Cassava variety breeding method and cultivation device capable of resisting tetranychus cinnabarinus

Abstract

The invention discloses a tetranychus cinnabarinus resistant cassava variety breeding method, and belongs to the field of crop breeding, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, seedling transplanting: carrying out warm water seed soaking treatment on harvested hybrid seeds, placing the hybrid seeds in a nutrition bag, obtaining seedlings, and transplanting the seedlings into a cultivation pot after the seedlings grow for a period of time. According to the breeding method of the cassava variety resistant to tetranychus cinnabarinus, through mite resistance identification and excellent strain screening, single plants which may become excellent varieties in the future are selected in advance, single plants without target characters and poor characters are eliminated, the cassava variety resistant to tetranychus cinnabarinus is bred, the breeding period is shortened, the breeding cost is greatly saved, and the breeding method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application of the cassava variety resistant to tetranychus cinnabarinus. According to the method, the breeding efficiency is improved, the yield of cassava is increased, sustainable development of the cassava industry is promoted, meanwhile, the breeding process is simple, the breeding period is short, the breeding cost is low, the breeding efficiency is greatly improved, and sustainable development of the cassava industry is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of crop breeding, and in particular relates to a method for breeding cassava varieties resistant to spider mites cinnabarinus and a cultivation device. Background Art

[0002] The cinnabar spider mite, commonly known as the red spider, is also known as the two-spotted spider mite. It belongs to the genus Tetranychus in the family Tetranychus in the order Acarina. It is the most widespread pest mite of cassava in China. Its damage is mainly manifested in the adult mites and nymphs gathering on the back of cassava leaves and sucking juice. Initially, there are small green spots on the leaf surface, which then turn grayish white. When the mite damage is serious, the whole leaf turns yellow and looks like it is burned, causing early leaf fall and premature aging of the plant, weakened plant growth or even death, and reduced yield.

[0003] For example, the peak period of the occurrence of spider mites in southwest Guangxi is generally from July to August. The occurrence is more serious when the temperature is below 35℃, the humidity is low and the precipitation is little. On the other hand, spider mites have about 15 generations per year, and the generations overlap, making it difficult to control with drugs, and it is easy to develop drug resistance. Therefore, cultivating and selecting cassava varieties (lines) resistant to spider mites is an effective measure to prevent and control mite damage;

[0004] On the other hand, the breeding process is relatively long, and most of the time, seedlings are cultivated by manual watering. However, the manual operation method is not only cumbersome, but it is also difficult to keep the amount of water and watering time for each seedling consistent, which leads to differences in the cultivation environment. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of one or more of the above defects or improvement needs in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for breeding cassava varieties resistant to cinnabarinus spider mites, which has the advantages of simple breeding process, short breeding cycle, and low breeding cost, greatly improving breeding efficiency and promoting the sustainable development of the cassava industry.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for breeding cassava varieties resistant to Tetranychus cinnabarinus, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Transplanting seedlings: The hybrid seeds collected were soaked in warm water and placed in a nutrient bag to obtain seedlings. After the seedlings grew for a period of time, they were transplanted into cultivation pots, one seedling per pot, and 5g of compound fertilizer was added to each pot and mixed evenly with the seedling substrate;

[0008] S2: The seedlings are placed in a culture device and grown without being affected by external conditions;

[0009] S3: When the seedlings grow to 25-30cm, cinnabarin spider mites are introduced for the first time, with 25 female and male spider mites placed in each plant. When the susceptible cassava varieties reach the "susceptible" level, observation and statistics of the disease rate are started, and infected plants are selected for elimination;

[0010] S4: The second stage: When the seedlings grow to 50-60CM, spray the cassava leaves with the nutrient solution for the cultivation of spider mites. Then, 50 females and 50 males are placed in each plant;

[0011] S5: After culturing cassava spider mites for 20-30 days, the "mite damage index" is calculated and the disease resistance level of the cassava germplasm is evaluated based on the mite damage index.

[0012] S6: Add 10g of compound fertilizer to each uninfected plant, and cut the plants for seed propagation after they mature.

