Vehicle weak current system and vehicle

Abstract

This disclosure provides a vehicle low-voltage electrical system and a vehicle, belonging to the field of automotive technology. In this disclosure, for each electrical device in the vehicle, the connection to which electrical box the device will be made is determined based on the estimated wiring length between the device and the engine compartment electrical box, and the estimated wiring length between the device and the passenger compartment electrical box. This allows for a more organized distribution of electrical devices in the electric vehicle and minimizes the length of wiring required to supply power to these devices, thereby reducing the overall length of wiring within the vehicle and making the wiring in the vehicle more concise and orderly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of automotive technology, and in particular to a vehicle low-voltage electrical system and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Electric vehicles are equipped with various low-voltage electrical devices, such as power tailgates, air conditioning panels, and ambient lighting. To ensure power supply to these devices, electric vehicles have a vehicle low-voltage system. This system includes several electrical boxes (commonly two) to divide a single power line into multiple power lines, thus supplying power to multiple devices. Wiring is required between different electrical boxes, between electrical boxes and the low-voltage battery, and between electrical boxes and the devices. The large number of devices in an electric vehicle leads to a very messy wiring network. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This disclosure provides a vehicle low-voltage electrical system that can solve the aforementioned technical problems existing in related technologies. The technical solution is as follows:

[0004] In the first aspect, a vehicle low-voltage system is provided, which is applied to a vehicle and includes a low-voltage battery (1), an engine compartment electrical box (2), a passenger compartment electrical box (3), and multiple electrical devices (4).

[0005] The engine compartment electrical box (2) is electrically connected to the low-voltage battery (1), the passenger compartment electrical box (3), and the first electrical device (4a) among the plurality of electrical devices (4), wherein the length of the line connecting the first electrical device (4a) to the engine compartment electrical box (2) is less than or equal to the estimated length of the line connecting the first electrical device (4a) to the passenger compartment electrical box (3);

[0006] The passenger compartment electrical box (3) is electrically connected to the second electrical device (4b) among the plurality of electrical devices (4), wherein the length of the line connecting the second electrical device (4b) to the passenger compartment electrical box (3) is less than or equal to the estimated length of the line connecting the second electrical device (4b) to the engine compartment electrical box (2).

[0007] In one possible implementation, the estimated line length is the shortest line length after route planning based on the vehicle's internal structure if the devices are electrically connected by a line.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the low-voltage battery (1) is located in the engine compartment of the vehicle, the engine compartment electrical box (2) is located in the engine compartment, and the passenger compartment electrical box (3) is located inside the center console of the passenger compartment of the vehicle.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the length of the line connecting the engine compartment electrical box (2) to the low-voltage battery (1) is less than the estimated length of the line connecting the passenger compartment electrical box (3) to the low-voltage battery (1).

[0010] In one possible implementation, the engine compartment electrical box (2) includes a first distribution circuit (21) and a second distribution circuit (22);

[0011] The first distribution circuit (21) includes a first input terminal (21a) and multiple first output terminals (21b). The first input terminal (21a) is electrically connected to the weak current battery (1), and at least one first output terminal (21b) is electrically connected to different first electrical devices (4a).

[0012] The second distribution circuit (22) includes a second input terminal (22a) and multiple second output terminals (22b). The second input terminal (22a) is electrically connected to the low-voltage battery (1), and at least one second output terminal (22b) is electrically connected to different first electrical devices (4a).

[0013] At least one first output terminal (21b) of the first electrical device (4a) not connected and / or at least one second output terminal (22b) of the first electrical device (4a) not connected are electrically connected to the passenger cabin electrical box (3).

[0014] In one possible implementation, the rated current of the first electrical device (4a) connected to the first distribution circuit (21) is within a first current range, and the rated current of the first electrical device (4a) connected to the second distribution circuit (22) is within a second current range, wherein the lower limit of the first current range is greater than or equal to the upper limit of the second current range.

[0015] In one possible implementation, a fuse (23) is connected to the line of the first distribution circuit (21) that is electrically connected to each of the first electrical devices (4a), and a fuse (23) is connected to the line of the second distribution circuit (22) that is electrically connected to each of the first electrical devices (4a).

