Intelligent detection system for house outer wall cracks

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crack detection, in particular to an intelligent detection system for house outer wall cracks, which comprises an optical frequency comb scanning module, a polarized light scattering analysis module, a holographic imaging refining module and a data integration and alarm module. According to the invention, the optical pulse emitted by the laser source is accurately controlled, high-precision scanning is carried out on the outer wall of the house, and the data acquisition precision is optimized, so that the spatial position information is captured more accurately, and the roughness and structure change information of the crack surface is extracted according to the polarization state change of the light through the measurement of the polarized light. The three-dimensional form of the crack is recovered by utilizing a holographic imaging technology, a detailed three-dimensional view of the crack is provided, and the crack change can be monitored in real time through comprehensive processing of data and setting of a warning threshold, so that the response speed and the processing efficiency of crack monitoring are remarkably improved, and the human intervention requirement is reduced; and the capability of preventing and dealing with crack propagation is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crack detection, and in particular to an intelligent detection system for cracks on exterior walls of houses. Background Art

[0002] Crack detection is an important field of engineering technology that focuses on identifying and evaluating cracks in structures through various methods and equipment, using a variety of scientific principles, including mechanical, optical, acoustic and electronic technologies, to detect and monitor the integrity and safety of structures. Optical methods may involve the use of high-resolution cameras, laser scanners and infrared imaging technology to capture images of cracks, while acoustic techniques may use ultrasound or acoustic emission technology to detect cracks to ensure stability and safety in long-term use.

[0003] Among them, the intelligent detection system for cracks in the exterior walls of houses is a system specially designed to identify and evaluate cracks in the exterior walls of houses. By integrating high-tech sensing equipment and data analysis software, it automatically detects cracks in the exterior walls and conducts quantitative analysis on them, providing a fast, accurate and cost-effective method to predict and prevent potential structural problems, thereby helping property owners, engineers and maintenance teams to take timely repair or reinforcement measures to extend the service life of the building and ensure the safety of personnel, which can significantly reduce the safety risks and maintenance costs caused by crack problems.

