Water-saving afforestation method for northwest arid regions

Abstract

According to the water-saving afforestation method for the northwest arid region, natural rainfall can fully and effectively enter tree pits through cooperation of the slope surfaces and the confluence flow guide grooves according to the multi-slope area of the northwest arid region, trees can be irrigated only through the natural rainfall, and therefore the water-saving afforestation method for the northwest arid region is achieved. The survival rate of transplanted trees before forest establishment (the canopy density reaches 0.2) can reach 100%, that is, afforestation can be achieved under the condition that existing water resources do not need to be additionally occupied, and the forest area is enlarged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of afforestation, and in particular relates to a water-saving afforestation method in arid areas of northwest China. Background Art

[0002] In the arid areas of Northwest China, especially in Xinjiang, precipitation is generally low and evaporation is high, which is usually 6 to 8 times of precipitation. For example, Jimusar County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, has an average annual precipitation of 183.5 mm and an annual increase of 1,278 mm, which is 7 times of evaporation. After the "three red lines" of water resource utilization that the country began in 2015 determined the water use indicators of various regions, there was a spatial and temporal contradiction between the water use indicators for forestry planting and farmland irrigation. It is generally difficult to effectively irrigate forest land during the peak period of agricultural irrigation from May to September, resulting in many trees dying of drought in the built forest land. In the forest land that uses water-saving irrigation such as drip irrigation, trees grow slowly, and the roots of trees grow close to the surface. Most of them grow into flat-rooted trees with reduced drought tolerance. Once the irrigation water cannot be guaranteed, it is difficult for trees in the forest land irrigated by drip irrigation to survive. In the case that the existing forest land water supply cannot be met, how to carry out afforestation and expand the forest area has become a difficult problem. Therefore, it is very necessary to expand the forest area by using only natural precipitation to carry out water-saving afforestation without occupying the existing forest water resources. Summary of the invention

[0003] Therefore, based on the above background, the present invention provides a method for water-saving afforestation in the arid areas of Northwest China, which can realize afforestation and expand the forest area by only using natural precipitation.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0005] A method for water-saving afforestation in arid areas of Northwest China comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1: Slope repair

[0007] In areas where the annual average precipitation is not less than 150 mm, select the terrain area with a ground slope of 10%-20% for slope repair;

[0008] The scope of slope repair is: the length in the direction of the slope is 8m to 10m, the width along the contour line is 6m to 8m, and the slope surface to be repaired is a rectangle;

[0009] S2: Determine the pit for transplanting trees, take the center of the pit at the bottom of the slope as the starting point, and build two diversion channels at 30 degrees to the contour line, so that the slope precipitation can directly enter the pit through the diversion channel after confluence;

[0010] S3: Lamination and covering

[0011] The slope surface trimmed in step S1 is flatly covered with film, and the edges of the film are effectively pressed around;

[0012] S4: Rock Slope Pressure

[0013] Select flat and square stones with a particle size greater than 12 cm to fully cover the slope and press them on the film;

[0014] S5: Slope fertilization

[0015] Sprinkle fermented powdered manure between the stones in early winter before the snow falls;

[0016] S6: Transplanting trees

[0017] Select drought-tolerant tree species with a diameter at breast height of not less than 5 cm and transplant them into the tree pit described in step S1;

[0018] S7: Tree maintenance.

[0019] Preferably, the depth of the tree pit in step S1 is not less than 60 cm and the diameter is between 1.5 m and 2 m.

[0020] Preferably, in the tree species transplanting process in step S6, the soil ball is transplanted, and the diameter of the soil ball is not less than 50 cm.

[0021] Preferably, the density of tree transplanting in step S6 is: the distance between tree species is controlled at 8m to 10m.

[0022] Preferably, the tree species transplanted in step S6 is Ulmus pumila or Elaeagnus angustifolia.

[0023] Preferably, in step S7, the fermented powdered manure is spread between the stones before snowfall in early winter every year.

[0024] The above technical solution has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] According to the multi-slope area in the arid northwest region, the present invention can make natural precipitation fully and effectively enter the tree pit through the cooperation of the slope surface and the diversion trough, so that the trees can be irrigated only by natural precipitation, and the survival rate of the transplanted trees before forest formation (canopy density reaches 0.2) can reach 100%, that is, the present invention can realize afforestation without occupying additional existing water resources to expand the forest area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the slope of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the side cross-section structure of the slope of the present invention.

[0028] Attached Figure 1Among them, 1. Slope; 2. Diversion channel; 3. Covering film; 4. Stones; 5. Tree pit; 6. Trees; 7. Edge pressing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with its embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0030] The afforestation process of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0031] S1: Slope repair

[0032] Specifically, slope repair is usually carried out in autumn and tree planting is carried out in spring. At this time, a part of the meltwater from winter snowfall is effectively utilized to replenish soil moisture.

[0033] When repairing the slope, choose areas with an average annual precipitation of no less than 150 mm and terrain areas with a ground slope of 10%-20%;

[0034] In this step, we choose to repair the slope in the terrain area with a ground slope of 10%-20%. On the one hand, it can avoid occupying agricultural land (agricultural land is basically within the slope range of less than 10%), fully develop areas that are not conducive to cultivated land, and develop the utilization of land resources of non-agricultural land. On the other hand, plots with a slope greater than 20% generally have more gullies, a larger amount of slope repair work, and a high cost of slope repair. Therefore, it is more appropriate to choose an area with a slope of 10%-20% for slope repair and tree planting.

