High-strength lightweight plastic as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of polyurethane plastics, and particularly discloses a high-strength light-weight plastic and a preparation method and application thereof.The plastic is prepared from, by weight, 9-11 parts of polyether polyol, 12-15 parts of isocyanate, 0.8-1.3 parts of foaming agent, 10-15 parts of porous modified reinforcing filler, 5-13 parts of water glass and 2-3 parts of other auxiliaries; the porous modified reinforcing filler is prepared from hydrophobic silicon dioxide aerogel, a waterborne polyurethane emulsion, a microbubble agent, a polyether surfactant and water, and the hydrophobic silicon dioxide aerogel is distributed on a gas-liquid interface of the porous modified reinforcing filler; wherein the particle size of the hydrophobic silicon dioxide aerogel is 210 to 350 nm, and the density range of the hydrophobic silicon dioxide aerogel is 0.2 to 0.25 g / cm < 3 >. According to the invention, the plastic has a stable porous structure, and the mechanical strength of the plastic is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of polyurethane plastics, and more specifically, to a high-strength lightweight plastic and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Foam plastics are a type of polymer material formed by a large number of gas micropores dispersed in solid plastics; foam plastics have the characteristics of light weight, heat insulation, sound absorption, shock absorption, and better dielectric properties than base resins, and are widely used. Almost all kinds of plastics can be made into foam plastics, and foam molding has become an important field in plastic processing. Among them, rigid polyurethane is a widely used foam plastic, and its application areas include the transportation industry, such as automobile roofs, interior decoration parts, etc.

[0003] The Chinese patent with the authorization announcement number CN 117430780 B discloses a flame retardant rigid polyurethane foam, which is made of black material and white material. The white material includes the following raw materials: polyether polyol, phosphate flame retardant, inorganic powder filler, foam stabilizer, foaming agent, catalyst, wetting dispersant, and the black material is isocyanate; the inorganic powder filler is composed of flame retardant inorganic powder and accelerator; the flame retardant inorganic powder is calcium phosphate and silicon carbide, and the accelerator is aluminum oxide. The inorganic powder filler reacts at high temperature to form a flame retardant film, and plays a promoting role with the phosphate flame retardant. Compared with the traditional phosphorus-containing and halogen-containing flame retardant, the flame retardancy, mechanical properties and environmental performance of the polyurethane foam are better improved, and the preparation method is simple, the production cost is low, and it can be used in the industrial application of rigid polyurethane foam flame retardant.

[0004] However, since foam plastics generally need to be foamed to form a porous structure inside the plastic, the porous structure can give the foam plastics many beneficial properties, but the existence of the porous structure will also have a certain impact on the strength of the foam plastic. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a high-strength lightweight plastic and a preparation method and application thereof, which not only enables the plastic to have a stable porous structure but also improves the mechanical strength of the plastic.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a high-strength lightweight plastic, using the following technical solution:

[0007] A high-strength lightweight plastic includes the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0008] 9-11 parts of polyether polyol, 12-15 parts of isocyanate, 0.8-1.3 parts of foaming agent, 10-15 parts of porous modified reinforcing filler, 5-13 parts of water glass, and 2-3 parts of other additives;

[0009] The porous modified reinforcing filler is made of hydrophobic silica aerogel, aqueous polyurethane emulsion, microfoaming agent, polyether surfactant and water, and the hydrophobic silica aerogel is distributed at the gas-liquid interface of the porous modified reinforcing filler; wherein the particle size of the hydrophobic silica aerogel is 210-350nm, and the density range is 0.2-0.25g / cm 3 .

[0010] Furthermore, the porous modified reinforcing filler is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of hydrophobic silica aerogel, 6-8 parts of aqueous polyurethane emulsion, 0.3-0.5 parts of microfoaming agent, 0.1-0.3 parts of polyether surfactant, and 5-10 parts of water.

[0011] Furthermore, the microbubble agent is sodium alginate.

[0012] Furthermore, the polyether surfactant is a mixture of PO-EO block polyether PE6800 and polyether 1740, and the mass ratio of the PO-EO block polyether PE6800 and polyether 1740 is (0.3-0.6):1.

