Ecological restoration method suitable for river bank slope in mountainous area

Abstract

The river ecological restoration system comprises an aquatic animal habitat restoration area arranged on an undisturbed river and a gabion bank slope protection system arranged on a natural protection slope of the undisturbed river, a river buffer zone system is arranged on the gabion bank slope protection system, and a leisure footpath is arranged on the river buffer zone system. The way of combining aquatic animal habitat restoration, gabion revetment, river channel buffer zone greening and leisure footpath is adopted, namely, the aquatic animal habitat is restored by planting submerged and emergent aquatic plants, the biological diversity of the river channel is further enriched, the slope of the river channel is protected by utilizing gabion, the slope surface is reinforced, and the ecological environment is protected. The ecological restoration method has the advantages that river bank erosion caused by flood is relieved, bank slope stability is improved, slope greening is performed through river buffer zone greening, water and soil loss of a slope body is further reduced, influence and damage of human activities to a river ecological system are effectively relieved through a formed physical isolation zone, ecological restoration results are protected, and the ecological restoration effect is improved. The leisure footpath is arranged on the upper side of the riverway buffer zone, so that farming life of surrounding residents can be facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of river channel ecological restoration, and in particular to an ecological restoration method for river channel bank slopes in mountainous areas. Background Art

[0002] Rivers are an important channel of hydrological cycle on Earth and play a very important role in the material cycle of the biosphere. They have functions such as water transport and flood discharge, climate regulation, water supply and power generation, landscape entertainment and ecological balance. They are one of the most important ecosystems in nature.

[0003] With the solid advancement of the country's ecological civilization construction, people pay more and more attention to ecological environment governance and have higher and higher requirements for the quality of life. In the traditional river bank protection process, concrete or block stones are usually piled up along the river bank to enhance the stability of the river and control soil erosion along the river. Although this method has a certain practical governance effect, it also brings negative effects on ecology and watershed landscape. It artificially cuts off the symbiotic relationship between the river bank and the river, causing the vulnerability of the watershed ecosystem to increase and damage the habitat of aquatic animals in the river, and has adverse effects on the self-purification capacity of the watershed. In order to take into account the landscape ecology, some scholars have proposed vegetation planting bank protection. Although this scheme can improve the landscape effect, it cannot guarantee the flood safety and bank stability of the river bank protection, and cannot effectively alleviate bank scouring and soil erosion.

[0004] Small rivers in the mountainous areas of Guizhou Province are affected by factors such as topography, geological conditions, etc., and have the characteristics of short confluence time, steep terrain, complex flow pattern, high flow velocity, extremely irregular shoreline and large slope. This also makes the mountainous river channel have steep rise and fall, serious river hydraulic erosion, large water flow impact force and large amount of sand, and the stability of river bank slope is prominent. At the same time, the cultivated land on both sides of the river is severely eroded, soil erosion is serious, and soil fertility is reduced. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a method for ecological restoration of river bank slopes in mountainous areas, so as to solve the problems of unstable bank slopes of small rivers in mountainous areas, serious scouring of cultivated land on both sides of the river, and serious soil erosion.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for ecological restoration of river bank slopes in mountainous areas, comprising an aquatic animal habitat restoration area set up on an original river and a gabion stone cage bank slope protection system set up on the natural slope protection of the original river, a river buffer zone system being set up on the gabion stone cage bank slope protection system, and a leisure trail being set up on the river buffer zone system.

[0007] Furthermore, the aquatic animal habitat restoration area includes submerged plants and emergent plants from bottom to top. The submerged plant species are one or a combination of Vallisneria, Potamogeton, Foxtail Algae, and Hydrilla. The emergent plant species are one or a combination of reed, cattail, yellow iris, water plantain, water celery, pickerel grass, and aquatic canna, and native plants are preferred to be the main ones.

[0008] Furthermore, the gabion stone cage slope revetment system comprises, from bottom to top, a rubble stone cushion layer, a crushed stone cushion layer, a gabion stone cage slope protection layer and a concrete capping layer.

[0009] Furthermore, the gabion gabion slope revetment system uses permeable non-woven fabrics to block the soil on the side of the gabion gabion slope protection. The non-woven fabrics should be spliced ​​by sewing and tightly connected to the embankment and fill with U-shaped nails. The connection section should not be less than 15 cm or as required by the specifications. The mass per unit area of ​​the non-woven fabric should not be less than 300 g / m2.

[0010] Furthermore, the gabion stone cage slope protection can be a single-layer or multi-layer structure. If it is a single-layer structure, the water-facing surface of the gabion stone cage is upright and the width of the top of the embankment is 1m; if it is a multi-layer structure, the water-facing surface of the gabion stone cage is stepped, the step is 1m high and 0.5m wide, the back slope is vertical, and the width of the top of the embankment is 1m; the gabion mesh material is made of PVC-coated high-galvanized low-carbon steel wire, the mesh size of the gabion mesh is 10cm~15cm, and the inner diameter of the filling stone is 15~30cm.

