Soil body settlement reinforcement method with high soil body ecological diversity recovery speed

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil settlement monitoring and reinforcing device and method during deep well reverse tunneling construction. A soil settlement monitoring and reinforcing device during deep well reverse tunneling construction comprises a plurality of settlement monitors, a first industrial personal computer, a second industrial personal computer, an electric control type moving vehicle and an electric control type mechanical drill arm, the mechanical drill arm is installed on the moving vehicle, the settlement monitors are electrically connected with the first industrial personal computer, and the second industrial personal computer is electrically connected with the second industrial personal computer. The first industrial personal computer is installed on the mobile vehicle, the second industrial personal computer is installed on the mobile vehicle, a motor and a mechanical drilling arm on the mobile vehicle are electrically connected with the second industrial personal computer, a storage battery is stored on the mobile vehicle and electrically connected with the second industrial personal computer, and wireless communication modules are arranged on the first industrial personal computer and the second industrial personal computer.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application with the application date of July 8, 2022, application number "2022108061510", and the invention name "Soil settlement monitoring and reinforcement device and reinforcement method during deep well reverse tunneling construction". Technical Field

[0002] The invention relates to the field of tunnel excavation, and in particular to a soil settlement monitoring and reinforcement device and a reinforcement method during deep well reverse tunneling construction. Background Art

[0003] Patent publication CN113982591B discloses a large-diameter deep vertical shaft reverse excavation construction method. The construction method disclosed in the document is more suitable for all-hard rock terrain, because the all-hard rock terrain is a complete rock. Although the excavation rotor will cause greater wear during excavation, the excavated shaft will not have the risk of collapse.

[0004] However, when most tunnels are excavating deep shafts now, the strata above are not completely hard rock strata. Therefore, if there is a stratum with a high sand and gravel content above the tunnel (i.e., the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer recorded in paragraph 0015 of the specification, and the sand and gravel content is greater than the soil content, such as the sand and gravel content is as high as 70% or more), the shaft and tunnel may collapse during the excavation process. This is because the stratum with a high sand and gravel content has weaker internal adhesion, and it constantly hits the ground during the excavation of the deep shaft, so the shaft collapse is very likely to occur during the excavation process. This process can be seen in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown in the Figure 1 The direction indicated by the middle arrow is the flow direction of sand and gravel. Once the sand and gravel in the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer flows into the shaft, landslides are likely to occur, causing the entire shaft to be blocked. When the sand and gravel in the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer begins to flow continuously into the shaft, a very obvious phenomenon is continuous ground subsidence above the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a soil settlement monitoring and reinforcement device during deep well reverse excavation construction.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A soil settlement monitoring and reinforcement device during deep well reverse tunneling construction, comprising a plurality of settlement monitors, a first industrial computer, a second industrial computer, an electrically controlled mobile vehicle and an electrically controlled mechanical drill arm, wherein the mechanical drill arm is mounted on the mobile vehicle, the settlement monitor is electrically connected to the first industrial computer, the second industrial computer is mounted on the mobile vehicle, the motor on the mobile vehicle and the mechanical drill arm are electrically connected to the second industrial computer, the mobile vehicle stores a battery, the battery is electrically connected to the second industrial computer, and the first industrial computer and the second industrial computer are both provided with wireless communication modules.

[0008] Specifically, the motor installed on the device for driving its own movement, as well as the motors on the mechanical drill arm (including electric devices such as electric cylinders and electric telescopic rods when there are such devices) are electrically connected to the second industrial computer, and wireless communication can be carried out between the first industrial computer and the second industrial computer.

[0009] In this device, there are many options for the settlement monitor, as long as it can monitor the settlement of the soil. As a preferred method, a static level is used in this device to measure the settlement of the soil, and then the measured settlement data is transmitted to the first industrial computer.