[0013] Furthermore, the preparation method of the porous modified reinforced filler comprises the following steps:

[0014] The microfoam agent and water are mixed evenly to obtain a mixed solution; the aqueous polyurethane emulsion and the mixed solution are mixed evenly, and the pH value is adjusted to be weakly acidic; then a polyether surfactant is added and mixed evenly; and then a hydrophobic silica aerogel is added and mixed evenly to obtain a porous modified reinforced filler.

[0015] Furthermore, the water glass is at least one of sodium water glass, potassium water glass and lithium water glass.

[0016] Furthermore, the modulus of the water glass is 3-4.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a high-strength lightweight plastic, using the following technical solution:

[0018] A method for preparing a high-strength lightweight plastic comprises the following steps:

[0019] After mixing water glass and porous modified reinforcing filler evenly, add polyether polyol, foaming agent and other additives, mix evenly; then add isocyanate, mix evenly, react and foam, and obtain lightweight plastic after the foam matures.

[0020] In a third aspect, the present application provides an application of high-strength lightweight plastics, using the following technical solutions:

[0021] An application of high-strength lightweight plastic, wherein the lightweight plastic is used to make sound insulation and shockproof materials in the automotive field.

[0022] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The present application adds a porous modified reinforcing filler to the plastic system, and the porous modified reinforcing filler is made of hydrophobic silica aerogel, aqueous polyurethane emulsion, microfoam agent, polyether surfactant and water; firstly, the aqueous polyurethane emulsion is used as the base material, which can improve the mixing uniformity of the porous modified reinforcing filler and the plastic system, and is conducive to the full action of each component in the porous modified reinforcing filler on the plastic system. Secondly, in the porous modified reinforcing filler, the microfoam agent and the aqueous polyurethane emulsion will form a uniform micron-level pore structure after mixing. With the addition of hydrophobic silica aerogel and polyether surfactant, under the action of polyether surfactant and the low surface energy of hydrophobic silica aerogel itself, the hydrophobic silica aerogel will move to the gas-liquid interface of the aqueous polyurethane emulsion and be distributed in the form of a coating around the bubble pores. On the one hand, the hydrophobic silica aerogel can maintain the stability of the pore structure, so that the good pore structure of the plastic is maintained while the filler is added; on the other hand, in the porous modified reinforcing filler, the microfoam agent and the aqueous polyurethane emulsion will form a uniform micron-level pore structure. With the addition of hydrophobic silica aerogel and polyether surfactant, under the action of polyether surfactant and the low surface energy of the hydrophobic silica aerogel itself, the hydrophobic silica aerogel will move to the gas-liquid interface of the aqueous polyurethane emulsion and be distributed in the form of a coating around the bubble pores. On the one hand, the hydrophobic silica aerogel can maintain the stability of the pore structure, so that the good pore structure of the plastic is maintained while the filler is added; on the other hand, in the porous modified reinforcing filler, the microfoam agent and the aqueous polyurethane emulsion will form a uniform micron-level pore structure. After the strong filler is mixed with the plastic system, the aerogel forms cross-linking points between the aqueous polyurethane emulsion and the polyether polyol due to its rough surface, so that the aerogel is uniformly dispersed in the plastic system; and in the subsequent foaming process of the plastic system, the bubbles formed later and the microporous structure formed by the porous modified reinforcing filler will not penetrate each other, and under the action of polyether surfactants, etc., the pore structure of the porous modified reinforcing filler and the pore structure of the subsequent foaming form a uniform pore network structure, and the aerogel can form a supporting effect on the side around the pore structure, which can not only form a foam plastic with an excellent pore structure, but also improve the mechanical strength of the plastic. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present application is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0025] Example

[0026] First, this embodiment provides a high-strength lightweight plastic, including the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0027] 9-11 parts of polyether polyol, 12-15 parts of isocyanate, 0.8-1.3 parts of foaming agent, 10-15 parts of porous modified reinforcing filler, 5-13 parts of water glass, and 2-3 parts of other additives. The polyether polyol is a mixture of polyether polyol 4110 and polyether polyol 303 in a mass ratio of 2.5:1; the isocyanate is isocyanate PM200.