[0013] Furthermore, the nutrient solution for cultivating cinnabar spider mites is prepared by mixing purified water and nutrient solution in a ratio of 1:1; it is sprayed twice every other week.

[0014] Further, the components and contents of the nutrient solution are as follows:

[0015] a. Trace elements: CaCl2·H2O 0.01~0.02mg / L; CuS04·5H2O 0.03~0.05mg / L; FeNaEDTA 4.0~5.0mg / L;

[0016] b. Glutamine: 0.2-0.5 g / L;

[0017] C: Honey: 20g / L.

[0018] The present invention also provides a cultivation device, comprising a ring-shaped frame;

[0019] The power mechanism is arranged on the ring frame;

[0020] The annular guide rail is arranged on the annular frame, and the cross section of the annular guide rail is T-shaped;

[0021] A plurality of guide members are slidably arranged on the annular guide rail and connected to the power mechanism; the outer wall of the guide member is provided with a placement member which can slide on the inner wall of the annular frame;

[0022] The spraying member is arranged on the side wall of the annular frame and extends to the top of the annular frame; the spraying member includes a water outlet pipe arranged on the outer wall of the annular frame, the water outlet pipe extends to the annular frame; a plurality of nozzles arranged on the water outlet pipe; the lower end of the water outlet pipe is connected with a water inlet valve.

[0023] Furthermore, the power mechanism includes two transmission wheels rotatably arranged on the annular frame; the two transmission wheels are connected by a transmission belt; a servo motor is arranged on the inner wall of the annular frame and the output end passes through the annular frame, and the output shaft of the servo motor is connected to one of the transmission wheels.

[0024] Furthermore, the guide member includes a connecting plate slidably arranged on the annular guide rail, and the connecting plate is connected to the transmission belt; two pulleys are arranged at the bottom of the connecting plate, and the pulleys are slidably matched with the annular guide rail. The connecting plate is slidably engaged with the annular guide rail through the two pulleys.

[0025] Furthermore, the placement member includes a bearing plate arranged on the outer end of the connecting plate; a second pulley arranged on one side of the bearing plate, and the second pulley is in contact with the inner wall of the annular frame; and a placement box arranged on the other side of the bearing plate, and a plurality of through holes are opened at the lower part of the outer wall of the placement box.

[0026] Furthermore, the outer wall of the annular frame is connected with a water inlet pipe and a sewage valve respectively, and the water inlet pipe is inclined in the opposite direction of the sewage valve installation position; and the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the annular frame is provided with convex strips for intercepting sewage.

[0027] In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] The method for breeding cassava varieties resistant to spider mites of the present invention pre-selects individual plants that may become excellent varieties in the future through mite resistance identification and screening of excellent strains, eliminates individual plants without target traits and inferior traits, and breeds cassava varieties resistant to spider mites of the present invention, shortens the breeding cycle, greatly saves breeding costs, improves breeding efficiency, and also increases the yield of cassava, promoting the sustainable development of the cassava industry. Meanwhile, the breeding process is simple, the breeding cycle is short, and the breeding cost is low, which greatly improves the breeding efficiency and promotes the sustainable development of the cassava industry.

[0029] The cultivation device of the present invention not only does not require manual watering and spraying, greatly improving the simplicity of breeding, but also ensures that the amount of water for each seedling is consistent, reducing the difference in cultivation environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a rear view structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the placement piece of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the present invention.

[0034] In all the drawings, the same figure marks represent the same technical features, specifically: 1. annular frame; 2. power mechanism; 21. transmission wheel; 22. transmission belt; 23. servo motor; 3. annular guide rail; 4. guide member; 41. connecting plate; 42. pulley one; 5. placement member; 51. bearing plate; 52. pulley two; 53. placement box; 6. spray member; 61. water outlet pipe; 62. nozzle; 63. water inlet valve; 7. water inlet pipe; 8. drain valve; 9. convex strip. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] The method for breeding cassava varieties resistant to Tetranychus cinnabarinus in this embodiment has the advantages of simple breeding process, short breeding cycle, and low breeding cost, which greatly improves the breeding efficiency and promotes the sustainable development of the cassava industry.