[0004] Existing technologies usually rely on static image capture for crack identification and assessment, and are insufficient in dynamically monitoring crack changes. Traditional technologies also lack data integration and real-time feedback capabilities, making it difficult to track and analyze crack changes in real time. In addition, existing methods often lack sufficient accuracy when analyzing the surface characteristics and depth information of cracks, and are unable to provide a comprehensive three-dimensional view of cracks, resulting in limited effectiveness in crack expansion warnings and the implementation of immediate intervention measures, resulting in the failure to promptly control building safety risks, increasing the potential dangers of the structure and maintenance costs. The lack of an efficient early warning system is particularly problematic in emergency situations, and it is easy to miss the best time to deal with it due to insufficient response. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings in the prior art and to propose an intelligent detection system for cracks in the exterior walls of houses.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: an intelligent detection system for cracks in the exterior wall of a house comprises: The optical frequency comb scanning module emits light pulses through a laser source to scan the exterior wall of the house, collect spatial position information, and perform preliminary crack identification based on the spatial data. By adjusting the laser pulse frequency and beam direction, the data collection accuracy is optimized and the spatial positioning data of the cracks is output; The polarized light scattering analysis module adjusts the polarization filter to irradiate the crack in a direction according to the crack spatial positioning data, measures the polarized light angle and polarization degree, analyzes the change in the polarization state of the light according to the measurement results, extracts the surface roughness and structural change information of the crack, and obtains the polarized light characteristic analysis results; The holographic imaging refinement module performs data processing, calculates light field information, performs phase difference analysis, restores the three-dimensional shape of the crack, and constructs a three-dimensional crack model based on the polarization light characteristic analysis results; The data integration and alarm module fuses the crack spatial positioning data, polarized light characteristic analysis results and three-dimensional crack model, records the crack width and depth, analyzes the crack expansion trend, continuously monitors the cracks based on the analysis results, sets a warning threshold, and automatically issues an alarm if the crack changes exceed the warning threshold, generating a real-time monitoring alarm record of cracks on the exterior wall of the house.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention, the step of collecting the spatial location information is: Start laser scanning, adjust the laser's emission power and wavelength according to the characteristics of the house's exterior wall materials, match the surface with different reflectivity, and generate adjusted laser setting parameters; Applying the adjusted laser setting parameters, the laser source emits an adjusted light pulse, captures the light signal reflected from the outer wall of the house, calculates the light pulse propagation time according to the signal strength and time delay, and obtains the reflected light pulse time data; Using the reflected light pulse time data, the formula is adopted: , Calculate the distance between the light pulse and the wall , generate spatial location information, where Represents the speed of light, in units of , Represents the light pulse propagation time in units of , Represents the delay adjustment factor of the wall material on the reflection of the light pulse.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention, the step of acquiring the crack space positioning data is: Based on the spatial position information, extract the distance and angle changes between the key coordinate points and the surface feature points, count the local distance fluctuations, and generate a preliminary parameter set for crack identification; According to the preliminary crack identification parameter set, the potential crack area of ​​the exterior wall is identified, and the frequency analysis of the crack area is performed using the formula, , Calculate and output the adjusted pulse transmission frequency ,in, and is the coordinate value of the adjacent feature point, in meters, is the beam angle after laser adjustment, in radians; The adjusted pulse frequency is used in combination with the beam angle parameter to repeatedly scan the potential crack area and output the crack spatial positioning data.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention, the steps of measuring the polarization angle and polarization degree are as follows: Based on the crack spatial positioning data, adjusting the parameters of the polarization filter, and confirming that the light beam accurately irradiates the target crack, generating a polarization filter parameter adjustment set; According to the polarization filter parameter adjustment set, the position and angle of the filter are adjusted to measure the angle and polarization degree of polarized light, using the formula, , Calculate the current polarized light intensity , generating polarized light measurement data, where is the current polarization angle in degrees, is the initial polarization angle in degrees, is the additional deflection angle introduced by the crack, in degrees, is the light intensity reference value, in lux; The polarized light measurement data is analyzed to check the accuracy of the light beam illumination and the polarization state, to confirm whether the polarization state meets the preset conditions, and to obtain the polarized light quality confirmation result.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention, the step of obtaining the polarization light characteristic analysis result is: Based on the polarized light measurement data, in-depth analysis is performed to identify the change in polarization state of the light beam after it passes through the crack, and a polarization state change analysis result is generated; Using the polarization state change analysis results, the crack surface roughness and structure change information extraction is performed, using the formula, , Calculate the reflectivity of the crack surface , obtain the crack surface feature information, where, is the refractive index of the material, is the crack depth in meters, is the wavelength of light in nanometers, is the angle of incidence in degrees; The polarized light measurement data and the crack surface feature information are integrated to perform data simulation, including light wave propagation model and crack surface optical response simulation, to generate polarized light characteristic analysis results.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention, the step of obtaining the three-dimensional fracture model is: Based on the polarization light characteristic analysis result, optical parameter processing is performed, polarization angle and light intensity data are integrated, polarization state is analyzed, and polarization light parameter description record is generated; Using the polarized light parameter description record, phase difference analysis is performed using the formula, , Calculating Phase Delay , generate phase difference data, where Represents the wavelength of light in nanometers. and Represents the light intensity perpendicular to and parallel to the polarization direction, respectively, in lux; Based on the phase difference data, three-dimensional reconstruction is performed, and a three-dimensional crack model is constructed and outputted in combination with the geometric distribution of the light field and the physical properties of the crack.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention, the analysis step of the crack extension trend is: Using the crack spatial positioning data, polarized light characteristic analysis results and three-dimensional crack model, data integration is performed, and through a multivariate regression analysis method, data files are unified to obtain comprehensive crack characteristic data; Based on the comprehensive crack characteristic data, edge detection technology is used to identify crack boundaries, record crack width and depth, and obtain crack size information; Using the crack size information, the crack expansion trend is evaluated using the formula: , Calculate the crack growth rate , and the crack extension trend analysis results are obtained, where Indicates the crack extension depth in mm. Indicates the crack extension width in mm. Indicates the crack expansion time in hours. Represents the width change rate, in units of , Represents the depth change rate, in units of .