[0028] The porous modified reinforcing filler is made of hydrophobic silica aerogel, aqueous polyurethane emulsion, microfoaming agent, polyether surfactant and water. The specific steps are as follows:

[0029] (1) Raw material preparation: 5-8 parts of hydrophobic silica aerogel, 6-8 parts of aqueous polyurethane emulsion, 0.3-0.5 parts of microfoaming agent, 0.1-0.3 parts of polyether surfactant, and 5-10 parts of water; the particle size of the hydrophobic silica aerogel is 210-350 nm, and the density range is 0.2-0.25 g / cm 3 ; The microbubble agent is sodium alginate, the polyether surfactant is a mixture of PO-EO block polyether PE6800 and polyether 1740, and the mass ratio of PO-EO block polyether PE6800 and polyether 1740 is (0.3-0.6):1.

[0030] (2) Preparation: Mix the microfoaming agent and water evenly to obtain a mixed solution; mix the aqueous polyurethane emulsion and the mixed solution evenly, and adjust the pH value to be weakly acidic; then add a polyether surfactant and mix evenly; then add the hydrophobic silica aerogel and mix evenly to obtain a porous modified reinforced filler.

[0031] Furthermore, the water glass is at least one of sodium water glass, potassium water glass and lithium water glass, and the modulus of the water glass is 3-4. The embodiment of the present application preferably uses sodium water glass.

[0032] Furthermore, other auxiliary agents include dibutyltin dilaurate and silicone oil 8805; and the foaming agent is foaming agent HFC-245fa.

[0033] The present application also provides a method for preparing a high-strength lightweight plastic, comprising the following steps: after mixing water glass and porous modified reinforcing filler evenly, adding polyether polyol, foaming agent, and other additives, and mixing evenly; then adding isocyanate, mixing evenly, and then adding it to a mold, and after natural foaming, reacting and foaming at 75-85°C, and obtaining a lightweight plastic after the foam matures. The heating reaction maturation time of the present application is 24 hours.

[0034] The plastic of the present application can be used to make sound insulation and shockproof materials in the automotive field.

[0035] The following is an explanation through specific embodiments.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] This embodiment provides a high-strength lightweight plastic, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0038] 9 parts of polyether polyol, 12 parts of isocyanate, 0.8 parts of foaming agent, 10 parts of porous modified reinforcing filler, 5 parts of water glass, 1 part of dibutyltin dilaurate, and 1 part of silicone oil 8805.

[0039] The porous modified reinforcing filler is made of hydrophobic silica aerogel, aqueous polyurethane emulsion, microfoaming agent, polyether surfactant and water. The specific steps are as follows:

[0040] (1) Raw material preparation: 5 parts of hydrophobic silica aerogel, 6 parts of aqueous polyurethane emulsion, 0.3 parts of microfoaming agent, 0.1 parts of polyether surfactant, and 5 parts of water; the polyether surfactant is a mixture of PO-EO block polyether PE6800 and polyether 1740, and the mass ratio of PO-EO block polyether PE6800 to polyether 1740 is 0.3:1.

[0041] (2) Preparation: Mix the microfoaming agent and water evenly to obtain a mixed solution; mix the aqueous polyurethane emulsion and the mixed solution evenly, and adjust the pH value to be weakly acidic; then add a polyether surfactant and mix evenly; then add the hydrophobic silica aerogel and mix evenly to obtain a porous modified reinforced filler.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] This embodiment provides a high-strength lightweight plastic, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0044] 10 parts of polyether polyol, 13 parts of isocyanate, 1.0 parts of foaming agent, 13 parts of porous modified reinforcing filler, 8 parts of water glass, 1.5 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate, and 1.5 parts of silicone oil 8805.

[0045] The porous modified reinforcing filler is made of hydrophobic silica aerogel, aqueous polyurethane emulsion, microfoaming agent, polyether surfactant and water. The specific steps are as follows:

[0046] (1) Raw material preparation: 6 parts of hydrophobic silica aerogel, 7 parts of aqueous polyurethane emulsion, 0.4 parts of microfoaming agent, 0.2 parts of polyether surfactant, and 58 parts of water; the polyether surfactant is a mixture of PO-EO block polyether PE6800 and polyether 1740, and the mass ratio of PO-EO block polyether PE6800 to polyether 1740 is 0.4:1.

