Construction method of size-adjustable retaining wall formwork

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction method of a size-adjustable retaining wall template, which comprises the following steps of: when a vertical section template and a slope section template are erected, enabling related foundation embedded anchor bolts to respectively penetrate through a through hole in the bottom of the vertical section template and a through hole in the bottom of the slope section template, and screwing nuts to respectively fix the bottom of the vertical section template and the bottom of the slope section template; a slope crest vertical section formwork is erected, the lower portion of a longitudinal back ridge of the slope crest vertical section formwork and an upper extending section of the longitudinal back ridge of the slope section formwork are clamped at the same time through a middle pull rod, and fixing of the lower portion of the slope crest vertical section on the slope section formwork is achieved; an upper pull rod is used for clamping the upper extending section of the longitudinal back edge of the vertical section formwork, the upper extending section of the longitudinal back edge of the slope top vertical section formwork and the upper extending section of the longitudinal back edge of the slope section formwork at the same time, and fixing of the tops of the vertical section formwork, the slope top vertical section formwork and the slope section formwork is achieved. Through-wall water stop bolts do not need to be arranged, operation can be simplified, and the construction efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a construction method of a retaining wall template with adjustable size. Background Art

[0002] Steel formwork is currently a common formwork for pouring river concrete retaining walls. It is necessary to set up through-wall water-stop bolts to tie and fix the formwork on both sides. The related operations are relatively cumbersome and time-consuming, which affects the construction efficiency. For example, Chinese patent document CN114108847A discloses a PVC through-wall water-stop bolt pipe and its construction method, including a straight pipe body and a corrugated pipe section, the corrugated pipe section is located on the left, right or center of the straight pipe body, and the length of the corrugated pipe section accounts for 1 / 5 or 1 / 4 of the entire pipe body. Its construction and installation steps are: 1) Put the PVC through-wall water-stop bolt pipe on the bolt rod and place it on the inner side of the two formworks; 2) Complete the pouring; 3) When removing the formwork, disassemble the nut on one side, pull out the through-wall bolt rod from the other side as a whole, reuse it, and the PVC through-wall water-stop bolt pipe is left in the wall; 4) After the formwork is removed, the holes at both ends of the PVC through-wall water-stop bolt pipe are blocked. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) The through-wall bolt rod is reused, which reduces the construction cost. 2) It plays the same role as the waterstop steel sheet of a normal waterstop bolt. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a construction method for a retaining wall formwork with adjustable size, which does not require the provision of through-wall water-stop bolts, so as to simplify the operation and improve the construction efficiency.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is: a construction method of a retaining wall formwork with adjustable size, wherein a plurality of foundation pre-embedded anchor bolts (referred to as pre-embedded bolts) are respectively arranged for fixing the vertical section formwork (wall back side formwork) and the slope section formwork (slope surface formwork on the wall side) when pouring the retaining wall foundation, the foundation pre-embedded anchor bolts for fixing the vertical section formwork are located on the wall back side of the foundation top surface (upper surface), and the foundation pre-embedded anchor bolts for fixing the slope section formwork are located on the wall side of the foundation top surface, the vertical section formwork and the slope section formwork are supported, the foundation pre-embedded anchor bolts for fixing the vertical section formwork are passed through the through holes (or bottom holes, for example, which can be arranged on the lower horizontal frame) at the bottom of the vertical section formwork for anchor bolt fastening, and the nuts of the corresponding foundation pre-embedded anchor bolts are tightened to fix the bottom of the vertical section formwork on the foundation The template is fixed on the foundation, the foundation embedded anchor bolts for fixing the slope section formwork are passed through the through holes for anchor fastening at the bottom of the slope section formwork and the nuts of the corresponding foundation embedded anchor bolts are tightened to fix the bottom of the slope formwork on the foundation, the slope top vertical section formwork (small vertical section formwork) is supported, and the middle pull rod is used to simultaneously clamp the lower part of the longitudinal back rib of the slope top vertical section formwork and the upper protruding section of the longitudinal back rib of the slope section formwork, so as to realize the fixation of the lower part of the slope top vertical section on the slope section formwork, and the upper pull rod is used to simultaneously clamp the upper protruding section of the longitudinal back rib of the vertical section formwork, the upper protruding section of the longitudinal back rib of the slope top vertical section formwork and the upper protruding section of the longitudinal back rib of the slope section formwork, so as to realize the fixation of the top of the vertical section formwork, the slope top vertical section formwork and the slope section formwork.

