Mountain tunnel waterproof and drainage structure convenient to maintain and replace and construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a mountain tunnel waterproof and drainage structure convenient to maintain and replace and a construction method.The waterproof and drainage structure comprises a primary support, a secondary lining, detachable water guiding and drainage structures and a tunnel bottom drainage structure, an annular groove is reserved in a secondary lining construction joint, and the water guiding and drainage structures are intensively arranged; the water guiding and draining structure comprises a water draining pipe, an annular water draining groove, a water-wave-proof steel pattern plate, a heat preservation material and a decorative plate which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside. The bottom drainage structure comprises transverse drainage ditches and a central drainage ditch. According to the tunnel waterproof and drainage structure, the underground water behind the tunnel lining is basically drained through the capacity of the water drainage pipe for actively reducing the underground water, the underground water is prevented from acting on the supporting structure, permeation of the underground water into the supporting structure is reduced, the construction method is simple and convenient, and the construction quality is easy to control; during tunnel operation and maintenance, desilting, maintenance and replacement are facilitated, and the durability of the tunnel is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel drainage, and specifically relates to a mountain tunnel drainage structure and a construction method that are easy to repair and replace. Background Art

[0003] In order to solve the drainage problem of mountain highway tunnels, countries around the world have formed a relatively systematic tunnel drainage structure after years of research. However, from the practical situation, the drainage problem of mountain highway tunnels has not been effectively solved fundamentally, the cost of prevention and control projects has continued to increase, and the construction process and technology have continued to become more complicated. The Chinese patent application number CN 116241323 A discloses a high-water-rich karst tunnel drainage structure, which consists of initial support, permeable steel frame, waterproof board, secondary lining, permeable wall corner, lateral drainage ditch, transverse drainage pipe and central drainage ditch. The Chinese patent application number CN 114151131 A discloses a tunnel drainage system and construction method suitable for strong water-rich strata, which consists of initial support, secondary lining, annular diversion trough structure, drainage holes, waterproof board, side wall water collection well, transverse buried trench and central drainage ditch. These drainage structures all use waterproof boards arranged throughout the length to prevent groundwater from entering the tunnel. On the outside of the waterproof board, a permeable steel frame and an annular diversion groove structure are used to set up an annular drainage channel, collect the groundwater on the outside of the waterproof board into the drainage system, and drain it to the corner of the tunnel wall, and collect it to the central drainage ditch through devices such as transverse drainage pipes, so as to discharge the groundwater out of the tunnel. The Chinese patent with application number CN219809048U discloses a secondary lining drainage structure for a sandy dolomite tunnel, which uses an annularly arranged drainage pipe to reduce the water pressure behind the lining; the Chinese patent with application number CN113090327A discloses a multi-directional drainage system and construction method after tunnel lining, which also uses the drainage pipe at the arch foot to reduce the water pressure behind the water-rich tunnel lining. Both are corresponding measures taken to reduce the excessive water pressure exerted by groundwater on the tunnel structure under the condition of applying a waterproof layer. Among the above four types of drainage structures, the use of a waterproof layer laid throughout the length is an important measure to ensure the drainage structure of the tunnel. The construction quality of the waterproof layer is an important indicator of whether the tunnel will leak in the later operation, which brings great challenges to tunnel construction. At the same time, in these drainage structures, the permeable steel frame and the annular diversion trough structure are equipped with steel structures that are susceptible to water corrosion, and the various drainage pipes and ditches in the drainage structure are designed behind the secondary lining, which is a hidden project. After the tunnel construction is completed, the construction quality of the drainage system cannot be effectively evaluated. At the same time, since the various pipes and ditches are located inside the structure, it is not conducive to the subsequent dredging of the tunnel drainage system, and it is impossible to replace the corroded drainage materials, resulting in water leakage and other problems during the operation of the tunnel due to the failure of the drainage system.

