A method, system and device for predicting non-condensable gases in heat pipes in permafrost areas

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of roadbed working condition detection in permafrost areas, and specifically to a method, system, and equipment for predicting non-condensable gases in heat pipes in permafrost areas. The method includes: designing the layout of heat flux monitoring points in the condensation section of the heat pipe; judging the working state of the heat pipe; designing the layout of temperature monitoring points in the condensation section of the heat pipe; calculating the length of non-condensable gases in the heat pipe; collecting and storing parameters related to the generation of non-condensable gases in the heat pipe; fitting an empirical formula for calculating the length of non-condensable gases in the heat pipe; and predicting the remaining working life of the heat pipe. The present invention analyzes the temperature change trend of the condensation section of the heat pipe, obtains parameters related to the generation of non-condensable gases in the heat pipe, fits an empirical formula for calculating the length of non-condensable gases in the heat pipe, predicts the working life of the heat pipe, and ensures the reliability and safety of the operation of the heat pipe roadbed in permafrost areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of roadbed working condition detection in permafrost areas, and in particular relates to a prediction method, system and equipment for non-condensable gas in heat pipes in permafrost areas. Background Art

[0002] Roads in permafrost areas often face many diseases, the most common of which include frost heave of the roadbed, thaw settlement, pavement cracking and landslides. The main causes of these diseases are the seasonal freeze-thaw cycle of permafrost, periodic temperature changes and permafrost degradation caused by climate warming. Before winter, snowmelt or rainfall increases the moisture in the soil. In winter, the moisture in the soil freezes and expands, causing frost heave of the roadbed. After thawing in summer, the soil volume shrinks, which leads to roadbed settlement and pavement cracking. In addition, the structure of the permafrost layer after melting is loose, especially on slopes, which can easily cause roadbed landslides, further aggravating road damage.

[0003] Heat pipes are widely used in railways, highways, airports, oil pipelines, water conservancy projects and other projects in permafrost areas due to their simple structure, easy mass production, high safety and reliability, and good heat transfer performance. In permafrost areas, heat pipes are used to cool the foundation to prevent deformation due to freezing and thawing, and ensure the stability of the frozen foundation; in seasonally frozen areas, heat pipes are used to prevent the formation of permafrost and the impact of freeze-thaw cycles on the roadbed, ensuring that the roadbed remains stable under severe cold conditions and avoiding damage caused by frost heave.

[0004] During long-term operation of heat pipe subgrades in permafrost regions, electrochemical reactions occur between the working fluid and the pipe wall, generating non-condensable gases. These gases, unable to liquefy and evaporate at the heat pipe's operating temperature, instead occupy a portion of the condensation space, increasing the flow resistance of the working fluid vapor and thus weakening the heat pipe's heat transfer capacity. As the non-condensable gas content increases, the heat transfer capacity of the heat pipe gradually decreases, preventing it from fully functioning. This negatively impacts the stability and long-term use of the heat pipe subgrade in permafrost regions. Therefore, a method, system, and device for predicting non-condensable gas content in heat pipes in permafrost regions is urgently needed to predict the service life of heat pipes and ensure the long-term stability of the subgrade. To address this issue, a method and system for predicting non-condensable gas content in heat pipes in permafrost regions is proposed, leveraging the accumulation of non-condensable gases in the upper condensation section of the heat pipe. This method and system can accurately monitor the operating status of the heat pipe, ensuring the system's continued efficient operation and thus better regulating the subgrade temperature. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a method, system and equipment for predicting non-condensable gases in heat pipes in permafrost areas. The method is based on the phenomenon that non-condensable gases cause a decrease in the local condensation coefficient and a decrease in the wall temperature of the condensation section. It can effectively predict the non-condensable gas content, avoid disasters such as roadbed deformation and collapse caused by heat pipe failure, and ensure the long-term stable operation and safety of roadbeds in permafrost areas.

