Continuous room-temperature microwave lasing method and device based on Rydberg atomic gas chamber

Abstract

The invention discloses a continuous room temperature microwave lasing method and device based on a Rydberg atom gas chamber. The device comprises a rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber, an open type microwave cavity, a one-dimensional vertical lifting platform, a laser, a coaxial converter, a radio frequency cable, a low noise amplifier and a frequency spectrograph. According to the invention, the resonant frequency of the open type microwave cavity is tuned to resonate with the pulse transition frequency of the Rydberg atoms by utilizing the long service life of the Rydberg atoms and the naturally satisfied population inversion, the continuous pulse signals of the Rydberg atoms are generated under the action of the open type microwave cavity, and finally the pulse signals are amplified by the low-noise amplifier, so that the pulse signals of the Rydberg atoms are obtained. Through staggered pumping of Rydberg atoms, the continuous room-temperature pulse emitting device based on the Rydberg atom air chamber is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of quantum sensing and quantum precision measurement, and in particular to a continuous room temperature microwave lasing method and device based on a Rydberg atomic gas chamber. Background Art

[0002] Maser, whose full name is Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, is a quantum device that uses the resonant interaction between electromagnetic waves in the microwave band and quantum systems such as atoms or molecules to obtain amplified signals or oscillations in the microwave band.

[0003] As the predecessor of optical lasers, masers have always been limited in their application in many scenarios due to their reliance on low-temperature refrigeration systems and high-vacuum systems. However, due to its potential superior performance as a low-noise amplifier, it has broad application prospects in deep space communications and radio astronomy. In the past, a research team used an organic molecule, pentacene-doped p-terphenyl (pentacene: p-terphenyl), to achieve room temperature pulse masers and solid-state masers with continuous excitation at room temperature using optically pumped diamond NV color centers. However, the heat dissipation performance of p-terphenyl-doped pentacene can only observe short-term excited pulse masers, and the optically pumped diamond NV color center system requires the addition of a strong magnetic field to achieve population inversion.

[0004] Here, we propose a method and device for realizing continuous room-temperature maser based on Rydberg atomic gas chamber. By utilizing the long lifetime of Rydberg atoms and the naturally satisfied population inversion condition, the dislocation pumping of Rydberg atoms is realized through the design of atomic gas chamber and open microwave cavity, and continuous microwave maser at room temperature can be realized without high vacuum system and strong magnetic field. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a continuous room-temperature microwave lasing method and device based on a Rydberg atomic gas chamber, which has a simple structure, does not require a low-temperature refrigeration system and a high vacuum system, and has strong feasibility.

[0006] To achieve the above invention objectives, on the one hand, the present application proposes a continuous room temperature microwave lasing device based on a Rydberg atomic gas cell, comprising a rectangular alkali metal atomic gas cell, an open microwave cavity, a one-dimensional vertical lifting platform and a laser;

[0007] A circular coupling hole is provided at the bottom center of the open microwave cavity, and the rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber is placed directly above the circular coupling hole;

[0008] The one-dimensional vertical lifting platform is connected to the bottom of the open microwave cavity and is used to tune the resonance frequency of the open microwave cavity;

[0009] The standing wave field in the open microwave cavity overlaps with the square alkali metal atom gas chamber;

[0010] The laser is used to emit detection light and coupling light, to excite the atoms in the square alkali metal atom gas chamber to the Rydberg state and to realize continuous room temperature microwave lasing of the Rydberg atoms, thereby generating a maser signal.

[0011] Further, the device also includes an axis converter, a radio frequency cable, a low noise amplifier and a spectrum analyzer;

[0012] The coaxial converter is connected to the open microwave cavity, and couples the maser signal into the radio frequency cable. After being amplified by the low noise amplifier, the maser signal is transmitted to the spectrum analyzer via another section of radio frequency cable.

[0013] Furthermore, the open microwave cavity is composed of a hemispherical mirror and a plane mirror, the circular coupling hole is located on the plane mirror, the hemispherical mirror is fixed directly above the plane mirror, the plane mirror is connected to the one-dimensional vertical lifting platform, and the hemispherical mirror and the plane mirror are made of copper with silver-plated surface.

[0014] Furthermore, the rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber is made of quartz and is filled with alkali metal atom gas. The atoms in the rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber can perform thermal motion within the space range of two antinodes and one node of the open microwave cavity.

[0015] Furthermore, the long axis direction of the coaxial converter is parallel to the long axis direction of the rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber to ensure that the polarization direction of the electromagnetic field in the open microwave cavity is the same as the polarization direction of the electromagnetic field in the coaxial converter.