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention, the steps for obtaining the real-time monitoring alarm record of the cracks on the exterior wall of the house are: Based on the crack extension trend analysis result, based on data prediction and statistical analysis, a warning threshold is determined to obtain a warning threshold setting result; Combined with the warning threshold setting result, real-time data collection is performed to monitor the width and depth changes of the cracks. When the monitoring data exceeds the warning threshold, the alarm program is activated to notify the monitoring center and related personnel in real time to obtain the alarm execution result; Based on the alarm execution result, monitoring data of timestamp, location, crack size and alert status are automatically recorded to generate crack monitoring and alarm records.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: In the present invention, by precisely controlling the light pulses emitted by the laser source, the exterior wall of the house is scanned with high precision, the data collection accuracy is optimized, and the capture of spatial position information is more accurate. By measuring polarized light, the roughness of the crack surface and the structural change information are extracted according to the change in the polarization state of light, so as to achieve in-depth analysis of the cracks. The three-dimensional morphology of the cracks is restored by using holographic imaging technology, and a detailed three-dimensional view of the cracks is provided. The comprehensive processing of data and the setting of warning thresholds can monitor the changes in the cracks in real time, significantly improve the response speed and processing efficiency of crack monitoring, reduce the need for human intervention, and improve the ability to prevent and respond to crack expansion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a system flow chart of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a flow chart of collecting spatial position information of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flow chart for obtaining fracture space positioning data of the present invention; Figure 4 The figure is a flow chart of measuring the polarization angle and polarization degree of the present invention; Figure 5 A flowchart for obtaining the polarization light characteristic analysis results of the present invention; Figure 6 A flowchart for obtaining a three-dimensional fracture model of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a flow chart for analyzing the crack expansion trend of the present invention; Figure 8 The present invention is a flow chart for obtaining real-time monitoring alarm records of cracks in the exterior wall of a house. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0017] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0018] See also Figure 1 , an intelligent detection system for cracks in the exterior wall of a house comprises, The optical frequency comb scanning module emits light pulses through a laser source to scan the exterior wall of the house, collect spatial position information, and perform preliminary crack identification based on the spatial data. By adjusting the laser pulse frequency and beam direction, the data collection accuracy is optimized and the spatial positioning data of the cracks is output; The polarized light scattering analysis module adjusts the polarization filter to irradiate the crack in a direction according to the spatial positioning data of the crack, measures the polarized light angle and polarization degree, analyzes the change in the polarization state of the light according to the measurement results, extracts the surface roughness and structural change information of the crack, and obtains the polarized light characteristic analysis results; The holographic imaging refinement module performs data processing based on the analysis results of polarized light characteristics, calculates light field information, performs phase difference analysis, restores the three-dimensional shape of the crack, and constructs a three-dimensional crack model; The data integration and alarm module fuses the crack spatial positioning data, polarization light characteristic analysis results and three-dimensional crack model, records the crack width and depth, analyzes the crack expansion trend, continuously monitors the cracks based on the analysis results, and sets warning thresholds. If the crack changes exceed the warning threshold, an alarm is automatically issued to generate a real-time monitoring alarm record of cracks on the exterior wall of the house.

[0019] The spatial positioning data of cracks include the scanning coordinates of the exterior wall of the house and the preliminary identification information of the cracks. The results of the polarized light characteristic analysis include the surface roughness and structural change information of the cracks. The three-dimensional crack model includes the crack morphology information and crack size information. The real-time monitoring alarm records of cracks on the exterior wall of the house include crack width, crack depth, crack expansion trend analysis records and alarm trigger records.

[0020] See also Figure 2 , the steps for collecting spatial location information are: Start laser scanning, adjust the laser's emission power and wavelength according to the characteristics of the house's exterior wall materials, match the surface with different reflectivity, and generate adjusted laser setting parameters; When starting laser scanning, the laser's emission power and wavelength are precisely adjusted according to the material and color characteristics of the house's exterior walls to adapt to different reflectivities, thereby achieving the best light pulse coverage effect. The process includes fine control and real-time monitoring of the laser output parameters. Through the laser's built-in sensor feedback system, the power and wavelength of the light pulse are adjusted in real time to ensure that each emitted light pulse can effectively illuminate the target surface and receive the best quality reflection signal. The parameter adjustment is based on the real-time collected reflectivity data and the optical characteristics analysis of the exterior wall material. In this way, it can automatically adapt to the reflective characteristics of different wall surfaces, thereby optimizing the scanning effect and generating adjusted laser setting parameters.

[0021] Applying the adjusted laser setting parameters, the laser source emits an adjusted light pulse, captures the light signal reflected from the outer wall of the house, calculates the light pulse propagation time according to the signal strength and time delay, and obtains the reflected light pulse time data; The laser source emits an adjusted light pulse and captures the light signal reflected from the outer wall of the house through the receiving device. The process involves the precise emission and reception of the light pulse to ensure that each emitted light pulse can reach the outer wall and return. The receiving device records the exact time of the light pulse return, and the emission and reception times are synchronously recorded by the high-precision clock system of the laser scanning device. The propagation time calculation formula is the light pulse return time minus the emission time, which is automatically calculated by the device and adjusts the sensitivity of the receiver to adapt to the signal strength of different reflectivity, thereby ensuring that the recorded time data is accurate.