[0037] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0038] S1: Transplanting seedlings: The hybrid seeds collected were soaked in warm water and placed in a nutrient bag to obtain seedlings. After the seedlings grew for a period of time, they were transplanted into cultivation pots, one seedling per pot, and 5g of compound fertilizer was added to each pot and mixed evenly with the seedling substrate;

[0039] S2: The seedlings are placed in a culture device and grown without being affected by external conditions;

[0040] S3: When the seedlings grow to 25-30cm, cinnabarin spider mites are introduced for the first time, with 25 female and male spider mites placed in each plant. When the susceptible cassava varieties reach the "susceptible" level, observation and statistics of the disease rate are started, and infected plants are selected for elimination;

[0041] S4: The second stage: When the seedlings grow to 50-60CM, spray the cassava leaves with the nutrient solution for the cultivation of spider mites. Then, 50 females and 50 males are placed in each plant;

[0042] S5: After culturing cassava spider mites for 20-30 days, the "mite damage index" is calculated and the disease resistance level of the cassava germplasm is evaluated based on the mite damage index.

[0043] S6: Add 10g of compound fertilizer to each uninfected plant, and cut the plants for seed propagation after they mature.

[0044] In this embodiment, through the identification of mite resistance and the screening of excellent strains, individual plants that may become excellent varieties in the future are pre-selected, and individual plants without target traits and inferior traits are eliminated, and cassava varieties resistant to cinnabar spider mites are bred, which shortens the breeding cycle, greatly saves breeding costs, improves breeding efficiency, and also increases cassava yield, promoting the sustainable development of the cassava industry.

[0045] Specifically, the nutrient solution for cultivating cinnabar spider mites is a mixture of pure water and nutrient solution in a ratio of 1:1; it is sprayed twice every other week.

[0046] Specifically, the components and contents of the nutrient solution are as follows:

[0047] a. Trace elements: CaCl2·H2O 0.01~0.02mg / L; CuS04·5H2O 0.03~0.05mg / L; FeNaEDTA 4.0~5.0mg / L;

[0048] b. Glutamine: 0.2-0.5 g / L;

[0049] C: Honey: 20g / L.

[0050] In this embodiment, on the other hand, referring to Figure 1-4 , the present invention also provides a cultivation device, comprising a ring frame 1;

[0051] A power mechanism 2 is disposed through the ring frame 1;

[0052] An annular guide rail 3 is arranged on the annular frame 1, and the cross section of the annular guide rail 3 is T-shaped; a plurality of guide members 4 are slidably arranged on the annular guide rail 3 and connected to the power mechanism 2;

[0053] The outer wall of the guide member 4 is provided with a placement member 5 which can slide on the inner wall of the ring frame 1;

[0054] The spraying member 6 is arranged on the side wall of the annular frame 1 and extends to the top of the annular frame 1; the spraying member 6 includes a water outlet pipe 61 arranged on the outer wall of the annular frame 1, and the water outlet pipe 61 extends to the annular frame 1; a plurality of nozzles 62 are arranged on the water outlet pipe 61; and the lower end of the water outlet pipe 61 is connected to a water inlet valve 63.

[0055] In this embodiment, before use, the water inlet valve 63 can be connected to the external water pipeline, and each seedling can be planted in a different placement piece 5. When it is necessary to water each seedling, the water inlet valve 63 is opened first to allow water to enter the water outlet pipe 61 and be sprayed out through the nozzle 62. The power mechanism 2 is powered on and drives each guide member 4 to perform circular motion on the annular guide rail 3 in turn. At the same time, the placement piece 5 moves with the guide member 4. When the placement piece 5 carries the seedling and passes under the nozzle 62, the watering process of each seedling can be completed. By designing that each placement piece 5 can be circularly surrounded and watered, not only can the time for each placement piece 5 to pass through the nozzle 62 be consistent, so that each seedling is watered with the same amount of water, reducing the difference in the cultivation environment, but also it is more convenient and quicker than the manual watering method. The start time of the power mechanism 2 is controlled by an external control device, so that the seedlings are watered regularly and quantitatively according to the habits of the seedlings, thereby improving the cultivation effect.