[0006] The technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for predicting non-condensable gases in heat pipes in permafrost regions, the method comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Design of heat flux monitoring point layout of heat pipe condensation section: Set heat flux monitoring point on the outer pipe wall at the starting point of the heat pipe condensation section;

[0009] S2. Determine the working status of the heat pipe: obtain the heat flux q at the outer pipe wall at the starting point of the heat pipe condensation section at the current moment e , with q e >0W / m 2 As a criterion for determining whether the heat pipe is in working condition;

[0010] S3. Design of temperature monitoring point layout of heat pipe condensation section: Temperature monitoring points are evenly arranged on the heat pipe condensation section at intervals of 5 cm;

[0011] S4. Calculation of the length of non-condensable gas in the heat pipe: Starting from the top of the heat pipe condensation section, calculate the length of non-condensable gas using the distance between two temperature monitoring points as the unit;

[0012] S5. Collect and store the relevant generation parameters of the non-condensable gas in the heat pipe: calculate the total length L of the non-condensable gas in the heat pipe ncg , and record the time parameters at that time, then repeat S2, S3, and S4 for the heat pipe in each cycle until more than 20 sets of data are collected, then execute S6;

[0013] S6. Fitting an empirical formula for calculating the length of the non-condensable gas in the heat pipe: fitting an empirical formula for calculating the length of the non-condensable gas in the heat pipe using the collected and stored heat pipe operation time parameters and the corresponding cumulative amount of the non-condensable gas;

[0014] S7. Prediction of the remaining service life of the heat pipe: The remaining service life of the heat pipe is calculated based on the empirical formula for calculating the length of non-condensable gas in the heat pipe in the permafrost region in step S6 and the operating time of the heat pipe. When the heat pipe fails, the engineering maintenance staff is prompted to refill the working fluid or replace the heat pipe according to the design requirements.

[0015] Preferably, the heat pipe releases heat in the condensation section when working normally, and the heat flux density of the condensation section of the heat pipe is monitored by a portable heat flux meter to determine the working status of the heat pipe.

[0016] Preferably, the length of the non-condensable gas is calculated based on the distance between the temperature monitoring points, and the length of the non-condensable gas in the condensation section is calculated step by step.

[0017] Preferably, the generation of non-condensable gas is recorded at multiple time points during the operation of the heat pipe, and an empirical formula is established by combining time and temperature parameters to predict the service life of the heat pipe.

[0018] Preferably, the length of the non-condensable gas in the heat pipe in step S4 is calculated according to the following formula:

[0019]

[0020] Where L is the non-condensable gas length in meters; n is the temperature monitoring point located at the top of the heat pipe condensation section; P c is the saturated vapor pressure of the heat pipe working fluid, in Pa. This value is obtained by referring to the saturated temperature and pressure curve of the working fluid and based on the average temperature of the temperature measurement point at the starting point of the condensation section; P c,i is the partial pressure of the working fluid in the condensing section, in Pa, which is obtained by referring to the saturation temperature and pressure curve of the working fluid and based on the temperature of the temperature measuring point i in the condensing section; Δv is the space between two adjacent temperature monitoring points in the condensing section; Z is the compressibility factor of the working fluid in the heat pipe; a and b are the van der Waals constants; V m is the molar volume of the working fluid; A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the heat pipe condensation section, in m 2 ;T i is the temperature of the temperature measuring point i in the condensation section, in K; R is the ideal gas constant.

[0021] Preferably, the empirical formula for calculating the length of the non-condensable gas in the heat pipe in step S6 is fitted according to the following model:

[0022]

[0023] Where K is the maximum length of the non-condensable gas in the heat pipe; a is the growth rate; t o is the time offset; t is the heat pipe operation time; t o The recorded operating time parameters of the heat pipe and the corresponding length of the non-condensable gas are substituted into G(t) using a fitting model to obtain a.

[0024] Preferably, the empirical formula for calculating the length of the non-condensable gas in the heat pipe in step S6 is fitted by the following method:

[0025]

[0026] Among them, Loss is the loss function; is the probability value predicted by the model; y i is the actual label (0 or 1); θ j The parameters updated to minimize the loss function using gradient descent.

[0027] Preferably, the empirical formula model is universal and can be applied to heat pipe equipment of different types and specifications in permafrost areas.

