Operation control method of electrolytic cell

Abstract

The invention provides an operation control method of an electrolytic bath, and belongs to the technical field of water electrolysis hydrogen production. According to the method, the driving model based on the historical operation data is constructed, so that the operation data change trend of the electrolytic cell in the future time range can be accurately predicted. Meanwhile, the method can identify the time period in which the running data of the electrolytic cell may be abnormal, so that measures are taken in advance, potential equipment failure or performance reduction is avoided, and the risk of accidental shutdown is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of hydrogen production by water electrolysis, and in particular to an operation control method of an electrolyzer. Background Art

[0002] With the transformation of the global energy structure and the demand for sustainable development, the production and utilization of clean energy has received increasing attention. Among many clean energy sources, hydrogen is regarded as an important component of future energy due to its high energy density and clean combustion characteristics. As an efficient hydrogen production method, water electrolysis to produce hydrogen does not produce greenhouse gases and the raw water resources are abundant, so it has attracted much attention.

[0003] Traditional electrolyzer operation control methods mainly rely on the operator's experience and simple feedback control strategies, which often lack in-depth understanding and prediction capabilities of the electrolyzer's operating status. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiment of the present application provides an operation control method for an electrolytic cell. By constructing a driving model based on historical operation data, the method can accurately predict the change trend of the operation data of the electrolytic cell within a future time range. This prediction method not only takes into account the complex dynamic behavior inside the electrolytic cell, but also can adapt to changes in operating parameters, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the prediction. Specifically:

[0005] The present application provides an electrolytic cell operation control method, the control method comprising:

[0006] Collect historical operation data of electrolyzer;

[0007] Based on the historical operation data of the electrolyzer, a driving model of the electrolyzer operation data changing over time is constructed;

[0008] Acquire the real-time operation data of the electrolytic cell, and input the real-time operation data of the electrolytic cell into the driving model to predict the change trend of the operation data of the electrolytic cell within a future time range;

[0009] Based on the predicted change trend of the electrolytic cell operation data, identify the time period when the electrolytic cell operation data may be abnormal.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the operation data of the electrolytic cell includes the electrolysis parameters of the electrolytic cell and the concentration of hydrogen in oxygen of the electrolytic cell;

[0011] The electrolysis parameters of the electrolytic cell include at least the temperature data of the electrolytic cell, the pressure of the electrolytic cell and the parameter data of the electrolyte.

[0012] In the above technical solution, a driving model of the electrolytic cell operation data changing over time is constructed based on the historical operation data of the electrolytic cell, including:

[0013] Attach a timestamp to each piece of historical data, verify the consistency and continuity of the timestamp, and train the driving model based on the verified historical running data.

[0014] In the above technical solution, a timestamp is added to each historical data, and the consistency and continuity of the timestamp are verified. The driving model is trained based on the verified historical running data, including:

[0015] Check whether the timestamp of each data point is within the predetermined time range and whether the interval between timestamps meets the sampling frequency of the sensor;

[0016] and analyzing the distribution of timestamp intervals to identify anomalous intervals;

[0017] If an abnormal timestamp is identified, the timestamp is corrected and the error range of the timestamp before and after the correction is calculated to ensure that the error is within an acceptable threshold range.

[0018] In the above technical solution, based on the predicted trend of electrolytic cell operation data changes, the time period when the electrolytic cell operation data may be abnormal is identified, including:

[0019] Based on the identified abnormal time period, the hydrogen concentration value in oxygen in the electrolyzer during the abnormal time period is predicted, and the electrolysis parameters of the electrolyzer are adjusted in advance before the abnormal time period arrives, so that the predicted hydrogen concentration value in oxygen in the electrolyzer during the abnormal time period is within a preset concentration range.

[0020] In the above technical solution, the electrolysis parameters of the electrolytic cell are adjusted in advance before the abnormal time period arrives, including:

[0021] If the hydrogen concentration value of oxygen in the electrolytic cell during the identified abnormal time period is lower than a preset safety range value interval, the current in the electrolytic cell and / or the concentration of the electrolyte and / or the temperature of the electrolyte are increased before the abnormal time period arrives;

[0022] On the contrary, the current in the electrolytic cell is reduced and / or the concentration of the electrolyte is reduced and / or the temperature of the electrolyte is reduced.