[0016] Furthermore, the device also includes a circulator, which includes an input end, an output end and an isolation end, the isolation end is connected to the coaxial converter, the input end is used to receive an external signal, and the output end is connected to the radio frequency cable.

[0017] On the other hand, the present application also proposes a continuous room temperature microwave lasing method based on a Rydberg atomic gas cell, comprising the following steps:

[0018] Step 301, placing a rectangular alkali metal atom gas cell into an open microwave cavity and placing it just above the circular coupling hole;

[0019] Step 302, the detection light and the coupling light are reversely overlapped and injected into the rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber, and the position where the detection light and the coupling light overlap is at the node of the standing wave formed by the open microwave cavity, so as to excite the Rydberg atoms;

[0020] Step 303, adjust the one-dimensional vertical lifting platform to make the resonant cavity frequency of the open microwave cavity resonate with the frequency of the Rydberg atom maser transition, so that the Rydberg atoms excited at the node of the standing wave field fly to the antinode of the standing wave field under thermal motion and generate a maser signal.

[0021] Furthermore, the step 301 specifically includes:

[0022] The hemispherical mirror of the open microwave cavity is fixed, the plane mirror is connected to a one-dimensional vertical lifting platform, and a coaxial converter is placed and fixed under the circular coupling hole of the plane mirror to couple the electromagnetic field in the open microwave cavity. A rectangular alkali metal atom gas cell is placed on the circular coupling hole of the plane mirror of the open microwave cavity, and the long axis of the gas cell needs to be parallel to the long axis of the coaxial converter to ensure that the polarization direction of the electromagnetic field in the open microwave cavity is consistent with the polarization direction in the coaxial converter.

[0023] Furthermore, the step 302 specifically includes:

[0024] Optical fiber is used to transmit the probe light and coupling light generated by two tunable lasers into the rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber from both ends respectively. The probe light and coupling light coincide with the atomic clusters at the node positions in the open microwave cavity. Under the joint action of the probe light and coupling light, staggered pumping is achieved to excite the atoms to the Rydberg state, resulting in observable electromagnetically induced transparency.

[0025] Furthermore, the step 303 specifically includes:

[0026] After observing the electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon, the cavity length of the open microwave cavity was tuned by adjusting the height of the one-dimensional vertical translation stage so that the resonance frequency of the microwave cavity resonated with the maser transition frequency of the atoms, so that the Rydberg atoms pumped at the nodes could fly to the antinodes of the standing wave through thermal motion, strongly couple with the microwave mode at the antinodes of the standing wave and generate maser signals, thus generating continuous maser signals of Rydberg atoms pumped at the nodes.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least:

[0028] 1. The present invention is based on the continuous room temperature microwave lasing method of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber, combined with the particle number inversion conditions naturally satisfied by the Rydberg atoms, and does not require an external strong magnetic field to achieve particle number inversion, and does not require a complex low-temperature refrigeration system and a high vacuum system.

[0029] 2. The present invention is based on a continuous room-temperature microwave maser device of a Rydberg atomic gas chamber, which realizes the dislocation of the preparation of Rydberg atoms and the emission of Rydberg masers in space through dislocation pumping, and the emission of Rydberg masers does not affect the preparation of Rydberg atoms, thereby realizing the continuous emission of Rydberg masers.

[0030] 3. The continuous room temperature microwave maser device based on the Rydberg atomic gas chamber of the present invention can resonate with the Rydberg maser emission frequencies of different frequencies by tuning the resonant cavity frequency of the open microwave cavity, thereby realizing Rydberg continuous maser emission of different frequencies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the continuous room temperature microwave lasing device based on the Rydberg atomic gas chamber of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the energy level structure of the continuous room temperature microwave lasing process based on the Rydberg atomic gas chamber of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the device for amplifying weak signals based on continuous room-temperature microwave masering of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4 The figure is a flow chart of the continuous room temperature microwave lasing method based on the Rydberg atomic gas chamber of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 The present invention is a flow chart of realizing weak signal amplification based on continuous room temperature maser of Rydberg atomic gas chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be pointed out that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides a continuous room-temperature microwave lasing device based on a Rydberg atomic gas chamber, comprising a rectangular alkali metal atomic gas chamber 1, an open microwave cavity plane mirror 3, an open microwave cavity hemispherical mirror 4, a circular coupling hole 5, a coaxial converter 8, a radio frequency cable 9, a low-noise amplifier 10, a spectrometer 11 and a one-dimensional vertical lifting platform 12.