[0005] There is no need to install through-wall waterstop bolts.

[0006] The middle tie rod does not enter the inner side of the slope top vertical section formwork, and only clamps the longitudinal back ribs (for example, longitudinal back rib channel steel) of the slope top vertical section formwork through the clamping nut / pressure plate without touching its panel.

[0007] Furthermore, after the vertical section formwork, the slope top vertical section formwork and the slope section formwork are set up, the end formwork (one end or both ends, depending on the actual situation) is supported and fixed to close the casting space.

[0008] Furthermore, the side edges (eg, longitudinal frames) of the end formwork are fixedly connected (eg, fixedly connected via connectors / connection assemblies) to the side edges (eg, longitudinal frames) of the adjacent vertical formwork, the top vertical section formwork, and the slope section formwork.

[0009] Preferably, the longitudinal back ribs of the vertical section formwork, the slope top vertical section formwork and the slope section formwork are all composed of two channel steels, and a gap is left between the two channel steels on the same longitudinal back rib to allow the tie rods (upper tie rods and middle tie rods) to pass through.

[0010] Preferably, the upper pull rod and the middle pull rod are both threadedly connected with a pair of clamping nuts for clamping and fixing the longitudinal back ribs. The number of the clamping nut pairs is consistent with the number of longitudinal back ribs to be clamped. The two clamping nuts in the same clamping nut pair clamp and fix the longitudinal back ribs from both sides of the longitudinal back ribs. A pressure plate is provided between the clamping nuts and the clamped longitudinal back ribs. The pressure plate is sleeved on the pull rod and can be pressed on the two channel steels of the longitudinal back ribs at the same time.

[0011] Preferably, the straight section formwork, the slope top vertical section formwork and the slope section formwork all adopt assembled formwork, which is assembled from a number of formwork monomers. A number of through holes are distributed on the longitudinal frames of the formwork monomers. The adjacent longitudinal frames of adjacent formwork monomers are fastened together by bolts (through the through holes aligned with each other on the two longitudinal frames), thereby achieving a fixed connection between adjacent formwork monomers.

[0012] Preferably, the end formwork adopts an integral formwork.

[0013] Preferably, the back of the panel of the template monomer (the template monomer of the straight section template, the slope top vertical section template and the slope section template) is provided with a plurality of transverse back ribs, and the transverse back ribs on the same template monomer are preferably evenly spaced in the longitudinal direction and are preferably at the same height as the frame.

[0014] Preferably, each template monomer is provided with the longitudinal back ribs, which are located outside the transverse back ribs and are fixedly connected to the transverse back ribs, or are fixedly connected to the transverse back ribs and the transverse frame.

[0015] Preferably, the number of longitudinal back ribs on the same template monomer is two.

[0016] Preferably, the upper extending section of the longitudinal back ribs of the template monomer adopts a height-adjustable structure.

[0017] Preferably, the main body of the template monomer (the area where the panel is located, or the part except the upper extending section of the longitudinal back rib) adopts a height-adjustable structure.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the upper and lower parts of the template are fixed respectively by the pull rod and the pre-embedded anchor bolts of the foundation, and the rigidity and strength of the template are ensured by the reinforced longitudinal back ribs and transverse back ribs and other related structures, and then through the coordination of various parts, it is possible to ensure the smooth implementation of the pouring construction and the quality of the poured wall without setting the through-wall water stop bolts in the concrete pouring space, thereby avoiding the construction operations such as removing the bolts, cleaning the holes and blocking the openings caused by the setting of the through-wall water stop bolts, and avoiding the problems of water seepage in the construction wall caused by the setting of the through-wall water stop bolts. In addition, since the template height is adjustable, it is allowed to set and adjust the height of the upper extension section of the longitudinal back ribs and the height of the template body, and the number of templates (singles) can be flexibly set through the spliced ​​template structure, which can better adapt to the actual conditions on site.