[0022] Using the reflected light pulse time data, the formula is used, , Calculate the distance between the light pulse and the wall , generate spatial location information, where Represents the speed of light, in units of , Represents the light pulse propagation time in units of , Represents the delay adjustment factor of the wall material on the reflection of the light pulse; is the speed of light, , is the propagation time of the light pulse, and the time from emission to reception is , is the delay adjustment coefficient of the wall material for the light pulse reflection, . Substitute the values ​​into the formula and calculate: , , , , , , The results show that the actual distance of the light pulse from the outer wall of the house during the process of emission and reception is 449.5894 kilometers. The data is crucial for further spatial positioning and outer wall detection, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the measurement results.

[0023] See also Figure 3 , the steps to obtain the crack space positioning data are: Based on the spatial position information, the distance and angle changes between key coordinate points and surface feature points are extracted, local distance fluctuations are counted, and a preliminary set of crack identification parameters is generated; Based on the spatial position information, the distance and angle changes between key coordinate points and surface feature points are extracted to ensure complete coverage of the crack area. In the process, the distribution characteristics of each coordinate point need to be analyzed one by one, and the change rate of distance and angle is used as the key indicator for identifying crack characteristics. By selecting the distance difference and angle change characteristics between adjacent points, the distance increment between different points is calculated to form a preliminary crack identification parameter set. Specifically, by observing whether the adjacent distances of spatial coordinate points change significantly, the position of the crack edge can be judged, especially when the small distance fluctuations in the local area increase significantly, cracks are more likely to exist. In addition, the angle changes in the crack area also reflect the differences in the direction and direction of the surface cracks. Therefore, in this process, the angle change values ​​between each point are combined with the distance increment, and the preliminary parameter set for crack identification is established through data analysis of multiple points, and the initial identification parameters for subsequent frequency adjustment and precision optimization are obtained.

[0024] According to the preliminary set of crack identification parameters, the potential crack areas of the exterior wall are identified, and the frequency analysis of the crack areas is performed using the formula, , Calculate and output the adjusted pulse transmission frequency ,in, and is the coordinate value of the adjacent feature point, in meters, is the beam angle after laser adjustment, in radians; collection rice, Meters, then: , Beam angle Radians, plug the value into the formula: , , The results show that for crack areas where the distance between adjacent feature points is 0.3 meters and the beam angle is 0.785 radians, the optimal emission frequency of the laser pulse should be set to 3.65 Hz, which helps to obtain higher-resolution crack data and ensure the accuracy of subsequent positioning.

[0025] Use the adjusted pulse frequency, combined with the beam angle parameter, to repeatedly scan the potential crack area and output the crack spatial location data; Using the adjusted pulse frequency and beam angle parameters, further scan areas where cracks may exist to obtain complete crack information. During the execution process, the data of each feature point is measured multiple times to accurately analyze the spatial distribution change characteristics between adjacent points. Specifically, the distance and angle data obtained by point-by-point scanning can accurately track the tiny spatial displacement of the crack area. The adjusted laser frequency setting is used to improve the scanning resolution and enhance the ability to distinguish fine cracks. The adjustment of the beam angle can ensure that the direction of the laser beam is as consistent as possible with the direction of the crack, thereby reducing the distance measurement deviation caused by angle error. In the process of further scanning, the coordinates and distance changes of all feature points are recorded, and the distance and position relationship of the feature points are summarized and analyzed to form a complete outline of the crack area, and finally generate accurate crack spatial positioning data.

[0026] See also Figure 4 , the measurement steps of polarization angle and polarization degree are as follows: Based on the crack spatial positioning data, adjust the parameters of the polarization filter, confirm that the light beam accurately irradiates the target crack, and generate a polarization filter parameter adjustment set; Based on the spatial positioning data of the crack, including the position coordinates and depth of the crack, the data is converted into adjustment parameters of the polarization filter. First, the three-dimensional position coordinates of the crack are input, and the shortest path from the light source to the crack and the required polarization angle are extracted according to the position of the crack and the predetermined light source position; then the optical path of the light beam at different polarization angles is simulated to determine the optimal polarization angle, including a comprehensive analysis of the propagation direction of the light beam and the angle of the crack surface; then the specific position of the filter is adjusted according to the reflection and refraction laws of the light beam to minimize energy loss and improve irradiation efficiency; finally, these parameters are combined to output the final adjustment parameters of the polarization filter, including the specific angle adjustment value and position movement distance, to ensure that the light beam is accurately irradiated on the target crack, and generate a set of polarization filter parameter adjustments.