[0023] In the above technical solution, the electrolyzer is a PEM electrolyzer;

[0024] The method includes adjusting the electrolysis parameters of the electrolyzer in advance based on the predicted hydrogen concentration value of oxygen in the electrolyzer during the abnormal time period, including the following steps:

[0025] Step A: starting the PEM electrolyzer at an initial current density;

[0026] Step B: after maintaining the initial current density to run stably, gradually increase the current density to the next predetermined level;

[0027] Step C: performing a stability test on the electrolytic cell at each predetermined current density level;

[0028] Step D: After the stability test is passed, the durability test is performed;

[0029] Step E: Repeat steps B to D until the target current density level is reached;

[0030] The initial current density is usually the safe working current density considered when the electrolyzer is designed. The stability test includes real-time monitoring of the temperature, pressure and hydrogen concentration in oxygen of the electrolyzer, and judging whether the temperature, pressure and hydrogen concentration in oxygen of the electrolyzer are within the preset range. The durability test includes continuously running the electrolyzer for more than a preset time period, and judging the performance degradation of the electrolyzer after the period ends.

[0031] In the above technical solution, the PEM electrolyzer is started with an initial current density, and after maintaining the initial current density for stable operation, the current density is gradually increased to the next predetermined level, including:

[0032] The PEM electrolyzer is started with an initial current density j0. After the initial current density j0 is kept stable, the current density j0 is increased according to the exponential relationship j. n =j0*(1+r) n gradually increasing the current density to a next predetermined level;

[0033] where j n is the nth current density level, r is the growth rate, and n is the current number of steps.

[0034] In the above technical solution, the operation control method further includes:

[0035] During the process of gradually increasing the current density to the next predetermined level, the operating parameters of the electrolyzer are monitored in real time;

[0036] Determine the performance index and stability index of the electrolytic cell according to the operating state of the electrolytic cell, and dynamically adjust the growth rate r based on the performance index and stability index of the electrolytic cell;

[0037] The performance index is a quantitative assessment based on the hydrogen production, energy consumption or related efficiency indicators of the electrolyzer, and the stability index is a quantitative assessment based on the temperature fluctuation, pressure change or fluctuation of the hydrogen concentration in oxygen of the electrolyzer.

[0038] In the above technical solution, the performance index and stability index of the electrolytic cell are determined according to the operating state of the electrolytic cell, and the growth rate r is dynamically adjusted based on the performance index and stability index of the electrolytic cell, including:

[0039] When the performance index of the electrolyzer exceeds a preset efficiency threshold and the stability index is higher than a preset stability threshold, the growth rate r is increased to speed up the increase of the current density;

[0040] When the performance index of the electrolytic cell is lower than the efficiency threshold or the stability index is lower than the stability threshold, the growth rate r is reduced or the increase of the current density is suspended until the performance index and the stability index recover to above the preset corresponding thresholds.

[0041] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0042] In the embodiment of the present application, by constructing a driving model based on historical operation data, the method can accurately predict the change trend of the operation data of the electrolyzer within the future time range. This prediction method not only takes into account the complex dynamic behavior inside the electrolyzer, but also can adapt to the changes in operating parameters, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the prediction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 This is a control flow chart of an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0045] Throughout the specification and claims, the following terms have at least the meanings explicitly associated herein, unless the context dictates otherwise. The meanings identified below do not necessarily limit the terms, but merely provide illustrative examples of the terms.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, the phrase "in one embodiment" does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may refer to the same embodiment. Similarly, the phrase "in some embodiments" as used herein, when used multiple times, does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may refer to the same embodiment. As used herein, the term "or" is an inclusive "or" operator and is equivalent to the term "and / or", unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The term "based on" is not exclusive and allows for additional factors not described, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The word "exemplary" means "used as an example, instance or illustration" in this article. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily interpreted as being superior or superior to other embodiments. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the scope of the appended claims, and any examples set forth in this specification are not intended to be limiting, but only to set forth some of the many possible embodiments of the claimed invention. The various embodiments provided by the present invention should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0048] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0049] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0050] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0051] Background

[0052] Traditional electrolyzer operation control methods mainly rely on the operator's experience and simple feedback control strategies, which often lack in-depth understanding and prediction capabilities of the electrolyzer's operating status.

[0053] Based on this, Figure 1 As shown, the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides an electrolytic cell operation control method, the control method comprising:

[0054] Collect historical operation data of electrolyzer;

[0055] Based on the historical operation data of the electrolyzer, a driving model of the electrolyzer operation data changing over time is constructed;

[0056] Acquire the real-time operation data of the electrolytic cell, and input the real-time operation data of the electrolytic cell into the driving model to predict the change trend of the operation data of the electrolytic cell within a future time range;

[0057] Based on the predicted change trend of the electrolytic cell operation data, identify the time period when the electrolytic cell operation data may be abnormal.