[0056] Specifically, refer to Figure 1-2 and Figure 3 The power mechanism 2 includes two transmission wheels 21 rotatably arranged on the annular frame 1; the two transmission wheels 21 are connected to each other through a transmission belt 22; a servo motor 23 is arranged on the inner wall of the annular frame 1 and the output end thereof passes through the annular frame 1, and the output shaft of the servo motor 23 is connected to one of the transmission wheels 21.

[0057] In this embodiment, when it is needed, the servo motor 23 is powered on and can first drive one of the transmission wheels 21 to rotate. During this process, the two transmission wheels 21 can be linked through the drive of the transmission belt 22. The servo motor 23 can be connected to an external control device to control the start time and opening and closing state of the servo motor 23.

[0058] Specifically, refer to Figure 3-4 The guide member 4 includes a connecting plate 41 which can be slidably arranged on the annular guide rail 3, and the connecting plate 41 is connected to the transmission belt 22; two pulleys 42 are arranged at the bottom of the connecting plate 41, and the pulleys 42 are slidably matched with the annular guide rail 3, and the connecting plate 41 is slidably buckled with the annular guide rail 3 through the two pulleys 42.

[0059] In this embodiment, when the transmission belt 22 rotates, the connecting plate 41 follows and slides on the annular guide rail 3, and performs annular motion along the annular guide rail 3. At the same time, the two pulleys 42 slide in the annular guide rail 3, which can not only limit the position of the connecting plate 41 but also reduce the friction between the connecting plate 41 and the annular guide rail 3, thereby improving the smoothness of the connecting plate 41 when sliding on the annular guide rail 3.

[0060] Specifically, refer to Figure 3The placement member 5 includes a bearing plate 51 arranged on the outer end of the connecting plate 41; a second pulley 52 arranged on one side of the bearing plate 51, and the second pulley 52 is in contact with the inner wall of the annular frame 1; a placement box 53 arranged on the other side of the bearing plate 51, and a plurality of through holes 54 are opened on the lower part of the outer wall of the placement box 53.

[0061] In this embodiment, the placement box 53 can be used to fill soil and cultivate seedlings. When the connecting plate 41 moves, the supporting plate 51 and the placement box 53 follow the movement and slide against the inner wall of the annular frame 1. The supporting plate 51 can reduce the friction between the annular frame 1 and improve the smoothness of movement through the pulley 52. ​​When the placement box 53 passes through the nozzle 62, the seedlings inside it can be watered by the water sprayed by the nozzle 62; and the design of the through hole 54 on the placement box 53 can collect the water sprayed by the nozzle 62 in the annular frame 1. When the water reaches a certain depth, the water can enter the placement box 53 through the through hole 54 to soak the soil and seedlings, thereby reducing the frequency of watering. At the same time, the seedlings can be hydroponically cultivated by using the recycled water or injecting water into the annular frame 1, thereby increasing the scope of use.

[0062] Specifically, refer to Figure 1-2 The outer wall of the annular frame 1 is connected with a water inlet pipe 7 and a sewage valve 8 respectively, and the water inlet pipe 7 is inclined in the opposite direction of the installation position of the sewage valve 8; the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the annular frame 1 is provided with a convex strip 9 for intercepting sewage.

[0063] In this embodiment, before use, the drain valve 8 and the water inlet pipe 7 are respectively connected to the external water outlet / water delivery pipeline. Since the water inlet pipe 7 is designed to be inclined, when water is sprayed out from the water inlet pipe 7, the water can move along the inner wall of the annular frame 1 to form a water flow loop. When there are impurities in the water, due to the heavy impurities, they will be deposited under the water, and the water will drive the impurities to move after movement. When they move to the convex strip 9, the convex strip 9 will intercept the impurities at the bottom. After the drain valve 8 is opened, the impurities will be discharged from the drain valve 8 along with the water flow. Through the above steps, not only can the water circulation be realized, but also the water can be cleaned, and the purity of the water can be maintained while reducing the frequency of manual cleaning of the device and replacement of the water.