[0028] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a prediction system for non-condensable gases in heat pipes in permafrost regions, the system comprising:

[0029] Heat flux monitoring device, used to monitor the heat flux of the outer wall of the heat pipe condensation section;

[0030] Temperature monitoring device, used to monitor the temperature of the heat pipe condensation section;

[0031] A data processing module, used for storing and processing the acquired non-condensable gas related generation parameters;

[0032] The life calculation module calculates the remaining service life of the heat pipe based on the fitted empirical formula for the length of non-condensable gas. When the heat pipe fails, the engineering maintenance staff is prompted to repair or replace the heat pipe.

[0033] In a third aspect, the present invention proposes a prediction device for non-condensable gases in heat pipes in permafrost areas, the device comprising: a portable heat flux meter, a temperature detector, a data storage module, and a calculation module, and the device can execute the steps of any one of the methods described.

[0034] From the above, it is clear that the method, system, and device for predicting non-condensable gases in heat pipes in permafrost regions proposed by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0035] (1) The present invention proposes a method for calculating the length of non-condensable gas in heat pipes in permafrost regions. This method does not require drilling or cutting the heat pipe for monitoring. Instead, the method is directly set on the outer wall of the heat pipe condensation section for monitoring. By gradually calculating the length of non-condensable gas in the condensation section of the heat pipe, the accumulation of non-condensable gas in the heat pipe can be effectively evaluated.

[0036] (2) The present invention combines the length calculation formula of non-condensable gas with the time and temperature parameters recorded multiple times to fit an empirical formula for predicting the remaining service life of the heat pipe. This prediction method provides an important basis for the maintenance of heat pipe roadbeds in frozen soil areas.

[0037] (3) The present invention realizes intelligent monitoring and management of the operating status of heat pipes by combining the data processing module with the life calculation module. The system can automatically calculate the remaining working life of the heat pipe based on the empirical formula, and prompt the engineering maintenance personnel to replace or repair the heat pipe when it fails. This function greatly reduces the maintenance cost of the heat pipe roadbed in the permafrost area, while improving the safety and reliability of the heat pipe roadbed in the permafrost area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the steps of a method for predicting non-condensable gases in heat pipes in permafrost areas provided by the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a specific implementation flow chart of a method for calculating the length of non-condensable gas in a method for predicting non-condensable gas in heat pipes in permafrost areas provided by the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 The present invention provides an operational flow chart of a prediction system for non-condensable gases in heat pipes in permafrost areas.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a two-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a prediction device for non-condensable gases in heat pipes in permafrost areas according to the present invention, wherein 1 to n are temperature monitoring points, A is the condensation section of the heat pipe, B is the insulation section of the heat pipe, C is the evaporation section of the heat pipe, D is the total length of the heat pipe, E is the heat flux density monitoring point, F to G are monitoring modules (F is a temperature detector, G is a portable heat flux meter), H is a data storage module, and I is a calculation module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the following section will combine the drawings and examples to conduct an in-depth analysis and explanation of the prediction method, system and equipment for non-condensable gases in heat pipes in permafrost areas. Its specific implementation methods, structures, characteristics and functions are described in detail as follows. In the following description, the "one embodiment" and "another embodiment" mentioned do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, specific features, structures or characteristics in multiple embodiments can be freely combined to adapt to different application scenarios and needs.

[0043] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

[0044] Among them, Figure 1 The flowchart of the method for predicting non-condensable gas in heat pipes in permafrost areas proposed by the present invention is shown; Figure 2The specific implementation flow chart of the method for calculating the length of non-condensable gas in the prediction method of non-condensable gas in heat pipes in frozen soil areas proposed by the present invention is presented, and a clear guide for calculating the length of non-condensable gas is provided through the flow chart; Figure 3 The operation flow chart of the prediction system of non-condensable gas in heat pipes in permafrost areas proposed by the present invention is presented, and the system steps and processes are described in detail; Figure 4 The two-dimensional structural diagram of the prediction equipment for non-condensable gases in heat pipes in permafrost areas is presented in the form of a front view, and the relevant components in the system and their installation locations are clearly marked, which facilitates the understanding of the layout of the monitoring system.