[0011] Furthermore, the particle size of the rubble in the rubble cushion layer is preferably 30 to 45 cm, and the particle size of the crushed stone in the crushed stone cushion layer is preferably 20 to 40 mm.

[0012] Furthermore, the river buffer zone system comprises, from bottom to top, a shrub and grass plant area and a tree and grass plant planting area. The shrub and grass plant area is formed by a combination of shrubs and herbaceous plants, and the tree and grass plant area is formed by a combination of trees and herbaceous plants. The trees include taller plants such as weeping willow, metasequoia, camphor, osmanthus, red maple, red leaf plum, white magnolia, and cherry blossom. The shrub plants include one or a combination of red leaf photinia, azalea, winter jasmine, rose, rose, golden anise, and privet. The herbaceous plants include one or a combination of herbaceous ground cover plants such as californica, green moss, cicada flower, Achyranthes bidentata, lotus root, Alternaria japonica, Bidens pilosa, Bahia grass, Iris, Cynodon dactylon, and Aglaonema microphylla. It is preferred that native plants be the main ones.

[0013] Furthermore, the leisure trail comprises, from bottom to top, a block stone cushion layer, a crushed stone cushion layer, a cement mortar layer and a bluestone slab.

[0014] Furthermore, the width of the leisure trail should be 1.5m, the thickness of the block stone cushion layer should be 20cm, and the particle size should be 30-45cm; the thickness of the crushed stone cushion layer should be 10cm, and the particle size should be 20-40mm; the thickness of the C25 cement mortar should be 5cm, the thickness of the bluestone slab should be 5cm, and a single bluestone slab should be 80cm long, 50cm wide and 5cm thick.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. By setting up an aquatic animal habitat restoration area and planting submerged plants and emergent plants, the river ecological environment is improved, providing a good habitat for aquatic animals such as fish, shrimp, and crabs. 2. The use of the gabion stone cage slope protection system can effectively alleviate the scouring of the river bank by floods and improve the stability of the bank slope. 3. The river buffer zone system is planted with a variety of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants, which not only beautifies the environment, but also enhances the soil retention capacity through the plant root system, further enhances the stability of the bank slope, and effectively alleviates the impact and damage of human activities on the river ecosystem, protecting the results of ecological restoration. 4. The laying of leisure trails on the upper side of the river buffer zone can facilitate the farming life of surrounding residents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 The present invention is a structural schematic diagram of a method for ecological restoration of river bank slopes in mountainous areas. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0018] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: gabion stone cage slope protection system 1, rubble stone cushion layer 11, crushed stone cushion layer 12, gabion stone cage 13, concrete capping 14, non-woven fabric 15, river buffer zone system 2, shrub and grass plant area 21, tree and grass plant area 22, leisure trail 3, block stone cushion layer 31, crushed stone cushion layer 32, cement mortar layer 33, bluestone slab 34, curbstone 35, aquatic animal habitat restoration area 4, submerged plants 41, emergent plants 42.

[0019] The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached Figure 1As shown: a method for ecological restoration of river bank slopes in mountainous areas, including a gabion gabion bank slope protection system 1, a river buffer zone system 2, a leisure trail 3, and an aquatic animal habitat restoration area 4. The structural cross-section is from bottom to top an aquatic animal habitat restoration area 4, a gabion gabion bank slope protection system 1, a river buffer zone system 2 and a leisure trail 3, the aquatic animal habitat restoration area 4 is at the bottom, the gabion gabion bank slope protection system 1 is in the middle and lower part, the river buffer zone system 2 is in the middle and upper part, and the leisure trail 3 is at the top. The river buffer zone system 2 is between the gabion gabion bank slope protection system 1 and the leisure trail 3. After the construction of the gabion gabion bank slope protection system 1 is completed, the river buffer zone system 2 is planted on the slope of the gabion gabion bank slope protection system 1 in a combination of grass, shrubs and trees. The leisure trail 3 is constructed on the upper side of the river buffer zone system 2 after it is planted.

[0020] The gabion gabion slope protection system 1 comprises a rubble stone cushion layer 11, a crushed stone cushion layer 12, a gabion gabion 13, a concrete top layer 14, and a non-woven fabric 15. The structural cross-sections are respectively the rubble stone cushion layer 11, the crushed stone cushion layer 12, the gabion gabion 13 and the concrete top layer 14 from bottom to top, and the non-woven fabric 15 is on the inner side of the gabion gabion 13.