[0058] In the embodiment of the present application, by constructing a driving model based on historical operating data, the method can accurately predict the operating trend of the electrolyzer in the future time period, including changes in key parameters such as current, voltage, and temperature. At the same time, the method can identify the time period when the electrolyzer operating data may be abnormal, so as to take measures in advance to avoid potential equipment failures or performance degradation and reduce the risk of unexpected downtime. In addition, by real-time monitoring and predicting the operating status of the electrolyzer, the operator can dynamically adjust operating parameters such as current density, temperature, pressure, etc. to improve electrolysis efficiency and reduce energy consumption. Avoiding extreme conditions such as overheating and overpressure caused by improper operation or accidents helps to extend the service life of the electrolyzer and reduce maintenance costs.

[0059] It is worth noting that the term "abnormal time period" refers to the time period during the operation of the electrolyzer, which is identified by the prediction model as possibly causing the concentration of hydrogen in oxygen to exceed the safe range.

[0060] For example: First, collect the operating data of the electrolyzer for the past few months, including parameters such as current, voltage, temperature, and pressure recorded every hour. Use this historical data to build a driver model that can describe the changes of these parameters over time. This model can use machine learning techniques, such as random forests or neural networks, to capture complex patterns and trends in the data. During the operation of the electrolyzer, collect its operating data in real time and input this data into the previously built driver model. The model will predict the trend of changes in the operating parameters of the electrolyzer in the next few hours based on real-time data. By analyzing the predicted trend, identify the time period when anomalies may occur. For example, the prediction model may indicate that the temperature of the electrolyzer may exceed the safety threshold in the next two hours. Before predicting anomalies, operators can adjust the operating parameters of the electrolyzer in advance, such as reducing the current or adjusting the cooling system to prevent the temperature from being too high. At the same time, by continuously monitoring the operating status of the electrolyzer and updating the driver model based on new data, the accuracy of the prediction and the responsiveness of the system can be improved.

[0061] Further, in some possible implementations, the operation data of the electrolyzer includes electrolysis parameters of the electrolyzer and hydrogen concentration in oxygen of the electrolyzer;

[0062] The electrolysis parameters of the electrolytic cell include at least the temperature data of the electrolytic cell, the pressure of the electrolytic cell, and the parameter data of the electrolyte.

[0063] In the embodiments of the present application, by real-time monitoring and adjustment of the temperature, pressure, electrolyte parameters and hydrogen concentration in oxygen of the electrolyzer, it is possible to ensure that the electrolysis process is carried out under optimal conditions, thereby improving the electrolysis efficiency and hydrogen production. Real-time monitoring of the temperature and pressure of the electrolyzer can prevent safety accidents caused by overheating and excessive pressure, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the electrolyzer. By monitoring and controlling the hydrogen concentration in oxygen, it is possible to ensure that the produced hydrogen reaches the required purity to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

[0064] Further, in some possible implementations, a driving model of the electrolytic cell operation data changing over time is constructed based on the historical operation data of the electrolytic cell, including:

[0065] Attach a timestamp to each piece of historical data, verify the consistency and continuity of the timestamp, and train the driving model based on the verified historical running data.

[0066] In the embodiment of the present application, by verifying the consistency and continuity of the timestamp, the accuracy and reliability of the historical operation data can be ensured, and high-quality training data can be provided for the driving model. Accurate timestamps help to build a driving model that can better reflect the actual operation of the electrolyzer, and enhance the robustness of the model in the face of various disturbances in actual operation. Using data verified by timestamps to train the driving model can improve the accuracy of the model's prediction of the future trend of changes in the operating data of the electrolyzer, thereby more effectively identifying time periods when abnormalities may occur. In addition, accurate timestamps can ensure that data at different time points in the prediction process can be correctly corresponded and compared, and enhance the system's ability to detect abnormal situations. At the same time, the consistency and continuity verification of timestamps provides a clear time mark for the operating data of the electrolyzer, enhances the traceability of the data, and helps to quickly locate and analyze the cause when problems arise.

[0067] Specifically, historical data of the electrolyzer under different operating conditions, including temperature, pressure, electrolyte concentration, and hydrogen concentration in oxygen, are collected, and a timestamp is attached to each data record. For example, high-precision time synchronization technology (such as the NTP protocol) is used to ensure that the timestamps of all data are accurate. In addition, checking the consistency of timestamps can ensure that there is no time backtracking or jump.

[0068] Specifically, the collected data is preprocessed, including cleaning, denoising and formatting, to ensure data quality. Use the timestamp-verified and preprocessed historical operating data to train a driver model that can describe the changing trend of the electrolyzer operating data over time. During the operation of the electrolyzer, its operating data is collected in real time and input into the trained driver model to predict the operating trend in the future time period. Based on the prediction results of the model, identify the time period when anomalies may occur, such as abnormal increases in temperature or pressure, and take measures in advance to make adjustments to avoid potential equipment failures or performance degradation.