[0027] According to the polarization filter parameter adjustment set, adjust the position and angle of the filter, measure the angle and polarization degree of polarized light, and use the formula, , Calculate the current polarized light intensity , generating polarized light measurement data, where is the current polarization angle in degrees, is the initial polarization angle in degrees, is the additional deflection angle introduced by the crack, in degrees, is the light intensity reference value, in lux; In actual measurement, It can be obtained by calibrating the light source, usually taking 100 units of light intensity. is 0 degrees, By measuring the actual crack and the set crack offset angle, it is found that the deflection caused by the crack is 5 degrees. Substituting the value into the formula: , Set the measured polarization angle to 45 degrees, then: , , The results show that under the conditions of a polarization angle of 45 degrees and a deflection angle of 5 degrees, the intensity of polarized light is 41.36 units, indicating that the performance of the adjusted polarization filter is consistent with expectations and the quality of polarized light meets the predetermined requirements.

[0028] Analyze the polarized light measurement data, check the accuracy of the light beam illumination and the polarization state, confirm whether the polarization state meets the preset conditions, and obtain the polarized light quality confirmation result; Analyze the polarized light measurement data to check the accuracy of the beam illumination and the polarization state. The polarized light measurement data includes the light intensity at the illumination point, the beam width, and the polarization angle. The data is acquired through a high-precision photoelectric detector and processed to ensure the accuracy of each data point. During the analysis, the data is compared with the theoretical prediction value to confirm whether the polarization state meets the preset conditions. The generated results include a beam illumination accuracy report and a polarization state analysis report to confirm that the quality of the polarized light meets the design requirements.

[0029] See also Figure 5 , the steps to obtain the polarization light characteristic analysis results are: Based on the polarization light measurement data, in-depth analysis is performed to identify the change in polarization state of the light beam after it passes through the crack, and the polarization state change analysis results are generated; In-depth analysis is performed based on polarization light measurement data to identify changes in the polarization state of the light beam after passing through the crack. First, the change information of the polarization angle and polarization degree is extracted. The data is obtained under experimental conditions using a high-precision polarization measurement instrument. Each data point represents the polarization state of light at a specific point in time. Then the data changes before and after the crack are compared. Through this comparative analysis, we can understand in detail the physical impact on the light beam when passing through the crack, including the specific changes in the polarization state. The analysis results will be directly used to evaluate the impact of the crack on the polarization of the light beam, and ultimately generate detailed change data and analysis reports on the polarization state.

[0030] Using the polarization state change analysis results, the crack surface roughness and structure change information extraction is performed using the formula, , Calculate the reflectivity of the crack surface , obtain the crack surface feature information, where, is the refractive index of the material, is the crack depth in meters, is the wavelength of light in nanometers, is the angle of incidence in degrees; Get the refractive index based on the exterior wall material , the crack depth is obtained by measuring Meter, wavelength of light m (550nm), angle of incidence , put it into the formula: , , , , The results show that the reflectivity of the crack surface is about 0.0374, which means that most of the incident light passes through the crack and only a small part of the light is reflected. This provides information on the optical properties of the crack surface and helps to further understand the physical structure and optical response of the crack.

[0031] Integrate polarized light measurement data and crack surface feature information to perform data simulation, including light wave propagation model and crack surface optical response simulation, to generate polarized light characteristic analysis results; By integrating polarized light data and crack surface feature information, the impact of crack microstructure changes is simulated. First, the polarized light data and crack surface feature information are input, and calculations are performed based on the light wave propagation model and the optical response model of the crack surface. By simulating the light wave interaction under different incident angles and wavelengths, the impact of the crack on polarized light is analyzed. The final simulation results will show the microstructure changes on the crack surface in detail, provide a scientific basis for studying the impact of cracks on light waves, and generate comprehensive analysis results of polarized light characteristics.

[0032] See also Figure 6 , the steps to obtain the three-dimensional crack model are: Based on the analysis results of polarized light characteristics, optical parameter processing is performed, the polarization angle and light intensity data are integrated, the polarization state is analyzed, and a polarized light parameter description record is generated; Based on the analysis results of polarized light characteristics, optical parameter processing is applied, and the polarization angle and light intensity data are analyzed comprehensively. The analysis results of polarized light characteristics provide the measurement data of the polarization angle and light intensity of light. Through the comprehensive processing of these data, the state of polarized light can be accurately described. This process includes orthogonal decomposition of light intensity and geometric calculation of angles. Light intensity decomposition helps to distinguish the intensity components of light in different polarization directions, and angle calculation determines the polarization direction of the light wave based on the difference in polarization angles, laying a key data foundation for the next phase calculation and three-dimensional reconstruction, and generating polarized light parameter description records.

