Multifunctional hydraulic wrist for excavator

Abstract

The invention relates to the related technical field of excavators, and discloses a multifunctional hydraulic wrist for an excavator, which comprises an upper connecting frame 1, a swinging device 2, a rotating device 3 and a lower connecting frame 4. The upper end of the upper connecting frame is respectively connected with a bucket rod and a connecting rod of the excavator; the upper connecting frame is connected with the rotating device through a middle hinge pin and a swing oil cylinder. The lower end of the rotation device is connected with the quick connection device, and the side is connected with a swing oil cylinder. The quick-change device can rotate by 360 degrees around the Z axis, can also incline by + / -40 degrees around the X axis, and can integrally swing by about 180 degrees under the action of the bucket oil cylinder, so that rotary composite motion of three degrees of freedom of three coordinate axes X, Y and Z in space is realized. The requirement for the butt joint precision between the lower connecting frame and the tool end is low, the locking device is even in stress, the disassembly and assembly process is fast and simple, and reliability is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a multifunctional hydraulic wrist for an excavator, belonging to the technical field of engineering machinery. Background Art

[0002] The earliest excavators were mechanical equipment that could only perform operations in one direction. When the working range was limited or when more complex operations needed to be performed, the working position of the entire machine had to be constantly adjusted to perform the operations, and the use effect might not be achieved, thus limiting the use of more functions of the excavator, reducing labor productivity and increasing operating costs. Therefore, a hydraulic wrist was invented abroad in the last century. It is installed between the arm and bucket of the excavator, and uses the extension of the oil cylinder to achieve the swing function of the box. At the same time, a worm gear transmission is used to achieve 360° rotation. However, the existing hydraulic wrist still has certain shortcomings. When the existing quick-change device is in use, the boom is first connected to the connecting rod on one side of the connector, and then the boom hydraulic cylinder is connected to the connecting rod on the other side of the connector. Thereafter, the staff operates the boom to drive the quick-change device close to the configuration component, and engages the fixed hook of the quick-change device with the front clamping rod of the configuration component. Then, the oil cylinder in the quick-change device is extended to drive the movable hook of the quick-change device to engage with the rear clamping rod of the configuration component. Through the above actions, the configuration component can be quickly switched. However, since the oil cylinder drives the movable hook to contact the rear clamping rod of the configuration component, when the configuration component is working on the construction site, the configuration component will apply a large force to the oil cylinder through the movable hook, and the oil cylinder is prone to damage after being subjected to force for a long time. In addition, there are certain technical requirements for the staff to operate the boom to engage the fixed hook of the quick-change device with the clamping rod of the configuration component, which affects the working efficiency of the quick-change device. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the existing quick-change device mentioned in the background technology during use, the present invention provides a multifunctional quick-change device for an excavator, which has the advantages of reducing the force on the cylinder, reducing the probability of damage to the cylinder and simple operation, so as to solve the technical problems raised in the above background technology.

[0004] The present invention provides the following technical solution: a multifunctional hydraulic wrist for an excavator, characterized in that it comprises an upper connecting frame, a swing device, a slewing device, and a quick-connecting device. The upper end of the upper connecting frame is respectively connected to the dipper arm and the connecting rod of the excavator, the lower end of the upper connecting frame is connected to the slewing device, the lower end of the slewing device is connected to the quick-connecting device, and the side is connected with the swing device.

[0005] Preferably, the rotary device is mainly composed of a housing, a hydraulic motor fixed outside the housing, a turbine, a worm and a slewing bearing inside the housing; the worm wheel is meshed with the worm, one end of the worm is connected to the hydraulic motor; the worm wheel cooperates with the slewing bearing.

[0006] Preferably, the upper connecting frame is a frame composed of two front and rear end plates and two left and right side plates; the two front and rear end plates are connected to the two U-shaped ear seats on the upper part of the box body through pins.

[0007] Preferably, the hydraulic wrist according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the swing device is composed of a swing cylinder, a valve block, and two cylinder fixing seats; the swing cylinder and the valve block are made into a whole, and the joint bearing in the head of the swing cylinder is connected to the ear plate on the outside of the box body through a pin; the cylinder fixing seat is fixed on the outside of the side plate of the upper connecting frame.

[0008] Preferably, the swing device comprises two sets, which are symmetrically installed on both sides of the box.

