Liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot as well as preparation method and use method of liquid water-soluble fertilizer
By using liquid water -soluble fertilizer containing a polyethylene glycol 1,000 vitamin E, cysteine, and solid polyethylene glycol sprayed on the surface of the apple fruit, it solves the problem of high apple residual fruit rate and toxic substances after rotten. Realize the effective anticorrosive and safety improvement of the fruit.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411760890.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-28
AI Technical Summary
The prior art is difficult to effectively reduce the apple fruit rate, and the fruits are perishable and produce toxic secondary metabolites, affecting the safety and health of the fruit.
Using a liquid water -soluble fertilizer, including polyethylene glycol 1,000 vitamin E alcexide, cysteine, solid polyethylene glycol and water, sprayed on the surface of the fruit to form a protective layer to prevent fruits from rotting and reducing the production of toxic substances. Essence
Effectively reduce the rate of residual fruit, prevent fruits from rotting, and significantly reduce the content of gorromycin in rotten fruits, and improve the safety and shelf life of the fruit.
Smart Images
Figure SMS_1
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to a liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit from rotting and a preparation method and a use method thereof. Background Art
[0002] The reason for the generation of residual fruit is that the fruit is prone to mechanical damage during the process of picking, transportation, storage and sales, thus resulting in residual fruit. Residual fruit is easily attacked by pathogens. At present, the pathogens that attack fruit are mainly Penicillium and Aspergillus. After infection by the above molds, the wound will rot and produce secondary metabolites such as patulin. Since patulin is water-soluble, it will diffuse inside the fruit. Even if the rotten part is removed, there will be residual patulin in the fruit. After eating, gastrointestinal disorders and edema and bleeding of different organs may occur, affecting the health of humans or animals. It can be seen that the appearance of residual fruit not only causes economic losses to growers, but also affects our health.
[0003] There are three ways to deal with the remaining fruits: one is to discard them; the second is to remove the rotten parts and continue to eat them; the third is to send them to the juice factory and enter the market after being squeezed and disinfected. The above three treatments have the following problems: 1. Discarding. Since the fruit is rotten, there is a problem of environmental pollution; 2. Continue to eat. Since patulin is water-soluble, it will diffuse to the non-rotten parts, so there is still a risk of food poisoning when eating; 3. Juicing. There are limits on patulin in food standards. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the process to remove it, which increases the production process.
[0004] Currently, there are no products or methods to reduce the high rate of residual apple fruit, nor are there any products or methods to solve the problem that residual fruit is easy to rot and produces a large number of toxic secondary metabolites after rotting. Summary of the invention
[0005] The invention provides a liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot and a preparation and use method thereof, and solves the technical problems of 1) reducing the high rate of residual apple fruit; and 2) residual fruit is easy to rot and produces more toxic secondary metabolites after rotting.
[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot comprises polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate, cysteine, solid polyethylene glycol and water.
[0007] It also includes water-soluble fertilizer raw materials; the water-soluble fertilizer raw materials include one or more of magnesium sulfate, urea, ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium humate, amino acid powder, ferrous sulfate, calcium disodium edetate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate.
[0008] The solid polyethylene glycol is one or more of polyethylene glycol 4000, polyethylene glycol 6000 and polyethylene glycol 8000.
[0009] The preparation method of the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot is carried out according to the following steps: Dissolve solid polyethylene glycol and cysteine in water to obtain solution A; Dissolve polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate in water to obtain solution B; Mix solution A and solution B to obtain a liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot; or, Dissolve solid polyethylene glycol in water to obtain solution A; Dissolve polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate and cysteine in water to obtain solution B; Mix solution A and solution B to obtain liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot.
[0010] The dissolution temperature of the solid polyethylene glycol and cysteine in water is 60-70°C; The dissolution temperature of the polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate in water is 50-70°C; The dissolution temperature of the solid polyethylene glycol in water is 60-70°C; The dissolution temperature of the polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate and cysteine in water is 50-70°C.
[0011] The mass ratio of solid polyethylene glycol, cysteine and water is 1-20:0.5-10:70-98.5; The mass ratio of polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate and water is 1-20:80-99; The mass ratio of solid polyethylene glycol to water is 1-20:80-99; The mass ratio of polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate, cysteine and water is 1-20:0.5-10:70-98.5; The mass ratio of solution A to solution B is 1-40:60-99.
[0012] To use liquid water-soluble fertilizer to prevent fruit rot, follow these steps: Dilute the liquid water-soluble fertilizer to prevent fruit rot. The mass fraction of polyethylene glycol in fertilizer shall not exceed 0.5%; Spray the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer to prevent fruit rot on the surface of the fruit.