[0016] In one possible implementation, the engine compartment electrical box (2) further includes a third distribution circuit (24);

[0017] The third distribution circuit (24) includes a third input terminal (24a) and multiple third output terminals (24b). The third input terminal (24a) is electrically connected to the low-voltage battery (1), and at least one third output terminal (24b) is electrically connected to different first electrical devices (4a).

[0018] In one possible implementation, the rated current of the first electrical device (4a) connected to the third distribution circuit (24) is within the second current range.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the third distribution circuit (24) further includes a switching unit (25) electrically connected to the controller;

[0020] The switching unit (25) is used to connect or disconnect the electrical connection between the third input terminal (24a) and all the third output terminals (24b) under the control of the controller.

[0021] In one possible implementation, a fuse (23) is connected to the line on which the third distribution circuit (24) is electrically connected to each of the first electrical devices (4a).

[0022] In one possible implementation, the passenger cabin electrical box (3) includes a fourth distribution circuit (31) and a fifth distribution circuit (32), which are connected in parallel.

[0023] The fourth distribution circuit (31) includes at least one fourth input terminal (31a) and a plurality of fourth output terminals (31b). The at least one fourth input terminal (31a) is electrically connected to the engine compartment electrical box (2), and the at least one fourth output terminal (31b) is electrically connected to different second electrical devices (4b).

[0024] The fifth distribution circuit (32) includes at least one fifth input terminal (32a) and a plurality of fifth output terminals (32b). The at least one fifth input terminal (32a) is electrically connected to the engine compartment electrical box (2), and the at least one fifth output terminal (32b) is electrically connected to different second electrical devices (4b).

[0025] In one possible implementation, the rated current of the second electrical device (4b) connected to the fourth distribution circuit (31) and the fifth distribution circuit (32) is within the second current range.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the fifth distribution circuit (32) further includes a switching unit (34) electrically connected to the controller;

[0027] The switching unit (34) is used to connect or disconnect the electrical connection between the fifth input terminal (32a) and all the fifth output terminals (32b) under the control of the controller.

[0028] In one possible implementation, a fuse (33) is connected to the line of the fourth distribution circuit (31) that is electrically connected to each of the second electrical devices (4b), and a fuse (33) is connected to the line of the fifth distribution circuit (32) that is electrically connected to each of the second electrical devices (4b).

[0029] In one possible implementation, the first electrical device (4a) is located in the engine compartment, and the second electrical device (4b) is located in the passenger compartment.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the engine compartment electrical box (2) is electrically connected to a third electrical device (4c), the estimated line length between the third electrical device (4c) and the passenger compartment electrical box (3) is less than or equal to the line length of the electrical connection between the third electrical device (4c) and the engine compartment electrical box (2), and the estimated line length between the third electrical device (4c) and the passenger compartment electrical box (3) plus the line length of the electrical connection between the engine compartment electrical box (2) and the passenger compartment electrical box (3) is greater than the line length of the electrical connection between the third electrical device (4c) and the engine compartment electrical box (2).

[0031] In one possible implementation, the engine compartment electrical box (2) and the passenger compartment electrical box (3) are directly opposite each other along the length of the vehicle. Along the length of the vehicle, the third electrical device (4c) is located between the engine compartment electrical box (2) and the passenger compartment electrical box (3). The length of the electrical connection between the third electrical device (4c) and the engine compartment electrical box (2) is greater than the estimated length of the connection between the third electrical device (4c) and the passenger compartment electrical box (3).

[0032] In one possible implementation, the engine compartment electrical box (2) and the third electrical device (4c) are directly opposite each other in the length direction of the vehicle, and the passenger compartment electrical box (3) and the third electrical device (4c) are directly opposite each other in the width direction of the vehicle. The length of the electrical connection between the third electrical device (4c) and the engine compartment electrical box (2) is greater than the estimated length of the electrical connection between the third electrical device (4c) and the passenger compartment electrical box (3). The length of the electrical connection between the engine compartment electrical box (2) and the passenger compartment electrical box (3) is greater than the length of the electrical connection between the third electrical device (4c) and the engine compartment electrical box (2).