[0010] In this device, the second industrial computer, the mobile vehicle, the battery and the mechanical drill arm form a movable electric mobile drilling robot. The second industrial computer is the control center of the entire electric mobile drilling robot. Since the first industrial computer and the second industrial computer both have their own wireless communication modules, wireless communication can be carried out between the first industrial computer and the second industrial computer. Therefore, the second industrial computer, the mobile vehicle and the battery form a remote-controlled electric mobile robot, which can be operated through communication between the first industrial computer and the second industrial computer.

[0011] The specific method of this device is as follows: first, a settlement monitor is placed above the tunnel, and the settlement monitors are distributed around the shaft. There are multiple settlement monitors. The settlement monitor transmits the measured data to the first industrial computer. The first industrial computer analyzes and calculates the data through a built-in computer program to determine whether settlement has occurred at a certain point. When the settlement monitor measures that settlement has occurred at a certain point, it is necessary to use this electric mobile drilling robot to perform drilling operations near the settlement point. After the drilling is completed, ice cubes of -50℃ to -18℃ are stuffed into the hole, and then low-temperature water of 0℃ to 4℃ is poured near the surface. The soil around the settlement point is completely frozen together by the effect of water + ice, so that the soil at this location loses fluidity, thereby avoiding the collapse and blockage of the shaft.

[0012] To sum up, this device can monitor the soil settlement during the operation of the reverse tunneling device shown in CN113982591B. When the soil settles, the device can promptly reinforce the soil at the collapsed location. After the reinforcement is completed, the soil collapse can be avoided and further settlement of the soil can be prevented.

[0013] It should be noted that when the settlement monitor measures settlement at a certain location, the reverse excavation device needs to immediately stop the reverse excavation operation, and the electric mobile drilling robot will carry out the drilling operation. Only after the freezing reinforcement is completed can the reverse excavation operation be further carried out.

[0014] Optionally, the mechanical drill arm includes a mechanical arm and a drill bit, the mechanical arm is installed on a mobile vehicle, and the drill bit is installed on the mechanical arm.

[0015] The specific drill bit is detachably mounted on the mechanical arm, which makes it easy to replace drill bits of different specifications and strengths under different terrains, thus better adapting to excavation work.

[0016] Optionally, a crushing part is provided at one end of the drill bit, the crushing part is hemispherical, and a notch groove is provided on the crushing part.

[0017] A crushing part is set at one end of the drill bit. This design is to ensure that the drill bit has a certain crushing ability for some hard rocks and ensure that the drill bit can excavate in hard rock formations.

[0018] A reinforcement method suitable for monitoring the reinforcement device as described above, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0019] The settlement point confirmation step is to use a settlement monitor to detect the settlement point;

[0020] Soil humidification step, pouring water into the soil near the settlement point;

[0021] Pouring water near the settlement point is used to increase the adhesion of sand and soil in the stratum so that the mechanical drill arm can dig a formed hole during drilling. If the sand and soil in the stratum are too dry, it is very easy to collapse during excavation and it is impossible to dig a formed hole. Secondly, it is used to use water to lubricate the mechanical drill arm.

[0022] The drilling step is to use a mechanical drill arm to dig ice injection holes on the ground surface, and there are multiple ice injection holes, which are distributed around the settlement points, and ensure that there is no water accumulation in the ice injection holes;

[0023] There can be water accumulation at the bottom of the ice injection hole, but there can be water droplets on the wall of the ice injection hole. The reason why there is no water accumulation at the bottom of the ice injection hole is to ensure that the ice cubes will not freeze the water below when they are put into the ice injection hole, resulting in the inability to put enough low-temperature ice cubes into the ice injection hole, making the temperature of the cold source at the bottom of the hole not low enough, and the freezing strength of the frozen layer near the bottom of the ice injection hole cannot be guaranteed;

[0024] The freezing step is to put ice cubes in the ice injection hole. The temperature of the ice cubes is lower than minus 18°C, and ensure that the ice injection hole is full of ice cubes. Then pour water near the surface, and the water temperature is 0°C to 4°C. The water and ice work together to freeze the soil around the settlement point.