[0021] When the gabion stone cage slope protection system 1 is constructed, the rough stone cushion layer 11 is first laid by machine on the lower side of the excavated gabion stone cage 13 where the gabion stone cage 13 is to be laid. The laying amount is determined by the foundation conditions on site and the foundation bearing capacity required by the gabion stone cage 13; the crushed stone cushion layer 12 needs to be evenly spread on the rough stone cushion layer 11 by machine and manual cooperation after the construction of the rough stone cushion layer 11 is completed. The laying is even, full and dense, and the layer thickness is uniform and meets the requirements; the non-woven fabric 15 is evenly and neatly spread on the slope on the back side of the gabion stone cage 13, and the connection between the non-woven fabric 15 and the crushed stone cushion layer 12 needs to be pressed. The side of the gabion gabion cage 13 is 50cm, firmly fixed and tightly connected; the gabion gabion cage 13 needs to be built according to the gabion gabion cage 13 standard atlas by mechanical and manual cooperation after the construction of the gravel layer is completed, and the rectangular blocks with a height of 1m per layer are stacked on the gravel layer. If the gabion gabion cage 13 slope protection is a single-layer structure, the water-facing surface of the gabion gabion cage 13 is upright and the width of the embankment top is 1m; if the gabion gabion cage 13 slope protection is a multi-layer structure, the water-facing surface of the gabion gabion cage 13 is stepped, each step is 1m high and 0.5m wide, the back slope is vertical, the width of the embankment top is 1m, and the surface is flat; the gabion mesh material adopts PVC coated high Galvanized low-carbon steel wire, the tensile strength, galvanizing amount and tolerance range of the steel wire base material shall comply with BSIO52 and BSENIO244-1-2001 international standards, the tensile strength shall not be less than 380MPa, and the elongation shall not be less than 10%; the wire diameter is 2.5mm / 3.5mmPVC, the zinc content shall not be less than 245g / cm; the edge wire diameter is 3.4mm / 4.4mmPVC, the galvanizing amount shall not be less than 265g / m; the gabion mesh is treated with galvanized anti-corrosion, the tensile strength of the gabion mesh surface is 50KN / m, and the flanging strength is 3 5KN / m, in line with EN10223-3 standard, the mesh size should be strictly controlled at 10cm~15cm, the inner diameter of the filling stone should be 15~30cm, and the gabions should be tightly, firmly and neatly connected to each other; the concrete capping 14 is poured on the top of the gabion gabion 13, and the concrete capping 14 is poured with C25 concrete material, with a thickness of 10cm and a width of 1.0m; the non-woven fabric 15 is arranged and laid on the back side of the gabion gabion 13 after the construction of the concrete capping 14 is completed, so as to effectively prevent soil erosion in the earth and stone backfill area behind the wall after the construction of the gabion gabion slope protection system 1.

[0022] The river buffer zone system 2 includes a shrub and grass plant area 21 and a tree and grass plant area 22. The shrub and grass plant area 21 is composed of a combination of shrubs and herbaceous plants, and the tree and grass plant area 22 is composed of a combination of trees and herbaceous plants. By selecting soil and water conservation plants with developed root systems and branches and leaves, the soil is effectively fixed and rainwater is intercepted, thereby further enhancing the stability of the slope. The trees are preferably tall plants such as weeping willow, metasequoia, camphor, osmanthus, red maple, red leaf plum, white magnolia, and cherry blossom. The shrubs are preferably matched with flowering plants such as red leaf photinia, azalea, forsythia, rose, rose, golden anise, and privet. The bottom layer is planted with herbaceous plants such as californica, green moss, cicada flower, Achyranthes bidentata, lotus, Alternaria japonica, Bidens pilosa, Bahia grass, Iris, Cynodon dactylon, and Tripterygium wilfordii. Planting one or a combination of them can form a diverse seasonal landscape, enhance the beauty of the river, and at the same time form a good physical isolation zone, effectively alleviate the impact and damage of human activities on the river ecosystem, and protect the results of ecological restoration.

[0023] The leisure trail 3 includes a block stone cushion layer 31, a crushed stone cushion layer 12, a cement mortar layer 33, a bluestone slab 34 and a curbstone 35; the block stone cushion layer 31 is laid on the compacted ground, and the block stone particle size is preferably 30-45cm and the thickness is 20cm; the crushed stone cushion layer 12 is laid on the block stone cushion layer 31, and the crushed stone particle size is preferably 20-200mm and the thickness is 10cm; the cement mortar layer 33 is laid on the leveling of the crushed stone cushion layer 12, and the concrete strength is C25 and the thickness is 5cm; the bluestone slab 34 is laid on the cement mortar layer 33, and the bluestone slab 34 is mainly paved with stone strips processed from local sandstone and stone materials, and a single stone strip is 80cm long, 50cm wide and 5cm thick; before laying the bluestone slab 34, it is necessary to set curbstones 35 at both ends of the cement mortar layer 33, and the curbstone 35 is composed of C25 concrete, with a width of 15cm and a thickness of 5cm.