[0004] Combined with the above analysis of the existing tunnel drainage structure, the main reasons for the existing tunnel drainage problems are as follows: First, the construction quality is difficult to guarantee, the waterproof board is difficult to be completely impermeable throughout the entire length, and the sealing of the overlapped parts is insufficient; second, the drainage system is blocked. Due to mineral crystallization and other factors in the groundwater, the drainage channel is blocked, and the failure of the drainage system causes groundwater to flow and accumulate in the lining, forming leakage at the weak links of the lining; third, the durability of the drainage material cannot meet the design service life of the tunnel, and it is difficult to replace the drainage material in the existing tunnel, which leads to the failure of the drainage system during the operation of the tunnel; fourth, the construction process is complicated. The existing tunnel waterproof board adopts a full-length design, and the tightness of the paving is difficult to accurately control, which seriously affects the construction quality and progress; fifth, the drainage system is difficult to inspect and repair. The existing tunnel drainage system is a concealed project, mainly set inside the tunnel structure, and does not have the functions of inspection, maintenance and replacement. These aspects are the shortcomings of the existing tunnel drainage system. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a mountain tunnel drainage structure and a construction method that are easy to maintain and replace. Without substantially changing the existing construction arrangement, the drainage system of the tunnel arch wall is centrally arranged to solve the problems of difficulty in ensuring construction quality, failure of the drainage system, and inability to replace drainage materials, thereby effectively solving the problem of water leakage in the tunnel.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A drainage and waterproofing structure for a mountain tunnel which is easy to maintain and replace comprises a tunnel main structure, a detachable drainage and diversion structure arranged on the tunnel arch wall, and a tunnel bottom drainage structure arranged at the lower end of the tunnel main body; the detachability of the structure ensures that maintenance personnel can maintain, inspect and replace the drainage and waterproofing structure during the later operation period.

[0008] The drainage structure includes a plurality of drainage pipes arranged on the primary support, one end of the drainage pipe is located in the tunnel surrounding rock, and the other end is located in the annular drainage groove inside the primary support; the inner side of the annular drainage groove is a waterproof corrugated steel plate, the waterproof corrugated steel plate and the secondary lining are connected by connecting studs and connecting nuts arranged in the installation groove, and the gap between the inner wall of the installation groove and the waterproof corrugated steel plate is filled with rubber water blocking material; the inner side of the waterproof corrugated steel plate is filled with thermal insulation material, and a decorative plate flush with the secondary lining is installed on the surface;

[0009] The tunnel bottom drainage structure comprises a central drainage pipe located at the lower end of the tunnel body, and the central drainage pipe is connected to the annular drainage groove by a transverse drainage groove.

[0010] The main structure of the tunnel plays the function of preventing groundwater from entering the tunnel. Excess groundwater is drained through the drainage structure and collected in the drainage structure at the bottom of the tunnel. The groundwater is discharged out of the tunnel through the drainage structure at the bottom of the tunnel.

[0011] In the above-mentioned mountain tunnel waterproofing and drainage structure that is easy to repair and replace, the main structure of the tunnel includes initial support and secondary lining, and the concrete anti-seepage grade of the initial support and secondary lining is P10 or above. The secondary lining is a discontinuous structure along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel; at the construction joint of the secondary lining, a gap of 30cm is reserved along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to form an annular groove; installation grooves are set on both sides of the annular groove; the distance between the installation groove and the initial support determines the size of the annular drainage groove, thereby affecting the drainage capacity of the annular drainage groove.

[0012] In the above-mentioned mountain tunnel drainage structure that is easy to repair and replace, the drainage structure is arranged at the annular groove between the secondary linings, and the surface of the drainage structure is flush with the surface of the secondary lining at the inner arch wall of the tunnel. From the inside to the outside of the tunnel, the drainage structure includes decorative panels, thermal insulation materials, waterproof corrugated steel plates, annular drainage grooves, and drain pipes, among which the thermal insulation materials can be selected according to actual needs.

[0013] In the above-mentioned mountain tunnel drainage structure that is easy to repair and replace, the drainage pipe adopts a double-walled half-hole corrugated pipe, and ensures that the double-walled half-hole corrugated pipe is adapted to the holes punched on the initial support. The specific parameters such as the number, length, and diameter of the drainage pipe are determined according to the actual drainage volume. During installation, only the corrugated pipe needs to be placed in the punched hole. There is no need to fill the gap between the drainage pipe and the initial support.

[0014] In the above-mentioned mountain tunnel waterproofing and drainage structure that is easy to repair and replace, the rubber water blocking material is in various forms, including but not limited to swelling waterproof rubber strips and water-swelling rubber plugs, to ensure that the structure is watertight.