[0047] (2) Preparation: Mix the microfoaming agent and water evenly to obtain a mixed solution; mix the aqueous polyurethane emulsion and the mixed solution evenly, and adjust the pH value to be weakly acidic; then add a polyether surfactant and mix evenly; then add the hydrophobic silica aerogel and mix evenly to obtain a porous modified reinforced filler.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] This embodiment provides a high-strength lightweight plastic, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0050] 11 parts of polyether polyol, 15 parts of isocyanate, 1.3 parts of foaming agent, 15 parts of porous modified reinforcing filler, 13 parts of water glass, 1 part of dibutyltin dilaurate, and 2 parts of silicone oil 8805.

[0051] The porous modified reinforcing filler is made of hydrophobic silica aerogel, aqueous polyurethane emulsion, microfoaming agent, polyether surfactant and water. The specific steps are as follows:

[0052] (1) Raw material preparation: 5-8 parts of hydrophobic silica aerogel, 6-8 parts of aqueous polyurethane emulsion, 0.5 parts of microfoaming agent, 0.3 parts of polyether surfactant, and 10 parts of water; the polyether surfactant is a mixture of PO-EO block polyether PE6800 and polyether 1740, and the mass ratio of PO-EO block polyether PE6800 and polyether 1740 is 0.6:1.

[0053] (2) Preparation: Mix the microfoaming agent and water evenly to obtain a mixed solution; mix the aqueous polyurethane emulsion and the mixed solution evenly, and adjust the pH value to be weakly acidic; then add a polyether surfactant and mix evenly; then add the hydrophobic silica aerogel and mix evenly to obtain a porous modified reinforced filler.

[0054] Example 4

[0055] This embodiment provides a high-strength lightweight plastic, which is different from Embodiment 2 in that it includes the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0056] 10 parts of polyether polyol, 13 parts of isocyanate, 1.0 parts of foaming agent, 15 parts of porous modified reinforcing filler, 8 parts of water glass, 1.5 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate, and 1.5 parts of silicone oil 8805.

[0057] Comparative Example

[0058] Comparative Example 1 is different from Example 2 in that no porous modified reinforcing filler is added.

[0059] Comparative Example 2: The difference from Example 2 is that the porous modified reinforcing filler is replaced by an equal amount of hydrophobic silica aerogel.

[0060] Comparative Example 3: The difference from Example 2 is that the porous modified reinforcing filler is replaced by an equal amount of glass powder.

[0061] Comparative Example 4: The difference from Example 2 is that the amount of porous modified reinforcing filler used is 8 parts.

[0062] Comparative Example 5: The difference from Example 2 is that the amount of porous modified reinforcing filler used is 17 parts.

[0063] Comparative Example 6: The difference from Example 2 is that in the raw material of the porous modified reinforcing filler, the polyether surfactant is replaced by an equal amount of wetting and dispersing agent BYK-W968.

[0064] Comparative Example 7 is different from Example 2 in that, in the raw materials of the porous modified reinforcing filler, all the polyether surfactants are PO-EO block polyether PE6800.

[0065] Comparative Example 8 is different from Example 2 in that, in the raw materials of the porous modified reinforcing filler, all the polyether surfactants are polyether 174.

[0066] Comparative Example 9 is different from Example 2 in that no water glass is added.

[0067] Performance Testing

[0068] The polyurethane foam plastics prepared in the examples and comparative examples were tested for compressive strength, thermal conductivity, foaming ratio and density. The relevant test results are shown in Table 1.

[0069] Table 1 Performance test results of embodiments and comparative examples

[0070]

[0071]

[0072] It can be seen from the test results of the embodiments and comparative examples 1-3 that after adding the porous modified reinforcing filler, the polyurethane foam plastic of the present application not only meets the lightweight requirements, but also has good mechanical strength. Further comparison of the performance of Example 2 and Example 4 shows that after the amount of porous modified reinforcing filler is increased, the performance of the plastic is not improved, but rather decreases to a certain extent. Further, analysis of the performance of Comparative Examples 4 and 5 shows that the performance of the plastic in Comparative Example 4 is not well improved due to the small amount of porous modified reinforcing filler, and its performance is not as good as that of the embodiment; the amount of porous modified reinforcing filler in Comparative Example 5 is further increased, and the performance of the plastic decreases more, indicating that the amount of porous modified reinforcing filler will affect the performance of the plastic, but the amount of porous modified reinforcing filler should be appropriate.