[0033] In one possible implementation, for any two first electrical devices (4a) that meet the synchronous working conditions, the distance between the two first output terminals (21b) that are electrically connected to the two first electrical devices on the engine compartment electrical box (2) is greater than a first specified distance, and the distance between the two lines that are electrically connected to the two first electrical devices on the engine compartment electrical box (2) is greater than a second specified distance. The synchronous working conditions are determined based on historical usage data of multiple vehicles, and the average percentage of the duration of simultaneous operation of the two first electrical devices in the duration of vehicle startup is greater than a preset threshold.

[0034] In a second aspect, a vehicle is provided, the vehicle including the vehicle low-voltage electrical system described in any one of the first aspects.

[0035] In this disclosure, for each electrical device in the vehicle, the connection between the device and the electrical box in the engine compartment is determined based on the estimated wiring length between the device and the electrical box in the passenger compartment. This allows for a more organized distribution of electrical devices in the electric vehicle and minimizes the length of wiring required to supply power to these devices. This reduces the overall length of wiring within the vehicle, resulting in a cleaner and more streamlined wiring system. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle low-voltage electrical system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal connections of a vehicle's low-voltage electrical system as shown in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal connections of a vehicle's low-voltage electrical system as shown in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of an engine compartment electrical box 2 as shown in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of an engine compartment electrical box 2 as shown in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0042] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the interior of an engine compartment electrical box 2 as shown in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of an engine compartment electrical box 2 as shown in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of a passenger cabin electrical box 3 as shown in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0045] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of a passenger cabin electrical box 3 as shown in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0046] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the internal connections of a vehicle's low-voltage electrical system as shown in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0047] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the internal connections of a vehicle's low-voltage electrical system as shown in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0048] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the internal connections of a vehicle's low-voltage electrical system as shown in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0049] Figure label:

[0050] 1. Low-voltage battery;

[0051] 2. Engine compartment electrical box; 21. First distribution circuit; 22. Second distribution circuit; 21a. First input terminal of the first distribution circuit; 21b. First output terminal of the first distribution circuit; 22a. Second input terminal of the second distribution circuit; 22b. Second output terminal of the second distribution circuit; 23. Fuse; 24. Third distribution circuit; 24a. Third input terminal of the third distribution circuit; 24b. Third output terminal of the third distribution circuit; 25. Switching unit;

[0052] 3. Passenger cabin electrical box; 31. Fourth distribution circuit; 31a. Fourth input terminal of the fourth distribution circuit; 31b. Fourth output terminal of the fourth distribution circuit; 32. Fifth distribution circuit; 32a. Fifth input terminal of the fifth distribution circuit; 32b. Fifth output terminal of the fifth distribution circuit; 33. Fuse; 34. Switch unit.

[0053] 4. Multiple electrical devices: 4a. First electrical device; 4b. Second electrical device; 4c. Third electrical device. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this disclosure clearer, the embodiments of this disclosure will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] This disclosure provides a vehicle low-voltage electrical system, which is applied to a vehicle, for example... Figure 1 As shown, the vehicle's low-voltage electrical system includes a low-voltage battery 1, an engine compartment electrical box 2, a passenger compartment electrical box 3, and multiple electrical devices 4. The low-voltage battery 1 is located in the vehicle's engine compartment, the engine compartment electrical box 2 is located in the engine compartment, and the passenger compartment electrical box 3 can be located inside the center console of the passenger compartment. The distribution of the vehicle's low-voltage electrical system in the vehicle can be, for example... Figure 1 As shown, the engine compartment electrical box 2 is generally located on the left side of the vehicle's engine compartment, near the low-voltage battery 1. The passenger compartment electrical box 3 is located inside the center console. When the driver is sitting in the driver's seat, the passenger compartment electrical box 3 is generally in front of the driver's knees.

[0056] The engine compartment electrical box 2 is electrically connected to the low-voltage battery 1, the passenger compartment electrical box 3, and the first electrical device 4a among multiple electrical devices 4. The length of the wiring connecting the first electrical device 4a to the engine compartment electrical box 2 is less than or equal to the estimated wiring length between the first electrical device 4a and the passenger compartment electrical box 3. The estimated wiring length is the shortest wiring length planned based on the vehicle's internal structure if the devices are electrically connected via wiring. "Between devices" refers to the connection between electrical device 4 and the engine compartment electrical box 2, between electrical device 4 and the passenger compartment electrical box 3, between the low-voltage battery 1 and the engine compartment electrical box 2, or between the low-voltage battery 1 and the passenger compartment electrical box 3. For example, as... Figure 2 As shown, the estimated wiring length between the first electrical device 4a and the engine compartment electrical box 2 is length A, and the estimated wiring length between the first electrical device 4a and the passenger compartment electrical box 3 is length B. The first electrical device 4a is generally located in the engine compartment, and includes, for example, an electric power steering system (EPS), a continuously variable fan (fan speed changes linearly), an integrated power brake (IPB), a power tailgate (also known as a power trunk), a sunroof, an electronic expansion valve, a three-way water valve, a battery-powered water pump, an electric motor water pump, etc.