[0009] Preferably, the quick-connect device consists of a lower connecting frame, a locking device arranged in the lower connecting frame, and a tool end; the lower connecting frame is a cylindrical boss, the side wall of the cylindrical boss is provided with a positioning rod, a pin hole A is provided on the side, and a female joint is provided at the lower end; the locking device arranged in the lower connecting frame consists of a mounting seat, a locking pin, a connecting rod and a locking hydraulic cylinder, the mounting seat is fixedly installed in the lower connecting frame, and the locking pin is movably installed in the pin hole A, one end of which faces outward and the other end is connected to the connecting rod; the lower end of the tool end is connected to the attachment, the upper end is formed into an open mouth and is provided with a guide notch, the side is provided with a pin hole B, and the bottom end is provided with a male joint.

[0010] Preferably, the number of the latch holes A is two, and the two latch holes A are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the cylindrical boss; correspondingly, the number of the latch holes B is two, and the two latch holes B are symmetrically arranged along the center line of the tool end; correspondingly, the number of the locking pins is two, and the two locking pins are movably installed in the two latch holes A respectively.

[0011] Preferably, the guide notch includes a V-shaped notch and a strip notch that are interconnected, one end of the V-shaped notch is a large opening end, and the other end is a small opening end, and the small opening end of the V-shaped notch is connected to one end of the strip notch; accordingly, the width of the strip notch forms a transition fit with the diameter of the positioning rod.

[0012] Preferably, a chamfer is provided at the lower end of the cylindrical boss.

[0013] Preferably, the male connector includes a hydraulic male connector, an electrical male connector and a gas circuit male connector, and the female connector includes a hydraulic female connector, an electrical female connector and a gas circuit female connector, and matches the male connector.

[0014] When the swing cylinder is extended or retracted, it drives the box and the lower connecting frame to rotate around the pin shaft, thereby achieving a ±40° tilt centered on the X-axis.

[0015] When the hydraulic motor is working, it drives the worm to rotate, and the worm transmits power to the worm wheel meshing with it. The worm wheel drives the slewing bearing fixedly connected to it and further drives the accessories connected to the lower connecting frame to rotate around the rotation center line of the box, thereby realizing a 360° rotation centered on the Z axis.

[0016] When the lower connecting frame is docked with the tool end, the boss is inserted into the opening of the tool end, the positioning rod on the boss is embedded in the guide notch, the lower connecting frame and the tool end are aligned with each other and plugged into each other, and the locking device extends the locking hydraulic cylinder out of the mounting seat so that the locking pin is inserted into the pin hole B of the tool end, thereby locking the lower connecting frame and the tool end into one.

