 timely detects and identifies the fusion and bonding state of the ceramic particles and the metal matrix after each layer of stacked materials, so that the coating content of the ceramic particles covering the surface of the welding wire 1 can be timely adjusted, thereby avoiding the interface defects of the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material during fusion and the problem of large-scale cracks inside during bonding. It is worth mentioning that the visual sensor 2 is an electron microscope. The visual sensor 2 rotates relative to the ceramic particle metal base component 8 to detect the fusion and bonding state of the ceramic particles and the metal base. Since the visual sensor 2 is located above the welding wire 1, it can only detect the fusion and bonding state of the ceramic particles and the metal base on the surface of the current filling layer. Therefore, when the welding wire 1 fills and accumulates the material back and forth each time, the visual sensor 2 rotates relative to the welding wire 1 at a certain angle, such as 30°, 60° or 90°, so as to detect the interface adhesion and defects of the ceramic particles and the matrix of the welding wire filling material and the upper filling layer, thereby improving the interface bonding strength between the ceramic particles in the metal matrix and the matrix in additive manufacturing.

[0027] In one possible embodiment, the additive manufacturing process includes laser melting deposition, electron beam melting, and direct energy deposition. In specific applications, laser metal deposition (LMD) is a welding process in which a welding wire 1 covered with ceramic particles is introduced into a molten pool generated by a high-power laser for welding and forming. The added ceramic particle welding wire 1 is injected through a conical ring nozzle surrounding the laser beam to form a weld and then coated into the metal to be welded. It can be used in the repair of worn parts or in free-form manufacturing of complex geometries (3D printing). Compared with other types of welding, LMD results in a smaller heat-affected zone, which can effectively reduce the residual stress in the ceramic particle metal-based component 8. The electron beam melting (EBM) process is carried out in a high vacuum chamber filled with inert argon. The welding wire 1 powder containing ceramic particles is thinly spread on the build platform by a rake. The electron beam emitted by the electron gun 43 selectively melts each powder layer according to the slice data of the CAD model. The build platform is gradually lowered with each additional layer. After completion, the excess powder is removed to reveal a solid 3D printed ceramic particle metal-based component 8. The high energy density of the electron beam can cause the material to melt and solidify quickly, thereby improving manufacturing efficiency. The EBM process is carried out at high temperatures of up to 1000°C, thereby reducing residual stress and deformation of the ceramic particle metal-based component 8; Direct energy deposition (DED) uses a high energy density heat source (laser, electron beam or plasma / arc) focused on the substrate to form a small molten pool and simultaneously melt the feedstock delivered into the molten pool in the form of a welding wire 1 containing ceramic particles. As the heat source moves forward, the deposited metal solidifies on the substrate to form metal tracks. The metal tracks overlap each other according to a predefined pattern fill pitch (i.e., the distance between consecutive metal tracks) to produce a ceramic particle metal-based component 8.

[0028] In a possible implementation, after each layer of ceramic particle metal matrix composite material is filled by an additive manufacturing process, the visual sensor 2 detects and identifies the fusion and bonding state of the layer of ceramic particle metal matrix composite material. In a specific application, after each layer of ceramic particle metal matrix composite material is filled by an additive manufacturing process, the visual sensor 2 can detect and identify the fusion and bonding state of the layer of ceramic particle metal matrix composite material, thereby visually identifying the fusion interface defects or bonding cracks of the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material. Since the content of ceramic particles in the welding wire 1 directly affects the fusion interface state, the fusion and bonding state of the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material identified by the visual sensor 2 can be used to feedback and adjust the content of ceramic in the welding wire 1, and then the coating content of ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire 1 is changed by a physical vapor deposition process, so that the fusion and bonding of the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material reaches an ideal state.

[0029] In a possible implementation, when the visual sensor 2 detects and identifies that the fusion of the first layer of ceramic particle metal matrix composite material has interface defects, the physical vapor deposition process of step S3 is used to adjust and change the coating content of the ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire 1 for the first time. In a specific application, when the visual sensor 2 detects and identifies that the fusion of the first layer of ceramic particle metal matrix composite material has interface defects, the coating content of the ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire 1 can be increased by increasing the duration of the physical vapor deposition process, thereby avoiding the occurrence of larger area interface defects in the subsequent molten filling layer that affect the strength of the overall ceramic particle metal matrix component 8.

