Line-shaped frame labor-saving vine hanging method for facility small-fruit watermelons

Abstract

The invention discloses a line-shaped frame labor-saving vine hanging method for facility small-fruit watermelons. Relates to the technical field of agricultural production. Comprising the following steps: preparing soil and bedding, and planting watermelons; a wiredrawing laying link; and a hanging spring laying link. The method is easy to implement, mainly comprises one drawing wire and a plurality of hanging wires, is simple to operate, low in cost, labor-saving, high in efficiency, convenient and easy to popularize and wide in application range, not only saves the cultivation cost of watermelon hanging vines, but also reduces the labor intensity of watermelon farmers, improves the commodity appearance of fruits, and also can prevent the fruits from being burnt.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, and more particularly to a labor-saving vine hanging method for a small-fruit watermelon straight-line frame. Background Art

[0002] Watermelon has become an important industry for farmers to increase production and become rich due to its short production cycle and high economic benefits. Small watermelon is a type of watermelon with smaller fruit size among ordinary edible watermelons, and the fruit size is generally 1 to 2 kg. Small fruit watermelon has good appearance, tender flesh, less fiber, high soluble solid content, sweet taste, easy to carry, and is a gift melon.

[0003] In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, people have higher requirements for the quality of watermelons, and have gradually increased the demand for watermelons with small fruit shape, thin peel, tender flesh and high sweetness. According to the characteristics of small fruit watermelons, hanging vine dense planting is often used. Watermelon hanging vine cultivation is a three-dimensional planting technology. It is necessary to attach the watermelon vines to the pre-set hanging ropes so that they can grow upright to more than two meters high. Although this cultivation method can improve space utilization, increase planting density, and facilitate field operations such as pruning, pollination, spraying, etc., it can improve yield and quality.

[0004] However, this cultivation technique requires a lot of manual work to prune, cut branches, wrap vines and tie fruits to ensure they can climb and grow correctly.

[0005] Therefore, compared with traditional ground planting, hanging vine cultivation has relatively high labor costs. Hanging vine cultivation also requires the construction of load-bearing wire, hanging ropes and nylon tie straps to fix the watermelons, which increases the initial investment cost and is not suitable for light simplification and large-scale planting. Although this method can improve the quality and yield of watermelons, high labor costs are one of its main disadvantages.

[0006] Therefore, whether it is possible to provide a labor-saving method for hanging vines of small-fruit watermelon in a straight-line frame to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies is an urgent problem to be solved by technical personnel in this field. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of this, the present invention provides a labor-saving hanging method for small-fruit watermelon vines on a straight frame. The method is easy to implement, mainly composed of a drawing wire and a plurality of hanging wires, simple to operate, low cost, labor-saving, high efficiency, easy to promote, and has a wide range of applications. It not only saves the cultivation cost of hanging watermelon vines, but also reduces the labor intensity of melon farmers, while improving the commodity appearance of the fruit and avoiding fruit burns.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A labor-saving method for hanging vines of small-fruit watermelon in a straight-line frame, comprising the following steps:

[0010] (1) Prepare the land and plant watermelons;

[0011] (2) Wire drawing and laying: draw a wire on the middle bed surface between every two rows of watermelons, fix the two ends, and place it on the bed surface first; after planting, when the plants begin to stretch their vines, prune and straighten the vines, straighten the main vines of the two rows to the center direction of the bed where the wire is placed, and place them on the wire;

[0012] (3) Wire laying: Select the female flowers of the main vine and side vines for pollination. When the watermelon enters the fruit swelling stage, raise the wire and set the wires at intervals and fix them. Lift the vine and select young watermelons with regular fruit shapes and that meet the characteristics of the variety.

[0013] Preferably, step (1) is specifically as follows: adopt the full-film drip irrigation cultivation mode of dense planting greenhouse, prepare the land in the facility and make ridges, the ridge height is 15 cm, the ridge width is 200 cm, single-row planting is adopted, the plant spacing is 25 cm, the row spacing is 2.0 m, and every 667 m 2 1200 to 1400 plants were planted in a greenhouse with a span of 8.0m and 4 rows.

[0014] Preferably, step (2) is specifically as follows: a wire is pulled on the bed surface between every two rows of watermelons, and the two ends are fixed on the two ends of the greenhouse to form a Y shape, and the wire is first placed on the bed surface; after planting, when the plants begin to stretch their vines, the "double vine pruning method" is used to prune, and the main vine and a strong side vine are selected and retained, and the vines are timely arranged, and the main vines of the two rows are arranged toward the center direction of the bed where the wire is placed, and are placed on the wire, and at the same time, the vines and leaves are evenly distributed.