[0064] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for breeding cassava varieties resistant to Tetranychus cinnabarinus, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Transplanting seedlings: The hybrid seeds collected were soaked in warm water and placed in a nutrient bag to obtain seedlings. After the seedlings grew for a period of time, they were transplanted into cultivation pots, one seedling per pot, and 5g of compound fertilizer was added to each pot and mixed evenly with the seedling substrate; S2: The seedlings are placed in a culture device and grown without being affected by external conditions; S3: When the seedlings grow to 25-30cm, cinnabarin spider mites are introduced for the first time, with 25 female and 25 male mites introduced per plant. When the susceptible cassava varieties reach the "susceptible" level, observation and statistics of the susceptibility rate are started, and infected plants are selected for elimination; S4: The second stage: When the seedlings grow to 50-60cm, spray the cassava leaves with the nutrient solution for the cinnabar spider mite. Then put 50 females and 50 males into each plant; S5: After culturing cassava spider mites for 20-30 days, the "mite damage index" is calculated and the disease resistance level of the cassava germplasm is evaluated based on the mite damage index. S6: Add 10g of compound fertilizer to each uninfected plant, and cut the plants for seed propagation after they mature.

2. The method for breeding cassava varieties resistant to Tetranychus cinnabarinus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient solution for cultivating cinnabar spider mites is a mixture of pure water and nutrient solution in a ratio of 1:1; spray twice every other week.

3. The method for breeding cassava varieties resistant to Tetranychus cinnabarinus according to claim 3, characterized in that: The components and contents of the nutrient solution are as follows: a. Trace elements: CaCl 2·H2O 0.01~0.02mg / L; CuS04·5H2O 0.03~0.05mg / L; FeNaEDTA 4.0~5.0mg / L; b. Glutamine: 0.2-0.5 g / L; C: Honey: 20g / L.

4. A cultivation device, for use in the method for breeding cassava varieties resistant to spider mites according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a ring frame (1); A power mechanism (2) is arranged through the annular frame (1); An annular guide rail (3) is arranged on the annular frame (1), and the cross section of the annular guide rail (3) is T-shaped; A plurality of guide members (4) are slidably arranged on the annular guide rail (3) and connected to the power mechanism (2); a placement member (5) is arranged on the outer wall of the guide member (4) and is slidably arranged on the inner wall of the annular frame (1); A spraying member (6) is arranged on the side wall of the annular frame (1) and extends to the top of the annular frame (1); the spraying member (6) comprises a water outlet pipe (61) arranged on the outer wall of the annular frame (1), the water outlet pipe (61) extending to the annular frame (1); a plurality of spray heads (62) arranged on the water outlet pipe (61); and a water inlet valve (63) is connected to the lower end of the water outlet pipe (61).

5. The cultivation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The power mechanism (2) comprises two transmission wheels (21) rotatably arranged on the annular frame (1); the two transmission wheels (21) are connected to each other by a transmission belt (22); a servo motor (23) is arranged on the inner wall of the annular frame (1) and the output end thereof passes through the annular frame (1); the output shaft of the servo motor (23) is connected to one of the transmission wheels (21).

6. The cultivation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The guide member (4) comprises a connecting plate (41) which is slidably arranged on the annular guide rail (3), and the connecting plate (41) is connected to the transmission belt (22); two pulleys (42) are arranged at the bottom of the connecting plate (41), and the pulleys (42) are slidably matched with the annular guide rail (3), and the connecting plate (41) is slidably buckled with the annular guide rail (3) through the two pulleys (42).

7. The cultivation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The placement member (5) comprises a bearing plate (51) arranged on the outer end of the connecting plate (41); a second pulley (52) arranged on one side of the bearing plate (51), the second pulley (52) being in contact with the inner wall of the annular frame (1); and a placement box (53) arranged on the other side of the bearing plate (51), a plurality of through holes (54) being provided on the lower part of the outer wall of the placement box (53).

8. The cultivation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer wall of the annular frame (1) is respectively connected with a water inlet pipe (7) and a sewage discharge valve (8), and the water inlet pipe (7) is inclined in the opposite direction to the installation position of the sewage discharge valve (8); and the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the annular frame (1) is provided with a convex strip (9) for intercepting sewage.

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