[0015] In the above-mentioned mountain tunnel waterproofing and drainage structure that is easy to repair and replace, the waterproof corrugated steel plate is assembled in sections. The waterproof corrugated steel plate is fixed to the secondary lining by connecting studs and connecting nuts set in the installation groove, a rubber water stop plug is set between the waterproof corrugated steel plate and the inner wall of the installation groove, and a rubber water stop pad is set between the connecting nut and the waterproof corrugated steel plate; the overlapping part of the waterproof corrugated steel plate adopts the same structure. A rubber water stop strip is set between the two pieces of waterproof corrugated steel plates; by adjusting the connecting nut, the rubber water stop block is deformed by force to fill the gap between the waterproof corrugated steel plates, so as to achieve sealing between the waterproof corrugated steel plates and the secondary lining.

[0016] In the above-mentioned mountain tunnel waterproofing and drainage structure that is easy to maintain and replace, the annular drainage ditch is formed by an annular closed groove reserved between the waterproof corrugated steel plate and the initial support; at the bottom of the tunnel body, the transverse drainage ditch is composed of a prefabricated concrete module for the transverse drainage ditch, which is divided into two parts, one is a bottom module, and the other is a top module with a groove. During installation, the module is first placed in the designated position and ensured that the transverse drainage ditch is connected with the annular drainage ditch and the central drainage ditch respectively, and then the arch is backfilled.

[0017] In the above-mentioned mountain tunnel drainage structure that is easy to repair and replace, the thermal insulation material should be detachable.

[0018] A method for drainage and prevention of mountain tunnels, which is special in that groundwater in the surrounding rock enters the annular drainage ditch inside the initial support through the drainage pipe arranged on the initial support of the tunnel, and then flows into the central drainage pipe connected to the outside of the tunnel through the transverse drainage groove, and the central drainage pipe discharges the groundwater to the outside of the tunnel.

[0019] A construction method for a mountain tunnel drainage structure that is easy to repair and replace, comprising the following steps:

[0020]

S1

[0021] According to the tunnel design plan, the tunnel surrounding rock is excavated, and according to the tunnel design and construction plan, the initial support is applied on the surrounding rock surface at the appropriate time;

[0022]

S2

[0023] According to the tunnel design plan, the tunnel invert is constructed, the invert is backfilled and the road surface is built; after the invert is built, the central drainage pipe is laid according to the design requirements, and the prefabricated concrete modules of the transverse drainage ditch are placed; after the prefabricated parts are placed in the appropriate position, the invert is backfilled and the tunnel road surface is built;

[0024]

S3

[0025] According to the tunnel design and construction plan, the secondary lining is built using the secondary lining casting trolley; at the construction joint of the secondary lining, each time a plate of secondary lining is built using the casting trolley, it is staggered with the previous plate of secondary lining in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to form a 40cm annular groove. On both sides of the annular groove, waterproof corrugated steel plate installation structural grooves are opened according to the specific size of the waterproof corrugated steel plate;

[0026]

S4

[0027] A tunnel drainage structure is set up in the annular trench; a hole is opened at the bottom of the annular trench, i.e., the initial support surface, and a drainage pipe is placed to prevent groundwater seepage and collapse; after the drainage pipe is installed, waterproof corrugated steel plates, insulation plates and decorative plates are installed.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0029] 1. The present invention realizes the detachable installation of the annular drainage groove by setting a detachable decorative plate, thermal insulation material and waterproof corrugated steel plate, avoiding the problem that the general annular drainage pipe is not easy to inspect, facilitating the inspection and maintenance of the annular drainage groove and the transverse drainage groove during the operation of the tunnel, and facilitating the removal of various salt crystals in the system, effectively solving the blockage and other diseases of the tunnel drainage system. At the same time, the present invention designs the annular drainage groove to have a detachable structure. Compared with the general annular drainage structure, the present invention facilitates the replacement of tunnel drainage materials, maintains the normal use of the drainage system, reduces the damage of groundwater to the tunnel, greatly prolongs the life of the tunnel, and ensures the normal operation of the tunnel within the designed service life.