[0025] Use ice cubes with a temperature below minus 18℃, and after placing the ice cubes, immediately pour water with a temperature of 0℃ to 4℃ onto the ground. The water will gradually freeze as it seeps downward from top to bottom, thus forming a frozen zone in the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer, and even freezing the entire sand, gravel and soil mixed layer. The existence of the frozen area can effectively prevent sand and soil from surging into the shaft during the reverse excavation construction, thereby causing landslides.

[0026] Optionally, when there is only one settlement point, the depth of all ice injection holes is not greater than the thickness of the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer.

[0027] When there is only one settlement point, it means that the stability of only one stratum is not good enough. It is only necessary to freeze the soil at this point to ensure that the soil will not collapse.

[0028] Optionally, when there are more than two settlement points and the two settlement points are not adjacent, the depth of some ice injection holes is greater than the thickness of the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer, the ice injection holes are distributed in a circular ring around the drill rod, and there are no less than two circles of ice injection holes distributed in a circular arc shape, and all settlement points are located between the two circles of ice injection holes.

[0029] When there are multiple settlement points, and there are two (or more) settlement points that are not adjacent, it means that the structure of the entire sand, gravel and soil mixed layer is a very unstable structure, and the entire area for reverse desperate construction needs to be reinforced. If the entire area is not reinforced, the entire shaft may be blocked and damaged by the collapsed sand and gravel. Therefore, it is necessary to open multiple ice injection holes, which are distributed in a circle with the drill rod as the center, and ensure that there are at least two circles of ice injection holes distributed in a circle in the entire soil body, and all settlement points are located between the two circles of ice injection holes distributed in a circle. In this way, after watering, it is equivalent to forming a freezing cylinder around the drill rod. The freezing cylinder can play a good role in retaining soil and sand and avoiding collapse. At the same time, since the depth of some ice injection holes is greater than the thickness of the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer, some ice blocks are embedded in the hard rock formation, so that the final frozen freezing cylinder is frozen together with the hard rock formation, and the anti-displacement capacity of the entire freezing cylinder is greatly improved, and it will basically not move during the entire support process.

[0030] Optionally, the depth of the ice injection hole is not greater than the sum of the thickness of the hard rock formation and the thickness of the mixed layer of sand, gravel and soil, and the ice injection hole is a cylindrical ice injection hole.

[0031] Optionally, all ice injection holes are parallel to the drill pipe.

[0032] The ice injection hole is parallel to the drill rod, and the ice injection hole is a cylindrical ice injection hole. The ice injection hole with such a structure can ensure good stability and is convenient for excavation construction.

[0033] Optionally, the ice cubes are block-shaped ice cubes or cylindrical ice cubes, and the temperature of the ice cubes at the bottom of the ice injection hole is lower than the temperature of the ice cubes at the opening of the ice injection hole.

[0034] The temperature of the ice at the bottom of the ice injection hole is lower than that of the ice at the mouth of the ice injection hole. The ice acts as a cold source. In this method, the deeper the cold source is, the lower the temperature is. In this way, after the frozen block is formed when the water flows from top to bottom, the freezing strength of the area below the frozen block is higher. Because the weight that the frozen block needs to bear is greater, the freezing strength of the area below is higher, which can ensure that the entire frozen block has a higher strength and is not easy to break. Similarly, because the ecological diversity of the soil is mainly maintained by the animals, plants and microorganisms near the surface, the freezing temperature at the surface is relatively low, which can reduce the damage to microorganisms and animals and plants to a certain extent, and facilitate the rapid recovery of ecological diversity after the freezing construction is completed.

[0035] Optionally, after the soil around the settlement point is frozen, a layer of insulation material is laid above the surface.

[0036] The specific heat-insulating material can be a polyurethane mat with an aluminum film coated on the surface. This polyurethane mat with an aluminum film coated on the surface has a good heat-insulating effect, thereby achieving a heat-insulating effect on the frozen area below, ensuring that the entire frozen area can maintain freezing for a longer time.

