Spliced water diversion and drainage structure between tunnel linings

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel drainage, and relates to a split mounting type water diversion and drainage structure between tunnel linings, which comprises a plurality of drainage assemblies arranged between the inner wall of a primary support and the outer wall of a secondary lining, and the drainage assemblies are sequentially and closely arranged along the direction perpendicular to the palm surface of a tunnel; each of the straight section drainage unit, the transition section drainage unit and the arc section drainage unit comprises a main body part, and the surface, attached to the secondary lining, of the main body part is set as the right surface; one side surface, facing the primary support, of the main body part is a left surface; the forward surface, perpendicular to the tunnel palm face, of the body part is the front face. The surface opposite to the front surface is the rear surface; the other two surfaces are respectively marked as an upper surface and a lower surface; the first splicing block and the second splicing block are respectively fixed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the main body part; the two side plates are fixed on the left surface of the main body part; the main body part, the left face of the first splicing block, the front face of the first side plate and the rear face of the second side plate jointly define a drainage groove. The drainage structure can be rapidly formed, and the drainage effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel drainage, and in particular relates to an assembled drainage structure between tunnel linings. Background Art

[0002] A tunnel is an engineering facility excavated for the passage of traffic. If the surrounding rock of the tunnel contains groundwater, it will cause water seepage in the tunnel and affect the driving safety of the tunnel.

[0003] Application publication number CN111608727A discloses a composite drainage system for a cold mountain tunnel and its construction method. In the prior art, a permeable concrete layer is used as the drainage path for the tunnel. Water in the surrounding rock fissures can be discharged into the arch foot drainage ditch through the drainage channel constructed by the pores of the concrete layer itself, thereby preventing water in the surrounding rock fissures from entering the tunnel.

[0004] The defects of this prior art are: 1. The solidification period of the concrete layer is long, and it is impossible to quickly form a drainage structure for the tunnel; the drainage effect cannot be achieved in a short period of time.

[0005] 2. When rainwater or groundwater passes through permeable concrete, the water flow often contains various suspended particles, such as silt, leaves and other organic matter. These particles may gradually settle in the pores of the concrete as the speed of the water flow changes during the flow. When the water flow speed is low, the kinetic energy of the particles is not enough to overcome gravity, so they begin to settle and accumulate in the pores, resulting in a reduction in the effective pore area. This process is often cumulative, and over time, the amount of sediment gradually increases, which may eventually lead to complete blockage of the pores, and the water flow cannot penetrate smoothly, resulting in water accumulation.

[0006] 3. Chemical components contained in water, such as calcium, magnesium, and iron ions, may react with the components of concrete to form insoluble precipitates. For example, calcium ions in water will form calcium carbonate precipitates when combined with carbonate ions. These precipitates will gradually accumulate in the pores, further hindering the flow of water. In addition, sulfates in water may also react with cement components to form crystalline precipitates, further exacerbating blockage. Summary of the invention

[0007] The tunnel lining inter-assembly type drainage structure of the present invention can achieve drainage and prevent blockage at the same time.

[0008] The present invention discloses a tunnel lining inter-assembly type drainage structure, comprising a plurality of drainage components arranged between the primary support inner wall and the secondary lining outer wall, wherein each drainage component is arranged closely in sequence along a direction perpendicular to the tunnel face; Each drainage component fits the annular area of ​​the tunnel and is used to drain the seepage water generated in the annular area of ​​the tunnel; each drainage component is composed of a number of straight-section drainage units, two transition-section drainage units and a number of arc-section drainage units; The straight section drainage unit, the transition section drainage unit and the arc section drainage unit have the same structure; the straight section drainage unit, the transition section drainage unit and the arc section drainage unit all include: The main body, the surface of the main body that is in contact with the secondary lining is the right side; the surface of the main body facing the primary support is the left side; the surface of the main body that is perpendicular to the tunnel palm and faces forward is the front side; the surface opposite to the front side is the back side; the other two surfaces are recorded as the top and bottom sides respectively; The first splicing block and the second splicing block are fixed on the upper and lower sides of the main body, respectively; the left side of the first splicing block is coplanar with the left side of the main body, and the right side of the second splicing block is coplanar with the right side of the main body; when adjacent drainage units are spliced, the right side of the first splicing block of one drainage unit is overlapped on the left side of the second splicing block of another drainage unit, and the first splicing block and the second splicing block are connected by bolts; Two side panels are fixed on the left side of the main body, and the side surfaces of the two side panels along the front-to-back direction do not contact each other; the two side panels are respectively the first side panel and the second side panel, the back of the first side panel is coplanar with the back of the main body panel; the front of the second side panel is coplanar with the front of the main body panel; the tops of the two side panels are coplanar with the top of the first splicing block, and the bottoms of the two side panels are coplanar with the bottom of the main body; the left sides of the two side panels cater to the shape of the initial support; the left side of the main body and the first splicing block, the front of the first side panel, and the back of the second side panel together form a drainage ditch; the left side of the main body and the first splicing block is set as the bottom surface of the drainage ditch.