[0030] 2. The present invention centrally sets up the tunnel arch wall drainage system, avoiding the construction difficulties of the full-length layout of the traditional tunnel waterproof layer and the difficulty in controlling the tightness of the paving, greatly reducing the construction difficulty, making it easy to meet the watertightness requirements of the drainage system, and ensuring the construction quality of the tunnel drainage system. At the same time, at the construction joints of the secondary lining of the tunnel, by setting annular grooves and centrally setting drainage structures, the weak links of the tunnel waterproof capacity are effectively reduced, the problem of water leakage at the construction joints of the traditional tunnel is avoided, and the overall waterproof capacity of the tunnel is improved.

[0031] 3. The present invention arranges a plurality of drainage holes along the tunnel annular direction, so that maintenance personnel can detect groundwater in various parts of the tunnel during tunnel operation, which is beneficial for understanding the distribution of groundwater around the tunnel and solves the problem that traditional tunnels cannot accurately determine the groundwater conditions in the tunnel.

[0032] 4. Compared with the traditional drainage system construction method, the new drainage structure construction method provided by the present invention centralizes and modularizes the tunnel drainage system, facilitates the assembly construction of the tunnel, reduces the original waterproof layer laying process, improves the construction speed, and speeds up the construction process. At the same time, the detachable modular construction of the tunnel drainage system facilitates the management personnel to uniformly grasp the construction quality and the inspection of the tunnel construction quality in the later stage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is an overall three-dimensional schematic diagram of the mountain tunnel waterproofing and drainage structure of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the drainage structure of a mountain tunnel according to the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the waterproof corrugated steel plate of the mountain tunnel waterproof and drainage structure of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the partial installation of the waterproof corrugated steel plate of the mountain tunnel waterproof and drainage structure of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the partial overlap of the waterproof corrugated steel plates of the mountain tunnel waterproof and drainage structure of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the precast concrete top module of the transverse drainage ditch of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the precast concrete bottom module of the transverse drainage ditch of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 8 This is a construction flow chart of the mountain tunnel drainage structure of the present invention.

[0041] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows: 1-initial support, 2-secondary lining, 3-drainage pipe, 4-annular drainage groove, 5-waterproof corrugated steel plate, 6-insulation material, 7-decorative plate, 8-lateral drainage groove, 9-central drainage pipe, 10-rubber water-blocking material, 11-installation groove, 12-arch backfill and road surface, 13-connecting studs, 14-connecting nuts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] like Figure 1-7 As shown, a mountain tunnel drainage structure that is easy to maintain and replace includes a tunnel main structure, a detachable drainage structure arranged on the tunnel arch wall, and a tunnel bottom drainage structure arranged at the lower end of the tunnel main body. Through the anti-water blocking function of the tunnel main body itself and the set drainage structure, the groundwater in the surrounding rock can be quickly and effectively blocked and drained, and the groundwater pressure in the surrounding rock can be reduced, which not only reduces the anti-water blocking pressure of the tunnel main body, but also can collect excess groundwater. For the collected groundwater, it is discharged from the tunnel range through the tunnel bottom drainage structure to reduce the erosion of the tunnel by groundwater.

[0043] The main structure of the tunnel includes the primary support 1 and the secondary lining 2. The concrete anti-seepage grade of the primary support 1 and the secondary lining 2 is P10 or above. The secondary lining 2 is a discontinuous structure along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel; at the construction joint of the secondary lining 2, a gap of 30 cm is reserved along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to form an annular groove; installation grooves 11 are set on both sides of the annular groove.

[0044] The drainage structure is arranged at the annular groove between the secondary linings 2. The drainage structure includes a plurality of drainage pipes 3 arranged on the primary support 1 along the tunnel annular direction. One end of the drainage pipe 3 is located in the tunnel surrounding rock, and the other end is located in the annular drainage groove 4 on the inner side of the primary support 1. The annular drainage groove 4 is closed by a waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 on the side close to the inside of the tunnel. The waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 and the secondary lining 2 are connected by connecting studs 13 and connecting nuts 14 in the installation groove 11; and rubber water blocking material 10 is used to fill the gap between the waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 and the inner wall of the installation groove 11; the inner side of the waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 is filled with insulation material 6, and a decorative plate 7 flush with the secondary lining 2 is installed on the surface; from the inside to the outside of the tunnel, the order of the components of the drainage structure is decorative plate 7, insulation material 6, waterproof corrugated steel plate 5, annular drainage groove 4, and drainage pipe 3. According to actual use requirements, the insulation material 6 can be selected not to be set.