[0037] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the soil settlement during the operation of the reverse tunneling device can be monitored. When the soil settles, the device can promptly reinforce the soil at the collapsed location. After the reinforcement is completed, the soil collapse can be avoided and further settlement of the soil can be avoided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of landslide.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the communication relationship between the settlement monitor, the first industrial computer and the second industrial computer.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric mobile drilling robot.

[0041] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 The enlarged schematic diagram of point A in the middle,

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the position relationship between the settlement monitor and the drill pipe.

[0043] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the position of the ice injection hole in Example 2,

[0044] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the positions of the ice injection holes in Example 3.

[0045] The reference numerals in the figure are: 1, settlement monitor; 2, first industrial computer; 3, second industrial computer; 4, mobile vehicle; 5, mechanical arm; 6, drill; 601, crushing part; 602, notch groove DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] See attached Figure 2 , Attachment Figure 3 And attached Figure 4As shown, a soil settlement monitoring and reinforcement device during deep well reverse tunneling construction includes several settlement monitors 1, a first industrial computer 2, a second industrial computer 3, an electrically controlled mobile vehicle 4 and an electrically controlled mechanical drill arm. The mechanical drill arm is installed on the mobile vehicle 4, the settlement monitor 1 is electrically connected to the first industrial computer, the second industrial computer is installed on the mobile vehicle 4, the motor on the mobile vehicle 4 and the mechanical drill arm are electrically connected to the second industrial computer 3, the mobile vehicle 4 stores batteries, the batteries (not shown in the drawings, integrated with the second industrial computer) are electrically connected to the second industrial computer 3, and the first industrial computer 2 and the second industrial computer 3 are both provided with wireless communication modules.

[0049] Specifically, the motor installed on the device for driving its own movement, as well as the motors on the mechanical drill arm (including electric devices such as electric cylinders and electric telescopic rods when there are such devices) are electrically connected to the second industrial computer 3, and wireless communication can be carried out between the first industrial computer 2 (powered by an external power supply or its own battery) and the second industrial computer 3.

[0050] In this device, there are multiple options for the settlement monitor 1, as long as it can monitor the soil settlement. As a preferred method, a static level is used in this device to measure the soil settlement, and then the measured settlement data is transmitted to the first industrial computer 2.

[0051] In this device, the second industrial computer 3, the mobile vehicle 4, the battery and the mechanical drill arm form a movable electric mobile drilling robot. The second industrial computer 3 is the control center of the entire electric mobile drilling robot. Since the first industrial computer 2 and the second industrial computer 3 both have their own wireless communication modules, wireless communication can be carried out between the first industrial computer 2 and the second industrial computer 3. Therefore, the second industrial computer 3, the mobile vehicle 4 and the battery form a remote-controlled electric mobile robot, which can be operated through the communication between the first industrial computer 2 and the second industrial computer 3.

[0052] The specific method of the device is as follows: first, a settlement monitor 1 is placed above the tunnel, and the settlement monitors 1 are distributed around the shaft. There are multiple settlement monitors 1. The settlement monitor 1 transmits the measured data to the first industrial computer 2. The first industrial computer 2 analyzes and calculates the data through a built-in computer program to determine whether settlement has occurred at a certain point. When the settlement monitor 1 measures that settlement has occurred at a certain point, it is necessary to use this electric mobile drilling robot to perform drilling operations near the settlement point. After the drilling is completed, ice cubes of -50℃ to -18℃ are stuffed into the hole, and then low-temperature water of 0℃ to 4℃ is poured near the surface. The soil around the settlement point is completely frozen together by the effect of water + ice, so that the soil at this location loses fluidity, thereby avoiding the collapse and blockage of the shaft.