[0013] The dilution is dilution with water.
[0014] The invention has the following beneficial technical effects: 1) This application prepares a liquid water-soluble fertilizer by adding polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate, cysteine and solid polyethylene glycol. After dilution, it is sprayed on the fruit surface, which can effectively reduce the residual fruit rate, effectively prevent fruit rot, and reduce the content of patulin in rotten fruit.
[0015] 2) Polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate and cysteine are dissolved in water and then miscible with polyethylene glycol dissolved in water, thereby better reducing the residual fruit rate, effectively preventing fruit rot, and reducing the content of patulin in rotten fruit.
[0016] 3) The method of use of the present application is to spray it on the fruit surface, thereby forming a protection on the fruit surface. At the same time, when the pathogen produces patulin, patulin reacts with the sulfhydryl group on cysteine, turning from toxic to non-toxic, thereby reducing the content of harmful substances. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] In order to better understand the above technical solution, the technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with preferred examples.
[0018] Example 1 A liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot, composed of polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate, cysteine, polyethylene glycol 4000 and water.
[0019] The preparation method of the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot is carried out according to the following steps: Dissolve cysteine and polyethylene glycol 4000 in water to obtain solution A; Dissolve polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate in water to obtain solution B; Mix solution A and solution B to obtain liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot.
[0020] The dissolution temperature of the polyethylene glycol 4000 and cysteine in water is 65°C; The dissolution temperature of the polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate in water is 55°C.
[0021] The mass ratio of polyethylene glycol 4000, cysteine, and water is 10:7:83; The mass ratio of polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate and water is 8:92; The mass ratio of solution A to solution B is 30:70.
[0022] To use liquid water-soluble fertilizer to prevent fruit rot, follow these steps: The liquid water-soluble fertilizer that prevents fruit rot is diluted with water to dilute the water-soluble fertilizer that protects the fruit. The mass fraction of polyethylene glycol in water-soluble fertilizer is 0.1%; Spray the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer to prevent fruit rot on the surface of the fruit.
[0023] Example 2 A liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot, composed of polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate, cysteine, polyethylene glycol 4000 and water.
[0024] The preparation method of the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot is carried out according to the following steps: Dissolve polyethylene glycol 4000 in water to obtain solution A; Dissolve polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate and cysteine in water to obtain solution B; Mix solution A and solution B to obtain liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot.
[0025] The dissolution temperature of polyethylene glycol 4000 in water is 65°C; The dissolution temperature of the polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate and cysteine in water is 55°C.
[0026] The mass ratio of polyethylene glycol 4000 to water is 10:90; The mass ratio of polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate, cysteine, and water is 8:3:89; The mass ratio of solution A to solution B is 30:70.
[0027] To use liquid water-soluble fertilizer to prevent fruit rot, follow these steps: The liquid water-soluble fertilizer that prevents fruit rot is diluted with water to dilute the water-soluble fertilizer that protects the fruit. The mass fraction of polyethylene glycol in water-soluble fertilizer is 0.1%; Spray the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer to prevent fruit rot on the surface of the fruit.
[0028] Example 3 A liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot, composed of polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate, cysteine, polyethylene glycol 6000 and water.
[0029] The preparation method of the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot is carried out according to the following steps: Dissolve polyethylene glycol 6000 in water to obtain solution A; Dissolve polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate and cysteine in water to obtain solution B; Mix solution A and solution B to obtain liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot.
[0030] The dissolution temperature of the polyethylene glycol 6000 in water is 65°C; The dissolution temperature of the polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate and cysteine in water is 55°C.
[0031] The mass ratio of polyethylene glycol 6000 and water is 10:90; The mass ratio of polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate, cysteine, and water is 8:3:89; The mass ratio of solution A to solution B is 30:70.
[0032] To use liquid water-soluble fertilizer to prevent fruit rot, follow these steps: The liquid water-soluble fertilizer that prevents fruit rot is diluted with water to dilute the water-soluble fertilizer that protects the fruit. The mass fraction of polyethylene glycol in water-soluble fertilizer is 0.1%; Spray the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer to prevent fruit rot on the surface of the fruit.
[0033] Example 4 A liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot, composed of polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate, cysteine, polyethylene glycol 4000 and water.