[0035] The scope of slope repair is: the length in the downslope direction is 8m to 10m, the width along the contour line direction is 6m to 8m, and the corrected slope surface 1 is a rectangle;

[0036] The upper slope repair range is for the single tree planting area. This slope repair range will control the water collection area between 60 square meters and 80 square meters, which can ensure that the water collection volume meets the growth needs of trees. If it is smaller than this range, it is difficult to guarantee the water demand for tree survival. If it is larger than this range, the water demand for tree survival can be guaranteed, but it will increase the investment per unit area, which is not economically reasonable.

[0037] S2: Determine the tree pit to be transplanted (the depth of the tree pit is not less than 60cm and the diameter is 1.5m to 2m), and build two diversion grooves 2 at 30 degrees from the center of the tree pit at the bottom of the slope, so that the slope precipitation can directly enter the tree pit through the diversion groove 2 after confluence;

[0038] The guide groove is a groove with an upper opening structure, a width of 20 cm, a depth of 10 cm, a width of 20 cm, and a depth of 10 cm.

[0039] In steps S1 and S2, the slope repair is mainly carried out mechanically, using an excavator to repair the slope, and manually assisting in clearing the water diversion trough.

[0040] S3: Lamination and covering

[0041] The slope surface trimmed in step S1 is flatly covered with film, and the surrounding areas of the film are effectively pressed (mainly using the waste soil scraped to the edge of the slope repair range during the slope repair process to press the edge, the thickness of the pressing edge 7 is not less than 20cm, and the pressing edge width is 0.3m) to prevent wind;

[0042] The film covering in this step can use the abandoned silage tank sealing film (black and white film) as the covering material to achieve waste utilization;

[0043] In this step, the slope surface is covered with a film to improve the utilization rate of precipitation. All precipitation on the slope surface can be directed into the tree pit to effectively utilize the precipitation.

[0044] S4: Rock Slope Pressure

[0045] Flat and square stones 4 with a particle size greater than 12 cm are selected to fully cover the slope and press on the film 3. On the one hand, they play a role in wind protection, and on the other hand, they can play a certain role in resisting sunlight, reducing the damage of ultraviolet rays to the film, and increasing the use time of the film.

[0046] S5: Slope fertilization

[0047] Sprinkle fermented powdered manure between the stones. When the manure is sprinkled on the stones pressing down the slope, it will enter the gaps between the stones and the film. It can also protect against sunlight and extend the use time of the film. The time for fertilization is before the snowfall in early winter. Through the winter snow cover and the water formed after the melting of ice and snow in spring, the fertilization effect is good. The summer precipitation will soak the slope fertilizer for a long time and bring it into the tree pit, playing a role of long-term slow release of fertilizer.

[0048] S6: Transplanting trees

[0049] Select drought-tolerant tree species (Ulmus pumila or Elaeagnus angustifolia) with a breast diameter of not less than 5 cm and transplant them into the tree pit 5 described in step S1; irrigation is required once on the day of transplanting, and no irrigation is required subsequently.

[0050] During the transplanting process, the plant should be transplanted with the soil ball, and the diameter of the soil ball should not be less than 50cm.

[0051] The spacing between tree species is controlled at 8m to 10m.

[0052] S7: Tree 6 maintenance.

[0053] During the fertilization in steps S5 and S7, the amount of fertilizer applied each time is 12kg to 15kg, wherein in step S7, fermented powdered manure is spread between the stones before snowfall in early winter every year.

[0054] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for water-saving afforestation in arid areas of Northwest China, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1: Slope repair In areas where the annual average precipitation is not less than 150 mm, select terrain areas with a ground slope of 10%-20% for slope repair; The scope of slope repair is: 8m to 10m long in the direction of the slope, 6m to 8m wide along the contour line, and the corrected slope surface is a rectangle; S2: Determine the pit for transplanting trees, take the center of the pit at the bottom of the slope as the starting point, and build two diversion channels at 30 degrees to the contour line, so that the slope precipitation can flow directly into the pit through the diversion channel after confluence; S3: Lamination and covering The slope surface trimmed in step S1 is flatly covered with film, and the edges of the film are effectively pressed around; S4: Rock Slope Pressure Select flat and square stones with a particle size greater than 12 cm to fully cover the slope and press them on the film; S5: Slope fertilization Sprinkle fermented powdered manure between the stones in early winter before the snow falls; S6: Transplanting trees Select drought-tolerant tree species with a diameter at breast height of not less than 5 cm and transplant them into the tree pit described in step S1; S7: Tree maintenance.

2. A method for water-saving afforestation in arid areas of Northwest China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the tree pit in step S1 is not less than 60 cm and the diameter is between 1.5 m and 2 m.

3. The method for water-saving afforestation in arid areas of Northwest China according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the tree species are transplanted with a soil ball, and the diameter of the soil ball is not less than 50 cm.

4. The method for water-saving afforestation in arid areas of Northwest China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The density of tree transplanting in step S6: the spacing between tree species is controlled at 8m to 10m.

5. The method for water-saving afforestation in arid areas of Northwest China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tree species transplanted in step S6 is Ulmus pumila or Elaeagnus angustifolia.

6. The method for water-saving afforestation in arid areas of Northwest China according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, the fermented powdered manure is spread between the stones before the snowfall in early winter every year.

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