Passive wireless type anchor cable prestress monitoring system and slope monitoring method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a passive wireless type anchor cable prestress monitoring system and a slope monitoring method thereof. The system comprises an anchor cable prestress sensor, an acquisition device, a wireless transmission device and a power supply device. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining an initial prestress F of the anchor cable and an internal force increment AF of the anchor cable; calculating an internal force increment ratio k of the anchor cable, i.e. k = AF / F; establishing a calculation model K(x) = Ae Bx of the anchor cable prestress x and the internal force increment ratio k of the anchor cable, wherein x is a value of the anchor cable prestress, and A and B are constants; setting a slope stability threshold k1 and k2, wherein k1 is a first level warning point, when 0 < k < k1, the slope starts to enter an unstable state, and k2 is a second level warning point, when k1 < k < k2, the slope starts to enter a dangerous state from the unstable state. The application can establish a high real-time, low maintenance cost, comprehensive slope stability monitoring and flexible slope warning mechanism, and provides an advanced and feasible solution for anchor cable prestress monitoring and slope monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope monitoring technology, and in particular to a passive wireless anchor cable prestressed monitoring system and its slope monitoring method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of civil engineering, anchor cable prestressing monitoring systems are a key technology, especially widely used in large structures, bridges, tunnels, and other construction projects. Anchor cable prestressing is a method of enhancing the stability and load-bearing capacity of a structure by pre-applying tension. To ensure the long-term stability of the anchor cable prestressing state and to monitor potential problems in a timely manner, passive wireless anchor cable prestressing monitoring systems have emerged.

[0003] Traditional anchor cable prestressing monitoring systems typically employ wired connections, limiting their application in complex engineering sites. Wired systems are not only difficult to deploy but also susceptible to interference from the external environment and construction activities, leading to inaccurate monitoring data. Active sensor systems usually require an external power supply, increasing energy consumption and maintenance costs. Furthermore, the introduction of cables adds to the complexity of construction. Currently, there is a growing demand for real-time monitoring of structural health and remote data transmission, requirements that traditional monitoring systems often lack due to their lack of real-time and remote monitoring capabilities.

[0004] Prestressed anchor cables, as an active reinforcement technology, play a crucial role in improving slope stability. For slopes reinforced with anchor cables, the stress state within the soil and rock mass improves, slope deformation is restricted, and the slope safety factor is increased. However, anchoring engineering for highway slopes is not a permanent guarantee. With changes in external loads and internal structures of the slope's soil and rock mass, the slope still faces the potential risk of instability and failure. Slope safety early warning primarily involves exploring the corresponding changes in mechanical parameters at characteristic points on the slope and slope state parameters to determine the critical thresholds for different safe and stable states. Based on the degree of slope instability and failure, early warning criteria for different levels of slope stability are derived. However, for high-safety-level slopes or "composite slopes" with insufficient inherent safety reserves requiring support structures, relying solely on slope deformation for early warning of slope safety and stability is insufficient. This is mainly because slope deformation's response to slope safety is somewhat "slow." Once slope deformation occurs, it indicates that the slope slip surface has developed to a certain extent, which is unacceptable for high-safety-level slopes. Therefore, without the establishment of early warning indicators for slope safety and stability, it is currently impossible to provide higher-level early warnings for slope safety and stability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a passive wireless anchor cable prestressing monitoring system and its slope monitoring method, which can establish a high real-time performance, low maintenance cost, comprehensive slope stability monitoring and flexible slope early warning mechanism, providing an advanced and feasible solution for anchor cable prestressing monitoring and slope monitoring.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a passive wireless anchor cable prestress monitoring system, comprising:

[0007] An anchor cable prestress sensor is installed on the anchor cable to measure the initial prestress and the increment of internal force in the anchor cable.

[0008] The data acquisition device is connected to the anchor cable prestress sensor and collects the initial prestress and internal force increment of the anchor cable measured by the anchor cable prestress sensor.

[0009] The wireless transmission device remotely transmits the initial prestress and the incremental internal force of the anchor cable to the host computer for monitoring and analysis.

[0010] The early warning device monitors the initial prestress and internal force increment of the anchor cable in real time. If the initial prestress and / or internal force increment of the anchor cable exceeds the safety threshold, an alarm is issued.