[0034] The preparation method of the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot is carried out according to the following steps: Dissolve polyethylene glycol 4000 in water to obtain solution A; Dissolve polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate and cysteine in water to obtain solution B; Mix solution A and solution B to obtain liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot.
[0035] The dissolution temperature of the polyethylene glycol 4000 in water is 70°C; The dissolution temperature of the polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate and cysteine in water is 50°C.
[0036] The mass ratio of polyethylene glycol 4000 to water is 15:85; The mass ratio of polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate, cysteine, and water is 10:4:86; The mass ratio of solution A to solution B is 20:80.
[0037] To use liquid water-soluble fertilizer to prevent fruit rot, follow these steps: The liquid water-soluble fertilizer that prevents fruit rot is diluted with water to dilute the water-soluble fertilizer that protects the fruit. The mass fraction of polyethylene glycol in water-soluble fertilizer is 0.1%; Spray the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer to prevent fruit rot on the surface of the fruit.
[0038] Example 5 A liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot consists of polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate, cysteine, EDTA-disodium calcium, polyethylene glycol 4000 and water.
[0039] The preparation method of the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot is carried out according to the following steps: Dissolve polyethylene glycol 4000 in water to obtain solution A; Dissolve polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate, cysteine and EDTA-disodium calcium in water to obtain solution B; Mix solution A and solution B to obtain liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot.
[0040] The dissolution temperature of the polyethylene glycol 4000 in water is 70°C; The polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate, cysteine and EDTA-disodium calcium are dissolved in water at a dissolution temperature of 50°C.
[0041] The mass ratio of polyethylene glycol 4000 to water is 8:92; The mass ratio of polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate, cysteine, EDTA-disodium calcium and water is 7:2:1:90; The mass ratio of solution A to solution B is 40:60.
[0042] To use liquid water-soluble fertilizer to prevent fruit rot, follow these steps: The liquid water-soluble fertilizer that prevents fruit rot is diluted with water to dilute the water-soluble fertilizer that protects the fruit. The mass fraction of polyethylene glycol in water-soluble fertilizer is 0.05%; Spray the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer to prevent fruit rot on the surface of the fruit.
[0043] The beneficial effects of the present invention are further illustrated below in conjunction with test data: Experiment 1 1.1 Experimental location: Gansu Smart Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center.
[0044] 1.2 Experimental test: The residual fruit rate (%), shrinkage rate (%), number of blackened wounds (counted on the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th days) and patulin (PAT) content in rotten fruits (μg / kg) were counted; apple variety: Tianhong No. 2.
[0045] 1.3 Test materials: blank (except that the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for diluting fruit rot prevention is replaced by water, the rest is the same as in Example 2), Comparison 1 (except that polyethylene glycol 4000 is replaced by liquid polyethylene glycol 400, all other aspects are consistent with Example 2), Comparison 2 (except that polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate is omitted, all other aspects are consistent with Example 2), Comparison 3 (except that cysteine is replaced by cystine, all other aspects are consistent with Example 2), Comparison 4 (except that the method of use is foliar spraying, all other aspects are consistent with Example 2), Comparison 5 (except that the method of use is root irrigation, all other aspects are consistent with Example 2), Comparison 6 (except that the method of use is diluted with water to a polyethylene glycol mass fraction of 1%, all other aspects are consistent with Example 2) and Examples 1 to 5.
[0046] 1.4 Detection method: The fruits were picked on the 12th day of the experimental treatment, and 600 fruits were randomly selected from each treatment. The surface was required to be free of rot and the coloring rate was more than 90%. The residual fruit rate (%) was calculated. 50 fruits were randomly selected from the 600 fruits in each treatment and placed in a constant temperature box with a temperature of 20℃ and a humidity of 54. The fruits were placed for 25 days, and the outer skin of the fruits was observed. The shrinkage rate (%) was calculated. The shrinkage rate = the number of shrunken fruits / the number of statistical fruits * 100%; 30 apples were randomly selected from the 550 fruits saved in each treatment, and a wound with a diameter of 4mm and a depth of 4mm was pierced at the equatorial part of the apple. The wound was exposed to the air with the wound facing upwards, and the number of fruits with blackened wounds on the third, fifth, seventh and ninth days after the wound treatment was observed and recorded; on the seventh day after all the wounds of the fruits turned black, the fruits whose wounds turned black on the fifth day were taken, the rotten parts of the wounds were dug out, and the content of patulin (μg / kg) was detected.