[0030] In a possible implementation, when the visual sensor 2 detects and identifies that the fusion of the first layer of ceramic particle metal matrix composite material has reached an ideal state, the second layer of ceramic particle metal matrix composite material is filled by the additive manufacturing process, and the visual sensor 2 detects and identifies the bonding state of the layer of ceramic particle metal matrix composite material. In a specific application, when the visual sensor 2 detects and identifies that the fusion of the first layer of ceramic particle metal matrix composite material has reached an ideal state, at this time, the second layer of ceramic particle metal matrix composite material can be filled by the additive manufacturing process, and then the visual sensor 2 detects and identifies the bonding state of the layer of ceramic particle metal matrix composite material to determine the next step of the ceramic particle metal matrix component 8.

[0031] In a possible implementation, when the visual sensor 2 detects and identifies that there are cracks in the bonding between the first layer and the second layer of the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material, the physical vapor deposition process of step S3 is used to adjust the coating content of the ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire 1 for the second time. In a specific application, when the visual sensor 2 detects and identifies that there are cracks in the bonding between the first layer and the second layer of the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material, the coating content of the ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire 1 is reduced by shortening the duration of the physical vapor deposition process, thereby avoiding the stress concentration cracks generated inside the molten deposition and affecting the strength of the overall ceramic particle metal matrix component 8.

[0032] In a possible implementation, when the visual sensor 2 detects and identifies that the fusion and bonding of the first layer and the second layer of the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material have reached an ideal state, the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material is continuously filled and stacked by an additive manufacturing process to prepare a ceramic particle metal matrix component 8. In a specific application, when the visual sensor 2 detects and identifies that the fusion and bonding of the first layer and the second layer of the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material have reached an ideal state, when it is determined that there are no interface defects and cracks between the ceramic particles and the metal matrix, and when the ceramic particles are evenly distributed in the metal matrix, the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material is continuously filled and stacked by an additive manufacturing process to prepare a ceramic particle metal matrix component, wherein the state of the ceramic particles being chemically or physically embedded in the metal matrix can be observed by the visual sensor 2, and the contact angle of the liquid metal on the surface of the matrix can be reduced, so as to detect the fusion and bonding state of the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material in each layer in real time, thereby promoting the uniform distribution of the ceramic particles in the metal matrix, reducing defects such as pores and cracks caused by poor wetting, and improving the performance of the ceramic particle metal matrix component 8.

[0033] In a possible implementation, the physical vapor deposition process includes a vacuum evaporation coating process, a vacuum sputtering coating process and a vacuum ion coating process to prepare a coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire 1 .

[0034] The vacuum evaporation coating process refers to the process of depositing ceramic particles onto the surface of the welding wire 1 by physical or chemical methods in a highly vacuum environment to form a coating. This process involves evaporation, condensation and chemical reactions of the material, ultimately achieving the improvement and enhancement of the surface properties of the welding wire 1. The vacuum environment provides dust-free and low-gas interference conditions, which helps to obtain a high-purity, high-uniformity film layer; The sputtering effect of the vacuum sputtering coating process is a physical phenomenon caused by high-energy ions bombarding the solid surface. The core of this process lies in the transfer of kinetic energy: when ions (usually argon ions) gain enough kinetic energy under electric field acceleration and hit the target surface, the kinetic energy is transferred to the surface atoms, causing the ceramic atoms to detach from the target surface and form an atomic gas phase. The gas phase ceramic atoms are then deposited on the welding wire 1 to form a coating. The efficiency of the sputtering effect is closely related to the energy of the incident ions and the binding energy of the target atoms. The bombardment of high-energy ions can usually effectively increase the sputtering rate; The process of vacuum ion plating is to connect the evaporation source to the anode and the workpiece to the cathode. When a high voltage direct current of three to five kilovolts is applied, arc discharge is generated between the evaporation source and the workpiece. Since the vacuum cover is filled with inert argon gas, part of the argon gas is ionized under the action of the discharge electric field, thereby forming a plasma dark area around the cathode workpiece. The positively charged argon ions are attracted by the negative high voltage of the cathode and violently bombard the surface of the welding wire 1, causing the surface particles and dirt of the welding wire 1 to be splashed out, so that the surface of the welding wire 1 to be plated is fully cleaned by ion bombardment. Subsequently, the evaporation source AC power supply is turned on, the ceramic particles melt and evaporate, enter the glow discharge area and are ionized. The positively charged ceramic particle ions, attracted by the cathode, rush to the welding wire 1 together with the argon ions. When the evaporated material ions on the surface of the welding wire 1 exceed the number of splashed ions, they gradually accumulate to form a coating that firmly adheres to the surface of the welding wire 1.