[0057] The passenger compartment electrical box 3 is electrically connected to a second electrical device 4b among multiple electrical devices 4, wherein the length of the wiring connecting the second electrical device 4b to the passenger compartment electrical box 3 is less than or equal to the estimated wiring length between the second electrical device 4b and the engine compartment electrical box 2. For example, as Figure 2 As shown, the estimated wiring length between the second electrical device 4b and the passenger cabin electrical box 3 is length C. The second electrical device 4b is generally located inside the passenger cabin.

[0058] The length of the wiring connecting the engine compartment electrical box 2 and the low-voltage battery 1 is less than the estimated length of the wiring connecting the passenger compartment electrical box 3 and the low-voltage battery 1. For example, as Figure 3 As shown, the wiring length between the engine compartment electrical box 2 and the low-voltage battery 1 is length A, and the estimated wiring length between the passenger compartment electrical box 3 and the low-voltage battery 1 is length B.

[0059] In one possible implementation, for example Figure 4 As shown, the engine compartment electrical box 2 includes a first distribution circuit 21 and a second distribution circuit 22.

[0060] For example Figure 4 As shown, the first distribution circuit 21 has a first input terminal 21a and multiple first output terminals 21b. The first input terminal 21a is electrically connected to the low-voltage battery 1, and at least one first output terminal 21b is electrically connected to different first electrical devices 4a. The first electrical devices 4a may be electric power steering (EPS), a continuously variable fan (fan speed changes linearly), an integrated power brake (IPB), etc.

[0061] For example Figure 4 As shown, the second distribution circuit 22 has a second input terminal 22a and multiple second output terminals 22b. The second input terminal 22a is electrically connected to the low-voltage battery 1, and at least one second output terminal 22b is electrically connected to different first electrical devices 4a. The first electrical devices 4a may be seat adjustment, electric tailgate, sunroof, etc.

[0062] At least one first output terminal 21b of the first electrical device 4a not connected and / or at least one second output terminal 22b of the first electrical device 4a not connected are electrically connected to the passenger cabin electrical box 3.

[0063] The rated current of the first electrical device 4a connected to the first distribution circuit 21 is within a first current range, and the rated current of the first electrical device 4a connected to the second distribution circuit 22 is within a second current range. The lower limit of the first current range is greater than or equal to the upper limit of the second current range. For example, the first current range is 50 amps to 175 amps, and the second current range is 0 to 40 amps.

[0064] For example Figure 5 As shown, a fuse 23 is connected to the line connecting the first distribution circuit 21 to each first electrical device 4a, and a fuse 23 is connected to the line connecting the second distribution circuit 22 to each first electrical device 4a. The fuses 23 have different capacities. For example, the fuses 23 connected to the line connecting the first distribution circuit 21 to each first electrical device 4a have a capacity of 50 amps to 175 amps, while the fuses 23 connected to the line connecting the second distribution circuit 22 to each first electrical device 4a have a capacity of 0 to 40 amps.

[0065] In one possible implementation, the engine compartment electrical box 2 further includes a third distribution circuit 24, which is connected in parallel with the first distribution circuit 21 and the second distribution circuit 22.

[0066] For example Figure 6 As shown, the third distribution circuit 24 has a third input terminal 24a and multiple third output terminals 24b. The third input terminal 24a is electrically connected to the low-voltage battery 1, and at least one third output terminal 24b is electrically connected to different first electrical devices 4a. The first electrical devices 4a can be electronic expansion valves, three-way water valves, battery-powered water pumps, motor-driven water pumps, etc.

[0067] The rated current of the first electrical device 4a connected to the third distribution circuit 24 is within the second current range. For example, the second current range is 0 to 40 amps.