[0017] The hydraulic wrist of the present invention can not only rotate 360° around the Z axis, but also tilt around ±40° around the X axis, and at the same time assist the excavator boom cylinder to rotate 120° up and down, thereby realizing the rotation compound motion of the three degrees of freedom of the three spatial coordinate axes X, Y, and Z. At the same time, the docking accuracy between the lower connecting frame and the tool end is low, the locking device is evenly stressed, and the disassembly and assembly process is fast, simple, and reliable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention in a connected state; Figure 2 It is a front view of the present invention in a separated state; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the box; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the locking device; Figure 5 It is a bottom view of the quick-connect device; Figure 6 A top view of the tool end. In the figure: 1. upper connecting frame; 11. swing cylinder; 12. cylinder fixing seat; 13. bucket arm connecting hole; 2. swing device; 21. hydraulic motor; 22. worm; 23. worm gear; 24. slewing bearing; 3. slewing device; 31. locking pin; 32. positioning rod; 33. chamfer; 34. latch hole A; 35. locking hydraulic cylinder; 36. connecting rod; 37. mounting seat; 4. lower connecting frame; 41. tool end; 42. tool connecting hole; 43. latch hole B. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. See also Figure 1-6The present invention provides a technical solution: a multifunctional hydraulic wrist for an excavator, which comprises an upper connecting frame 1, a swing device 2, a slewing device 3, and a lower connecting frame 4. The upper end of the upper connecting frame 1 is respectively connected to the dipper arm and the connecting rod of the excavator, the lower end of the upper connecting frame 1 is connected to the slewing device 3, the lower end of the slewing device 3 is connected to the lower connecting frame 4, and the swing device 2 is connected to the side. The rotary device 3 is mainly composed of a hydraulic motor 21 fixed outside the box, a worm wheel 23, a worm 22 and a rotary support 24 inside the box; the worm wheel 23 is meshed with the worm 22, one end of the worm 22 is connected to the hydraulic motor 21; the worm wheel 23 cooperates with the rotary support 24. The upper connecting frame 1 is a frame composed of two front and rear end plates and two left and right side plates; the front and rear end plates are connected to two U-shaped ear seats on the upper part of the box body through pins. The swing device consists of a swing cylinder 11, a valve block 14, and two cylinder fixing seats 12; the swing cylinder 11 and the valve block 14 are made into an integral body, and the joint bearing in the head of the swing cylinder 11 is connected to the ear plate on the outside of the box through a pin; the cylinder fixing seat 12 is fixed on the outside of the side plate of the upper connecting frame 1. There are two sets of swing devices, which are symmetrically installed on both sides of the box. The two cylinders are connected in parallel, that is, the rod cavity of one cylinder is connected to the rodless cavity of the other cylinder, so that the extension and contraction of the two cylinders are synchronized. When the cylinders are telescopic, the box and the lower connecting frame realize ±40° tilting and swinging with the extension and contraction of the cylinders. The lower connecting frame 4 is composed of a locking device 34 and a tool end 41 arranged in the lower connecting frame; the locking device 34 is a cylindrical boss, the side wall of the cylindrical boss is provided with a positioning rod 32, the side is provided with a latch hole A34, and the lower end is provided with a female joint 38; the locking device 34 is composed of a mounting seat 37, a locking pin 31, a connecting rod 36 and a locking hydraulic cylinder 35, the mounting seat 37 is fixedly installed in the lower connecting frame 3, and the locking pin 31 is movably installed in the latch hole A34, one end of which faces outward and the other end is connected to the connecting rod 36; the lower end of the tool end 4 is connected to the attachment, the upper end is open and provided with a guide notch 41, the side is provided with a latch hole B43, and the bottom end is provided with a male joint 44. The tool end can be used to connect various attachments, such as buckets, breaker hammers, grabs, etc. There are two latch holes A34, which are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the cylindrical boss; correspondingly, there are two latch holes B43, which are symmetrically arranged along the center line of the tool end 4; correspondingly, there are two locking pins 31, which are movably installed in the two latch holes A34 respectively. The guide notch includes a V-shaped notch and a strip notch that are interconnected. One end of the V-shaped notch is a large opening end, and the other end is a small opening end. The small opening end of the V-shaped notch is connected to one end of the strip notch. Accordingly, the width of the strip notch forms a transition fit with the diameter of the positioning rod 32. The male connector 44 includes a hydraulic male connector, an electrical male connector, and a gas circuit male connector. The female connector 38 includes a hydraulic female connector, an electrical female connector, and a gas circuit female connector, and is matched with the male connector 44 . Working principle: First, connect the upper connecting frame to the dipper arm and connecting rod of the excavator through the pin shaft, and connect the tool end to the attachment. During assembly, use hydraulic hoses to conduct the oil circuits and connect the control circuit. Then dock the locking device 34 with the tool end 41, insert the boss into the opening of the tool end 41, and insert the positioning rod 32 on the boss into the guide notch. The locking device 34 and the tool end 41 are aligned and plugged into each other. The locking device 34 extends the locking hydraulic cylinder 35 out of the mounting seat 37 so that the locking pin 31 is inserted into the pin hole B43 of the tool end 4, thereby locking the locking device 34 and the tool end 41 as a whole. At the same time, when the swing cylinder 11 is extended and retracted, it drives the box body and the lower connecting frame 4 to rotate around the pin shaft, thereby realizing a ±40° tilt centered on the X-axis. When the hydraulic motor 21 is working, it drives the worm 22 to rotate, and the worm 22 transmits power to the worm wheel 23 meshing with it. The worm wheel 23 drives the slewing bearing 24 fixedly connected to it and further drives the accessories connected to the lower connecting frame 4 to rotate around the rotation center line of the box, thereby realizing a 360° rotation centered on the Z axis. Therefore, the hydraulic wrist of the present invention can not only rotate 360° around the Z axis, but also tilt around ±40° around the X axis, and at the same time assist the excavator boom cylinder to rotate 120° up and down, thereby realizing the rotation compound motion of the three degrees of freedom of the three spatial coordinate axes X, Y, and Z. At the same time, the docking accuracy between the lower connecting frame and the tool end is low, the locking device is evenly stressed, the disassembly and assembly process is fast, simple, and reliable, which improves the working efficiency of the main machine. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art may still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional hydraulic wrist for an excavator, characterized by: It comprises an upper connecting frame (1), a swing device (2), a slewing device (3), and a lower connecting frame (4). The upper end of the upper connecting frame (1) is respectively connected to the dipper arm and the connecting rod of the excavator, and the lower end is connected to the slewing device (3). The side is connected with the swing device (2). The lower end of the slewing device (3) is connected to the lower connecting frame (4). The lower connecting frame (4) is composed of a locking device (34) and a tool end (41) arranged in the lower connecting frame. When the locking device (34) and the tool end (41) are docked, the boss is inserted into the open mouth of the tool end (41), the positioning rod (32) on the boss is embedded in the guide notch, the locking device (34) and the tool end are aligned with each other and plugged into each other, and the locking device (34) extends the locking hydraulic cylinder out of the mounting seat so that the locking pin (31) is inserted into the pin hole B (43) of the tool end, so that the locking device (34) and the tool end (41) are locked as a whole.