[0033] Use polarization light parameters to describe the record and perform phase difference analysis, using the formula, , Calculating Phase Delay , generate phase difference data, where Represents the wavelength of light in nanometers. and Represents the light intensity perpendicular to and parallel to the polarization direction, respectively, in lux; Represents the wavelength of light, usually 550nm, a common wavelength in visible light. and Represent the light intensity perpendicular to and parallel to the polarization direction, Units and Unit representing the intensity of light in the perpendicular and parallel polarization directions.

[0034] Calculate the tangent of the polarization angle and get: , Convert the angle to phase delay using the wavelength: , The results show that the light wave produces a corresponding phase delay after passing through the medium, which is of great significance for subsequent light field analysis and crack detection. The refractive index change or structural defects of the material can be accurately calculated through this phase delay information.

[0035] Based on the phase difference data, three-dimensional reconstruction is performed, and the three-dimensional crack model is constructed and output by combining the geometric distribution of the light field and the physical properties of the crack; The phase difference data is used for three-dimensional reconstruction, and the model is constructed by combining the geometric distribution of the light field and the physical properties of the crack. The phase difference data provides the difference in light phase between each part of the crack and the surrounding environment. Through the data, the depth and shape of the crack can be accurately analyzed. By geometrically modeling the phase difference and considering the refraction and reflection characteristics of light wave propagation, the three-dimensional morphology of the crack can be estimated. This process includes multi-angle synthetic analysis of the phase difference data, and uses the interference pattern of light waves to determine the detailed structure inside the crack. The final generated three-dimensional crack model provides accurate reference data for subsequent evaluation and repair.

[0036] See also Figure 7 , the analysis steps of crack extension trend are: Using the crack spatial positioning data, polarized light characteristic analysis results and three-dimensional crack model, data integration is performed, and the data files are unified through multivariate regression analysis to obtain comprehensive crack characteristic data; Using the crack spatial positioning data, polarization light characteristic analysis results and three-dimensional crack model, the three types of information are integrated by unifying their respective data formats and processing them using the multivariate regression analysis method. In this process, each type of data needs to be preprocessed first, including standardization and denoising, to ensure the quality and consistency of data input. Then, an appropriate regression model is selected, such as linear regression or logistic regression. The model parameters are selected according to the characteristics and distribution of the data, and the coefficients of the model are determined by the training data set. The model is then verified and tuned to ensure the accuracy and generalization ability of the model, and finally merged into a unified data file to obtain comprehensive crack characteristic data.

[0037] Based on the comprehensive crack characteristic data, edge detection technology is used to identify the crack boundary, record the width and depth of the crack, and obtain the crack size information; Based on the comprehensive crack characteristic data, edge detection technology is used to identify crack boundaries. This process requires applying the Sobel operator or Canny operator to the image data for edge enhancement, and then simplifying the image content through image binarization processing to more clearly identify the edges of the cracks. Next, the width and depth of the cracks are calculated, including coordinate measurement of the edge points and application of the Pythagorean theorem to estimate the actual size of the cracks. Based on the measurement results, the crack size information is obtained.

[0038] Using the crack size information, the crack expansion trend is evaluated using the formula: , Calculate the crack growth rate , and the crack extension trend analysis results are obtained, where Indicates the crack extension depth in mm. Indicates the crack extension width in mm. Indicates the crack expansion time in hours. Represents the width change rate, in units of , Represents the depth change rate, in units of ; In a certain period of time, the crack width increases from 2mm to 4mm, and the crack depth increases from 10mm to 20mm. The time interval is 24 hours. Then: ; ; Substituting the values ​​into the formula, we get: , The results show that under the current conditions, the crack expansion rate is 0.0346mm , which represents the growth area of ​​the crack in the plane per hour, and further guides us on how to monitor the expansion trend of the crack.

[0039] See also Figure 8 ,The steps for obtaining the real-time monitoring alarm record of the house exterior wall cracks are: Based on the crack extension trend analysis results, data prediction and statistical analysis, the warning threshold is determined to obtain the warning threshold setting result; In the process of setting the warning threshold, historical crack monitoring data is used to determine the historical trend of the growth rate of crack width and depth through statistical analysis methods such as the calculation of mean and standard deviation, which is used as a baseline. Then, combined with the experience of structural safety engineers and current building safety standards, an additional safety factor is considered to take into account possible extreme situations. This safety factor is usually determined by professional engineers based on the service life of the building, material fatigue and previous maintenance records. In addition, the system simulates possible future crack expansion and uses a predictive model for trend analysis. The model is trained by machine learning methods and can dynamically adjust and optimize the warning threshold. Based on the comprehensive data and calculation results, the crack width or depth change of more than 0.1mm per hour is set as the warning threshold. This value will be updated in real time and synchronized to the monitoring system to adapt to possible environmental changes and changes in building status.