[0009] In this solution, the drainage assembly is composed of several drainage units, which can be assembled into a drainage structure in a short time to achieve drainage. When splicing, the first splicing block and the second splicing block are stacked on each other and then connected with bolts. The stacked first splicing block and the second splicing block effectively extend the seepage path and prevent the seepage water from passing through the first splicing block and the second splicing block.

[0010] Furthermore, a plurality of connecting edges are integrally provided on the bottom surface of the drainage groove, and each connecting edge is arranged in parallel along the front-to-back direction; a drainage groove is formed between adjacent connecting edges; the upper surface of the connecting edge is coplanar with the upper surface of the first splicing block, and the lower surface of the connecting edge is coplanar with the lower surface of the main body.

[0011] The connection edges are provided to reduce the channel of the drainage trough and the cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid becomes smaller. According to the Bernoulli principle, the water flow rate in the drainage trough is accelerated, avoiding the accumulation of silt and other debris in the drainage trough due to the slow flow rate, so that the drainage trough has a long-term drainage effect.

[0012] Furthermore, when viewed from above, the drainage groove is V-shaped.

[0013] The V-shaped drainage trough has the smallest contact area with the water body and the smallest boundary disturbance to the water body. The smallest disturbance can prevent water from being retained in the drainage trough, which is beneficial to drainage of the drainage trough.

[0014] Furthermore, geotextile is laid on the inner wall of the initial support.

[0015] Furthermore, water collecting pipes are provided at both ends of the drainage component. The water collecting pipes are used to receive the seepage water collected by the drainage component. The water collecting pipes are connected to the municipal drainage pipe through a connecting pipe.

[0016] Further, the bolt passes through the second splicing block and is screwed into the first splicing block, and the bolt does not pass through the first splicing block.

[0017] The bolts do not penetrate the first joint groove, and do not damage the seepage path between the first joint block and the second joint block. The seepage path between the first joint block and the second joint block is still the joint seam between the first joint block and the second joint block. Therefore, the seepage water will not flow to the secondary lining due to the increase in the seepage path. Beneficial Effects

[0018] The drainage component of this solution is assembled by drainage units and can achieve drainage in a short time.

[0019] Adding connecting edges reduces the cross-sectional area of ​​water flow, increases the water flow rate, and avoids silt accumulation in the water body.

[0020] The V-shaped drainage channel has minimal boundary disturbance to the water body and will not cause water to be retained in the drainage channel.

[0021] The first splicing block and the second splicing block are stacked and then spliced, which can extend the seepage path, weaken the seepage effect, and prevent the seepage water from reaching the secondary lining through the seepage path. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel face; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the straight section drainage unit; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of drainage of V-shaped drainage trough; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of drainage of arc drainage trough; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of drainage of rectangular drainage trough; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the joint seam after the first joint plate and the second joint plate are overlapped and assembled.

[0023] 1. Initial support; 2. Geotextile; 3. Drainage assembly; 4. Waterproof material layer; 5. Secondary lining; 6. Straight section drainage unit; 7. Transition section drainage unit; 8. Arc section drainage unit; 31. Main body; 32. First splicing block; 33. Second splicing block; 34. First side plate; 35. Second side plate; 36. Bolts; 37. Drainage trough; 38. Connecting edge; 39. Drainage trough; 9. Collecting pipe; 10. Connecting pipe; 11. Municipal drainage pipe; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] See Figure 1 A tunnel lining inter-assembly type drainage structure comprises a geotextile 2 laid on the inner wall of the tunnel primary support 1 and a waterproof material coated on the outer wall of the secondary lining 5.