[0069] Furthermore, in some possible implementations, a timestamp is added to each historical data, and the consistency and continuity of the timestamp are verified. The driving model is trained based on the verified historical running data, including:

[0070] Check whether the timestamp of each data point is within the predetermined time range and whether the interval between timestamps meets the sampling frequency of the sensor;

[0071] and analyzing the distribution of timestamp intervals to identify anomalous intervals;

[0072] If an abnormal timestamp is identified, the timestamp is corrected and the error range of the timestamp before and after the correction is calculated to ensure that the error is within an acceptable threshold range.

[0073] in:

[0074] Check if the timestamp of each data point is within the predetermined time range: This sentence refers to verifying whether the timestamp attached to each data point in the collected historical operation data falls within a reasonable time window. For example, if the sensor of the electrolyzer records data once a minute, then the timestamp should be exactly every full minute.

[0075] Determine whether the interval between timestamps is consistent with the sampling frequency of the sensor: This sentence means that you need to confirm whether the interval between timestamps of consecutive data points is consistent with the sampling frequency set by the sensor. If the sensor is set to sample once every minute, then the interval between timestamps of two consecutive data points should be one minute.

[0076] Analyze the distribution of timestamp intervals to identify anomalous intervals: This sentence states that statistical analysis of timestamp intervals is needed to discover those that do not conform to the expected pattern, which may be caused by sensor failures, data recording errors, or other anomalies.

[0077] If abnormal timestamps are identified, correct the timestamps: This sentence means that once abnormal timestamps are found, measures need to be taken to adjust or correct these timestamps to ensure the accuracy of the data.

[0078] Calculate the error range of the timestamps before and after correction to ensure that the error is within an acceptable threshold range: This sentence emphasizes that after the timestamp is corrected, it is necessary to calculate the time errors before and after the correction and ensure that these errors are within the preset acceptable range to ensure the reliability of the data.

[0079] That is, in the embodiment of the present application, by ensuring the consistency and continuity of the timestamp, the quality of historical operation data can be improved, providing a basis for establishing an accurate driving model. Using strictly verified and corrected timestamp data to train the driving model can improve the accuracy of the model's prediction of the future operating trend of the electrolyzer. By analyzing the distribution of timestamp intervals, abnormalities in the data can be more effectively identified and processed, thereby improving the system's ability to detect operational anomalies. The identification and correction of abnormal timestamps helps to improve the robustness of the system, and the system can provide reliable operational predictions even when deviations occur in data records. In addition, accurate timestamps can help quickly locate and analyze faults or performance problems of the electrolyzer, thereby optimizing maintenance and troubleshooting processes. In addition, by ensuring the accuracy of the timestamp, misoperation caused by data errors can be avoided and the operational safety of the electrolyzer can be improved. At the same time, accurate timestamps provide reliable time markers for the operating data of the electrolyzer, which helps to trace and audit data when necessary.

[0080] That is, in the embodiment of the present application, by ensuring the accuracy and consistency of the timestamp, a more accurate and reliable data preprocessing method is provided for the operation control of the electrolytic cell, thereby improving the operation efficiency and safety of the entire system.

[0081] Further, in some possible implementations, based on the predicted change trend of the electrolytic cell operation data, identifying the time period when the electrolytic cell operation data may be abnormal includes:

[0082] Based on the identified abnormal time period, the hydrogen concentration value in oxygen in the electrolyzer during the abnormal time period is predicted, and the electrolysis parameters of the electrolyzer are adjusted in advance before the abnormal time period arrives, so that the predicted hydrogen concentration value in oxygen in the electrolyzer during the abnormal time period is within a preset concentration range.

[0083] In the embodiment of the present application, the driving model constructed based on historical operation data can accurately predict the change trend of the operation data of the electrolyzer in the future time period, including the hydrogen concentration value in oxygen. This prediction method not only takes into account the complex dynamic behavior inside the electrolyzer, but also can adapt to the changes in operating parameters, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the prediction. The method can identify the time period when the electrolyzer operation data may be abnormal, and predict the hydrogen concentration value in oxygen during these time periods. By adjusting the electrolysis parameters in advance, the hydrogen concentration value in oxygen can be prevented from exceeding the preset safety range, thereby avoiding potential equipment failure or performance degradation and reducing the risk of unexpected downtime. Before predicting the abnormal time period, the system can adjust the operating parameters of the electrolyzer in advance, such as current, temperature, pressure, etc., to ensure that the hydrogen concentration value in oxygen of the electrolyzer during the abnormal time period is within the preset safety range. This active adjustment strategy helps to improve the efficiency of electrolysis and reduce energy consumption, thereby achieving higher hydrogen production rate and lower operating costs. By real-time monitoring and predicting the operating status of the electrolyzer, it is possible to quickly respond to changes in grid demand and improve the flexibility and robustness of the system. Even in the face of input power with large volatility of renewable energy, the electrolyzer can maintain stable operation.