[0045] Please see the attached Figure 1 , which shows a flowchart of the steps of a method for predicting non-condensable gas in a heat pipe in a frozen soil region provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the method comprising the following steps:

[0046] Step S1: Design of heat flux monitoring point layout for heat pipe condensation section:

[0047] Arrange heat flux monitoring points: Arrange heat flux monitoring points at the starting point of the outer tube wall of the heat pipe condensation section to ensure that the monitoring equipment can accurately capture the heat flux changes in the condensation section. The selection of the monitoring point should take into account external environmental factors and the installation location of the heat pipe to ensure that it can effectively reflect the thermal status of the heat pipe;

[0048] Use a portable heat flow meter: Use a portable heat flow meter to monitor the heat flux density at the monitoring point in real time. The device should have high sensitivity and high accuracy to ensure stable operation under changing environmental conditions;

[0049] Data recording and analysis: The monitored heat flux data is recorded in real time into the data processing system to provide accurate basic data for subsequent non-condensable gas prediction.

[0050] Step S2: Determine the working status of the heat pipe:

[0051] Real-time heat flux monitoring: In each monitoring cycle, the heat flux data of the outer tube wall at the starting point of the heat pipe condensation section (q e );

[0052] Judgment criteria: According to the set judgment criteria, when q e >0W / m 2 When the heat flux value is lower than the threshold, the heat pipe is considered to be in working condition. If the monitored heat flux value is lower than the threshold, the heat pipe should be evaluated for replacement time.

[0053] Data recording: Record the judgment results and corresponding time data to ensure that the working status changes of the heat pipe can be traced.

[0054] Step S3: Design of the arrangement of temperature monitoring points in the heat pipe condensation section:

[0055] Arrangement of temperature sensors: Multiple temperature sensors are evenly arranged on the condensing section of the heat pipe to ensure that the temperature at different heights and positions can be accurately measured;

[0056] Real-time data acquisition: The temperature sensor should collect data in real time and transmit the data to the data processing module for subsequent analysis;

[0057] Ensure sensor accuracy: Select a high-precision, high-response temperature sensor to improve data reliability and accuracy, ensuring that temperature changes in the condensing section can be reflected in a timely manner.

[0058] Step S4: Calculate the length of the non-condensable gas in the heat pipe:

[0059] Determination of calculation unit: Starting from the top of the heat pipe condensation section, the length is calculated based on the distance between two adjacent temperature monitoring points;

[0060] Section-by-section measurement: By measuring the temperature of each temperature monitoring point one by one and combining it with the working status of the heat pipe, the length of the non-condensable gas is calculated;

[0061] Cumulative data recording: After each measurement, the length data obtained will be recorded to provide a basis for subsequent data analysis and empirical formula fitting.

[0062] Preferably, in step S4, the non-condensable gas length is calculated using the following formula:

[0063]

[0064] Where L is the non-condensable gas length in meters; n is the temperature monitoring point located at the top of the heat pipe condensation section; P c is the saturated vapor pressure of the heat pipe working fluid, in Pa. This value is obtained by referring to the saturated temperature and pressure curve of the working fluid and based on the average temperature of the temperature measurement point at the starting point of the condensation section; P c,i is the partial pressure of the working fluid in the condensing section, in Pa, which is obtained by referring to the saturation temperature and pressure curve of the working fluid and based on the temperature of the temperature measuring point i in the condensing section; Δv is the space between two adjacent temperature monitoring points in the condensing section; Z is the compressibility factor of the working fluid in the heat pipe; a and b are the van der Waals constants; V m is the molar volume of the working fluid; A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the heat pipe condensation section, in m 2 ;T i is the temperature of the temperature measuring point i in the condensation section, in K; R is the ideal gas constant.

[0065] Preferably, the specific implementation flow chart of the non-condensable gas length calculation method is as shown in the attached figure. Figure 2 shown.

[0066] Step S5: Collect and store parameters related to the generation of non-condensable gas in the heat pipe:

[0067] Parameter recording: In each cycle, record the time parameters of the heat pipe operation and the corresponding length of non-condensable gas;

[0068] Establishment of data set: Through multiple measurements, more than 20 sets of recorded data are accumulated. These data will be used for subsequent empirical formula fitting;

[0069] Data validity check: Ensure the accuracy and completeness of each set of data, conduct regular data quality checks, and ensure data reliability.