[0024] The aquatic animal habitat restoration area 4 includes submerged plants 41 and emergent plants 42; the submerged plants 41 include one or several combinations of Vallisneria, Potamogeton, Myriophyllum paniculate, and Hydrilla; the emergent plants 42 include one or several combinations of reed, cattail, yellow iris, water plantain, water celery, pickerel grass, and aquatic canna; by planting submerged plants 41 and emergent plants 42, the habitat of aquatic animals such as river fish, shrimp, and crabs is further restored. In practical applications, if the revetment is a vertical hardened revetment, the aquatic animal habitat restoration area 4 needs to be planted in an artificial floating island manner, and the plants are evenly inserted into the nutrient trough of the floating island, and the floating island is fixed to the revetment.

[0025] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several deformations and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of river banks and slopes in mountainous areas, characterized by: It includes an aquatic animal habitat restoration area set up on the original river and a gabion gabion slope protection system set up on the original river natural slope protection. A river buffer zone system is set on the gabion gabion slope protection system, and a leisure trail is set on the river buffer zone system.

2. The method for ecological restoration of river banks and slopes in mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aquatic animal habitat restoration area includes submerged plants and emergent plants from bottom to top. The submerged plant species are one or a combination of Vallisneria, Potamogeton, Foxtail Algae, and Hydrilla. The emergent plant species are one or a combination of reed, cattail, yellow iris, water plantain, water celery, pickerel grass, and aquatic canna, and native plants are preferred to be the main ones.

3. The method for ecological restoration of river banks and slopes in mountainous areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gabion stone cage slope protection system comprises, from bottom to top, a rough stone cushion layer, a crushed stone cushion layer, a gabion stone cage slope protection layer and a concrete top.

4. The ecological restoration method for river bank slopes in mountainous areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The gabion stone cage slope protection system uses permeable non-woven fabrics to block the soil on the side of the gabion stone cage slope protection. The splicing of the non-woven fabrics should be sutured and tightly connected to the embankment and fill with U-shaped nails. The connection section should not be less than 15cm or as required by the specifications. The mass per unit area of ​​the non-woven fabric should not be less than 300g / ㎡.

5. The method for ecological restoration of river banks and slopes in mountainous areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: The gabion stone cage slope protection can be a single-layer or multi-layer structure. If it is a single-layer structure, the water-facing surface of the gabion stone cage is upright and the width of the top of the embankment is 1m; if it is a multi-layer structure, the water-facing surface of the gabion stone cage is stepped, the step is 1m high and 0.5m wide, the back slope is vertical, and the width of the top of the embankment is 1m; the gabion mesh material is made of PVC-coated high-galvanized low-carbon steel wire, the mesh size of the gabion mesh is 10cm~15cm, and the inner diameter of the filling stone is 15~30cm.

6. The ecological restoration method for river bank slopes in mountainous areas according to claim 5, characterized in that: The particle size of the rubble in the rubble cushion layer should be 30 to 45 cm, and the particle size of the crushed stone in the crushed stone cushion layer should be 20 to 40 mm.

7. The ecological restoration method for river bank slopes in mountainous areas according to claim 6, characterized in that: The river buffer zone system includes, from bottom to top, shrub and grass plant areas and tree and grass plant planting areas. The shrub and grass plant areas are planted in combination of shrubs and herbaceous plants, and the tree and grass plant areas are planted in combination of trees and herbaceous plants. The trees include taller plants such as weeping willow, metasequoia, camphor, osmanthus, red maple, red leaf plum, white magnolia, and cherry blossom. The shrub plants include one or a combination of red leaf photinia, azalea, jasmine, rose, rose, golden anise, and privet. The herbaceous plants include one or a combination of herbaceous plants such as californica, green moss, cicada flower, Achyranthes bidentata, lotus root, Alternaria japonica, Bidens pilosa, Bahia grass, Iris, Cynodon dactylon, and Aquilegia microphylla. Native plants are preferred to be the main ones.

8. The ecological restoration method for river bank slopes in mountainous areas according to claim 7, characterized in that: The leisure trail comprises a block stone cushion layer, a crushed stone cushion layer, a cement mortar layer and a bluestone slab from bottom to top.

9. The ecological restoration method for river bank slopes in mountainous areas according to claim 8, characterized in that: The width of the leisure trail should be 1.5m, the thickness of the stone cushion layer should be 20cm, and the particle size should be 30-45cm; the thickness of the crushed stone cushion layer should be 10cm, and the particle size should be 20-40mm; the thickness of C25 cement mortar should be 5cm, the thickness of bluestone slab should be 5cm, and a single bluestone slab should be 80cm long, 50cm wide and 5cm thick.

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