[0035] In a possible implementation, the vacuum evaporation coating process for preparing a coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire 1 includes the following steps: The welding wire 1 is located in the coating chamber 3, and the vacuum pump 5 is started to gradually reduce the pressure in the coating chamber 3 so that the coating chamber 3 is vacuumed. According to the melting point of the ceramic particles, the evaporation source heating device 41 is set and started to start coating the welding wire 1, and a coating containing ceramic particles is prepared on the surface of the welding wire 1; or, The vacuum sputtering coating process for preparing a coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire 1 comprises the following steps: The welding wire 1 is located in the coating chamber 3, a sputtering target is selected, the sputtering target is fixed on the sputtering device 42, the distance between the welding wire 1 and the sputtering target is adjusted, the vacuum pump 5 is started to gradually reduce the pressure in the coating chamber 3, so that the coating chamber 3 is vacuumed, and then argon gas is injected into the coating chamber 3 as a sputtering working gas, and the sputtering power supply is started to sputter ceramic particles under the bombardment of argon ions, so as to prepare a coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire 1; or, The vacuum ion plating process for preparing a coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire 1 comprises the following steps: The welding wire 1 is located in the coating chamber 3. After selecting a suitable ceramic material, the vacuum pump 5 is started to gradually reduce the pressure in the coating chamber 3 to create a vacuum in the coating chamber 3. At the same time, argon gas is injected into the coating chamber 3 as an ionization and sputtering working gas. The heater is started, and the ceramic particles evaporate into atoms and are ejected from the electron gun 43. Under the action of high-energy ions, a coating containing ceramic particles is prepared on the surface of the welding wire 1.

[0036] In a possible implementation, the time for the physical vapor deposition process to uniformly prepare a coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire 1 is changed to adjust the coating content of ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire 1. In a specific application, when it is necessary to increase the coating content uniformly containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire 1, the time for the physical vapor deposition process to treat the coating of the welding wire 1 is extended; when it is necessary to reduce the coating content uniformly containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire 1, the time for the physical vapor deposition process to treat the coating of the welding wire 1 is shortened, thereby dynamically adjusting the welding wire 1 to achieve an ideal ceramic particle content, thereby solving the problem of cracks caused by stress concentration caused by poor interface bonding strength between ceramic particles and the metal matrix and uneven distribution of ceramic particles.

[0037] In a possible implementation, a 2205 stainless steel plate 7 is selected as the substrate, and a welding wire 1 is selected as the coating substrate, and a TiN ceramic particle coating can be prepared on its surface by a vacuum sputtering coating method. The prepared welding wire 1 containing the TiN ceramic particle coating is subjected to additive manufacturing by a laser 6 to obtain a metal-based composite material. After the additive process is completed, attention is paid to the internal structure (check whether there are defects inside the workpiece), material properties (evaluate the material properties of the workpiece), and microstructure (grain size, grain boundary distribution, etc.) of the ceramic particle metal-based component 8.

[0038] For the comparative experiment, the welding wire 1 without coating was selected to perform additive manufacturing on the substrate 2205 stainless steel plate 7. After the additive process is completed, the internal structure of the ceramic particle metal-based component 8 (check whether there are defects inside the workpiece), material properties (evaluate the material properties of the workpiece), microstructure (grain size, grain boundary distribution, etc.), etc. are focused on.

[0039] The experimental results are shown in the following table. A welding wire 1 containing a TiN ceramic particle coating is used for additive manufacturing of a ceramic particle metal-based component 8 of a metal-based ceramic composite material. As the ceramic particle content on the surface of the welding wire 1 increases, the ceramic particle metal-based component 8 shows an overall microstructure of gradually finer grains and a gradually larger angle of the crystal interface, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the ceramic particle metal-based component 8; the ceramic particle metal-based component 8 shows an overall decrease in surface roughness and an improvement in surface quality in macroscopic morphology; the ceramic particle metal-based component 8 shows an overall disappearance of cracks in internal structural defects; the ceramic particle metal-based component 8 shows an overall improvement in yield strength in terms of tensile strength; in addition, the high hardness and strength of TiN ceramic particles enhance the overall strength and hardness of the composite material; the high temperature stability of TiN ceramic particles improves the performance of the composite material at high temperatures; the addition of TiN ceramic particles also reduces the thermal expansion coefficient of the material and improves dimensional stability; in terms of corrosion resistance, the composite material exhibits better stability in harsh environments through the introduction of TiN ceramic particles.