[0045] The tunnel bottom drainage structure includes a central drainage pipe 9 and a transverse drainage groove 8 located at the lower end of the tunnel body. The transverse drainage groove 8 is formed by the reserved gap between the waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 laid at the bottom of the tunnel and the concrete filled at the bottom of the tunnel. The transverse drainage groove 8 is located at the bottom of the annular groove of the secondary lining 2 of the tunnel. The central drainage pipe 9 and the annular drainage groove 4 are connected by the transverse drainage groove 8.

[0046] The installation of the waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 should ensure the airtightness of the waterproof and drainage structure. The waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 is assembled in sections. The waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 is fixed to the secondary lining 2 by connecting studs 13 and connecting nuts 14 arranged in the installation groove 11. A rubber waterstop plug 10 is arranged between the waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 and the inner wall of the installation groove 11, and a rubber waterstop pad 10 is arranged between the connecting nut 14 and the waterproof corrugated steel plate 5; the overlapping part of the waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 adopts the same structure. A rubber waterstop strip is arranged between the two pieces of waterproof corrugated steel plates 5; by adjusting the connecting nut 14, the rubber waterstop block 10 is deformed by force to fill the gap between the waterproof corrugated steel plates, so as to achieve the sealing between the waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 and the secondary lining 2.

[0047] The thermal insulation material 6 and the decorative panel 7 should be detachable;

[0048] like Figure 8 As shown, a construction method for a mountain tunnel drainage structure that is easy to repair and replace is specifically the following steps:

[0049]

S1

[0050] According to the tunnel design plan, the tunnel surrounding rock is excavated, and according to the tunnel design and construction plan, the initial support is applied on the surrounding rock surface at the appropriate time1.

[0051]

S2

[0052] According to the tunnel design plan, the tunnel invert is constructed, the invert is backfilled, and the road surface is built; after the invert is built, the central drain pipe 9 is laid out according to the design requirements, and the precast concrete modules of the transverse drainage ditch are placed; after the precast parts are placed in the appropriate positions, it should be ensured that the transverse drainage ditch 8 is connected to the central drain pipe 9 and the annular drainage ditch 4, and the invert is backfilled and the tunnel road surface 12 is constructed. It should be noted that the precast concrete module should ensure that a certain transverse slope is retained in the transverse drainage ditch 8, which is generally greater than 2%, to ensure that the water in the transverse drainage ditch 8 has sufficient power to flow to the central drainage ditch 9. At the bottom of the side wall, the precast concrete module should reserve a pit for installing the waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 to ensure smooth drainage and no water leakage between the annular drainage ditch 4 and the transverse drainage ditch, see Figures 6-7 shown.

[0053]

S3

[0054] According to the tunnel design and construction plan, the secondary lining 2 is constructed using the secondary lining casting trolley; at the construction joint of the secondary lining, each time a plate of secondary lining is constructed using the casting trolley, it is staggered with the previous plate of secondary lining in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel by a certain distance to form a 40cm annular groove, and on both sides of the annular groove, installation grooves 11 embedded in the secondary lining 2 should be set on the secondary lining 2. The depth of the installation groove 11 should meet the installation of the waterproof corrugated steel plate 5, the thermal insulation material 6 and the decorative plate 7, and the width of the installation groove 11 should ensure the normal operation of the connecting studs 13 and the connecting nuts 14, and is conducive to the stress of the waterproof corrugated steel plate.

[0055]

S4

[0056] A tunnel drainage structure is set up at the annular groove; at the bottom of the annular groove, i.e., the surface of the initial support 1, holes of Φ10-12 cm are drilled on the initial support 1 along the tunnel annular direction, and the depth of the hole is determined by the length of the drainage pipe. The drilled hole should be able to fit closely with the drainage pipe, and then the drainage pipe 3 is inserted. The role of the drainage pipe 3 is only to ensure that the drainage hole is not blocked, and the groundwater in the surrounding rock can smoothly enter the annular drainage groove 4 inside the initial support 1, so there is no need to seal the gap between the drainage pipe 3 and the initial support 1. The drainage pipe 3 adopts a Φ8-10cm double-walled half-hole corrugated pipe with a length of about 2.5 to 3m.