[0040] Combined with the warning threshold setting results, real-time data collection is carried out to monitor the width and depth changes of the cracks. When the monitoring data exceeds the warning threshold, the alarm program is activated to notify the monitoring center and related personnel in real time to obtain the alarm execution results; First, select the appropriate sensor type, such as strain gauges and crack gauges, which are installed at key locations where cracks are expected to occur in the building structure. These sensors can monitor the width and depth of cracks in real time and transmit data to the central monitoring system. Data transmission is usually completed through a wireless network to reduce installation complexity and improve the reliability of data transmission. In the monitoring center, real-time data is analyzed and an automatic alarm trigger mechanism is configured. Once the data is detected to exceed the warning threshold, the system immediately analyzes the data context to confirm whether it is a real crack change or just a data error. Once it is confirmed to be a real crack change, the system will automatically notify the relevant personnel via email and SMS, and highlight the alarm area on the monitoring interface. Not only does it improve the response speed, but it also increases the accuracy of handling potential safety issues.

[0041] Based on the alarm execution results, the monitoring data of timestamp, location, crack size and alert status are automatically recorded to generate crack monitoring and alarm records; When an alarm is triggered, the monitoring system automatically records all relevant crack information. This includes data collected from the sensor that triggered the alarm, such as the exact location, size and rate of change of the crack, as well as the specific time when the alarm was triggered. The system formats this information into a report, each with a timestamp to ensure traceability. In addition, the data is automatically uploaded to a cloud server for long-term storage and backup, ensuring that the security and integrity of the data are protected under any circumstances. The automatically generated records are essential for analyzing the expansion pattern of cracks, assessing the structural health of the building, and formulating maintenance plans. In addition, the system can also update its predictive model based on this data to improve the accuracy of future crack monitoring and alarms. In this way, the crack monitoring system not only responds to current alarms, but also continuously improves future prediction and response capabilities.

[0042] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in other forms. Any technician familiar with the profession may use the technical contents disclosed above to change or modify them into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes and apply them to other fields. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent detection system for cracks in the exterior wall of a house, characterized in that: The system comprises: The optical frequency comb scanning module emits light pulses through a laser source to scan the exterior wall of the house, collect spatial position information, and perform preliminary crack identification based on the spatial data. By adjusting the laser pulse frequency and beam direction, the data collection accuracy is optimized and the spatial positioning data of the cracks is output; The polarized light scattering analysis module adjusts the polarization filter to irradiate the crack in a direction according to the crack spatial positioning data, measures the polarized light angle and polarization degree, analyzes the change in the polarization state of the light according to the measurement results, extracts the surface roughness and structural change information of the crack, and obtains the polarized light characteristic analysis results; The holographic imaging refinement module performs data processing, calculates light field information, performs phase difference analysis, restores the three-dimensional shape of the crack, and constructs a three-dimensional crack model based on the polarization light characteristic analysis results; The data integration and alarm module fuses the crack spatial positioning data, polarized light characteristic analysis results and three-dimensional crack model, records the crack width and depth, analyzes the crack expansion trend, continuously monitors the cracks based on the analysis results, sets a warning threshold, and automatically issues an alarm if the crack changes exceed the warning threshold, generating a real-time monitoring alarm record of cracks on the exterior wall of the house.

2. The intelligent detection system for cracks in the exterior wall of a house according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of collecting the spatial location information are: Start laser scanning, adjust the laser's emission power and wavelength according to the characteristics of the house's exterior wall materials, match the surface with different reflectivity, and generate adjusted laser setting parameters; Applying the adjusted laser setting parameters, the laser source emits an adjusted light pulse, captures the light signal reflected from the outer wall of the house, calculates the light pulse propagation time according to the signal strength and time delay, and obtains the reflected light pulse time data; Using the reflected light pulse time data, the formula is adopted: ， Calculate the distance between the light pulse and the wall , generate spatial location information, where Represents the speed of light, in units of , Represents the light pulse propagation time in units of , Represents the delay adjustment factor of the wall material on the reflection of the light pulse.