[0039] Figure 2 The energy level structure diagram of the Rydberg maser signal generated by the atoms in the rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber 1 is shown. Taking the rubidium 87 atom as an example, 201(5S 1 / 2 ,F=2,mF=2) is the ground state of rubidium atom, 202(5P 3 / 2 ,F=3) is the intermediate excited state of the rubidium atom, 203(63D 5 / 2 ) and 204(64P 3 / 2 ) are two Rydberg states of the rubidium atom; 209 is the detection light with a wavelength of 780nm, 210 is the coupling light with a wavelength of 480nm; 211 is the Rydberg state 63D 5 / 2 →64P 3 / 2 The pulsator signal microwave with a frequency of 8.365481 GHz is a transition resonance between the two frequencies. 1 / 2 ,F=2,mF=1) is the ground state of rubidium atom, 206(5P 3 / 2 ,F=2) is the intermediate excited state of the rubidium atom, 201(5S 1 / 2 ,F=2,mF=2) is the ground state of the rubidium atom, 207 is the return pump light with a wavelength of 795nm. 208 is the light that falls to 201(5S 1 / 2 ,F=2,mF=2) of light wave photons.

[0040] When the detection light 209 and the coupling light 210 are incident on the rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber 1 in opposite directions, an electromagnetically induced transparent window is formed. At this time, the power of the detection light 209 is increased, and the detection light 209 and the coupling light 210 are increased. 3 / 2 ,F=3) detuning, and observed that the electromagnetically induced transparent window turned into an electromagnetically induced absorption window. By tuning the resonant cavity frequency of the open microwave cavity, the 203(63D 5 / 2 ) and 204(63P 3 / 2 ) has a 211 transition resonance with a frequency of 8.365481 GHz. 5 / 2 ) is located at the node of the standing wave field in the open microwave cavity. Within the coherent time range, the Rydberg atoms at the node fly out of the node of the standing wave and into the antinode of the standing wave through thermal motion. Under the mutual resonance with the open microwave cavity, the Rydberg state 63D is generated. 5 / 2 →64P 3 / 2 transition and generate a Rydberg maser signal.

[0041] Specifically, the open microwave cavity plane mirror 3 is connected to the one-dimensional vertical lifting platform 12, and the open microwave cavity hemispherical mirror 4 is fixed directly above the open microwave cavity plane mirror 3, wherein the resonance frequency of the open microwave cavity can be tuned by the one-dimensional vertical lifting platform 12. The rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber 1 is placed on the open microwave cavity plane mirror 3, and is located at the center with the circular coupling hole 5 on the open microwave cavity plane mirror, wherein the long axis direction of the rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber 1 needs to be parallel to the long axis direction of the coaxial converter 8, to ensure that the polarization direction of the electromagnetic field in the open microwave cavity is consistent with the polarization direction in the coaxial converter 8. Under the action of the back pump light 207, the detection light 209 and the coupling light 210, the atoms are excited to the Rydberg state, wherein the back pump light 207, the detection light 209 and the coupling light 210 overlap with each other, the detection light 209 and the coupling light 210 overlap in the opposite direction in the rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber 1, the back pump light 207 and the coupling light 210 overlap in the same direction and are at the node of the standing wave field in the open microwave cavity, thereby realizing the dislocation pumping of the Rydberg atoms. By tuning the distance between the open microwave cavity plane mirror 3 and the open microwave cavity hemispherical mirror 4, the cavity frequency of the open microwave cavity is resonated with the Rydberg maser transition signal 211, and the Rydberg atoms excited at the wave nodes in the open microwave cavity fly to the wave nodes of the standing wave field in the cavity under thermal motion, so as to realize the dislocation-pumped Rydberg atom continuous maser signal 211. The maser signal 211 is coupled out from the open microwave cavity through the coaxial converter 8, passes through the RF cable 9 and is amplified by the low-noise amplifier 10, and then connected to the spectrum analyzer 11 to obtain the frequency and power of the maser signal 211, thereby realizing the continuous room temperature maser based on the Rydberg atom gas chamber.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, the present invention also provides a device for amplifying weak signals based on continuous room temperature microwave maser of a Rydberg atomic gas chamber. On the basis of the above-mentioned continuous room temperature microwave maser device based on a Rydberg atomic gas chamber, a circulator 6 is added, and the isolation port of the circulator 6 is connected to the coaxial converter 8. The input port of the circulator 6 receives weak signals, and the output port of the circulator 6 is connected to the spectrum analyzer 12 via a radio frequency cable 9;

[0043] like Figure 4 As shown, the present invention also proposes a continuous room temperature microwave lasing method based on a Rydberg atomic gas chamber, comprising the following steps:

[0044] Step 301, placing a rectangular alkali metal atom gas cell into an open microwave cavity and placing it just above the circular coupling hole;

[0045] Step 302, the detection light and the coupling light are reversely overlapped and injected into the rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber, and the position where the detection light and the coupling light overlap is at the node of the standing wave formed by the open microwave cavity, so as to excite the Rydberg atoms;

[0046] Step 303, adjust the one-dimensional vertical lifting platform to make the resonant cavity frequency of the open microwave cavity resonate with the frequency of the Rydberg atom maser transition, so that the Rydberg atoms excited at the node of the standing wave field fly to the antinode of the standing wave field under thermal motion and generate a maser signal.