[0015] Preferably, step (3) specifically comprises: selecting the second and third female flowers of the main vine and the side vine for pollination; when the watermelon enters the melon swelling period 10 days after pollination, the wire drawing is raised to 30 cm to 60 cm, and a hanging wire is set every 3 to 6 meters in the middle for hanging and fixing; the melon vine is hung up, and young melons with regular fruit shape and meeting the variety characteristics are selected, and then the watermelons can be harvested after they are ripe.

[0016] Preferably: in step (3), the wire drawing is raised to 45 cm to 50 cm; a hanging wire is arranged every 3 to 4 meters.

[0017] Preferably: both the drawing wire and the hanging wire are iron wire.

[0018] The present invention also provides application of any of the above methods in agricultural production.

[0019] It can be seen from the above technical scheme that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a labor-saving method for hanging vines of a one-line frame for small-fruit watermelons, and the technical effects achieved are:

[0020] 1. Low cost, eliminating the cost of hanging ropes, mesh frames, nylon ties, net bags and other hanging materials.

[0021] 2. Compared with conventional hanging vine cultivation, it saves labor, and the labor saving can reach 80%, which solves the problem of high labor cost in hanging vine cultivation.

[0022] 3. It only consists of drawn wire and hanging wire. The method is easy and simple to operate, and it is suitable for large-scale planting.

[0023] 4. At the same time, it improves the commercial appearance of the fruit, avoids fruit burns, and solves the problems of deformed fruit and yin and yang sides of the fruit in ground creeping cultivation.

[0024] 5. It provides a new method for the hanging vine cultivation of small-fruit watermelons, achieving simplicity, high efficiency and increased production and income. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a side elevation schematic diagram of a one-line frame for small-fruit watermelons provided by the present invention, wherein ①: drawing wire; ②: hanging wire; ③: arch rod; ④: longitudinal pull rod; ⑤: oblique support, the same below.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a plan layout diagram of a one-line frame for small-fruit watermelons provided by the present invention, wherein J: foundation, i.e. conventional foundation treatment is performed under the iron rods at the marked positions.

[0028] Figure 3 The present invention provides a cross-sectional view of a straight-line frame for small-fruit watermelons. Figure 4 A partial physical picture of the one-line iron wire rack for small-fruit watermelons provided by the present invention. Figure 5 This is a real picture of young watermelons obtained by using the one-line frame for small-fruit watermelons provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] The embodiment of the invention discloses a labor-saving method for hanging vines of small-fruit watermelons on a straight-line frame.

[0031] The raw materials not mentioned in the embodiments are all conventional commercially available materials; the operations and processing methods not mentioned are all conventional, such as greenhouse arch rods (70×30 oval galvanized pipes), longitudinal pull rods (25mm galvanized pipes), diagonal supports (25mm galvanized pipes) and their layout structures.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] A labor-saving method for hanging vines of small-fruit watermelon in a straight-line frame, comprising the following steps:

[0034] (1) Land preparation and ridge making for watermelon planting: A densely planted greenhouse with full film covering and drip irrigation was used. The land was prepared and ridges were made in the facility. The ridge height was 15 cm and the ridge width was 200 cm. Single-row planting was adopted with a plant spacing of 25 cm and a row spacing of 2.0 m. Every 667 m 2 Plant 1200-1400 plants in a plastic greenhouse with a span of 8 meters and plant 4 rows (conventional greenhouse field management, only the hanging vine method is different, see Figures 1 to 3 ):

[0035] (2) Wire drawing and laying: A wire (No. 12 wire) is drawn on the middle bed surface between every two rows of watermelons as a wire drawing. The two ends are fixed at the two ends of the greenhouse to form a Y shape. The wire is first placed on the bed surface; after planting, when the plants begin to stretch their vines, the "double vine pruning method" is used to prune the plants. The main vine and one strong side vine are selected and the vines are trimmed in time. The main vines of the two rows are all trimmed towards the center of the wire bed and placed on the wire. At the same time, the vines and leaves are evenly distributed;

[0036] (3) Wire laying: The second and third female flowers of the main vine and the side vine are selected for pollination. Ten days after pollination, the watermelon enters the swelling stage. The wire is raised to 30 cm, 35 cm, 40 cm, 45 cm, 50 cm, 55 cm, or 60 cm (50 cm in this embodiment). A wire (12 mm wire, see Fig. 1) is set every 3 to 6 meters (4 meters in this embodiment). Figure 4 ) and hang them on the roof with wire; lift up the melon vines and select the young melons with regular fruit shapes and in line with the characteristics of the varieties (see Figure 5 ), and then the watermelon can be harvested when it is ripe.