[0053] In summary, this device can monitor the soil settlement during the operation of the reverse tunneling device shown in CN113982591B. When the soil settles, the device can promptly reinforce the soil at the collapsed location. After the reinforcement is completed, the soil collapse can be avoided and further settlement of the soil can be prevented.

[0054] It should be noted that when the settlement monitor 1 detects settlement at a certain location, the reverse excavation device needs to immediately stop the reverse excavation operation, and the electric mobile drilling robot will perform the drilling operation. Only after the freezing reinforcement is completed can the reverse excavation operation be further carried out.

[0055] The mechanical drill arm comprises a mechanical arm 5 and a drill bit 6 . The mechanical arm 5 is mounted on the mobile vehicle 4 , and the drill bit 6 is mounted on the mechanical arm 5 .

[0056] Specifically, the drill bit 6 is detachably mounted on the mechanical arm 5, so that the drill bit 6 of different specifications and strengths can be replaced under different terrains, which can better adapt to the excavation work.

[0057] A crushing portion 601 is provided at one end of the drill bit 6 . The crushing portion 601 is hemispherical and has a notch groove 602 .

[0058] A crushing part 601 is provided at one end of the drill bit 6. This design is to ensure that the drill bit 6 has a certain crushing ability for some hard rocks and ensure that the drill bit 6 can dig in the hard rock formation.

[0059] It should be noted that when the device provided in this embodiment measures soil settlement, the arrangement of each settlement monitoring instrument 1 is as shown in the attached figure. Figure 5 As shown, multiple settlement monitors 1 are distributed in a circle around the drill pipe, and the settlement monitors form at least two concentric circles, and the diameter of the communication circle is larger than the diameter of the drill bit (that is, it must be ensured that the drill bit is located within the communication circle formed by the settlement monitors).

[0060] Example 2

[0061] This embodiment provides a reinforcement method. When the settlement monitor in the device provided in Embodiment 1 (the distribution of the settlement monitor is as shown in the attached Figure 5 When settlement is detected at only one point (as shown in the figure), the method provided in this embodiment can be used for reinforcement.

[0062] S1, settlement point confirmation step, using a settlement monitor to detect the settlement point;

[0063] S2, soil humidification step, pouring water to the soil near the settlement point, at which the water temperature is 10℃~15℃;

[0064] Pouring water near the settlement point is used to increase the adhesion of sand and soil in the stratum so that the mechanical drill arm can dig a formed hole during drilling. If the sand and soil in the stratum are too dry, it is very easy to collapse during excavation and it is impossible to dig a formed hole. Secondly, it is used to use water to lubricate the mechanical drill arm.

[0065] S3, a drilling step, using the electric mobile drilling robot provided in Example 1 to dig ice injection holes on the ground surface by remote control through the first industrial computer, and there is only one ice injection hole (the specific number of ice injection holes can be adjusted according to the settlement degree observed by the on-site construction personnel. If the settlement is small, only one ice injection hole is needed. If the settlement is large, the number of ice injection holes can be appropriately increased). The ice injection holes are distributed around the settlement points, but the ice injection holes are not located above the well, and then the accumulated water in the ice injection holes is pumped out;

[0066] There can be water accumulation at the bottom of the ice injection hole, but there can be water droplets on the wall of the ice injection hole. The reason why there is no water accumulation at the bottom of the ice injection hole is to ensure that the ice cubes will not freeze the water below when they are put into the ice injection hole, resulting in the inability to put enough low-temperature ice cubes into the ice injection hole, making the temperature of the cold source at the bottom of the hole not low enough, and the freezing strength of the frozen layer near the bottom of the ice injection hole cannot be guaranteed;

[0067] S5, freezing step, putting ice cubes into the ice injection hole, first pour in ice cubes with a temperature below minus 30℃, then pour in ice cubes with a temperature of -30℃ to -25℃, and finally pour in ice cubes with a temperature of -25℃ to 18℃, and ensure that the ice injection hole is full of ice cubes, and then pour water near the surface. The water seeps downward and around through the gaps in the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer, and the water temperature is 0℃ to 4℃. Under the combined action of water and ice, a frozen column is formed around the ice injection hole. The formation of the frozen column can prevent the flow of sand, gravel or soil at this location, thereby improving the stability of the location and avoiding the occurrence of landslides.