[0011] The management device receives the initial prestress of the anchor cable and the increment of the internal force of the anchor cable, and stores, processes and analyzes them;

[0012] The power supply device provides power to the anchor cable prestress sensor, the data acquisition device, the wireless transmission device, the early warning device, and the management device.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a first possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein,

[0014] The early warning device includes a data receiving module, a data processing module, an alarm triggering module, and an alarm output module;

[0015] The data receiving module receives the initial prestress of the anchor cable and the increment of the internal force of the anchor cable;

[0016] The data processing module analyzes and processes the received data and compares it with a preset security threshold.

[0017] The alarm triggering module determines whether an alarm needs to be triggered based on the data processing results. If the data exceeds a preset threshold, an alarm signal is issued.

[0018] The alarm output module outputs the alarm signal to the corresponding alarm device.

[0019] In conjunction with the first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a second possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein,

[0020] The management device includes a data storage module, a control module, a maintenance log module, and a data backup module;

[0021] The data storage module stores the initial prestress of the anchor cable, the increment of the internal force of the anchor cable, and alarm records;

[0022] The control module manages and controls the operation of the entire monitoring system, including adjusting the acquisition frequency and transmission parameters;

[0023] The maintenance log module records the system's operating status and maintenance history;

[0024] The data backup module provides data backup and recovery functions.

[0025] In conjunction with the first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a third possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein,

[0026] The anchor cable prestress sensor is a strain gauge sensor;

[0027] The strain gauge sensor includes a strain gauge, a strain support base, and a strain connection cable;

[0028] The strain gauge and the strain connection cable are mounted on the strain support base;

[0029] The strain support base is mounted on the anchor cable;

[0030] The strain gauge cable is connected to the acquisition device.

[0031] Its technical advantages are as follows: strain gauge sensors can obtain prestress information by measuring the deformation of anchor cables. They are very sensitive to small strains in anchor cables, can accurately detect the initial prestress and internal force increments of anchor cables, and are highly adaptable and easy to install.

[0032] In conjunction with the first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a fourth possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein,

[0033] The anchor cable prestress sensor is a vibrating wire sensor;

[0034] The vibrating wire sensor includes a measuring string, a vibrating wire support base, an amplifier circuit, and a connecting cable;

[0035] The two ends of the measuring string are fixed to the vibrating string support base to maintain tension;

[0036] The amplifier circuit and the connecting cable are mounted on the vibrating wire support base;

[0037] The vibrating wire support base is mounted on the anchor cable;

[0038] The connecting cable connects to the data acquisition device.

[0039] Its technical advantages lie in the following: The vibrating wire is a thin, tensioned string fixed at both ends. Its vibration frequency and characteristics are directly related to the string's tension. When the prestress of the anchor cable changes, the deformation of the anchor cable causes a change in the tension of the vibrating wire, which in turn causes a corresponding change in the vibration frequency and characteristics of the vibrating wire. It is highly sensitive to minute deformations of the anchor cable. By measuring the vibration frequency and characteristics of the vibrating wire to obtain the prestress information of the anchor cable, it can accurately reflect changes in the state of the anchor cable. Furthermore, it has strong anti-interference and durability, and can work stably for extended periods in harsh environments.

[0040] In conjunction with the first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a fifth possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein,

[0041] The wireless transmission device includes a LoRaWAN module, a 5G module, and a switching module;

[0042] The switching module detects the signal strength of the current communication module at fixed intervals. If the signal strength of the current communication module is lower than a preset value, it switches to another module for communication.

[0043] The LoRaWAN module includes a LoRa modem, a LoRa processor, a LoRa RF front-end, a LoRa antenna, and a LoRa external interface;

[0044] The 5G module includes a 5G modem, a baseband processor, a 5G radio frequency front-end, a 5G antenna, and a 5G external interface.

[0045] The technical advantages are as follows: LoRaWAN is suitable for low-power, long-distance communication, while 5G provides high-speed, high-capacity communication capabilities. The combination of the two, through an intelligent switching mechanism, can be selected according to specific needs, which can not only ensure the stability of communication, but also meet different communication needs, while effectively managing energy consumption and extending the system's uptime.