[0084] Further, in some possible implementations, adjusting the electrolysis parameters of the electrolytic cell in advance before the abnormal time period arrives includes:

[0085] If the hydrogen concentration value of oxygen in the electrolytic cell during the identified abnormal time period is lower than a preset safety range value interval, the current in the electrolytic cell and / or the concentration of the electrolyte and / or the temperature of the electrolyte are increased before the abnormal time period arrives;

[0086] On the contrary, the current in the electrolytic cell is reduced and / or the concentration of the electrolyte is reduced and / or the temperature of the electrolyte is reduced.

[0087] In the embodiment of the present application, by adjusting the electrolysis parameters before the abnormal time period arrives, potential safety risks can be proactively prevented to ensure the safe operation of the electrolyzer. By timely adjusting the electrolysis parameters, the concentration of hydrogen in oxygen is ensured to remain within a safe range, thereby optimizing the production efficiency and quality of hydrogen.

[0088] For example, the driving model predicts that the concentration of hydrogen in oxygen will be lower than the safe range in the next 30 minutes. At this time, the current can be increased from 100A to 120A to increase the rate of hydrogen generation. Increase the concentration of the electrolyte from 30g / L to 35g / L to enhance conductivity. Increase the temperature of the electrolyte from 60℃ to 65℃ to accelerate the reaction. After the adjustment, monitor the concentration of hydrogen in oxygen in real time to ensure that it is within the safe range. If it is found in subsequent monitoring that the concentration of hydrogen in oxygen is about to exceed the safe range, the system will automatically reduce the current or the concentration and temperature of the electrolyte to ensure safety.

[0089] Further, in some possible embodiments, the electrolyzer is a PEM electrolyzer;

[0090] If the hydrogen concentration value of oxygen in the electrolytic cell during the identified abnormal time period is lower than the preset safety range value interval, the current in the electrolytic cell and / or the concentration of the electrolyte and / or the temperature of the electrolyte are increased before the abnormal time period arrives, including the following steps:

[0091] Step A: starting the PEM electrolyzer at an initial current density;

[0092] Step B: after maintaining the initial current density to run stably, gradually increase the current density to the next predetermined level;

[0093] Step C: performing a stability test on the electrolytic cell at each predetermined current density level;

[0094] Step D: After the stability test is passed, the durability test is performed;

[0095] Step E: Repeat steps B to D until the target current density level is reached;

[0096] The initial current density is usually the safe working current density considered when designing the electrolyzer. At the initial current density, the performance of the electrolyzer can be monitored, including key parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, pressure and hydrogen production rate. At the same time, when operating at the initial current density, the air tightness, electrical connection, cooling system and control system of the electrolyzer can also be checked to see if they are working properly. The stability test includes real-time monitoring of the temperature, pressure and hydrogen concentration in oxygen of the electrolyzer, and judging whether the temperature, pressure and hydrogen concentration in oxygen of the electrolyzer are within the preset range. The durability test includes continuously running the electrolyzer for more than a preset time period, and judging the performance degradation of the electrolyzer after the period ends.

[0097] It should be noted that PEM electrolyzers are very sensitive to temperature and usually operate at 50°C-80°C. Excessively high temperatures may cause the proton exchange membrane to lose structural stability.

[0098] It should also be noted that an increase in the current density of the electrolyzer will lead to a linear increase in the hydrogen production, but it will also lead to an increase in the temperature inside the electrolyzer.

[0099] It should also be noted that when increasing the current density of a PEM electrolyzer, you may encounter hysteresis in temperature changes. This hysteresis is mainly caused by factors such as uneven heat distribution inside the electrolyzer, the response time of the thermal management system, and the thermal inertia of the electrolyzer material.

[0100] Based on this, in order to reduce this hysteresis and avoid overheating and damage to the proton exchange membrane, in the embodiment of the present application, when increasing the current density, by gradually increasing the current density rather than suddenly, the load of the temperature control system can be reduced, thereby reducing the hysteresis of temperature changes. Stability tests are performed at each current density level to promptly detect abnormal changes in temperature, pressure, and hydrogen concentration in oxygen, so as to promptly adjust operating parameters to avoid temperature runaway caused by hysteresis. Durability tests help evaluate the long-term performance of the electrolyzer at higher current densities, including temperature control capabilities, to ensure that the electrolyzer can remain within a preset temperature range even after long-term operation.