[0037] Comparative test

[0038] 1. Research on wire drawing height

[0039] The only difference from Example 1 is the different wire drawing heights, and its effect on greenhouse watermelons is studied.

[0040] The results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen that different wire drawing heights have little effect on the horizontal diameter of greenhouse watermelons, but will affect the vertical diameter and commodity rate of the fruit. The vertical diameter and commodity rate are relatively high at a height of 45cm to 60cm, but at a height of 55cm to 60cm, part of the fruit surface is exposed to the sun, causing the color of the fruit skin to become lighter, or even burn. At a wire drawing height of 30cm to 40cm, part of the watermelon fruit may touch the ground, which in turn affects its vertical diameter and commodity rate, or causes some fruits to tilt their heads, and the color of the fruit skin that touches the ground will be yellowish, affecting the commodity rate of watermelons.

[0041] Table 1 Effects of different wire drawing heights on the shape and peel color of greenhouse watermelons

[0042]

[0043] 2. Hanging wire

[0044] Spacing Study

[0045] The difference from Example 1 is the spacing of different hanging wires (fine-tuning the wire drawing height), and its effect on greenhouse watermelons is studied

[0046] Specifically, when entering the melon swelling stage, the iron wire is raised to 45cm, and a hanging wire is set every 3 meters, 3.5 meters, 4 meters, 4.5 meters, 5 meters, 5.5 meters or 6 meters.

[0047] The results are shown in Table 2. It can be seen that different wire spacings have different effects on the wire bearing capacity, single fruit weight and fruit commodity rate. Among them, the wire spacing of 3.0-4.0m is more effective. Considering the cost, a wire spacing of 4 meters should be selected for small-fruit watermelons. The wire spacing of 4.5-6.0m is not strong enough to bear the load, which will cause the wire to sag in the middle, causing some fruits to touch the ground, thus affecting the single fruit weight and fruit commodity rate.

[0048] Table 2 Effects of different spacing of hanging wires on wire drawing and watermelon fruit

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] 3. Comparison with conventional hanging vine cultivation

[0052] Experimental group: The only difference from Example 1 is that when the melons enter the swelling stage, the iron wire is raised to 45-50 cm, and a hanging wire is set every 4 meters.

[0053] Control group: conventional hanging vines, plant spacing 30cm, row spacing 1.0m, every 667m 2Plant 2000-2200 plants, keep one main vine for each plant, keep one thick side vine at the base, and remove the remaining side vines. When the watermelon vine grows to about 30 to 40 centimeters, it is necessary to hang the vine in time. Use plastic ropes to hang the watermelon vines and lead the vines upward. The plastic ropes are fixed to the iron wire above each row, and the iron wire is fixed to the trellis. Leave melons at the 12th to 16th nodes of the main vine. Each plant can keep 2 melons first. When the melon grows to 4 to 5 cm, select a melon with a regular shape and a large size. Keep 12 to 15 leaves above the fruit setting position, and remove the remaining leaves in conjunction with pruning. When the watermelon grows to about one pound, it should be fixed with nylon tie in time to prevent the watermelon from falling.

[0054] The results showed that: as can be seen from Table 3, there was no significant difference in the effects of different vine hanging methods on the maximum vine length and leaf number of greenhouse watermelon, but there were significant differences in stem diameter and fruit-setting nodes. Compared with the conventional vine hanging cultivation method, the one-line frame labor-saving vine hanging cultivation method increased the stem diameter by 20.18%, the fruit-setting node was 2 nodes lower, and the fruit setting was earlier.

[0055] Table 3 Effects of different vine hanging methods on the growth period of greenhouse watermelon

[0056]

[0057] It can be seen from Table 4 that the two cultivation methods have significant differences in the effects on the horizontal and vertical diameters of greenhouse watermelons. In terms of horizontal diameter, the straight-line frame hanging vine cultivation method increased by 10.25% compared with the conventional hanging vine cultivation method, and in terms of vertical diameter, the straight-line frame hanging vine cultivation method increased by 12.52% compared with the conventional hanging vine cultivation method. It can be seen that the straight-line frame hanging vine hanging method is conducive to increasing the horizontal and vertical diameters of the fruit and the weight of a single watermelon.