[0026] A plurality of drainage components 3 are arranged between the inner wall of the geotextile 2 and the outer wall of the waterproof material.

[0027] Assume that there are N drainage components 3, and the N drainage components 3 are arranged closely in sequence along the length direction of the tunnel. Figure 1 The paper directions are set closely in sequence.

[0028] Any drainage component 3 is arranged around the tunnel in a circle, and each drainage component 3 can drain the seepage water around the tunnel in a circle. All drainage components 3 are used to drain the seepage water on the entire inner wall of the tunnel.

[0029] From a perspective perpendicular to the tunnel face, Figure 1 From the perspective, only one drainage component 3 can be observed.

[0030] A drainage component 3 is composed of a plurality of straight-section drainage units 6 , two transition-section drainage units 7 and a plurality of arc-section drainage units 8 .

[0031] From a perspective perpendicular to the tunnel face, a number of arc-section drainage units 8 are spliced ​​in sequence to form an arc-shaped drainage section; two transition-section drainage units 7 are spliced ​​at both ends of the arc-shaped drainage section; a number of straight-section drainage units 6 are divided into two groups, and a number of straight-section drainage units 6 in each group are spliced ​​in sequence to form a vertical drainage section, for a total of two vertical drainage sections, and the two vertical drainage sections are spliced ​​at both ends of the transition-section drainage unit 7, to finally form a drainage assembly 3.

[0032] The two ends of the drainage component 3 are respectively connected with water collecting pipes 9 to receive the seepage water. Under the action of self-weight, the seepage water at the two ends of the drainage component 3 flows into the corresponding water collecting pipes 9. The water collecting pipes 9 are connected to the municipal drainage pipe 11 through the corresponding connecting pipes 10, so as to discharge the seepage water from the drainage component 3 through the water collecting pipes 9 and the connecting pipes 10 in sequence. The water collecting pipes 9, the connecting pipes 10 and the municipal drainage pipes 11 are all pre-buried in the tunnel ground.

[0033] The structures of the straight section drainage unit 6, the transition section drainage unit 7 and the arc section drainage unit 8 are the same. Because the straight section drainage unit 6, the transition section drainage unit 7 and the arc section drainage unit 8 are respectively located at different positions of the tunnel, they cater to the shapes of the corresponding positions of the tunnel, so the straight section drainage unit 6, the transition section drainage unit 7 and the arc section drainage unit 8 have similar shapes.

[0034] See Figure 2 The straight section drainage unit 6, the transition section drainage unit 7 and the arc section drainage unit 8 all include: The main body 31 is fitted to the outer wall of the secondary lining 5 (ignoring the waterproof layer formed by the waterproof material). As mentioned above, because the main body 31 needs to fit the outer wall of the secondary lining, the main body 31 has three corresponding shapes for fitting the outer wall of the secondary lining 5. Specifically, in this embodiment, the main body 31 of the straight-section drainage unit 6 is a rectangular plate; the main body 31 of the curved drainage unit is a curved plate; the main body 31 of the transition-section drainage unit 7 is a rectangular plate at one end close to the straight-section drainage unit 6, and a curved plate at one end close to the curved drainage unit 8.

[0035] In this embodiment, only the straight section drainage unit 6 is taken as an example: From the perspective perpendicular to the tunnel palm surface, the surface of the main body 31 that is in contact with the secondary lining 5 is the right side; the surface of the main body 31 facing the geotextile 2 is the left side; the surface of the main body 31 that is perpendicular to the tunnel palm surface and faces forward is the front side; the surface opposite to the front side is the back side; the other two surfaces are respectively recorded as the top and the bottom.