[0101] Specific:

[0102] Step A: Start the PEM electrolyzer at an initial current density. This step ensures that the electrolyzer starts operating at a safe current density, avoiding the risk of being at too high a temperature at the beginning.

[0103] Step B: Increase the current density gradually. By increasing the current density gradually rather than suddenly, the load on the temperature control system can be reduced, thereby reducing the hysteresis of the temperature change.

[0104] Step C: Stability test. Stability test is performed at each current density level to timely detect abnormal changes in temperature, pressure and hydrogen concentration in oxygen, so as to adjust the operating parameters in time to avoid temperature runaway caused by hysteresis.

[0105] Step D: Durability testing, durability testing helps evaluate the long-term performance of the electrolyzer at higher current densities, including temperature control capabilities, ensuring that the electrolyzer can maintain a preset temperature range even after long periods of operation.

[0106] Step E: Repeat steps B to D. This step ensures that the entire current density increase process is iterative and controlled, and each step is based on the previous step, thereby ensuring the continuity and effectiveness of temperature control throughout the process.

[0107] That is, in the embodiment of the present application, when adjusting the current density of the electrolytic cell, a cautious and controlled method is provided to increase the current density while ensuring the accuracy and timeliness of temperature control, thereby avoiding the risks caused by the hysteresis of temperature changes. This method helps to extend the service life of the electrolytic cell, improve its operating efficiency, and ensure operational safety.

[0108] Specifically, in some possible implementations, the PEM electrolyzer is started with an initial current density j0, and after the initial current density is kept stable, the current density is gradually increased to the next predetermined level, including:

[0109] The PEM electrolyzer is started with an initial current density j0. After the initial current density j0 is kept stable, the current density j0 is increased according to the exponential relationship j. n =j0*(1+r) n gradually increasing the current density to a next predetermined level;

[0110] where j n is the nth current density level, r is the growth rate, and n is the current number of steps.

[0111] In the embodiment of the present application, the current density of the electrolytic cell is gradually increased by using an exponential relationship, which can ensure the stability and performance of the electrolytic cell when the current density is increased, and can make the increase of the current density smoother and reduce the impact on the electrolytic cell.

[0112] Specifically, the exponential relationship provided above provides a gradual growth method, which means that each increase in current density is based on a fixed proportion of the previous level. This gradual growth helps the various components of the electrolyzer gradually adapt to new operating conditions instead of suddenly facing large changes. Traditional linear increases or step increases may cause the step changes in current density to be too large, which will have a negative impact on the stability and life of the electrolyzer. The exponential growth method avoids this situation through smaller step changes, thereby reducing thermal shock and mechanical stress on the electrolyzer. In addition, exponential growth allows the system to make adaptive adjustments based on current performance feedback. If the electrolyzer shows signs of instability at a certain current density level, the growth rate can be reduced or suspended until the system stabilizes.

[0113] As can be seen from the above, the PEM electrolyzer generates heat during operation, and a sudden increase in current density may cause overheating, thereby damaging the proton exchange membrane or other key components. In the embodiment of the present application, by setting such an exponential growth to control the heat generation rate, more time can be provided to manage the temperature of the electrolyzer, thereby reducing the thermal shock to the electrolyzer.

[0114] In addition, by slowly increasing the current density, the components of the electrolyzer can better adapt to the continuously changing working environment, which helps to extend the service life of the electrolyzer and improve its overall durability. At the same time, exponential growth allows operators to more carefully explore and optimize the operating window of the electrolyzer and find the best current density level to achieve the highest efficiency and the lowest energy consumption. And before reaching the target current density, exponential growth provides multiple intermediate steps to evaluate the performance and stability of the electrolyzer, providing operators with more safety margins to avoid potential damage.

[0115] In summary, the exponential relationship adjustment helps to reduce the impact on the PEM electrolyzer and improve its operational stability and durability by providing a smooth and gradual way to increase the current density.

[0116] Furthermore, in some possible implementations, the operation control method further includes:

[0117] During the process of gradually increasing the current density to the next predetermined level, the operating parameters of the electrolyzer are monitored in real time;

[0118] Determine the performance index and stability index of the electrolytic cell according to the operating state of the electrolytic cell, and dynamically adjust the growth rate r based on the performance index and stability index of the electrolytic cell;

[0119] The performance index is a quantitative assessment based on the hydrogen production, energy consumption or related efficiency indicators of the electrolyzer, and the stability index is a quantitative assessment based on the temperature fluctuation, pressure change or fluctuation of the hydrogen concentration in oxygen of the electrolyzer.