[0046] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a passive wireless anchor cable prestressed slope monitoring method using a passive wireless anchor cable prestressed monitoring system, comprising:

[0047] Obtain the initial prestress F of the anchor cable and the increment of the internal force ΔF of the anchor cable;

[0048] Calculate the anchor cable internal force increment ratio k = ΔF / F;

[0049] Establish a calculation model for the ratio of anchor cable prestress x to anchor cable internal force increment k in slope: K(x) = AeBx Where x is the value of the anchor cable prestress, and A and B are constants;

[0050] Set slope stability thresholds k1 and k2, where k1 is the first-level warning point, when 0 < k < k1, the slope begins to enter an unstable state, and k2 is the second-level warning point, when k1 < k < k2, the slope begins to enter a dangerous state from an unstable state.

[0051] The passive wireless anchor cable prestress monitoring system adopts the passive wireless anchor cable prestress monitoring system described above.

[0052] In conjunction with the second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a first possible implementation of the second aspect, wherein,

[0053] Under different anchor cable prestress F, the values ​​of the first-level warning point k1 and the second-level warning point k2 are different;

[0054] As the initial prestress F of the anchor cable increases, the value of the first-level warning point k1 decreases, k1=0.2154e -0.003F ;

[0055] As the initial prestress F of the anchor cable increases, the value of the second-level warning point k2 decreases, k2=0.8626e -0.003F .

[0056] The technical advantages are as follows: This invention establishes the anchor cable internal force increment ratio as an early warning indicator for the slope's safe and stable state. Based on the variation law of the anchor cable internal force increment under different slope soil strength reduction coefficients and the corresponding slope safety factors, two early warning standards for judging the slope's stable state are proposed: when the anchor cable internal force increment ratio k reaches the first warning point, it indicates that the slope has begun to enter an unstable state; when the anchor cable internal force increment ratio k reaches the second warning point, it indicates that the slope sliding zone has been completed and the slope has begun to slide comprehensively. The anchor cable internal force increment ratio k eliminates the influence of the initial prestress of the anchor cable, facilitating engineering applications. The anchor cable internal force increment ratios k1 and k2 values ​​of the two warning states exhibit an exponential relationship with the initial prestress of the anchor cable, which can be expressed by the formula y=Ae. Bx This means that, therefore, this relationship can be used to provide early warning of the safety and stability of slopes reinforced with different anchor cables.

[0057] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the passive wireless anchor cable prestressed slope monitoring method described above.

[0058] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the passive wireless anchor cable prestressed slope monitoring method as described above.

[0059] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are:

[0060] This invention employs both LoRaWAN and 5G communication modules, allowing for flexible switching between communication modes based on specific circumstances. The switching module monitors signal strength to enable intelligent switching between the two communication modules, which helps ensure communication stability and reliability in different communication environments, optimizes energy efficiency, extends system uptime, and improves system sustainability.

[0061] The hydraulic actuator module of this invention monitors the pressure, flow rate, and temperature parameters in the hydraulic cylinder through hydraulic sensors to achieve precise control of anchor cable loading and tensioning; the servo control module monitors the parameters transmitted by the hydraulic sensors and realizes real-time monitoring and control of the system based on thresholds, enabling the system to respond promptly to abnormal situations.

[0062] This invention provides a variety of anchor cable prestress sensors, including strain gauge sensors and vibrating wire sensors, to adapt to different monitoring needs and anchor cable types. Strain gauge sensors achieve highly sensitive measurement of anchor cable prestress by measuring minute deformations in the anchor cable; vibrating wire sensors achieve in-depth monitoring of the anchor cable condition by measuring changes in the vibration frequency of the vibrating wire.

[0063] This invention provides a slope stability calculation model based on anchor cable prestress monitoring data. Through comprehensive analysis of the initial prestress and internal force increment of the anchor cables, a slope stability calculation model is established, and first-level and second-level early warning points are set, enabling the system to provide early warning when the slope enters an unstable or dangerous state, which helps to take timely prevention and control measures. Attached Figure Description

[0064] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0065] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the passive wireless anchor cable prestress monitoring system of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the passive wireless anchor cable prestressed slope monitoring method of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the passive wireless anchor cable prestress monitoring system of the present invention.