[0058] Table 4 Effects of different vine hanging methods on the quality of greenhouse watermelon

[0059]

[0060] It can be seen from Table 5 that the central sugar content of greenhouse watermelon fruits can reach more than 13% under both cultivation methods, and there is no significant effect on the central sugar and edge sugar of the fruit.

[0061] Table 5 Effects of different vine hanging methods on the sugar content of greenhouse watermelon fruit

[0062] Hanging vine method Central sugar Edge sugar One-line hanging vine 13.32±0.17 12.18±0.60 Conventional hanging vine 13.33±0.26 12.28±0.61

[0063] As can be seen from Table 6, there is no significant difference between the two different cultivation methods on the Vc, soluble sugar and soluble protein contents of greenhouse watermelon fruits, but the lycopene content of the straight-line frame hanging vine cultivation method is 9.68% higher than that of the conventional hanging vine cultivation method, and the titratable acid content is reduced by 11.11%. Therefore, the straight-line frame hanging vine cultivation method is effective in increasing the lycopene content of greenhouse watermelon fruits and reducing the titratable acid content.

[0064] Table 6 Effects of different vine hanging methods on the nutritional quality of watermelon fruit

[0065]

[0066] It can be seen from Table 7 that the number of melons per mu in the straight-line frame hanging vine cultivation method is significantly higher than that in the hanging vine cultivation method, which is 8.18% higher than that in the hanging vine cultivation method. From the perspective of yield per unit area, the yield of the straight-line frame hanging vine cultivation method is also significantly higher than that of the conventional hanging vine cultivation method, which is 9.10% higher than that in the hanging vine cultivation method.

[0067] Table 7 Effects of different vine hanging methods on the number and yield of greenhouse watermelons

[0068]

[0069] It can be seen from Table 8 that the I-shaped frame hanging vine cultivation method can save about 65% of the labor cost compared with the conventional hanging vine cultivation method, which is about 1,100 yuan per mu, and the hanging vine material cost can be saved by about 140 yuan per mu.

[0070] Table 8 Effects of different vine hanging methods on labor costs of watermelon production (unit: yuan)

[0071]

[0072] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0073] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A labor-saving method for hanging vines of small-fruit watermelon in a straight-line frame, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Prepare the land and plant watermelons; (2) Wire drawing and laying: draw a wire on the middle bed surface between every two rows of watermelons, fix the two ends, and place it on the bed surface first; after planting, when the plants begin to stretch their vines, prune and straighten the vines, straighten the main vines of the two rows to the center direction of the bed where the wire is placed, and place them on the wire; (3) Wire laying: Select the female flowers of the main vine and side vines for pollination. When the watermelon enters the fruit swelling stage, raise the wire and set the wires at intervals and fix them. Lift the vine and select young watermelons with regular fruit shapes and that meet the characteristics of the variety.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Step (1) is as follows: adopt the full-film drip irrigation cultivation mode of dense planting greenhouse, prepare the land in the facility and make ridges, the ridge height is 15 cm, the ridge width is 200 cm, single row planting is adopted, the plant spacing is 25 cm, the row spacing is 2.0 m, and every 667 m 2 1200 to 1400 plants were planted in a greenhouse with a span of 8.0m and 4 rows.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Step (2) is specifically as follows: a wire is pulled on the bed surface between every two rows of watermelons, and the two ends are fixed on the two ends of the greenhouse to form a Y shape, and the wire is first placed on the bed surface; after planting, when the plants begin to stretch their vines, the "double vine pruning method" is used to prune, and the main vine and a strong side vine are selected and retained, and the vines are timely arranged, and the main vines of the two rows are arranged toward the center direction of the bed where the wire is placed, and are placed on the wire, and at the same time, the vines and leaves are evenly distributed.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that Step (3) specifically comprises: selecting the second and third female flowers of the main vine and the side vine for pollination; when the watermelon enters the melon swelling period 10 days after pollination, the wire drawing is raised to 30 cm to 60 cm, and a hanging wire is set every 3 to 6 meters in the middle for hanging and fixing; the melon vine is hung up, and young melons with regular fruit shape and meeting the variety characteristics are selected and retained, and then the watermelons can be harvested after they are ripe.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that Step (3) Raise the wire drawing to 45cm-50cm; set a hanging wire every 3-4 meters.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The drawn wires and hanging wires are all iron wires.

7. Application of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in agricultural production.

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