[0120] Specifically, the hydrogen production of an electrolyzer refers to the volume of hydrogen produced per unit time under specific conditions. This indicator reflects the hydrogen production capacity of the electrolyzer, which is usually related to the current density and the active area of ​​the electrolyzer. Energy consumption refers to the electrical energy required to produce a certain amount of hydrogen, usually expressed in kWh / m 3It is expressed in H2 or kWh / kg. Unit energy consumption is a key indicator to measure the efficiency of the electrolyzer, which is directly related to the operating cost of the electrolyzer. The relevant efficiency indicators include hydrogen production efficiency, current efficiency and voltage efficiency. The hydrogen production efficiency refers to the efficiency of the electrolyzer in converting electrical energy into hydrogen energy, which can be DC efficiency (considering Faraday efficiency and voltage efficiency) or system efficiency (including the energy consumption of all auxiliary equipment). Current efficiency refers to the ratio of the actual amount of hydrogen produced to the theoretical amount of hydrogen produced. A current efficiency close to 1 indicates that the electrolysis process is efficient and almost no side reactions occur. Voltage efficiency refers to the ratio of the actual working voltage of the electrolyzer to the thermal neutral voltage (that is, the theoretical minimum voltage for electrolyzing water at a given temperature). The voltage efficiency reflects the energy loss of the electrolyzer during the electrochemical process.

[0121] In the embodiment of the present application, the growth rate r is dynamically adjusted based on the performance index and stability index of the electrolytic cell, which can more flexibly respond to changes in the operating conditions of the electrolytic cell, ensuring that the stability and performance of the electrolytic cell are optimized while increasing the current density.

[0122] Specifically, in some possible implementations, the performance index and stability index of the electrolytic cell are determined according to the operating state of the electrolytic cell, and the growth rate r is dynamically adjusted based on the performance index and stability index of the electrolytic cell, including:

[0123] When the performance index of the electrolyzer exceeds a preset efficiency threshold and the stability index is higher than a preset stability threshold, the growth rate r is increased to speed up the increase of the current density;

[0124] When the performance index of the electrolytic cell is lower than the efficiency threshold or the stability index is lower than the stability threshold, the growth rate r is reduced or the increase of the current density is suspended until the performance index and the stability index recover to above the preset corresponding thresholds.

[0125] In the embodiment of the present application, by real-time monitoring of the operating parameters of the electrolyzer, and dynamically adjusting the growth rate r based on the performance index and the stability index, this method can make the operation of the electrolyzer more flexible and adaptable. When the performance index and the stability index exceed the preset threshold, the growth rate r is increased to speed up the increase in current density, otherwise the growth rate r is reduced or the increase is suspended until it is restored to above the safety threshold. Through real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment, this method can ensure that the electrolyzer operates under safe conditions and avoid equipment damage or safety accidents caused by excessive current density.

[0126] In some examples, assume that a PEM electrolyzer is designed with a current density of 2A / cm 2 The initial current density was set to 1 A / cm 2 By implementing the above method, we firstly 2The electrolyzer is started and the operating parameters are monitored in real time. In the initial stage, the performance index and stability index are both above the preset thresholds, so we can gradually increase the current density in an exponential relationship. At each new current density level, we perform stability tests to ensure that the temperature, pressure, and hydrogen concentration in oxygen values ​​are within the preset range. Once the stability test is passed, we proceed to durability testing to evaluate the performance degradation.

[0127] As the current density increases, if the performance index starts to decline or the stability index falls below a preset threshold, we will dynamically adjust the growth rate r or even suspend the increase in current density until the system stabilizes. In this way, we ensure that the electrolyzer maintains efficient, safe and stable operation while increasing the current density.

[0128] In the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant description of other embodiments. The steps shown in the relevant flow chart can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and although the logical order is shown in the flow chart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in an order different from that here. In other words, the order of steps described in the foregoing embodiments is only an example, and it is also within the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present application to reasonably adjust the order of steps based on the content of the embodiments of the present application.

[0129] The sequence of serial numbers or introduction of the embodiments of the present application is for description only and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0130] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0131] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the operation of an electrolytic cell, characterized in that: The control method comprises: Collect historical operation data of electrolyzer; Based on the historical operation data of the electrolyzer, a driving model of the electrolyzer operation data changing over time is constructed; Acquire the real-time operation data of the electrolytic cell, and input the real-time operation data of the electrolytic cell into the driving model to predict the change trend of the operation data of the electrolytic cell within a future time range; Based on the predicted change trend of the electrolytic cell operation data, identify the time period when the electrolytic cell operation data may be abnormal.

2. The operation control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operation data of the electrolyzer includes electrolysis parameters of the electrolyzer and hydrogen concentration in oxygen of the electrolyzer; The electrolysis parameters of the electrolytic cell at least include temperature data of the electrolytic cell, pressure of the electrolytic cell and parameter data of the electrolyte.