[0019] The present invention can set the appropriate width of the template, and the construction has adjustable height, does not require wall-penetrating water-stop bolts, is safe and simple, efficient, economical and safe, and its product structure is reusable and easy to operate. It is simple to install and use, has high work efficiency, and effectively guarantees the quality and safety of engineering construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a retaining wall involved in the present invention; Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of a retaining wall involved in the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a large facade template involved in the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the inclined template involved in the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a small facade template involved in the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of an end face template involved in the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a first tension bolt according to the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a second tension bolt involved in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] See also Figure 1-Figure 8 The retaining wall involved in the present invention can be used as a retaining wall or other similar occasions. The retaining wall (casting section) to be cast includes a retaining wall foundation (referred to as foundation, or base) 10 and a wall body (referred to as retaining wall) 20. The retaining wall foundation can be regarded as a rectangle (rectangular parallelepiped), and the top surface area of ​​the foundation is larger than the bottom area of ​​the wall body, exposing the edges of the wall side and the back side of the wall. The wall body is in a shape of being larger at the bottom and smaller at the top. The back side of the wall is a vertical surface, which can be called a vertical section. The lower part of the wall side is an inclined plane, which can be called a slope section. A small vertical surface is provided at the upper part of the wall side, which can be called a small vertical section (or a slope top vertical section). A platform may or may not be provided between the inclined surface and the small vertical surface. The top of the wall body is a plane, and the two ends of the wall body are conformable vertical surfaces, which can be called end surfaces (or ends). The so-called vertical surface is a plane perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

[0022] Conventional formwork can be used for the formwork (side formwork) used for pouring the foundation.

[0023] The side formwork for pouring the wall body includes a vertical section formwork 30, a slope section formwork 40, a small vertical section formwork 50 and an end formwork (end formworks at both ends) 60. The vertical section formwork, the slope section formwork and the small vertical section formwork can all be assembled formworks, which are formed by connecting a number of formwork monomers (or single-piece formworks, or formwork blocks) in sequence, and the end module can be an integral formwork (can be called a whole-piece formwork).

[0024] Each template adopts a longitudinally reinforced steel template, and a frame (template frame), a horizontal back rib and a vertical back rib 3 are arranged on the back of the panel 1. Among them, the horizontal back rib is equal in height to the frame (the height protruding from the panel is equal), and there are multiple horizontal back ribs, which can usually be distributed at equal intervals. The two ends of the horizontal back rib can be fixedly connected (for example, welded) to the frame (vertical frame) on the corresponding side, and the vertical back rib is located on the outside of the horizontal back rib and the frame (back direction), and is fixedly connected to the horizontal back rib and the horizontal frame.

[0025] The template (including single template and whole template) is provided with a ring plate 7, which can be arranged (for example, welded) on the longitudinal back rib and / or other suitable positions on the template. According to actual needs, the number of the ring plates can be one or more, and multiple ring plates are arranged at different positions, so that a suitable ring plate can be selected / adjusted according to the posture requirements of the template.

[0026] The number of longitudinal back ribs on each single-block formwork (including the single-block formworks used to form vertical section steel formworks, slope section formworks and small vertical section formworks) can be two groups (or two), each group of longitudinal back ribs is composed of two channel steels (which can be called longitudinal back rib channel steels), a gap is left between the two channel steels of the same group of longitudinal back ribs, and a plurality of pads 5 are arranged in the gap at equal intervals along the extension direction of the longitudinal back ribs, and the lateral sides of the pads can be fixedly connected to the longitudinal back rib channel steels on the corresponding sides.