[0068] In the diagram, 1-Anchor cable prestress sensor; 2-Data acquisition device; 3-Wireless transmission device; 4-Early warning device; 5-Management device; 6-Power supply device. Detailed Implementation

[0069] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0070] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 The first embodiment of the present invention provides a passive wireless anchor cable prestress monitoring system, comprising: an anchor cable prestress sensor, installed on the anchor cable, for measuring the initial prestress and the increment of the anchor cable internal force; a data acquisition device, connected to the anchor cable prestress sensor, for collecting the initial prestress and the increment of the anchor cable internal force measured by the anchor cable prestress sensor; a wireless transmission device, for remotely transmitting the initial prestress and the increment of the anchor cable internal force to a host computer for monitoring and analysis; an early warning device, for real-time monitoring of the initial prestress and the increment of the anchor cable internal force, and for issuing an alarm if the initial prestress and / or the increment of the anchor cable internal force reaches a safety threshold; a management device, for receiving the initial prestress and the increment of the anchor cable internal force, and for storing, processing, and analyzing them; and a power supply device, for supplying power to the anchor cable prestress sensor, the data acquisition device, the wireless transmission device, the early warning device, and the management device.

[0071] The early warning device includes a data receiving module, a data processing module, an alarm triggering module, and an alarm output module. The data receiving module receives the initial prestress of the anchor cable and the increment of the anchor cable internal force. The data processing module analyzes and processes the received data and compares it with a preset safety threshold. The alarm triggering module determines whether to trigger an alarm based on the data processing results. If the data exceeds the preset threshold, an alarm signal is issued. The alarm output module outputs the alarm signal to the corresponding alarm device.

[0072] The management device includes a data storage module, a control module, a maintenance log module, and a data backup module. The data storage module stores the initial prestress of the anchor cable, the increment of the anchor cable's internal force, and alarm records. The control module manages and controls the operation of the entire monitoring system, including adjusting the acquisition frequency and transmission parameters. The maintenance log module records the system's operating status and maintenance history. The data backup module provides data backup and recovery functions.

[0073] The anchor cable prestress sensor is a strain gauge sensor; the strain gauge sensor includes a strain gauge, a strain support base, and a strain connection cable; the strain gauge and the strain connection cable are mounted on the strain support base; the strain support base is mounted on the anchor cable; and the strain connection cable is connected to the acquisition device.

[0074] Its technical advantages are as follows: strain gauge sensors can obtain prestress information by measuring the deformation of anchor cables. They are very sensitive to small strains in anchor cables, can accurately detect the initial prestress and internal force increments of anchor cables, and are highly adaptable and easy to install.

[0075] The anchor cable prestress sensor is a vibrating wire sensor; the vibrating wire sensor includes a measuring wire, a vibrating wire support base, an amplifier circuit, and a connecting cable; both ends of the measuring wire are fixed on the vibrating wire support base to maintain tension; the amplifier circuit and the connecting cable are installed on the vibrating wire support base; the vibrating wire support base is installed on the anchor cable; and the connecting cable is connected to the acquisition device.

[0076] Its technical advantages lie in the following: The vibrating wire is a thin, tensioned string fixed at both ends. Its vibration frequency and characteristics are directly related to the string's tension. When the prestress of the anchor cable changes, the deformation of the anchor cable causes a change in the tension of the vibrating wire, which in turn causes a corresponding change in the vibration frequency and characteristics of the vibrating wire. It is highly sensitive to minute deformations of the anchor cable. By measuring the vibration frequency and characteristics of the vibrating wire to obtain the prestress information of the anchor cable, it can accurately reflect changes in the state of the anchor cable. Furthermore, it has strong anti-interference and durability, and can work stably for extended periods in harsh environments.

[0077] The wireless transmission device includes a LoRaWAN module, a 5G module, and a switching module. The switching module detects the signal strength of the current communication module at fixed intervals. If the signal strength of the current communication module is lower than a preset value, it switches to another module for communication. The LoRaWAN module includes a LoRa modem, a LoRa processor, a LoRa RF front-end, a LoRa antenna, and a LoRa external interface. The 5G module includes a 5G modem, a baseband processor, a 5G RF front-end, a 5G antenna, and a 5G external interface.

[0078] Specifically, the LoRa modem is responsible for implementing LoRa modulation and demodulation functions, converting digital data into LoRa modulated signals, and demodulating digital data from received LoRa signals; the LoRa processor controls the operation of the LoRaWAN module, including data processing, communication control, protocol stack management, and other functions; the LoRa RF front-end processes RF signals, including signal amplification and filtering, to ensure signal stability and reliability; the LoRa antenna transmits and receives RF signals; and the LoRa external interface provides interfaces for communication with other system components, typically including serial ports, SPI, etc.