[0070] Step S6: fitting the empirical formula for calculating the length of the non-condensable gas in the heat pipe:

[0071] Data analysis: Statistical methods are used to analyze the recorded heat pipe operating time parameters and the corresponding non-condensable gas length data.

[0072] Selection of fitting model: Select an appropriate mathematical model for data fitting and determine the empirical formula for calculating the non-condensable gas length.

[0073] Formula verification and optimization: Through regression analysis of historical data, the validity of the fitting formula is verified and optimized and adjusted as needed.

[0074] Preferably, the empirical formula for calculating the length of the non-condensable gas in the heat pipe in step S6 is fitted according to the following model:

[0075]

[0076] Where K is the maximum length of the non-condensable gas in the heat pipe; a is the growth rate; t o is the time offset; t is the heat pipe operation time; t o The recorded operating time parameters of the heat pipe and the corresponding length of the non-condensable gas are substituted into G(t) using a fitting model to obtain a.

[0077] Preferably, the fitting method used in step S6 is as follows:

[0078]

[0079] Among them, Loss is the loss function; is the probability value predicted by the model; y i is the actual label (0 or 1); θ j The parameters updated to minimize the loss function using gradient descent.

[0080] Step S7: Prediction of the remaining service life of the heat pipe:

[0081] Use fitting formula: Calculate the remaining service life of the heat pipe based on the fitted empirical formula and the operating time of the heat pipe;

[0082] Failure prompt function: When a heat pipe fails, the location of the failed heat pipe will be reported, prompting the engineering maintenance staff to refill the working fluid or replace the heat pipe according to the design requirements;

[0083] Data update: After each calculation, the new operating time and non-condensable gas data are updated to the system for long-term monitoring and early warning.

[0084] In this embodiment, the non-condensable gas prediction system for heat pipes in permafrost regions primarily consists of a heat flux monitoring device, a temperature monitoring device, a data processing module, and a lifespan calculation module. The heat flux monitoring device monitors the heat flux on the outer wall of the heat pipe's condensation section; the temperature monitoring device monitors the temperature of the heat pipe's condensation section; the data processing module stores and processes acquired non-condensable gas generation parameters; and the lifespan calculation module calculates the remaining service life of each heat pipe based on a fitted empirical formula for non-condensable gas length and issues a failure maintenance prompt when a heat pipe reaches its maximum service life.

[0085] Preferably, the operation flow chart of the prediction system for non-condensable gas in heat pipes in permafrost areas according to the embodiment of the present invention is shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 shown.

[0086] Based on the same inventive concept as the above method, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a prediction device for non-condensable gases in heat pipes in permafrost areas. The device includes: a portable heat flux meter, a temperature detector, a data storage module, and a calculation module. The device can execute the steps of any one of the methods.

[0087] Preferably, a two-dimensional structural diagram of a prediction device for non-condensable gas in heat pipes in permafrost regions provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown in the attached figure. Figure 4 shown.

[0088] It should be noted that the order of the above-described embodiments is for illustrative purposes only and does not necessarily reflect a ranking of the embodiments in order of merit. Furthermore, this specification describes only specific embodiments. Furthermore, the processes illustrated in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require execution in a specific or sequential order to achieve the intended results. In certain implementations, multitasking and parallel processing approaches are also applicable and may offer benefits.