[0027] The longitudinal back ribs of the end formwork can be composed of two channel steels like the longitudinal back ribs of the single-piece formwork mentioned above, and a pad is set in the gap between the two channel steels. The number of longitudinal back ribs of the end formwork is set according to actual needs. If necessary, the longitudinal back ribs of the end formwork can also adopt other forms with sufficient strength and rigidity.

[0028] In a single template, the upper extension section of the longitudinal back rib is located above the panel, and preferably adopts a length-adjustable structure. For example, it is composed of two sections (two parts) connected by bolts, and the longitudinal relative position of the two ends is adjustable. When the longitudinal back rib adopts channel steel, the two sections of channel steel connected to each other can be arranged side by side in the horizontal direction, and bolted by setting corresponding (aligned) through holes (for passing fastening bolts) on the side wall, or the smaller upper section (the connecting part of the upper section) is overlapped in the larger lower section, and bolted by setting corresponding (aligned) through holes on the side wall. There are multiple holes for passing fastening bolts on at least one section and they are distributed alternately in the longitudinal direction. The relative longitudinal position between the two sections can be changed by changing the holes actually used for the fastening bolts, so that the length can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0029] Based on the same adjustable structure, the main part of the longitudinal back rib can also adopt a length-adjustable structure, and the graded adjustment range is the longitudinal size of a template. The panel of a single template adopts a longitudinal splicing structure, which is composed of multiple rectangular template strips (splicing units) spliced ​​in the longitudinal direction. The rectangular template strips are provided with frames around them. After splicing, the longitudinal frames on both sides constitute the longitudinal sides of the single template. The transverse frames of adjacent rectangular template strips are fastened together by bolts to form the transverse back ribs at the corresponding parts. The upper transverse frame of the rectangular template strip located at the top constitutes the upper transverse frame of the single template, and the lower transverse frame of the rectangular template strip located at the bottom constitutes the lower transverse frame of the single template. A connecting plate is set on the back of the rectangular template strip (for example, the two ends of the connecting plate are welded to the upper and lower transverse frames), and the longitudinal back rib is fastened to the connecting plate by bolts, thereby realizing the fixed installation of the longitudinal back rib on the single template, so that the longitudinal size of the panel of the single template can be adjusted according to actual needs, and then the height of concrete pouring and the shape of the wall can be adjusted.

[0030] According to actual needs, any other suitable form of adjustable template can be used.

[0031] The upper extending section of the longitudinal back rib of each single template (the part extending out of the corresponding panel) is vertical (perpendicular to the horizontal plane when in use).

[0032] Channel steel used as longitudinal back ribs can usually adopt larger / thicker specifications to obtain sufficiently high strength and rigidity.

[0033] The bottom frames (lower transverse frames) of the vertical section template and the slope section template are provided with a plurality of through holes for inserting the corresponding pre-embedded foundation anchor bolts to fix the bottom of the template on the foundation, including pre-embedded foundation anchor bolts 82 for fixing the vertical section template and pre-embedded foundation anchor bolts 81 for fixing the slope section template. The bottom frames are fastened to the foundation through the pre-embedded foundation anchor bolts. The bottom frames of each template are usually horizontal or parallel to the foundation surface (in the use state) to facilitate the stability and fixation of the template on the foundation.

[0034] Each longitudinal frame of a single template is provided with a plurality of through holes distributed alternately along the longitudinal direction. During assembly, fastening bolts are used to fasten adjacent longitudinal frames together through these through holes, thereby achieving a fixed connection between the single templates to form an assembled template.

[0035] The slope of the slope section formwork / the panel slope of the single-piece formwork used to form the slope section formwork (when in use) is determined according to the slope of the wall side of the wall (slope of the inclined plane).