[0068] In this embodiment, ice cubes with a temperature below minus 18°C ​​are used, and after the ice cubes are placed, water with a temperature of 0°C to 4°C is immediately poured onto the ground. The water will gradually freeze in the process of seeping downward from top to bottom, thus forming a frozen zone in the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer and even freezing the entire sand, gravel and soil mixed layer (when the temperature of the ice cubes is low enough, such as below minus 70°C). The existence of the frozen zone can effectively prevent sand and soil from surging into the shaft during the reverse excavation construction process, thereby causing landslides.

[0069] Because when there is only one settlement point, it means that there is only one place where the ground stability is not good enough. It is only necessary to freeze the soil at that point to ensure that the soil will not collapse.

[0070] In this embodiment, the depth of the ice injection holes is not greater than the thickness of the sand-gravel-soil mixed layer, and the ice injection holes are parallel to the drill rod.

[0071] In this embodiment, the temperature of the ice at the bottom of the ice injection hole is lower than the temperature of the ice at the mouth of the ice injection hole. The ice acts as a cold source. In this method, the deeper the cold source is, the lower the temperature is. In this way, after the frozen column formed when water flows from top to bottom, the freezing strength of the area below the frozen column is higher. Because the weight that the frozen block needs to bear is greater, the freezing strength of the area below is higher, which can ensure that the entire frozen block has a higher strength and is not easy to break. Similarly, because the ecological diversity of the soil is mainly maintained by animals, plants and microorganisms near the surface, the freezing temperature at the surface is relatively low, which can reduce the damage to microorganisms and animals and plants to a certain extent, and facilitate the rapid recovery of ecological diversity after the freezing construction is completed.

[0072] After the soil around the settlement point is frozen, a layer of insulation material is laid above the surface.

[0073] The specific heat-insulating material can be a polyurethane mat with an aluminum film coated on the surface. This polyurethane mat with an aluminum film coated on the surface has a good heat-insulating effect, thereby achieving a heat-insulating effect on the frozen area below, ensuring that the entire frozen area can maintain freezing for a longer time.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] This embodiment provides a reinforcement method. When the settlement monitor in the device provided in Embodiment 1 (the distribution of the settlement monitor is as shown in the attached Figure 5 When settlement is detected at no less than two points (as shown in the figure) (the two points where settlement occurs may be adjacent or not), reinforcement may be performed using the method provided in this embodiment.

[0076] S1, settlement point confirmation step, using a settlement monitor to detect the settlement point;

[0077] S2, soil humidification step, pouring water into the soil near the settlement point;

[0078] Pouring water near the settlement point is used to increase the adhesion of sand and soil in the stratum so that the mechanical drill arm can dig a formed hole during drilling. If the sand and soil in the stratum are too dry, it is very easy to collapse during excavation and it is impossible to dig a formed hole. Secondly, it is used to use water to lubricate the mechanical drill arm.

[0079] S3, a drilling step, using the electric mobile drilling robot provided in Example 1 to dig ice injection holes on the surface by remote control through the first industrial computer, wherein there are multiple ice injection holes, and the bottoms of some of the ice injection holes are located in the hard rock formation, the ice injection holes are arranged in a circular ring shape with the drill rod as a circle, there are two circles of ice injection holes arranged in a circular ring shape, the settlement point is located between the two circles of ice injection holes, and the ice injection holes with the bottoms in the hard rock formation are located on the outer circle ring, and after the ice injection holes are excavated, the accumulated water in the ice injection holes is pumped out;