[0079] Specifically, the 5G modem is used to convert digital data to and from 5G modulated signals; the baseband processor is responsible for digital signal processing, scheduling, protocol stack management, and other functions; the 5G RF front-end processes 5G RF signals, including signal amplification and filtering; the 5G antenna is used to transmit and receive 5G RF signals; and the 5G external interface provides an interface for communication with other system components, typically including high-speed serial ports, PCIe, etc.

[0080] The technical advantages are as follows: LoRaWAN is suitable for low-power, long-distance communication, while 5G provides high-speed, high-capacity communication capabilities. The combination of the two, through an intelligent switching mechanism, can be selected according to specific needs, which can not only ensure the stability of communication, but also meet different communication needs, while effectively managing energy consumption and extending the system's uptime.

[0081] Please refer to Figure 2 The second embodiment of the present invention provides a passive wireless anchor cable prestressed slope monitoring method using a passive wireless anchor cable prestressed monitoring system, comprising: obtaining the initial prestress F of the anchor cable and the anchor cable internal force increment ΔF; calculating the anchor cable internal force increment ratio k = ΔF / F; and establishing a calculation model K(x) = Ae^(-ΔF / ΔF) for the anchor cable prestress x and the anchor cable internal force increment ratio k of the slope. Bx Where x is the value of the anchor cable prestress, and A and B are constants; slope stability thresholds k1 and k2 are set, where k1 is the first-level warning point, when 0 < k < k1, the slope begins to enter an unstable state, and k2 is the second-level warning point, when k1 < k < k2, the slope begins to enter a dangerous state from an unstable state; the passive wireless anchor cable prestress monitoring system adopts the passive wireless anchor cable prestress monitoring system as described above.

[0082] Specifically, when the slope toe begins to slide, the increase in anchor cable internal force is not very significant, and the internal force of the upper anchor cables also does not change significantly. This indicates that the anchor cables have not fully exerted their reinforcing effect on the slope. This state only indicates that the slope is beginning to enter an unstable state, and this should be taken as the starting point for early warning of slope safety. As the displacement at the slope toe increases rapidly, the anchor cable internal force increases rapidly, the slope sliding zone develops upward, and the unstable state of the slope further develops. When the rate of increase of anchor cable internal force reaches its maximum, the anchor cable internal force increases significantly. At this point, the slope sliding zone is completed, the slope changes from an unstable state to a dangerous state, and the risk level increases.

[0083] Therefore, early warning anchors should primarily be selected at the toe of the slope, and their internal forces should be monitored long-term to understand their changing patterns. Anchors near the slope crest serve as supplementary early warning anchors, and their number can be less than the key early warning anchors at the toe, but their internal forces should also be monitored long-term. Because the internal forces of anchors at the slope toe are more sensitive to changes, slope stability can be determined by monitoring changes in the internal forces of anchors at the toe.

[0084] Specifically, the values ​​of the first-level warning point k1 and the second-level warning point k2 differ under different initial prestress F of the anchor cable; as the initial prestress F of the anchor cable increases, the value of the first-level warning point k1 decreases, k1=0.2154e -0.003F As the initial prestress F of the anchor cable increases, the value of the second-level warning point k2 decreases, k2=0.8626e -0.003F .

[0085] A third embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the passive wireless anchor cable prestressed slope monitoring method described above.

[0086] A fourth embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the passive wireless anchor cable prestressed slope monitoring method as described above.

[0087] The computer program product of the passive wireless anchor cable prestress monitoring method and device provided in the embodiments of the present invention includes a computer-readable storage medium storing program code. The instructions included in the program code can be used to execute the methods in the preceding method embodiments. For specific implementation, please refer to the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0088] Specifically, the storage medium can be a general-purpose storage medium, such as a portable disk or hard disk. When the computer program on the storage medium is run, it can execute the above-mentioned passive wireless anchor cable prestressed slope monitoring method, thereby establishing a high real-time performance, low maintenance cost, comprehensive slope stability monitoring and flexible slope early warning mechanism, providing an advanced and feasible solution for anchor cable prestressed monitoring and slope monitoring.