[0036] Figure 3An example of a single steel formwork for a vertical section formwork is shown, wherein the panel 1 is a rectangular flat plate, which can be a whole piece or a plurality of pieces (strips) spliced ​​together. Frames are arranged on all sides of the formwork, and the connecting ends of the horizontal frame and the vertical frame are welded together. The frame can be made of strip steel plates, which are welded at the corresponding edges of the panel, and the thickness can be greater than the thickness of the panel. The transverse back ribs are evenly spaced between the upper and lower transverse frames, and a number of longitudinal ribs can be arranged between the two transverse back ribs located at the lower part / bottom. The upper and lower ends of the longitudinal ribs are respectively fixedly connected to the transverse back ribs at the corresponding positions to further strengthen the bottom of the formwork. The longitudinal back ribs 3 are located on the outside of the transverse back ribs, and the number is two groups (or two). Both the transverse back ribs and the longitudinal back ribs are made of channel steel, and the specification size of the longitudinal back rib channel steel is larger than the specification size of the transverse back rib channel steel. Each transverse back rib is composed of two channel steels arranged side by side, and each longitudinal back rib is composed of two channel steels parallel to each other and with a certain spacing, and a pad 5 is arranged in the gap between the two channel steels. The pad can also be a channel steel, supported between the two channel steels constituting the longitudinal back rib, and can be fixedly connected to the two channel steels or panels. Since there is a gap between the two channel steels constituting the longitudinal back rib, a tie rod can be passed through the gap and the pressure plate on the tie rod can be pressed on the two channel steels at the same time, thereby applying a tensile force to the longitudinal back rib with high rigidity, and then transferred to the transverse back rib through the longitudinal back rib, and then transferred to the panel through the transverse back rib. Usually, the tie rod is arranged at the upper extension section of the longitudinal back rib of the template. Since the template has sufficient rigidity, and the upper and lower parts are fixed by tie rods and foundation embedded anchor bolts respectively, deformation and displacement will not occur, so there is no need to set a through-wall water-stop screw that passes through the concrete pouring space in the middle part of the template.

[0037] Figure 4 An example of a single steel template for a slope section template is shown. Figure 3 The main difference between the examples is that the panel is inclined (when in use). Since its lower horizontal frame should still be horizontal (so as to fit the base surface), the upper extension of the longitudinal back rib (the part that extends beyond the top edge of the panel) should still be vertical. Therefore, the lower horizontal frame and the panel should be set at a corresponding angle, and there should also be a turn between the main part of the longitudinal back rib and the upper extension of the longitudinal back rib to form a corresponding angle between the two.

[0038] Figure 5 An example of a single steel formwork for a small vertical segment formwork is shown. Figure 3 The difference between the examples mainly lies in the different longitudinal dimensions, and the required number of transverse back ribs can be set according to the longitudinal dimensions. At the same time, since the force is relatively small, there is no need to set further strengthening structures such as longitudinal ribs.

[0039] Figure 6An example of an end formwork is shown. The shape of the end formwork should conform to the shape of the wall end, and its longitudinal back ribs do not need to exceed the top edge of the panel. Other structures can be the same or similar to the vertical segment formwork.

[0040] Figure 7 and Figure 8 The upper tie rod 85 for tying and fixing three longitudinal back ribs (vertical section template, small vertical section template and inclined section template longitudinal back ribs) and the middle tie rod 84 for tying and fixing two longitudinal back ribs (small vertical section template and inclined section template longitudinal back ribs) are shown respectively. The rod body of the tie rod is provided with (threadedly connected with) multiple pairs of clamping nut pairs (or nut groups) 83. The number of clamping nut pairs is consistent with the number of longitudinal back ribs to be tied and fixed. Two clamping nuts are provided in the same nut pair. When in use, the two nuts in the same nut pair clamp the longitudinal back ribs from both sides of the longitudinal back ribs. The pressure plate (or clamping plate) for directly applying pressure to the longitudinal back ribs is arranged on the longitudinal back rib side of the clamping nut, or in other words, it is located between the clamping nut and the clamped longitudinal back ribs. The clamping plate should be of sufficient size to be able to press on the two channel steels constituting the same longitudinal back rib at the same time. Each group of clamping nuts clamps the longitudinal back ribs corresponding to each other at the same time, so as to achieve the relative position fixation of each longitudinal back rib.