[0047] Evaluation criteria for residual fruit rate (%): Fruit body damage: If the wounds caused by punctures, stabs, scratches, etc. that injure the flesh are ≥ 3mm, or / and more than 2 / the area of friction damage on the skin is ≥ 0.5cm / piece, it will be evaluated as residual fruit.
[0048] Shrinkage was observed with the naked eye; patulin was detected using liquid chromatography.
[0049] The experiment takes place in 2024, a year in which the summer temperatures remain high.
[0050] In this experiment, all operations were the same except for the experimental treatment, which was carried out on the second day after the apples were unbagged.
[0051] Note: The residual fruit rate in this application only counts the residual fruit after picking, while the residual fruit rate of 30% is the sum of the residual fruit caused by the process of picking, storage, transportation and sales.
[0052] 2 Results and analysis The residual fruit rate (%), shrinkage rate (%), number of blackened wounds (statistics on the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th days) and the content of patulin (PAT) in rotten fruit (μg / kg) are shown in Table 1 Table 1
[0053] From the data comparison of the blank, comparison 1, comparison 2, comparison 3 and embodiment 2 in Table 1, it can be seen that the combination of polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate, cysteine and solid polyethylene glycol can better reduce the residual fruit rate. More importantly, it can extend the shelf life, slow down the mold time of the wound, and ultimately reduce the content of patulin in the rotten fruit. Although comparison 2 and comparison 3 can reduce the residual fruit rate, in the wound blackening test, it can be seen that the number of blackened wounds on the 3rd and 5th days is significantly higher than that in embodiment 2, and all of them are blackened on the 7th day, while there is still one wound that has not turned black in embodiment 2 of the present application. In terms of patulin, whether it is blank or comparison 1, comparison 2 and comparison 3, it is significantly higher than embodiment 2. It can be seen that any change in any aspect of polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate, cysteine and solid polyethylene glycol will affect the use effect.
[0054] From the data comparison of Comparison 4, Comparison 5 and Example 2, it can be seen that the use method also affects the use effect.
[0055] It can be seen from the data of Comparison 6 and Example 2 that the concentration of polyethylene glycol needs to be controlled when used in the present application, otherwise the storage stability of the fruit may be affected.
[0056] From the comparison of the data of Example 1 and Example 2, it can be seen that the preparation method also has a certain influence on the use effect of the present application. The reason may be that the polyethylene glycol reacts with cysteine, or that the cysteine is oxidized when exposed to the air, thereby affecting the use effect. The addition of polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate encapsulates the cysteine, thereby preventing it from reacting with the polyethylene glycol and also preventing it from being oxidized by oxygen when exposed to the air, so the effect is better.
Claims
1. A liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot, characterized in that: Includes polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate, cysteine, solid polyethylene glycol, and water.
2. The liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes water-soluble fertilizer raw materials; the water-soluble fertilizer raw materials include one or more of magnesium sulfate, urea, ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium humate, amino acid powder, ferrous sulfate, calcium disodium edetate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate.
3. The liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The solid polyethylene glycol is one or more of polyethylene glycol 4000, polyethylene glycol 6000 and polyethylene glycol 8000.
4. The method for preparing a liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Follow these steps: Dissolve solid polyethylene glycol and cysteine in water to obtain solution A; Dissolve polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate in water to obtain solution B; Mix solution A and solution B to obtain a liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot; or, Dissolve solid polyethylene glycol in water to obtain solution A; Dissolve polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate and cysteine in water to obtain solution B; Mix solution A and solution B to obtain liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot.
5. The method for preparing a liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The dissolution temperature of the solid polyethylene glycol and cysteine in water is 60-70°C; The dissolution temperature of the polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate in water is 50-70°C; The dissolution temperature of the solid polyethylene glycol in water is 60-70°C; The dissolution temperature of the polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate and cysteine in water is 50-70°C.
6. The method for preparing a liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The mass ratio of solid polyethylene glycol, cysteine and water is 1-20:0.5-10:70-98.5; The mass ratio of polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate and water is 1-20:80-99; The mass ratio of solid polyethylene glycol to water is 1-20:80-99; The mass ratio of polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate, cysteine and water is 1-20:0.5-10:70-98.5; The mass ratio of solution A to solution B is 1-40:60-99.
7. The method for using the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Follow these steps: The liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot is diluted to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer for diluting the fruit, wherein the mass fraction of polyethylene glycol in the water-soluble fertilizer for diluting the fruit is not greater than 0.5%; Spray the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer to prevent fruit rot on the surface of the fruit.
8. The method for using the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for preventing fruit rot according to claim 7, characterized in that: The dilution is dilution with water.