2. The hydraulic wrist according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary device mainly consists of a hydraulic motor (21) outside the box, a worm wheel (23), a worm (22) and a slewing bearing (24) inside the box; the worm wheel (23) is meshed with the worm (22), one end of the worm (22) is connected to the hydraulic motor (21); the worm wheel (23) is matched with the slewing bearing (24).

3. The hydraulic wrist according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper connecting frame (1) is a frame composed of two front and rear end plates and two left and right side plates; The front and rear end plates are connected with two U-shaped ear seats on the upper part of the box body through pin shafts.

4. The hydraulic wrist according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The swing device is composed of a swing cylinder (11), a valve block (14), and two cylinder fixing seats (12); the swing cylinder (11) and the valve block (14) are made into an integral body, the joint bearing in the head of the swing cylinder (11) is connected to the ear plate on the outside of the box body through a pin; the cylinder fixing seat (12) is fixed on the outside of the side plate of the upper connecting frame (1).

5. The hydraulic wrist according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The swing devices are in two sets and are symmetrically installed on both sides of the box.

6. The hydraulic wrist according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower connecting frame (4) is composed of a locking device (34) and a tool end (41) arranged in the lower connecting frame; the locking device (34) is a cylindrical boss, the side wall of the cylindrical boss is provided with a positioning rod (32), the side is provided with a latch hole A (34), and the lower end is provided with a female joint (38); the locking device arranged in the lower connecting frame is composed of a mounting seat (37), a locking pin (31), a connecting rod (36) and a locking hydraulic cylinder (35), the mounting seat (37) is fixedly installed in the lower connecting frame (4), the locking pin (31) is movably installed in the latch hole A (34), one end of which faces outwards and the other end is connected to the connecting rod (36); the lower end of the tool end (41) is connected to the attachment, the upper end is formed into an open mouth and provided with a guide notch, the side is provided with a latch hole B (43), and the bottom end is provided with a male joint (44).

7. The hydraulic wrist according to claim 6, characterized in that: The number of the latch holes A (34) is two, and the two latch holes A are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the cylindrical boss; correspondingly, the number of the latch holes B (43) is two, and the two latch holes B (43) are symmetrically arranged along the center line of the tool end (41); correspondingly, the number of the locking pins (31) is two, and the two locking pins (31) are movably installed in the two latch holes A (34) respectively.

8. The hydraulic wrist according to claim 6, characterized in that: The guide notch comprises a V-shaped notch and a strip-shaped notch which are interconnected. One end of the V-shaped notch is a large opening end and the other end is a small opening end. The small opening end of the V-shaped notch is connected to one end of the strip-shaped notch. Accordingly, the width of the strip-shaped notch forms a transition fit with the diameter of the positioning rod (32).

9. The hydraulic wrist according to claim 6, characterized in that: The male connector (44) includes a hydraulic male connector, an electrical male connector and a gas circuit male connector, and the female connector (38) includes a hydraulic female connector, an electrical female connector and a gas circuit female connector, and is matched with the male connector (44).

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