[0057] Then, the waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 of the arch wall is installed. The waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 is installed in sections from the arch top to both sides. The waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 is fixed to the secondary lining 2 through the connecting studs 13 and connecting nuts 14 set in the installation grooves 11. During installation, first, a hole is punched in the installation grooves 11, and the connecting studs 13 are installed. The connecting studs 13 are installed in the installation grooves 11, and the rubber water stop blocks 10 are installed on the connecting studs 13, and the connecting studs 13 penetrate the rubber water stop blocks 10. The waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 is placed in a suitable position, and the connecting studs 13 pass through the installation holes on the waterproof corrugated steel plate 5. The rubber water stop blocks 10 are set on the connecting studs 13, and the connecting nuts 14 are tightened. By adjusting the connecting nuts 14, the rubber water stop blocks 10 are deformed by force to fill the gap between the waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 and the secondary lining 2 to ensure watertightness. The installation of the waterproof corrugated steel plate is realized.

[0058] For the overlapping parts of the waterproof corrugated steel plate 5, the rubber water stop block 10 is installed on the connecting stud 13, and the connecting stud 13 is made to penetrate the rubber water stop block 10, the waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 located on the side close to the arch top is placed in a suitable position, and the connecting stud 13 is passed through the mounting hole on the waterproof corrugated steel plate 5, and a rubber water stop strip 10 is set on the connecting stud 13 and the connecting stud 13 on the opposite side. Both connecting studs 13 should penetrate the same rubber water stop strip 10, and then the waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 close to the arch wall is installed, and the two pieces of waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 are sealed by the rubber water stop strip, and the rubber water stop block 10 is set on the connecting stud 13, and the connecting nut 14 is adjusted. By adjusting the connecting nut 14, the rubber water stop block 10 is deformed by force to fill the gap between the waterproof corrugated steel plates, so as to achieve the sealing between the waterproof corrugated steel plates 5 and the secondary lining 2.

[0059] After the waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 is installed, a U-shaped buckle is installed on the connecting stud 13 to fix the frame of the insulation board 6 and the decorative board 7. The insulation board is passed through the U-shaped buckle and the frame is installed. Then, the decorative board is fixed to the frame with a tool to complete the installation of the decorative board.

[0060] When in use, groundwater in the surrounding rock enters the annular drainage ditch 4 on the inner side of the initial support 1 through the drainage pipe 3 set on the initial support of the tunnel, and then flows into the central drainage pipe 9 connected to the outside of the tunnel through the transverse drainage groove 8. The central drainage pipe 9 discharges the groundwater out of the tunnel.

[0061] During the operation of the tunnel, when the drainage structure needs to be repaired and replaced, the decorative plate 7 can be removed from the frame by tools, and then the frame, insulation board 6 and U-shaped buckle can be removed in sequence. Then adjust the connecting nut 14, remove the rubber water-stop material 10 and the waterproof corrugated steel plate 5. At this time, the drain pipe 3 is exposed to the outside, so as to achieve the dredging of the drain pipe 3. The horizontal drainage groove 8 at the bottom of the tunnel can be dredged by dredging tools. After the maintenance is completed, the waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 and rubber water-stop material 10 can be replaced and installed to the original position, and then the insulation board 6 and decorative plate 7 can be reinstalled into the structure. At this time, the inspection is completed.

[0062] The drainage structure of the present invention plays the function of actively discharging the groundwater behind the tunnel lining. Through the drainage pipes arranged along the annular direction of the tunnel, the groundwater behind the lining is actively discharged, so that the groundwater basically cannot act on the tunnel lining structure, thereby reducing the requirements for waterproofing of the tunnel lining part and avoiding the application of the traditional waterproof layer; the annular drainage groove 4 can collect the groundwater in the drainage pipe 3 and discharge it into the transverse drainage groove 8; the waterproof corrugated steel plate 5 ensures that the annular drainage groove 4 is impermeable and prevents the groundwater from infiltrating into the tunnel at the annular drainage groove; the thermal insulation material 6 plays the function of filling the groove and heat preservation and prevents the groundwater from freezing in the annular drainage groove due to the influence of climate; the decorative plate 7 is used to decorate the drainage structure to ensure the beauty of the driving environment inside the tunnel.