[0041] An inclined support 74 can be set on the outside of the vertical section formwork. The upper end of the inclined support is hinged to the longitudinal back rib of the vertical section formwork, and the lower end is hinged to the inclined support base. The inclined support base is buried in a concrete block 75 for fixing the inclined support. By adjusting the length of the inclined support, the vertical section formwork is supported in a vertical posture.

[0042] A bracket 71 for laying a pedestrian work platform may be provided on the upper outer side of the vertical section formwork, and a column 72 for setting a railing may be provided on the outer side of the bracket, and the inner end of the bracket is fixedly connected to the longitudinal back rib of the vertical section formwork.

[0043] The construction of retaining wall formwork mainly involves: pre-embedded anchor bolts in the foundation, steel formwork, steel support and adjustable partial formwork support (if any), formwork connectors, upper locking tension screws, etc.

[0044] The construction process is as follows: excavation of foundation trench → construction of cushion layer → support of retaining wall foundation formwork → embedded bolts for retaining wall foundation → pouring of retaining wall foundation concrete → support of retaining wall vertical section formwork (vertical surface formwork) → support of lower formwork (inclined formwork) and upper formwork (small vertical surface formwork) on the other side (slope side) → embedded drainage pipes → support of formwork at both ends of retaining wall → pouring of retaining wall concrete → concrete maintenance → formwork removal → backfilling and compaction.

[0045] The relevant construction / operation methods are: 1) Foundation trench excavation The excavation of the retaining wall foundation trench is carried out by excavators in combination with manual work. In combination with the actual construction situation, the following work should be done during the retaining wall excavation construction: i) Before excavating the retaining wall, do a good job of site interception and drainage; ii) Excavation should be carried out strictly in accordance with the design drawings to ensure the depth of the retaining wall foundation. After the foundation pit is excavated, the foundation bearing capacity test should be carried out. If the geological conditions of the base do not match those shown in the drawings, a foundation treatment plan or reinforcement measures should be proposed in a timely manner and reported to the design and supervision engineers for approval and implementation. Before the foundation is constructed, the foundation should be drained and compacted to ensure that the foundation is dry, flat and solid; iii) The retaining wall foundation pit should be excavated in sections, and the wall body should be constructed in time. There should be no horizontal joints in the wall body. The expansion joints should be set in sections according to the specifications and drawing design requirements. The expansion joints are set at intervals of 10m and 2cm in width. Polyethylene closed-cell foam boards are embedded in the joints. When constructing the retaining wall, the construction should be carried out in sections according to the location of the expansion joints; iv) The open excavation of the retaining wall shall be carried out in layers and sections from top to bottom. Attention shall be paid to controlling the slope at any time, and a certain water flow slope shall be made on the surface. When it is found during excavation that the soil quality is weaker than the design requirements, and the soil layer is inclined outward (down the slope) to the weak interlayer of the excavation, the design unit shall be notified to adjust the slope or take reinforcement measures to prevent soil landslide. It is strictly forbidden to excavate from the bottom up or inverted. A certain slope shall be made at any time during construction to facilitate drainage, and water accumulation shall be avoided in the stable range of the slope during the excavation process.

[0046] 2) Pad construction The concrete cushion is 100cm thick and uses C15 commercial concrete. The wooden formwork is supported according to the designed size, poured using a chute or pump truck, spread manually with an iron rake, leveled with a scraper bar, smoothed with a slurry lifting board, and covered and maintained with geotextile. No pedestrians are allowed to pass on the surface before the concrete strength reaches 1.2MPa. The next process will be carried out after the strength meets the requirements.

[0047] 3) Retaining wall foundation formwork The side formwork of the retaining wall foundation is made of wooden formwork, and the formwork is processed, manufactured and installed according to the designed dimensions.

[0048] 4) Embedded bolts The embedded bolts are made of 25mm fine rolled round steel with a length of 500mm. One bolt is embedded every 500mm along the axis of the template support at 5cm from the outer edge of the wall. The specific embedded spacing can be adjusted according to the actual template assembly width. The embedded parts must be accurately positioned to facilitate template installation.