[0068] For example Figure 7 As shown, the third distribution circuit 24 also includes a switching unit 25, which is electrically connected to the controller. The switching unit 25 is used to connect or disconnect the electrical connection between the third input terminal 24a and all third output terminals 24b under the control of the controller. After receiving a control signal, the controller can control the switching unit 25 to connect or disconnect. The controller can be a vehicle-mounted system.

[0069] In one possible implementation, the passenger cabin electrical box 3 includes a fourth distribution circuit 31 and a fifth distribution circuit 32, which are connected in parallel.

[0070] For example Figure 8 As shown, the fourth distribution circuit 31 has at least one fourth input terminal 31a and multiple fourth output terminals 31b. At least one fourth input terminal 31a is electrically connected to the engine compartment electrical box 2, and at least one fourth output terminal 31b is electrically connected to different second electrical devices 4b. The second electrical devices 4b may be instrument screens, air conditioning panels, ambient lights, automatic air conditioning, etc.

[0071] For example Figure 8 As shown, the fifth distribution circuit 32 has at least one fifth input terminal 32a and multiple fifth output terminals 32b. At least one fifth input terminal 32a is electrically connected to the engine compartment electrical box 2, and at least one fifth output terminal 32b is electrically connected to different second electrical devices 4b. The second electrical devices 4b may be electric rearview mirror heating, rear defrosting, etc.

[0072] The rated current of the second electrical device 4b connected to the fourth distribution circuit 31 and the fifth distribution circuit 32 is within the second current range. The second current range is 0 to 40 amps.

[0073] For example Figure 9 As shown, the fifth distribution circuit 32 also includes a switch unit 34, which is electrically connected to the controller. The switch unit 34 is used to connect or disconnect the electrical connection between the fifth input terminal 32a and all the fifth output terminals 32b under the control of the controller. A fuse 33 is connected to the line connecting the fourth distribution circuit 31 to each of the second electrical devices 4b, and a fuse 33 is also connected to the line connecting the fifth distribution circuit 32 to each of the second electrical devices 4b.

[0074] In one possible implementation, the engine compartment electrical box 2 is electrically connected to the third electrical device 4c. The estimated wiring length between the third electrical device 4c and the passenger compartment electrical box 3 is less than or equal to the wiring length of the electrical connection between the third electrical device 4c and the engine compartment electrical box 2. The sum of the estimated wiring length between the third electrical device 4c and the passenger compartment electrical box 3 and the wiring length of the electrical connection between the engine compartment electrical box 2 and the passenger compartment electrical box 3 is greater than the wiring length of the electrical connection between the third electrical device 4c and the engine compartment electrical box 2. For example... Figure 10 As shown, the estimated wiring length between the third electrical device 4c and the passenger compartment electrical box 3 is length B, and the wiring length between the third electrical device 4c and the engine compartment electrical box 2 is length A. The sum of the estimated wiring length between the third electrical device 4c and the passenger compartment electrical box 3 and the wiring length between the engine compartment electrical box 2 and the passenger compartment electrical box 3 is length B+C. The wiring length between the third electrical device 4c and the engine compartment electrical box 2 is length A. Therefore, even though the estimated wiring length between the third electrical device 4c and the passenger compartment electrical box 3 is smaller, the wiring length used for the electrical connection between the third electrical device 4c and the low-voltage battery 1 through the engine compartment electrical box 2 is smaller, resulting in a simpler and more organized wiring connection between the third electrical device 4c and the engine compartment electrical box 2.

[0075] In one possible implementation, the engine compartment electrical box 2 and the passenger compartment electrical box 3 are directly opposite each other along the length of the vehicle. A third electrical device 4c is located between the engine compartment electrical box 2 and the passenger compartment electrical box 3 along the length of the vehicle. The length of the wiring connecting the third electrical device 4c to the engine compartment electrical box 2 is greater than the estimated wiring length between the third electrical device 4c and the passenger compartment electrical box 3. For example... Figure 11 As shown, the length of the electrical connection between the third electrical device 4c and the engine compartment electrical box 2 is length A, and the estimated length of the connection between the third electrical device 4c and the passenger compartment electrical box 3 is length B.