[0063] The transverse drainage ditch 8 located at the lower end of the tunnel collects the groundwater in the annular drainage ditch 4 into the central drainage pipe 9, and the central drainage pipe 9 is used to discharge the groundwater out of the tunnel.

[0064] Due to the special layout of the drainage pipe 3, the groundwater in the surrounding rock is actively guided to flow to the drainage pipe 3, reducing or even avoiding the effect of groundwater on the initial support 1 and secondary lining 2 of the tunnel. At the same time, the anti-water blocking performance of the lining itself is used as a safety reserve to achieve groundwater prevention and control. The groundwater in the drainage pipe 3 is collected in the annular drainage groove 4, and through the transverse drainage groove 8, it is concentrated in the central drainage pipe 9 connected to the outside of the tunnel, and the groundwater is discharged through the central drainage pipe 9.

[0065] The present invention provides a mountain tunnel drainage structure and construction method that is easy to maintain and replace. The waterproof performance of the tunnel support structure is reasonably utilized, and the drainage system of the tunnel arch wall is centrally set to avoid laying the entire length of the tunnel waterproof layer. This solves the construction problem of difficult control of the tightness when laying the tunnel waterproof board, reduces the construction difficulty, simplifies the construction process, facilitates the control of construction quality, and easily meets the watertightness requirements of the drainage system. At the same time, the use of replaceable waterproof corrugated steel plates facilitates the maintenance personnel to dredge the drainage channel and replace the waterproof material during the operation of the tunnel, thereby solving the problem of blockage of the tunnel drainage system and the service life of the tunnel drainage material failing to reach the designed service life of the tunnel.

[0066] The present invention gives full play to the respective roles, functions and strengths of the initial support and the secondary lining, and performs segmented prevention (blocking) and drainage (drainage), so that the support structure is safe and durable, the construction cost is reduced, the process is simplified, the prevention and drainage are combined, the water blocking is effective, the drainage is smooth, the inspection is convenient, the dredging is easy, the quality is guaranteed, and the application prospect is broad.

Claims

1. A mountain tunnel drainage structure that is easy to repair and replace, characterized in that: It includes a tunnel main structure, a detachable drainage structure arranged on the tunnel arch wall, and a tunnel bottom drainage structure arranged at the lower end of the tunnel main body; The drainage structure comprises a plurality of drainage pipes (3) arranged on the primary support (1), one end of the drainage pipe (3) being located in the tunnel surrounding rock, and the other end being located in the annular drainage groove (4) inside the primary support (1); the inner side of the annular drainage groove (4) is a waterproof corrugated steel plate (5), the waterproof corrugated steel plate (5) and the secondary lining (2) are connected via connecting studs (13) and connecting nuts (14) in the mounting groove (11), and the gap between the inner wall of the mounting groove (11) and the waterproof corrugated steel plate (5) is filled with a rubber water blocking material (10); the inner side of the waterproof corrugated steel plate (5) is filled with a heat-insulating material (6), and a decorative plate (7) flush with the secondary lining (2) is installed on the surface; The tunnel bottom drainage structure comprises a central drainage pipe (9) and a transverse drainage groove (8) located at the lower end of the tunnel body, and the central drainage pipe (9) and the annular drainage groove (4) are connected by the transverse drainage groove (8).

2. According to claim 1, a mountain tunnel drainage structure that is easy to repair and replace, characterized in that: The secondary lining (2) is a discontinuous structure along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel; at the construction joint of the secondary lining (2), a gap of 4 cm is reserved along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to form an annular groove; and installation grooves (11) are arranged on both sides of the annular groove.

3. According to claim 1, a mountain tunnel drainage structure that is easy to repair and replace, characterized in that: The drainage structure is arranged at the annular groove between the secondary linings (2), and the surface of the drainage structure at the inner arch wall of the tunnel is flush with the surface of the secondary lining (2).