[0049] 5) Concrete pouring of retaining wall foundation Use chute or pump truck for pouring, manual iron rake for paving, scraper bar for leveling, slurry lifting board for smoothing, geotextile for covering and curing. No pedestrians are allowed to pass on the surface before the concrete strength reaches 1.2MPa. The next process is carried out after the strength meets the requirements. The concrete contact surface within the retaining wall range of the foundation is roughened.

[0050] 6) Support / fix the back wall formwork After the foundation concrete strength and embedded bolts meet the steel formwork installation requirements, the vertical section formwork is installed. The formwork is hoisted onto the embedded bolts, and the bolts pass through the corresponding bottom holes of the formwork and are tightened with nuts. A pedestrian working platform can be provided on the upper part of the vertical section formwork, for example, the width is 630mm from the edge of the formwork and the railing is 1220mm high. The top of the vertical section formwork adopts a height-adjustable structure. For example, the height of the vertical section can be adjusted by about 500mm according to the designed wall height. If the adjustable height needs to be increased, the height of the adjustable part of the formwork is increased when the formwork is made.

[0051] 7) Support / fix the wall side formwork After the vertical section template is installed, the slope section template is hoisted and placed on the embedded bolts. The bolts pass through the corresponding bottom holes of the template and are tightened with nuts. Then the small vertical section template is hoisted into place. The small vertical section template at the top of the slope section template is tightened with the top of the overall vertical section template with tension screws. The middle of the vertical section side template and the slope section side template do not need to be equipped with tension bolts to meet the template stiffness requirements. The slope section template can increase or decrease the height of the two template strips according to the designed wall elevation (the vertical height of a single template strip is about 157mm); the small straight section template located above the slope section template also increases the adjustment height by about 500mm. If the adjustable height needs to be increased, the height of the adjustment part template should be increased when the template is made.

[0052] 8) Drainage pipe laying The drainage pipe uses a 75mm diameter PVC drainage pipe. One end (water inlet end) is wrapped with geotextile and gravel and tied firmly. It is buried and arranged in the position required by the design.

[0053] 9) Support the end formwork of the casting section The end formwork is made of steel formwork. After the formwork on both sides of the wall is fixed, the end formwork (one or both ends) is closed and constructed, and needs to be reinforced.

[0054] 10) Retaining wall concrete pouring After the formwork is installed, it will be inspected and accepted. Concrete can be poured only after it is qualified. Concrete will be poured in time according to the design number after the formwork is inspected and accepted. After the concrete is poured, it will be cured. After it meets the specifications or design requirements, the formwork will be removed.

[0055] Specific requirements for steel formwork installation: 1) The steel formwork is processed by a professional factory according to the formwork design drawings and transported to the construction site for assembly. The width of a single steel formwork is 1m. The tops of the formwork on both sides are connected with bolts (pull rods, or tension bolts). The middle of the side formwork does not need to be connected with tension bolts to meet the formwork rigidity requirements. The steel formwork is spliced ​​on the ground and hoisted to the construction site by a car crane or tower crane to close the wall formwork. The lower end of the formwork is flush with the pre-set elevation control line. The upper end of the formwork is temporarily connected to the steel bar with A6.5 steel wire rope and bayonet. No less than 2 steel pipes are used for temporary support, and then the adjacent formwork is hoisted and installed.

[0056] 2) The surface of the formwork must be brushed with a release agent, and the surface of the joints between the panels must be flat and free of warping.

[0057] 3) The end wall formwork (end formwork) is equipped with a cleaning opening, which is located at (corresponding to) the two ends of the bottom of the wall near the corners (the two ends of the bottom of the end wall formwork), one at each end, with a size of 50×100mm, and is tightly sealed before pouring concrete.

[0058] 4) Before installing the wall formwork, place a sponge strip in the gap between the two forms and apply a release agent to the corresponding surface of the formwork with cotton yarn.

[0059] 5) When the formwork is hoisted into place, carefully check the layout position of each formwork and adjust the verticality after hoisting into place.