[0036] The first splicing block 32 and the second splicing block 33 are fixed on the upper and lower sides of the main body 31, respectively. Taking the straight section drainage unit 6 as an example, the left side of the first splicing block 32 is coplanar with the left side of the main body 31, and the right side of the second splicing block 33 is coplanar with the right side of the main body 31. When two adjacent drainage units are spliced, the right side of the first splicing block 32 of one drainage unit is overlapped on the left side of the second splicing block 33 of the other drainage unit, and the first splicing block 32 and the second splicing block 33 of the two straight section drainage units 6 are fixedly connected by bolts 36. The bolts 36 pass through the second splicing block 33 in the left-right direction and are screwed into the first splicing block 32, and the bolts do not pass through the first splicing block 32.

[0037] The shapes of the first splicing block 32 and the second splicing block 33 are also as described above, conforming to the outer wall of the secondary lining 5. That is, as described above, the first splicing block 32 and the second splicing block 33 of the straight section drainage unit 6 are composed of rectangular plates; the first splicing block 32 and the second splicing block 33 of the arc section drainage unit 8 are composed of arc plates; the first splicing block 32 of the transition section drainage unit 7 is a rectangular plate, and the second splicing block 33 is an arc plate.

[0038] Two side panels are arranged in parallel along the front-to-back direction. Taking the straight-section drainage unit 6 as an example, the two side panels are fixed on the left side of the main body 31, and the sides of the two side panels along the front-to-back direction do not contact each other, and the two side panels are rectangular panels. The two side panels are respectively the first side panel 34 and the second side panel 35, and the back of the first side panel 34 is coplanar with the back of the main body panel; the front of the second side panel 35 is coplanar with the front of the main body panel. The tops of the two side panels are coplanar with the top of the first splicing block 32, and the bottoms of the two side panels are coplanar with the bottom of the main body 31. The left sides of the two side panels are in contact with the inner wall of the geotextile 2. Similarly, in order to cater to the shape of the initial support, the first side panel 34 and the second side panel 35 of the arc-section drainage unit 8 are arc-shaped panels; the first side panel 34 and the second side panel 35 of the transition section drainage unit 7 are rectangular panels close to the end of the straight-section drainage unit 6, and are arc panels close to the end of the arc-section drainage unit 8.

[0039] The main body 31 and the left side of the first assembly block 32, the front of the first side plate 34, and the rear of the second side plate 35 together form a drainage groove 37. The left side of the main body 31 and the first assembly block 32 is set as the bottom surface of the drainage groove 37.

[0040] The bottom surface of the drainage groove 37 is integrally provided with a plurality of connecting ridges 38, and each connecting ridge 38 is arranged in parallel along the front-back direction. When viewed from the top to the bottom, the connecting ridge 38 is in the shape of an isosceles triangle. The left end of the connecting ridge 38 abuts against the inner wall of the geotextile 2. The upper surface of the connecting ridge 38 is coplanar with the upper surface of the first splicing block 32, and the lower surface of the connecting ridge 38 is coplanar with the lower surface of the main body 31.

[0041] A drainage groove 39 is formed between adjacent connecting edges 38 , and when viewed from the upper surface downward, the drainage groove 39 is in a V-shape.

[0042] The benefits of this structure are: 1. The drainage groove 39 is inclined along the side of the front-back direction, which has the advantage of collecting water flow. The seepage water from the initial support 1 first flows to the side wall of the V-shaped drainage groove 39, and under the action of the water gravity, it finally gathers to the right end of the drainage groove 39, that is, the bottom of the V-shaped drainage groove 39, and the drainage groove 39 plays a role in guiding water, realizing rapid drainage.

[0043] 2. The connecting edge 38 is arranged in the drainage groove 37. According to the Bernoulli principle, the channel of the drainage groove 37 becomes narrower and the cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid becomes smaller. Under the condition of constant pressure, the smaller cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid will lead to a faster flow rate of the fluid in the drainage groove 37. The faster the flow rate, the stronger the flushing ability of the drainage groove 39, and the less likely it is to cause the drainage groove 39 to be accumulated by silt, thereby avoiding the situation where the drainage groove 39 is blocked by silt, and ensuring that the drainage groove 39 has a long-term drainage effect.

[0044] 3. The boundary effect disturbance of the V-shaped drainage groove 39 is small. In fluid mechanics, water flow has a boundary effect, that is, when the fluid contacts the solid boundary, the flow characteristics change due to the viscosity. The fluid layer close to the solid boundary is called the boundary layer.