[0089] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a processor-executable, non-volatile, computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, essentially, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0090] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A passive wireless anchor cable prestress monitoring system, characterized in that, include: An anchor cable prestress sensor is installed on the anchor cable to measure the initial prestress and the increment of internal force in the anchor cable. The data acquisition device is connected to the anchor cable prestress sensor and collects the initial prestress and internal force increment of the anchor cable measured by the anchor cable prestress sensor. The anchor cable prestress sensor is a strain gauge sensor; The strain gauge sensor includes a strain gauge, a strain support base, and a strain connection cable; the strain gauge and the strain connection cable are mounted on the strain support base; The strain support base is mounted on the anchor cable; the strain connection cable is connected to the data acquisition device; or, The anchor cable prestress sensor is a vibrating wire sensor; the vibrating wire sensor includes a measuring wire, a vibrating wire support base, an amplifier circuit, and a connecting cable; both ends of the measuring wire are fixed on the vibrating wire support base to maintain tension; the amplifier circuit and the connecting cable are installed on the vibrating wire support base; The vibrating wire support base is mounted on the anchor cable; The connecting cable connects to the data acquisition device; A wireless transmission device remotely transmits the initial prestress and the incremental internal force of the anchor cable to a host computer for monitoring and analysis. The wireless transmission device includes a LoRaWAN module, a 5G module, and a switching module. The switching module detects the signal strength of the current communication module at fixed intervals. If the signal strength of the current communication module is lower than a preset value, it switches to another module for communication. The LoRaWAN module includes a LoRa modem, a LoRa processor, a LoRa RF front-end, a LoRa antenna, and a LoRa external interface. The 5G module includes a 5G modem, a baseband processor, a 5G RF front-end, a 5G antenna, and a 5G external interface. The early warning device monitors the initial prestress and internal force increment of the anchor cable in real time. If the initial prestress and / or internal force increment of the anchor cable exceeds the safety threshold, an alarm is issued. The management device receives the initial prestress and internal force increment of the anchor cable, and stores, processes, and analyzes them. The management device includes a data storage module, a control module, a maintenance log module, and a data backup module. The data storage module stores the initial prestress and internal force increment of the anchor cable, as well as alarm records. The control module manages and controls the operation of the entire monitoring system, including adjusting the acquisition frequency and transmission parameters. The maintenance log module records the system's operating status and maintenance history. The data backup module provides data backup and recovery functions. The power supply device provides power to the anchor cable prestress sensor, the data acquisition device, the wireless transmission device, the early warning device, and the management device.

2. The passive wireless anchor cable prestress monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The early warning device includes a data receiving module, a data processing module, an alarm triggering module, and an alarm output module; The data receiving module receives the initial prestress of the anchor cable and the increment of the internal force of the anchor cable; The data processing module analyzes and processes the received data and compares it with a preset security threshold. The alarm triggering module determines whether an alarm needs to be triggered based on the data processing results. If the data exceeds a preset threshold, an alarm signal is issued. The alarm output module outputs the alarm signal to the corresponding alarm device.

3. A passive wireless anchor cable prestressed slope monitoring method using a passive wireless anchor cable prestressed monitoring system, characterized in that, include: Obtain the initial prestress F of the anchor cable and the increment of the internal force ΔF of the anchor cable; Calculate the anchor cable internal force increment ratio k = ΔF / F; Establish a calculation model for the ratio of anchor cable prestress x to anchor cable internal force increment k in slope: K(x) = Ae Bx Where x is the value of the anchor cable prestress, and A and B are constants; Set slope stability thresholds k1 and k2, where k1 is the first-level warning point, when 0 < k < k1, the slope begins to enter an unstable state, and k2 is the second-level warning point, when k1 < k < k2, the slope begins to enter a dangerous state from an unstable state. The passive wireless anchor cable prestress monitoring system described in claim 2 is the same as described in claim 2.

4. The passive wireless anchor cable prestressed slope monitoring method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Under different initial prestress F of the anchor cable, the values ​​of the first-level warning point k1 and the second-level warning point k2 are different; As the initial prestress F of the anchor cable increases, the value of the first-level warning point k1 decreases, k1=0.2154e -0.003F ; As the initial prestress F of the anchor cable increases, the value of the second-level warning point k2 decreases, k2=0.8626e -0.003F .

5. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the passive wireless anchor cable prestressed slope monitoring method as described in any one of claims 3 to 4.

6. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the passive wireless anchor cable prestressed slope monitoring method as described in any one of claims 3 to 4.

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