[0076] In one possible implementation, the engine compartment electrical box 2 and the third electrical device 4c are directly opposite each other along the length of the vehicle, and the passenger compartment electrical box 3 and the third electrical device 4c are directly opposite each other along the width of the vehicle. The length of the wiring connecting the third electrical device 4c to the engine compartment electrical box 2 is greater than the estimated length of the wiring connecting the third electrical device 4c to the passenger compartment electrical box 3, and the length of the wiring connecting the engine compartment electrical box 2 to the passenger compartment electrical box 3 is greater than the length of the wiring connecting the third electrical device 4c to the engine compartment electrical box 2. For example... Figure 12 As shown, the length of the line connecting the third electrical device 4c to the engine compartment electrical box 2 is length A, the estimated length of the line connecting the third electrical device 4c to the passenger compartment electrical box 3 is length B, the length of the line connecting the engine compartment electrical box 2 to the passenger compartment electrical box 3 is length C, and the length of the line connecting the third electrical device 4c to the engine compartment electrical box 2 is length A.

[0077] In one possible implementation, technicians can pre-collect usage data for various electrical devices over a fixed period, such as one month or one year. The usage data can include the usage time periods of the electrical devices. Based on the usage data, the average percentage of time any two electrical devices operate simultaneously within the total time the vehicle is in the running state is determined. A preset threshold is set, and the two electrical devices whose average values ​​exceed the preset threshold are identified as meeting the synchronous operation conditions. For any two first electrical devices 4a that meet the synchronous operation conditions, the distance between the two first output terminals 21b electrically connected to the two first electrical devices on the engine compartment electrical box 2 is greater than a first specified distance, and the distance between the two lines electrically connected to the two first electrical devices on the engine compartment electrical box 2 is greater than a second specified distance. The synchronous operation condition is determined based on historical usage data from multiple vehicles, where the average percentage of time the two first electrical devices operate simultaneously within the total time the vehicle is in the running state is greater than the preset threshold.

[0078] In this embodiment of the disclosure, for each electrical device in the vehicle, the connection between the electrical device and the electrical box in the engine compartment is determined based on the estimated wiring length between the electrical device and the electrical box in the passenger compartment. This allows for a more organized distribution of electrical devices in the electric vehicle and minimizes the length of wiring required to supply power to these devices. Overall, this reduces the total length of wiring within the vehicle, resulting in a more streamlined and tidy wiring system.

[0079] In the description of this specification, the references to "certain embodiments," "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the described embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this disclosure. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0080] It is understood that in this disclosure, "multiple" refers to two or more, and other quantifiers are similar. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. The singular forms "a," "the," and "the" are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0081] It is further understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to describe various types of information, but this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another, and do not indicate a specific order or degree of importance. In fact, the expressions "first," "second," etc., are completely interchangeable. For example, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, first information can also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information can also be referred to as first information.

[0082] It is further understood that the terms “center,” “longitudinal,” “lateral,” “front,” “rear,” “up,” “down,” “left,” “right,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” “outer,” “clockwise,” “counterclockwise,” “axial,” “radial,” and “circumferential” indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this embodiment and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0083] It is further understood that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral molding; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between the two components; they can refer to a direct connection between two components without the presence of other components, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this disclosure according to the specific circumstances.

[0084] It is further understood that although operations are described in a specific order in the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this disclosure, this should not be construed as requiring these operations to be performed in the specific order or serial order shown, or requiring all of the shown operations to be performed to obtain the desired result. In certain environments, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.

[0085] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the solutions disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the scope of the claims.