3. The operation control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method of constructing a driving model of the electrolytic cell operation data changing over time based on the historical operation data of the electrolytic cell comprises: Attach a timestamp to each piece of historical data, verify the consistency and continuity of the timestamp, and train the driving model based on the verified historical running data.

4. The operation control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method of adding a timestamp to each historical data and verifying the consistency and continuity of the timestamp, and training the driving model based on the verified historical running data, includes: Check whether the timestamp of each data point is within the predetermined time range and whether the interval between timestamps meets the sampling frequency of the sensor; and analyzing the distribution of timestamp intervals to identify anomalous intervals; If an abnormal timestamp is identified, the timestamp is corrected and the error range of the timestamp before and after the correction is calculated to ensure that the error is within an acceptable threshold range.

5. The operation control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Shanghai 2024-11492-M240571CNI Based on the predicted trend of electrolytic cell operation data changes, identify the time periods when the electrolytic cell operation data may be abnormal, including: Based on the identified abnormal time period, the hydrogen concentration value in oxygen in the electrolyzer during the abnormal time period is predicted, and the electrolysis parameters of the electrolyzer are adjusted in advance before the abnormal time period arrives, so that the predicted hydrogen concentration value in oxygen in the electrolyzer during the abnormal time period is within a preset concentration range.

6. The operation control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step of adjusting the electrolysis parameters of the electrolytic cell in advance before the abnormal time period arrives includes: If the hydrogen concentration value of oxygen in the electrolytic cell during the identified abnormal time period is lower than a preset safety range value interval, the current in the electrolytic cell and / or the concentration of the electrolyte and / or the temperature of the electrolyte are increased before the abnormal time period arrives; On the contrary, the current in the electrolytic cell is reduced and / or the concentration of the electrolyte is reduced and / or the temperature of the electrolyte is reduced.

7. The operation control method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The electrolyzer is a PEM electrolyzer; If the hydrogen concentration value of oxygen in the electrolytic cell during the identified abnormal time period is lower than a preset safety range value interval, the current in the electrolytic cell and / or the concentration of the electrolyte and / or the temperature of the electrolyte are increased before the abnormal time period arrives, comprising the following steps: Step A: starting the PEM electrolyzer at an initial current density; Step B: after maintaining the initial current density to run stably, gradually increase the current density to the next predetermined level; Step C: performing a stability test on the electrolytic cell at each predetermined current density level; Step D: After the stability test is passed, the durability test is performed; Step E: Repeat steps B to D until the target current density level is reached; The initial current density is usually the safe working current density considered when designing the electrolyzer. The stability test includes real-time monitoring of the temperature, pressure and hydrogen concentration in oxygen of the electrolyzer, and judging whether the temperature, pressure and hydrogen concentration in oxygen of the electrolyzer are within a preset range. The durability test includes continuously operating the electrolyzer for more than a preset time period, and judging the performance degradation of the electrolyzer after the period ends.

8. The operation control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method of starting the PEM electrolyzer with an initial current density and gradually increasing the current density to a next predetermined level after maintaining the initial current density stable comprises: The PEM electrolyzer is started with an initial current density j0. After the initial current density j0 is kept stable, the current density j0 is increased according to the exponential relationship j. n =j0*(1+r) n gradually increasing the current density to a next predetermined level; where j n is the nth current density level, r is the growth rate, and n is the current number of steps.

9. The operation control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The operation control method further includes: During the process of gradually increasing the current density to the next predetermined level, the operating parameters of the electrolyzer are monitored in real time; Determine the performance index and stability index of the electrolytic cell according to the operating state of the electrolytic cell, and dynamically adjust the growth rate r based on the performance index and stability index of the electrolytic cell; The performance index is a quantitative assessment based on the hydrogen production, energy consumption or related efficiency indicators of the electrolyzer, and the stability index is a quantitative assessment based on the temperature fluctuation, pressure change or fluctuation of the hydrogen concentration value in the electrolyzer.

10. The operation control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The step of determining the performance index and stability index of the electrolytic cell according to the operating state of the electrolytic cell, and dynamically adjusting the growth rate r based on the performance index and stability index of the electrolytic cell, comprises: When the performance index of the electrolyzer exceeds a preset efficiency threshold and the stability index is higher than a preset stability threshold, the growth rate r is increased to speed up the increase of the current density; When the performance index of the electrolytic cell is lower than the efficiency threshold or the stability index is lower than the stability threshold, the growth rate r is reduced or the increase of the current density is suspended until the performance index and the stability index recover to above the preset corresponding thresholds.

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