3. The intelligent detection system for cracks in the exterior wall of a house according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The steps for obtaining the crack space positioning data are as follows: Based on the spatial position information, extract the distance and angle changes between the key coordinate points and the surface feature points, count the local distance fluctuations, and generate a preliminary parameter set for crack identification; According to the preliminary crack identification parameter set, the potential crack area of ​​the exterior wall is identified, and the frequency analysis of the crack area is performed using the formula, ， Calculate and output the adjusted pulse transmission frequency ,in, and is the coordinate value of the adjacent feature point, in meters, is the beam angle after the laser is adjusted, in radians; The adjusted pulse frequency is used in combination with the beam angle parameter to repeatedly scan the potential crack area and output the crack spatial positioning data.

4. The intelligent detection system for cracks in the exterior wall of a house according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The steps of measuring the polarization angle and polarization degree are as follows: Based on the crack spatial positioning data, adjusting the parameters of the polarization filter, and confirming that the light beam accurately irradiates the target crack, generating a polarization filter parameter adjustment set; According to the polarization filter parameter adjustment set, the position and angle of the filter are adjusted to measure the angle and polarization degree of polarized light, using the formula, , Calculate the current polarized light intensity , generating polarized light measurement data, where is the current polarization angle in degrees, is the initial polarization angle in degrees, is the additional deflection angle introduced by the crack, in degrees, is the light intensity reference value, in lux; The polarized light measurement data is analyzed to check the accuracy of the light beam illumination and the polarization state, to confirm whether the polarization state meets the preset conditions, and to obtain the polarized light quality confirmation result.

5. The intelligent detection system for cracks in the exterior wall of a house according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The steps of obtaining the polarization light characteristic analysis result are: Based on the polarized light measurement data, in-depth analysis is performed to identify the change in polarization state of the light beam after it passes through the crack, and a polarization state change analysis result is generated; Using the polarization state change analysis results, the crack surface roughness and structure change information extraction is performed, using the formula, , Calculate the reflectivity of the crack surface , obtain the crack surface feature information, where, is the refractive index of the material, is the crack depth in meters, is the wavelength of light in nanometers, is the angle of incidence in degrees; The polarized light measurement data and the crack surface feature information are integrated to perform data simulation, including light wave propagation model and crack surface optical response simulation, to generate polarized light characteristic analysis results.

6. The intelligent detection system for cracks in the exterior wall of a house according to claim 5, characterized in that: The steps of obtaining the three-dimensional fracture model are: Based on the polarization light characteristic analysis result, optical parameter processing is performed, polarization angle and light intensity data are integrated, polarization state is analyzed, and polarization light parameter description record is generated; Using the polarized light parameter description record, phase difference analysis is performed using the formula, ， Calculating Phase Delay , generate phase difference data, where Represents the wavelength of light in nanometers. and Represents the light intensity perpendicular to and parallel to the polarization direction, respectively, in lux; Based on the phase difference data, three-dimensional reconstruction is performed, and a three-dimensional crack model is constructed and outputted in combination with the geometric distribution of the light field and the physical properties of the crack.

7. The intelligent detection system for cracks in the exterior wall of a house according to claim 6, characterized in that: The analysis steps of the crack extension trend are: Using the crack spatial positioning data, polarized light characteristic analysis results and three-dimensional crack model, data integration is performed, and through a multivariate regression analysis method, data files are unified to obtain comprehensive crack characteristic data; Based on the comprehensive crack characteristic data, edge detection technology is applied to identify crack boundaries, record crack width and depth, and obtain crack size information; Using the crack size information, the crack expansion trend is evaluated using the formula: ， Calculate the crack growth rate , and the crack extension trend analysis results are obtained, where Indicates the crack extension depth in mm. Indicates the crack extension width in mm. Indicates the crack expansion time in hours. Represents the width change rate, in units of , Represents the depth change rate, in units of .

8. The intelligent detection system for cracks in the exterior wall of a house according to claim 7, characterized in that: The steps for obtaining the real-time monitoring alarm record of the cracks on the exterior wall of the house are: Based on the crack extension trend analysis result, based on data prediction and statistical analysis, a warning threshold is determined to obtain a warning threshold setting result; Combined with the warning threshold setting result, real-time data collection is performed to monitor the width and depth changes of the cracks. When the monitoring data exceeds the warning threshold, the alarm program is activated to notify the monitoring center and related personnel in real time to obtain the alarm execution result; Based on the alarm execution result, monitoring data of timestamp, location, crack size and alert status are automatically recorded to generate crack monitoring and alarm records.

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