[0060] 6) When multiple brackets are stacked together, they should be stacked neatly on a flat surface to prevent deformation of the brackets.

[0061] Unless otherwise specified or when one preferred or optional technical means is a further limitation of another technical means, the preferred and optional technical means disclosed in the present invention can be arbitrarily combined to form several different specific implementation methods.

Claims

1. A construction method for a retaining wall formwork with adjustable size, characterized in that When pouring the retaining wall foundation, a number of foundation pre-buried anchor bolts are set for fixing the vertical section formwork and the slope section formwork respectively. The foundation pre-buried anchor bolts for fixing the vertical section formwork are located on the back side of the wall on the top surface of the foundation, and the foundation pre-buried anchor bolts for fixing the slope section formwork are located on the wall side of the top surface of the foundation. The vertical section formwork and the slope section formwork are supported, and the foundation pre-buried anchor bolts for fixing the vertical section formwork are passed through the through holes for anchor fastening at the bottom of the vertical section formwork, and the nuts of the corresponding foundation pre-buried anchor bolts are tightened to fix the bottom of the vertical section formwork, and the foundation pre-buried anchor bolts for fixing the slope section formwork are passed through the bottom of the slope section formwork. Through holes for fastening anchor bolts are used to tighten the nuts of the corresponding pre-embedded anchor bolts in the foundation to fix the bottom of the slope formwork, support the vertical section formwork at the top of the slope, use the middle pull rod to simultaneously clamp the lower part of the longitudinal back rib of the vertical section formwork at the top of the slope and the upper protruding section of the longitudinal back rib of the slope section formwork, so as to fix the lower part of the vertical section at the top of the slope on the slope section formwork, and use the upper pull rod to simultaneously clamp the upper protruding section of the longitudinal back rib of the vertical section formwork, the upper protruding section of the longitudinal back rib of the vertical section formwork at the top of the slope and the upper protruding section of the longitudinal back rib of the slope section formwork, so as to fix the tops of the vertical section formwork, the vertical section formwork at the top of the slope and the slope section formwork.

2. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that After setting up the vertical section formwork, the slope top vertical section formwork and the slope section formwork, support and fix the end formwork to close the pouring space.

3. The construction method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that The side edges of the end formwork are fixedly connected to the side edges of the adjacent vertical formwork, the slope top vertical section formwork and the slope section formwork.

4. The construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The longitudinal back ribs of the vertical section formwork, the slope top vertical section formwork and the slope section formwork are all composed of two channel steels, and a gap is left between the two channel steels on the same longitudinal back rib to allow the tie rod to pass through.

5. The construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that The upper pull rod and the middle pull rod are both threadedly connected with a pair of clamping nuts for clamping and fixing the longitudinal back ribs. The two clamping nuts in the same pair of clamping nuts clamp and fix the longitudinal back ribs from both sides of the longitudinal back ribs. A pressure plate is provided between the clamping nuts and the clamped longitudinal back ribs. The pressure plate is sleeved on the pull rod and can press on the two channel steels of the longitudinal back ribs at the same time.

6. The construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The straight section template, the slope top vertical section template and the slope section template are all assembled templates, which are spliced ​​together by a number of template monomers. A number of through holes are distributed on the longitudinal frames of the template monomers. The adjacent longitudinal frames of adjacent template monomers are fastened together by bolts, thereby realizing a fixed connection between adjacent template monomers.

7. The construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that The back of the panel of the template monomer is provided with a plurality of transverse back ribs, and the transverse back ribs on the same template monomer are at the same height as the frame. Each template monomer is provided with the longitudinal back ribs, and the longitudinal back ribs are located on the outside of the transverse back ribs and are fixedly connected to the transverse back ribs, or are fixedly connected to the transverse back ribs and the transverse frame.

8. The construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that The number of longitudinal back ribs on the same template monomer is two.

9. The construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The upper extended section of the longitudinal back ribs of the template monomer adopts a height-adjustable structure.

10. The construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The main body of the template monomer adopts a height-adjustable structure.

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