[0047] Among them, in step 301, the hemispherical mirror of the open microwave cavity is fixed, the plane mirror is connected to the one-dimensional vertical lifting platform, and a coaxial converter is placed and fixed under the circular coupling hole of the plane mirror to couple the electromagnetic field in the open microwave cavity. The rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber is placed on the circular coupling hole of the open microwave cavity plane mirror, and the long axis of the gas chamber needs to be parallel to the long axis of the coaxial converter to ensure that the polarization direction of the electromagnetic field in the open microwave cavity is consistent with the polarization direction in the coaxial converter.

[0048] Among them, step 302 specifically includes: using optical fiber to let the detection light and coupling light generated by two tunable lasers enter from the two ends of the rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber respectively, the detection light and the coupling light coincide with the atomic cluster at the node position in the open microwave cavity, and under the joint action of the detection light and the coupling light, staggered pumping is realized to excite the atoms to the Rydberg state, thereby producing an observable electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon.

[0049] The step 303 specifically includes:

[0050] After observing the electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon, the cavity length of the open microwave cavity was tuned by adjusting the height of the one-dimensional vertical translation stage so that the resonance frequency of the microwave cavity resonated with the maser transition frequency of the atoms, so that the Rydberg atoms pumped at the nodes could fly to the antinodes of the standing wave through thermal motion, strongly couple with the microwave mode at the antinodes of the standing wave and generate maser signals, thus generating continuous maser signals of Rydberg atoms pumped at the nodes.

[0051] like Figure 5 As shown, based on the above-mentioned continuous room temperature microwave maser method of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber, the present invention also provides a method for realizing weak signal amplification based on continuous room temperature microwave maser of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber, comprising the following steps:

[0052] Step 401, the detection light and the coupling light are reversely overlapped and injected into the rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber 1 to excite the atoms at the wave nodes of the standing wave field of the open microwave cavity to the Rydberg state;

[0053] Step 402, by connecting the isolation port of the circulator 6 to the coaxial converter 8, the input port of the circulator 6 receives a weak signal, and the output port of the circulator 6 is connected to the spectrum analyzer 12 via the radio frequency cable 9;

[0054] Step 403 , the weak signal received at the input port of the circulator 6 enters the open microwave cavity through the coaxial converter 8 , and low-noise amplification of the signal is achieved under the Rydberg atomic maser process in the cavity, and the amplified signal is obtained after passing through the output port of the circulator 6 .

[0055] The present invention relates to a method for realizing weak signal amplification by continuous room temperature maser based on Rydberg atomic gas chamber. The working principle is that in a rectangular alkali metal atomic gas chamber in an open microwave cavity, a detection light 209 and a coupling light 210 generated by two tunable lasers are respectively introduced into the atomic gas chamber from two ends of the rectangular alkali metal atomic gas chamber 1 by using an optical fiber, and the detection light 209 and the coupling light 210 are overlapped inside the rectangular alkali metal atomic gas chamber 1 and are located at the node of the standing wave field in the open microwave cavity. Under the joint action of the single-photon and two-photon resonant detection light 209 and the coupling light 210, an electromagnetically induced transparent window is formed to realize the Rydberg atomic dislocation pumping of the Rydberg maser process. The isolation port of the circulator 6 is connected to the coaxial converter 8, and the coaxial converter 8 is connected to the open microwave cavity plane mirror 3, and is coupled with the electromagnetic field in the open microwave cavity. The input port of the circulator 6 receives the microwave signal, which is coupled into the open microwave cavity through the coaxial converter 8. Under the continuous pulsation process of the Rydberg atoms in the cavity, low-noise amplification of the signal is achieved. The amplified signal is output through the output port of the circulator 6 and received by the spectrometer 12 to obtain the power and frequency of the amplified signal.