4. According to claim 1, a mountain tunnel drainage structure that is easy to repair and replace is characterized in that: The drainage structure comprises, from the inside to the outside of the tunnel, a decorative plate (7), a heat-insulating material (6), a waterproof corrugated steel plate (5), an annular drainage groove (4) and a drainage pipe (3). Groundwater in the surrounding rock enters the annular drainage groove (4) on the inside of the initial support (1) through the drainage pipe (3) arranged on the initial support of the tunnel, and then flows into a central drainage pipe (9) connected to the outside of the tunnel through a transverse drainage groove (8). The central drainage pipe (9) discharges the groundwater to the outside of the tunnel.

5. According to claim 1, a mountain tunnel drainage structure that is easy to repair and replace, characterized in that: The drainage pipe (3) is arranged in the initial support (1) and the surrounding rock at the reserved annular groove of the tunnel secondary lining (2). The drainage pipe (3) adopts a double-walled half-perforated corrugated pipe. When installing the drainage pipe, it only needs to be placed in the drainage hole, and there is no need to fill the gap between the drainage pipe and the initial support.

6. A mountain tunnel drainage structure that is easy to repair and replace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rubber water blocking material (10) is an expansion waterproof rubber strip or a water-expanding rubber block.

7. The waterproof and drainage structure for mountain tunnels that is easy to repair and replace according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The waterproof corrugated steel plate (5) is assembled in sections. The waterproof corrugated steel plate (5) is fixed to the secondary lining (2) by means of connecting studs (13) and connecting nuts (14) arranged in the installation groove (11). A rubber water-stop plug (10) is arranged between the waterproof corrugated steel plate (5) and the inner wall of the installation groove (11). A rubber water-stop pad (10) is arranged between the connecting nut (14) and the waterproof corrugated steel plate (5). The overlapping parts of the waterproof corrugated steel plate (5) adopt the same structure. A rubber water-stop strip is arranged between the two pieces of waterproof corrugated steel plates (5). By adjusting the connecting nut (14), the rubber water-stop block (10) is deformed under stress to fill the gap between the waterproof corrugated steel plates, thereby achieving sealing between the waterproof corrugated steel plate (5) and the secondary lining (2).

8. The waterproof and drainage structure for mountain tunnels that is easy to repair and replace according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The annular drainage groove (4) is formed by an annular closed groove reserved between the waterproof corrugated steel plate (5) and the initial support (1). At the bottom of the tunnel, the annular drainage groove (4) is connected to the transverse drainage groove (8).

9. The waterproof and drainage structure for mountain tunnels that is easy to repair and replace according to claim 1 is characterized in that: At the bottom of the tunnel body, the transverse drainage ditch (8) is composed of a transverse drainage ditch prefabricated concrete module, which is divided into two parts, one part is a bottom module, and the other part is a top module with a groove.

10. The construction method of a mountain tunnel waterproofing and drainage structure that is easy to repair and replace according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 【S1】Tunnel excavation and initial support construction According to the tunnel design plan, the tunnel surrounding rock is excavated, and initial support is applied on the surrounding rock surface according to the tunnel design and construction plan; 【S2】Construction of tunnel pavement and bottom drainage structure According to the tunnel design plan, construct the tunnel invert, backfill the invert and build the road surface; After the invert is built, the central drainage pipe is laid out according to the design requirements, and the prefabricated concrete modules of the transverse drainage ditch are placed; after the prefabricated parts are placed in the appropriate positions, the invert is backfilled and the tunnel pavement is constructed; 【S3】Tunnel secondary lining construction According to the tunnel design and construction plan, the secondary lining is constructed using the secondary lining casting trolley; at the construction joint of the secondary lining, each time a plate of secondary lining is constructed using the casting trolley, it is staggered with the previous plate of secondary lining in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to form an annular groove, and on both sides of the annular groove, according to the specific size of the waterproof corrugated steel plate, a waterproof corrugated steel plate installation structure groove is opened; 【S4】Construction of drainage structure for tunnel arch wall A tunnel drainage structure is set up in the annular trench; a hole is opened at the bottom of the annular trench, i.e., the initial support surface, and a drainage pipe is placed to prevent groundwater seepage and collapse; after the drainage pipe is installed, waterproof corrugated steel plates, insulation plates and decorative plates are installed.

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