[0045] At the macro level, the larger the contact area between the water flow and the solid boundary, the greater the boundary effect disturbance on the water flow.

[0046] from Figure 3-Figure 5 It is not difficult to see that when the left end width of the drainage groove 39 is equal, compared with the rectangular drainage groove 39, the annular drainage groove 39 or other shapes, the V-shaped drainage groove 39 has the smallest contact area with the water flow, so the V-shaped drainage groove 39 has the smallest boundary effect disturbance on the water flow. The smallest boundary effect disturbance is the least likely to cause water retention and the least impact on drainage.

[0047] 4. The first splicing block 32 and the second splicing block 33 are coated with waterproof material before overlapping each other, and then stacked on each other and spliced ​​again, which can extend the seepage path and weaken the seepage effect. Figure 6 The shape of the joint between the first joint block 32 and the second joint block 33 is bent. Compared with the non-overlapping joint, the overlapping joint in this scheme extends the seepage path, increases the flow resistance of the seepage water, and prevents the seepage water from flowing through the joint to the secondary lining 5.

[0048] Based on the above ideal embodiments of the present invention, the relevant staff can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of the present invention through the above description. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A tunnel lining assembled drainage structure, characterized in that: It includes a plurality of drainage components arranged between the inner wall of the primary support and the outer wall of the secondary lining, and each drainage component is arranged closely in sequence along a direction perpendicular to the tunnel face; Each drainage component fits the annular area of ​​the tunnel and is used to drain the seepage water generated in the annular area of ​​the tunnel; each drainage component is composed of a number of straight-section drainage units, two transition-section drainage units and a number of arc-section drainage units; The straight section drainage unit, the transition section drainage unit and the arc section drainage unit have the same structure; the straight section drainage unit, the transition section drainage unit and the arc section drainage unit all include: The main body; the surface of the main body that is in contact with the secondary lining is the right side; the surface of the main body facing the primary support is the left side; the surface of the main body that is perpendicular to the tunnel palm and faces forward is the front side; the surface opposite to the front side is the back side; the other two surfaces are recorded as the top and bottom sides respectively; The first splicing block and the second splicing block are fixed on the upper and lower sides of the main body, respectively; the left side of the first splicing block is coplanar with the left side of the main body, and the right side of the second splicing block is coplanar with the right side of the main body; when adjacent drainage units are spliced, the right side of the first splicing block of one drainage unit is overlapped on the left side of the second splicing block of another drainage unit, and the first splicing block and the second splicing block are connected by bolts; Two side panels are fixed on the left side of the main body, and the side surfaces of the two side panels along the front-to-back direction do not contact each other; the two side panels are respectively the first side panel and the second side panel, the back of the first side panel is coplanar with the back of the main body panel; the front of the second side panel is coplanar with the front of the main body panel; the tops of the two side panels are coplanar with the top of the first splicing block, and the bottoms of the two side panels are coplanar with the bottom of the main body; the left sides of the two side panels cater to the shape of the initial support; the left side of the main body and the first splicing block, the front of the first side panel, and the back of the second side panel together form a drainage ditch; the left side of the main body and the first splicing block is set as the bottom surface of the drainage ditch.

2. The tunnel lining assembled drainage structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottom surface of the drainage groove is integrally provided with a plurality of connecting edges, each connecting edge is arranged in parallel along the front-back direction; a drainage groove is formed between adjacent connecting edges; the upper surface of the connecting edge is coplanar with the upper surface of the first splicing block, and the lower surface of the connecting edge is coplanar with the lower surface of the main body.

3. The tunnel lining assembled drainage structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Looking from the top to the bottom, the drainage groove is in a V-shape.

4. The tunnel lining assembled drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Geotextile is laid on the inner wall of the initial support.

5. The tunnel lining assembled drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the drainage component are provided with water collecting pipes, which are used to receive the seepage water collected by the drainage component. The water collecting pipes are connected to the municipal drainage pipe through a connecting pipe.

6. The tunnel lining assembled drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bolt passes through the second splicing block and is screwed into the first splicing block, and the bolt does not pass through the first splicing block.

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