[0073] Regarding the use of porous modified reinforcing fillers, it can be seen from the analysis of the performance of Comparative Examples 6-8 that the use of polyether surfactants is very important in the preparation of porous modified reinforcing fillers, because the polyether surfactants used in this application can promote the hydrophobic silica aerogel to move to the gas-liquid interface of the aqueous polyurethane emulsion, and distribute it in a coated form around the bubble pores, which can maintain the stability of the pore structure, and the pore structure of the porous modified reinforcing filler and the pore structure of the subsequent foaming form a uniform pore network structure, and the aerogel can form a supporting effect around the pore structure, which can not only form a foam plastic with an excellent pore structure, but also improve the mechanical strength of the plastic. In addition, combined with the performance of Comparative Examples 2 and 5, Comparative Example 2 uses aerogel alone, which cannot achieve the effect of aerogel at the gas-liquid interface, and thus cannot achieve the effect of the technical solution of this application. In Comparative Example 5, after the amount of porous modified reinforcing filler is increased, the pore structure should be increased and the density should be further reduced. However, the density of Comparative Example 5 increases instead, indicating that excessive use of porous modified reinforcing fillers not only fails to stabilize the pore structure of the plastic, but also affects the original foaming structure, causing the performance of the plastic to decline in various aspects. The performance of Comparative Example 9 reflects that the use of a certain amount of water glass is conducive to improving the performance of the plastic in various aspects.

[0074] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present application and is not a limitation of the present application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications to the present embodiment without any creative contribution as needed. However, as long as it is within the scope of the claims of the present application, it shall be protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A high-strength lightweight plastic, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 9-11 parts of polyether polyol, 12-15 parts of isocyanate, 0.8-1.3 parts of foaming agent, 10-15 parts of porous modified reinforcing filler, 5-13 parts of water glass, and 2-3 parts of other additives; The porous modified reinforcing filler is made of hydrophobic silica aerogel, aqueous polyurethane emulsion, microfoaming agent, polyether surfactant and water, and the hydrophobic silica aerogel is distributed at the gas-liquid interface of the porous modified reinforcing filler; wherein the particle size of the hydrophobic silica aerogel is 210-350nm, and the density range is 0.2-0.25g / cm 3 .

2. A high-strength lightweight plastic according to claim 1, characterized in that: The porous modified reinforcing filler is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of hydrophobic silica aerogel, 6-8 parts of aqueous polyurethane emulsion, 0.3-0.5 parts of microfoaming agent, 0.1-0.3 parts of polyether surfactant, and 5-10 parts of water.

3. A high-strength lightweight plastic according to claim 2, characterized in that: The microbubble agent is sodium alginate.

4. A high-strength lightweight plastic according to claim 2, characterized in that: The polyether surfactant is a mixture of PO-EO block polyether PE6800 and polyether 1740, and the mass ratio of the PO-EO block polyether PE6800 and polyether 1740 is (0.3-0.6):

1.

5. The high-strength lightweight plastic according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the porous modified reinforced filler comprises the following steps: The microfoam agent and water are mixed evenly to obtain a mixed solution; the aqueous polyurethane emulsion and the mixed solution are mixed evenly, and the pH value is adjusted to be weakly acidic; then a polyether surfactant is added and mixed evenly; and then a hydrophobic silica aerogel is added and mixed evenly to obtain a porous modified reinforced filler.

6. The high-strength lightweight plastic according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water glass is at least one of sodium water glass, potassium water glass and lithium water glass.

7. A high-strength lightweight plastic according to claim 6, characterized in that: The modulus of the water glass is 3-4.

8. A method for preparing a high-strength lightweight plastic, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: After mixing water glass and porous modified reinforcing filler evenly, add polyether polyol, foaming agent and other additives, mix evenly; then add isocyanate, mix evenly, react and foam, and obtain lightweight plastic after the foam matures.

9. An application of high-strength lightweight plastic, characterized in that: The lightweight plastic is used to make sound insulation and shockproof materials in the automotive field.

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