[0056] In summary, the continuous room-temperature microwave maser method and device based on the Rydberg atomic gas chamber of the present invention, combined with microwave radio frequency technology, realizes continuous maser emission of Rydberg atoms without the need for a low-temperature refrigeration system and a high vacuum system, greatly expanding the practical application scenarios of the Rydberg atomic maser; continuous maser emission can be achieved through staggered pumped Rydberg atoms, and low-noise amplification of weak signals can be achieved through continuous maser emission of Rydberg atoms; compared with other maser generators that require a low-temperature refrigeration system and a high vacuum system, the continuous room-temperature maser device based on the Rydberg atomic gas chamber is more convenient for practical application and has broad application prospects and scientific research value.

[0057] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A continuous room temperature microwave maser device based on a Rydberg atomic gas cell, characterized in that: It includes a rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber, an open microwave cavity, a one-dimensional vertical lifting platform and a laser; A circular coupling hole is provided at the bottom center of the open microwave cavity, and the rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber is placed directly above the circular coupling hole; The one-dimensional vertical lifting platform is connected to the bottom of the open microwave cavity and is used to tune the resonance frequency of the open microwave cavity; The standing wave field in the open microwave cavity overlaps with the square alkali metal atom gas chamber; The laser is used to emit detection light and coupling light, to excite the atoms in the square alkali metal atom gas chamber to the Rydberg state and to realize continuous room temperature microwave lasing of the Rydberg atoms, thereby generating a maser signal.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that It also includes coaxial converters, RF cables, low-noise amplifiers, and spectrum analyzers; The coaxial converter is connected to the open microwave cavity, and couples the maser signal into the radio frequency cable. After being amplified by the low noise amplifier, the maser signal is transmitted to the spectrum analyzer via another section of radio frequency cable.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The open microwave cavity is composed of a hemispherical mirror and a plane mirror. The circular coupling hole is located on the plane mirror. The hemispherical mirror is fixed directly above the plane mirror. The plane mirror is connected to the one-dimensional vertical lifting platform. The hemispherical mirror and the plane mirror are made of copper with silver-plated surface.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber is made of quartz and is filled with alkali metal atom gas. The atoms in the square alkali metal atom gas chamber can perform thermal motion within the space range of two antinodes and one node of the open microwave cavity.

5. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that The long axis direction of the coaxial converter is parallel to the long axis direction of the rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber to ensure that the polarization direction of the electromagnetic field in the open microwave cavity is the same as the polarization direction of the electromagnetic field in the coaxial converter.

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that It also includes a circulator, which includes an input end, an output end and an isolation end, the isolation end is connected to the coaxial converter, the input end is used to receive an external signal, and the output end is connected to the radio frequency cable.

7. A continuous room temperature microwave lasing method based on a Rydberg atomic gas cell, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 301, placing a rectangular alkali metal atom gas cell into an open microwave cavity and placing it just above the circular coupling hole; Step 302, the detection light and the coupling light are reversely overlapped and injected into the rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber, and the position where the detection light and the coupling light overlap is at the node of the standing wave formed by the open microwave cavity, so as to excite the Rydberg atoms; Step 303, adjust the one-dimensional vertical lifting platform to make the resonant cavity frequency of the open microwave cavity resonate with the frequency of the Rydberg atom maser transition, so that the Rydberg atoms excited at the node of the standing wave field fly to the antinode of the standing wave field under thermal motion and generate a maser signal.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that Step 301 specifically includes: The hemispherical mirror of the open microwave cavity is fixed, the plane mirror is connected to a one-dimensional vertical lifting platform, and a coaxial converter is placed and fixed under the circular coupling hole of the plane mirror to couple the electromagnetic field in the open microwave cavity. A rectangular alkali metal atom gas cell is placed on the circular coupling hole of the plane mirror of the open microwave cavity, and the long axis of the gas cell needs to be parallel to the long axis of the coaxial converter to ensure that the polarization direction of the electromagnetic field in the open microwave cavity is consistent with the polarization direction in the coaxial converter.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step 302 specifically includes: Optical fiber is used to transmit the probe light and coupling light generated by two tunable lasers into the rectangular alkali metal atom gas chamber from both ends respectively. The probe light and coupling light coincide with the atomic clusters at the node positions in the open microwave cavity. Under the joint action of the probe light and coupling light, staggered pumping is achieved to excite the atoms to the Rydberg state, resulting in observable electromagnetically induced transparency.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that Step 303 specifically includes: After observing the electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon, the cavity length of the open microwave cavity was tuned by adjusting the height of the one-dimensional vertical translation stage so that the resonance frequency of the microwave cavity resonated with the maser transition frequency of the atoms, so that the Rydberg atoms pumped at the nodes could fly to the antinodes of the standing wave through thermal motion, strongly couple with the microwave mode at the antinodes of the standing wave and generate maser signals, thus generating continuous maser signals of Rydberg atoms pumped at the nodes.

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