[0089] The above has provided a detailed introduction to the prediction method, system and equipment for non-condensable gases in heat pipes in permafrost areas provided by the present invention, and has elaborated on the principles and implementation methods of the present invention through specific examples. It should be emphasized that the above embodiments are only provided to help understand the method of the present invention and its core ideas. For ordinary technicians in this technical field, it is entirely possible to make a series of improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications based on the principles of the present invention should also be deemed to fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for predicting non-condensable gas in heat pipes in permafrost areas, which is suitable for predicting the non-condensable gas content in heat pipe subgrades in permafrost areas, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Design of heat flux monitoring point layout of heat pipe condensation section: Set heat flux monitoring point on the outer pipe wall at the starting point of the heat pipe condensation section; S2. Determine the working status of the heat pipe: obtain the heat flux q at the outer pipe wall at the starting point of the heat pipe condensation section at the current moment e , with q e >0W / m 2 As a criterion for determining whether the heat pipe is in working condition; S3. Design of temperature monitoring point layout of heat pipe condensation section: Temperature monitoring points are evenly arranged on the heat pipe condensation section at intervals of 5 cm; S4. Calculation of the length of non-condensable gas in the heat pipe: Starting from the top of the heat pipe condensation section, the non-condensable gas length is calculated using the distance between two temperature monitoring points as the unit; specifically: Where L is the non-condensable gas length in meters; n is the temperature monitoring point located at the top of the heat pipe condensation section; P c is the saturated vapor pressure of the heat pipe working fluid, in Pa. This value is obtained by referring to the saturated temperature and pressure curve of the working fluid and based on the average temperature of the temperature measurement point at the starting point of the condensation section; P c,i is the partial pressure of the working fluid in the condensing section, in Pa, which is obtained by referring to the saturation temperature and pressure curve of the working fluid and based on the temperature of the temperature measuring point i in the condensing section; Δv is the space between two adjacent temperature monitoring points in the condensing section; Z is the compressibility factor of the working fluid in the heat pipe; a and b are the van der Waals constants; V m is the molar volume of the working fluid; A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the heat pipe condensation section, in m 2 ;T i is the temperature of the condensation section temperature measuring point i, in K; R is the ideal gas constant; S5. Collect and store the relevant generation parameters of the non-condensable gas in the heat pipe: calculate the total length L of the non-condensable gas in the heat pipe ncg , and record the time parameters at that time, then repeat S2, S3, and S4 for the heat pipe in each cycle until more than 20 sets of data are collected, then execute S6; S6. Fitting an empirical formula for calculating the length of the non-condensable gas in the heat pipe: Using the collected and stored heat pipe operating time parameters and the corresponding cumulative amount of non-condensable gas, fit an empirical formula for calculating the length of the non-condensable gas in the heat pipe; the following fitting model is used: Where K is the maximum recorded length of the heat pipe non-condensable gas; a is the growth rate; t o is the time offset; t is the heat pipe operation time; t o and a are obtained by substituting the recorded operating time parameters of the heat pipe and the corresponding non-condensable gas length into G(t) using a fitting model; S7. Prediction of the remaining service life of the heat pipe: The remaining service life of the heat pipe is calculated based on the empirical formula for calculating the length of non-condensable gas in the heat pipe in the permafrost region in step S6 and the heat pipe operation time. When the heat pipe fails, the engineering maintenance staff is prompted to refill the working fluid or replace the heat pipe according to the design requirements.

2. The method for predicting non-condensable gases in heat pipes in permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the heat pipe is working normally, heat is released in the condensation section of the heat pipe. The heat flux density of the condensation section of the heat pipe is monitored by a portable heat flux meter to determine the working status of the heat pipe.

3. The method for predicting non-condensable gases in heat pipes in permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of non-condensable gas is calculated based on the distance between temperature monitoring points, and the length of non-condensable gas in the condensation section is calculated step by step.

4. The method for predicting non-condensable gases in heat pipes in permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The generation of non-condensable gas is recorded at multiple time points during the operation of the heat pipe, and an empirical formula is established by combining time and temperature parameters to predict the service life of the heat pipe.

5. The method for predicting non-condensable gases in heat pipes in permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The empirical formula for calculating the length of non-condensable gas in the heat pipe is fitted using the following method: Among them, Loss is the loss function; is the probability value predicted by the model; y i is the actual label, 0 or 1; θ j The parameters updated to minimize the loss function using gradient descent.

6. The method for predicting non-condensable gases in heat pipes in permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The empirical formula model is universal and applicable to heat pipe equipment of different types and specifications in permafrost areas.

7. A device for predicting non-condensable gases in heat pipes in permafrost regions, comprising: A portable heat flow meter, a temperature detector, a data storage module and a calculation module, characterized in that the device can execute the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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