[0080] There can be water accumulation at the bottom of the ice injection hole, but there can be water droplets on the wall of the ice injection hole. The reason why there is no water accumulation at the bottom of the ice injection hole is to ensure that the ice cubes will not freeze the water below when they are put into the ice injection hole, resulting in the inability to put enough low-temperature ice cubes into the ice injection hole, making the temperature of the cold source at the bottom of the hole not low enough, and the freezing strength of the frozen layer near the bottom of the ice injection hole cannot be guaranteed;

[0081] S4, freezing step, putting ice cubes into the ice injection hole, first pour in ice cubes with a temperature below minus 30°C, and then pour in block ice cubes with a temperature of -30°C to -18°C, and ensure that the ice injection hole is full of ice cubes, and then pour water near the surface, and then pour water near the surface, and the water temperature is 0°C to 4°C, the water and ice work together to freeze the soil around the settlement point.

[0082] Use ice cubes with a temperature below minus 18℃, and after placing the ice cubes, immediately pour water with a temperature of 0℃ to 4℃ onto the ground. The water will gradually freeze as it seeps downward from top to bottom, thus forming a frozen zone in the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer, and even freezing the entire sand, gravel and soil mixed layer. The existence of the frozen area can effectively prevent sand and soil from surging into the shaft during the reverse excavation construction, thereby causing landslides.

[0083] In this embodiment, when there are two (or more) settlement points that are not adjacent, it means that the structure of the entire sand, gravel and soil mixed layer is a very unstable structure, and the entire area where the reverse excavation construction is carried out needs to be reinforced. If the entire area is not reinforced, the entire shaft may be blocked and damaged by the collapsed sand and gravel. Therefore, it is necessary to open a plurality of ice injection holes, which are distributed in a circle with the drill rod as the center, and ensure that there are at least two circles of ice injection holes distributed in a circle in the entire soil body, and all settlement points are located between the two circles of ice injection holes distributed in a circle. In this way, after watering, it is equivalent to forming a freezing cylinder around the drill rod. The freezing cylinder can play a good role in retaining soil and sand and avoiding collapse. At the same time, since the depth of some ice injection holes is greater than the thickness of the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer, some ice blocks are embedded in the hard rock stratum, so that the freezing cylinder finally frozen is frozen together with the hard rock stratum, and the anti-displacement capacity of the entire freezing cylinder is greatly improved, and it will basically not move during the entire support process.

[0084] In the reinforcement method provided in this embodiment, part of the sand and soil in the freezing cylinder becomes smoother due to the freezing effect of ice water. Therefore, when the drill bit excavates this part of the soil in a frozen state, the ice cubes have a certain lubricating effect on the drill bit, which can reduce the wear of the drill bit during the grinding process.

[0085] All ice injection holes are parallel to the drill pipe.

[0086] The ice injection hole is parallel to the drill rod, and the ice injection hole is a cylindrical ice injection hole. The ice injection hole with such a structure can ensure good stability and is convenient for excavation construction.

[0087] The temperature of ice at the bottom of the ice injection hole is lower than the temperature of ice at the hole mouth of the ice injection hole, and the temperature of ice gradually decreases from the bottom of the ice injection hole to the top.

[0088] The temperature of the ice at the bottom of the ice injection hole is lower than that of the ice at the mouth of the ice injection hole. The ice acts as a cold source. In this method, the deeper the cold source is, the lower the temperature is. In this way, after the frozen block is formed when the water flows from top to bottom, the freezing strength of the area below the frozen block is higher. Because the weight that the frozen block needs to bear is greater, the freezing strength of the area below is higher, which can ensure that the entire frozen block has a higher strength and is not easy to break. Similarly, because the ecological diversity of the soil is mainly maintained by the animals, plants and microorganisms near the surface, the freezing temperature at the surface is relatively low, which can reduce the damage to microorganisms and animals and plants to a certain extent, and facilitate the rapid recovery of ecological diversity after the freezing construction is completed.

[0089] After the soil around the settlement point is frozen, a layer of insulation material is laid above the surface.