[0040]

[0041] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material by additive manufacturing, characterized in that: Includes steps: S1. Select welding wire; S2, cleaning the welding wire by ultrasonic cleaning; S3, uniformly preparing a coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire by a physical vapor deposition process; S4, stacking the welding wire containing the ceramic particle coating layer layer by layer through an additive manufacturing process to construct a three-dimensional solid structure; S5, detecting and identifying the fusion and bonding state of the ceramic particles and the metal matrix after each layer of stacked materials through a visual sensor; S6. Prepare ceramic particle metal-based components.

2. The method for preparing a ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material by additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The additive manufacturing processes include laser melting deposition, electron beam melting and direct energy deposition.

3. The method for preparing a ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material by additive manufacturing according to claim 2, characterized in that: After each layer of the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material is filled by the additive manufacturing process, the visual sensor detects and identifies the fusion and bonding state of the layer of the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material.

4. The method for preparing a ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material by additive manufacturing according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the visual sensor detects and identifies that the fusion of the first layer of ceramic particle metal matrix composite material has interface defects, the coating content of the ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire is changed for the first time through the physical vapor deposition process in step S3.

5. The method for preparing a ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material by additive manufacturing according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: When the visual sensor detects and identifies that the fusion of the first layer of ceramic particle metal matrix composite material reaches an ideal state, the second layer of ceramic particle metal matrix composite material is filled through the additive manufacturing process, and the visual sensor detects and identifies the bonding state of this layer of ceramic particle metal matrix composite material.

6. The method for preparing a ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material by additive manufacturing according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the visual sensor detects and identifies that cracks exist in the bonding between the first layer and the second layer of the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material, the coating content of the ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire is changed for the second time through the physical vapor deposition process in step S3.

7. The method for preparing a ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material by additive manufacturing according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the visual sensor detects and identifies that the fusion and bonding of the first layer and the second layer of the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material have reached an ideal state, the ceramic particle metal matrix composite material is continuously filled and stacked through the additive manufacturing process to prepare a ceramic particle metal matrix component.

8. The method for preparing a ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material by additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The physical vapor deposition process includes a vacuum evaporation coating process, a vacuum sputtering coating process and a vacuum ion coating process to prepare a coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire.

9. The method for preparing a ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material by additive manufacturing according to claim 8, characterized in that: The vacuum evaporation coating process for preparing a coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire comprises the following steps: The welding wire is located in a coating chamber, a vacuum pump is started to gradually reduce the pressure in the coating chamber so that a vacuum is generated in the coating chamber, and an evaporation source heating device is set and started according to the melting point of the evaporated substance to start coating the welding wire, so as to prepare a coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire; or, The vacuum sputtering coating process for preparing a coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire comprises the following steps: The welding wire is located in the coating chamber, a sputtering target is selected, the sputtering target is fixed on a sputtering device, the distance between the welding wire and the sputtering target is adjusted, a vacuum pump is started to gradually reduce the pressure in the coating chamber so that a vacuum is generated in the coating chamber, argon gas is then injected into the coating chamber as a sputtering working gas, a sputtering power supply is started so that the target is sputtered under the bombardment of argon ions, and a coating containing ceramic particles is prepared on the surface of the welding wire; or, The vacuum ion plating process for preparing a coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire comprises the following steps: The welding wire is located in a coating chamber. After selecting a suitable evaporation source material, the vacuum pump is started to gradually reduce the pressure in the coating chamber so that a vacuum is generated in the coating chamber. At the same time, argon gas is injected into the coating chamber as an ionization and sputtering working gas. The heater is started, and the film material evaporates into atoms and is ejected from the electron gun. Under the action of high-energy ions, a coating containing ceramic particles is prepared on the surface of the welding wire.

10. The method for preparing a ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material by additive manufacturing according to claim 8, characterized in that: The time for uniformly preparing a coating containing ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire by a physical vapor deposition process is changed to adjust the coating content of ceramic particles on the surface of the welding wire.

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