[0086] It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A vehicle low-voltage electrical system, characterized in that, The vehicle low-voltage system is applied to the vehicle and includes a low-voltage battery (1), an engine compartment electrical box (2), a passenger compartment electrical box (3), and multiple electrical devices (4). The engine compartment electrical box (2) is electrically connected to the low-voltage battery (1), the passenger compartment electrical box (3), and the first electrical device (4a) and the third electrical device (4c) among the plurality of electrical devices (4). The length of the line connecting the first electrical device (4a) to the engine compartment electrical box (2) is less than or equal to the estimated length of the line connecting the first electrical device (4a) to the passenger compartment electrical box (3). The estimated length of the line connecting the third electrical device (4c) to the passenger compartment electrical box (3) is less than or equal to the length of the line connecting the third electrical device (4c) to the engine compartment electrical box (2). The estimated line length of the passenger compartment electrical box (3) plus the line length of the electrical connection between the engine compartment electrical box (2) and the passenger compartment electrical box (3) is greater than the line length of the electrical connection between the third electrical device (4c) and the engine compartment electrical box (2). The estimated line length is the shortest line length after the wiring is planned based on the internal structure of the vehicle if the devices are electrically connected by a line. The devices refer to the electrical device (4) and the engine compartment electrical box (2), the electrical device (4) and the passenger compartment electrical box (3), the weak current battery (1) and the engine compartment electrical box (2), or the weak current battery (1) and the passenger compartment electrical box (3). For any two first electrical devices (4a) that meet the synchronous working conditions, the distance between the first output terminals (21b) that are electrically connected to the two first electrical devices (4a) on the engine compartment electrical box (2) is greater than a first specified distance, and the distance between the two lines that are electrically connected to the two first electrical devices (4a) on the engine compartment electrical box (2) is greater than a second specified distance. The synchronous working conditions are determined based on the historical usage data of multiple vehicles, and the average value of the proportion of the duration of simultaneous operation of the two first electrical devices (4a) in the duration of the vehicle in the start-up state is greater than a preset threshold. The passenger compartment electrical box (3) is electrically connected to the second electrical device (4b) among the plurality of electrical devices (4), wherein the length of the line connecting the second electrical device (4b) to the passenger compartment electrical box (3) is less than or equal to the estimated length of the line connecting the second electrical device (4b) to the engine compartment electrical box (2).

2. The vehicle low-voltage electrical system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low-voltage battery (1) is located in the engine compartment of the vehicle, the engine compartment electrical box (2) is located in the engine compartment, and the passenger compartment electrical box (3) is located inside the center console of the passenger compartment of the vehicle.

3. The vehicle low-voltage electrical system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The engine compartment electrical box (2) includes a first distribution circuit (21) and a second distribution circuit (22); The first distribution circuit (21) includes a first input terminal (21a) and a plurality of first output terminals (21b). The first input terminal (21a) is electrically connected to the weak current battery (1), and at least one first output terminal (21b) is electrically connected to different first electrical devices (4a). The second distribution circuit (22) includes a second input terminal (22a) and multiple second output terminals (22b). The second input terminal (22a) is electrically connected to the weak current battery (1), and at least one second output terminal (22b) is electrically connected to different first electrical devices (4a). At least one first output terminal (21b) of the first electrical device (4a) not connected and / or at least one second output terminal (22b) of the first electrical device (4a) not connected are electrically connected to the passenger cabin electrical box (3).

4. The vehicle low-voltage electrical system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The engine compartment electrical box (2) also includes a third distribution circuit (24); The third distribution circuit (24) includes a third input terminal (24a) and multiple third output terminals (24b). The third input terminal (24a) is electrically connected to the weak current battery (1), and at least one third output terminal (24b) is electrically connected to different first electrical devices (4a).

5. The vehicle low-voltage electrical system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The third distribution circuit (24) further includes a first switching unit (25), which is electrically connected to the controller; The first switching unit (25) is used to connect or disconnect the electrical connection between the third input terminal (24a) and all the third output terminals (24b) under the control of the controller.

6. The vehicle low-voltage electrical system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The passenger cabin electrical box (3) includes a fourth distribution circuit (31) and a fifth distribution circuit (32), which are connected in parallel. The fourth distribution circuit (31) includes at least one fourth input terminal (31a) and a plurality of fourth output terminals (31b). The at least one fourth input terminal (31a) is electrically connected to the engine compartment electrical box (2), and the at least one fourth output terminal (31b) is electrically connected to different second electrical devices (4b). The fifth distribution circuit (32) includes at least one fifth input terminal (32a) and a plurality of fifth output terminals (32b). The at least one fifth input terminal (32a) is electrically connected to the engine compartment electrical box (2), and the at least one fifth output terminal (32b) is electrically connected to different second electrical devices (4b).

7. The vehicle low-voltage electrical system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The fifth distribution circuit (32) further includes a second switching unit (34), which is electrically connected to the controller; The second switching unit (34) is used to connect or disconnect the electrical connection between the fifth input terminal (32a) and all the fifth output terminals (32b) under the control of the controller.

8. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes the vehicle low-voltage electrical system as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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