[0090] The specific insulation material can be a polyurethane mat with an aluminum film on the surface. This polyurethane mat with an aluminum film on the surface has a good insulation effect, thereby achieving an insulation effect on the frozen area below, ensuring that the entire frozen area can maintain freezing for a long time, which is convenient for the next step of operation in the shaft (such as using reinforced concrete pouring to reinforce the shaft located in the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer).

[0091] Example 4

[0092] The reinforcement method provided in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 3, the difference lies in that, while block-shaped ice cubes are used in Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 3, cylindrical ice cubes are used in this embodiment, wherein the temperature of the columnar ice cubes at the bottom of the hole is the lowest, and the temperature of the injected ice cubes at the hole mouth is the highest, and the temperature range of the columnar ice cubes is -32°C to -18°C.

[0093] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent transformations made using the specification of the present invention, directly or indirectly used in other related technical fields, are also included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil settlement reinforcement method with a fast soil ecological diversity recovery speed, characterized in that: The steps include: The settlement point confirmation step is to use a settlement monitoring instrument to detect the settlement point; Soil humidification step, pouring water into the soil near the settlement point; The drilling step is to use a mechanical drill arm to dig ice injection holes on the ground surface, and there are multiple ice injection holes, which are distributed around the settlement points, and ensure that there is no water accumulation in the ice injection holes; Freezing step: ice cubes are placed in the ice injection hole, the temperature of the ice cubes is lower than minus 18 degrees Celsius, and the ice injection hole is filled with ice cubes. Then water is poured near the surface, and the temperature of the water is 0 degrees Celsius to 4 degrees Celsius. The water and ice work together to freeze the soil around the settlement point. The soil settlement monitoring and reinforcement device during deep well reverse excavation construction includes several settlement monitors, a first industrial computer, a second industrial computer, an electrically controlled mobile vehicle and an electrically controlled mechanical drill arm, wherein the mechanical drill arm is installed on the mobile vehicle, the settlement monitor is electrically connected to the first industrial computer, the second industrial computer is installed on the mobile vehicle, the motor on the mobile vehicle and the mechanical drill arm are both electrically connected to the second industrial computer, the mobile vehicle stores a battery, the battery is electrically connected to the second industrial computer, and the first industrial computer and the second industrial computer are both provided with a wireless communication module; The mechanical drill arm comprises a mechanical arm and a drill bit, wherein the mechanical arm is mounted on a mobile vehicle, and the drill bit is mounted on the mechanical arm; A crushing part is provided at one end of the drill bit, the crushing part is hemispherical, and a notch groove is provided on the crushing part; The temperature of ice at the bottom of the ice injection hole is lower than the temperature of ice at the mouth of the ice injection hole; After the freezing column is formed when water flows from top to bottom, the freezing intensity of the area below the freezing column is higher; the temperature of the ice is -50℃~-18℃.

2. The soil settlement reinforcement method with fast soil ecological diversity recovery speed as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: When there is only one settlement point, the depth of all ice injection holes shall not be greater than the thickness of the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer.

3. The soil settlement reinforcement method with fast soil ecological diversity recovery speed as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: When there are more than two settlement points and the two settlement points are not adjacent, the depth of some ice injection holes is greater than the thickness of the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer, the ice injection holes are distributed in a circular ring around the drill rod, and there are no less than two circles of ice injection holes distributed in a circular arc, and all settlement points are located between the two circles of ice injection holes.

4. The soil settlement reinforcement method with fast soil ecological diversity recovery speed as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: The depth of the ice injection hole is not greater than the sum of the thickness of the hard rock formation and the thickness of the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer, and the ice injection hole is a cylindrical ice injection hole.

5. The soil settlement reinforcement method with fast soil ecological diversity recovery speed as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: All ice injection holes are parallel to the drill pipe.

6. The soil settlement reinforcement method with fast soil ecological diversity recovery speed as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: After the soil around the settlement point is frozen, a layer of insulation material is laid above the surface.

Images