Flow data processing method and system from observation station to river reach

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological data analysis, and provides a flow data processing method and system from an observation station to a river reach, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining the water system data of a target watershed, and determining the upstream and downstream relation between the observation station and each river reach and the confluence interval range of each observation station according to the distance between the observation station and each river reach; preprocessing the flow data collected by each observation station on the target drainage basin water system; according to the preprocessed flow data and the confluence interval range of each observation station, the inflow and outflow flow and runoff modulus of the confluence interval of each observation station are calculated; and performing interpolation calculation on the flow of each river section according to the inlet and outlet flow and the runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the observation station, and generating a target drainage basin water system flow data model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrological data analysis, and more specifically, to a method and system for processing flow data from a measuring station to a river section. Background Art

[0002] Measuring stations refer to the general term for various hydrological observation sites established in rivers, lakes, channels, reservoirs and river basins to collect hydrological monitoring data. Measuring stations detect the quality and quantity of regional water resources, provide basic information data for water resources management, flood forecasting, and reservoir scheduling, and are an important source of data for scientific research and support for river basin management. Flow is one of the most important monitoring elements of measuring stations. Although a relatively complete monitoring station network has been built, there are still a large number of river sections in some river basins without measuring station information, and their flow conditions need to be deduced by hydrological models, remote sensing monitoring and other technologies, which is relatively complicated. Therefore, the development of a fast, automatic, and easy-to-operate method to deduce river section flow data based on measuring station flow data can help river basin management workers analyze the flow conditions of each river section in the basin, which is of great significance for river basin management and rational use of water resources.

[0003] At present, it is proposed to estimate the flow of river sections based on machine learning, detect and fill in the missing values ​​of the hydrological data of the station, and use the average water depth and water area data of the main station and the data of the secondary station to perform supervised learning and generate a generalized model of station flow. However, since there are some river sections without station information, it is difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the flow model based only on supervised learning. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the defect in the prior art that a large number of river sections in some river basins still have no measuring station information and the flow data of the river section cannot be accurately analyzed, the present invention provides a flow data processing method and system from the measuring station to the river section.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for processing flow data from a measuring station to a river section comprises the following steps:

[0007] Obtain the water system data of the target basin, and determine the upstream and downstream relationship between the measuring station and each river section and the confluence range of each measuring station according to the distance between the measuring station and each river section;

[0008] Pre-process the flow data collected by each measuring station in the target watershed system;

[0009] According to the pre-processed flow data and the confluence range of each measuring station, the inflow and outflow flow and runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station are calculated;

[0010] According to the inflow and outflow flow and runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station, the flow of each river section is interpolated and the flow data model of the target watershed is generated.

[0011] Furthermore, the present invention also proposes a flow data processing system from a measuring station to a river section, and applies the flow data processing method from a measuring station to a river section proposed by the present invention. The system comprises:

[0012] Data acquisition module, used to obtain water system data of target basin;

[0013] The data preprocessing module is used to preprocess the flow data collected by each measuring station in the target watershed system;

[0014] The river section division module is used to determine the upstream and downstream relationship between the measuring station and each river section and the confluence range of each measuring station according to the distance between the measuring station and each river section;

[0015] The flow calculation module of the measuring station is used to calculate the inflow and outflow flow and runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station according to the preprocessed flow data and the confluence interval range of each measuring station;

[0016] The river section flow interpolation module is used to interpolate the flow of each river section according to the inflow and outflow flow and runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station, and generate the flow data model of the target basin water system.

[0017] Furthermore, the present invention also proposes a storage medium on which computer-readable instructions are stored, wherein the computer-readable instructions, when executed by a processor, implement all or part of the steps of the method for processing flow data from a measuring station to a river section as described in the present invention.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The present invention determines the type of river section according to the upstream and downstream relationship of each river section and the confluence interval range of each measuring station, and interpolates the flow of each river section according to the type of river section combined with the inflow and outflow flow and runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station, so as to complete some river sections without measuring station information, and obtain a more accurate target basin water system flow data model;

[0020] The present invention utilizes the public digital elevation model data and the flow data of a small number of measuring stations to perform interpolation calculations on the flow data of each river section in the basin, thereby obtaining a complete and highly accurate flow data model. In the interpolation of river section flow, there are no restrictions on the scale of the basin, the number of river sections, and the number of measuring stations. The present invention is particularly suitable for basin analysis and management work where measuring station information is missing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1The flowchart of the method for processing flow data from a measuring station to a river section is shown according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 The figure is a spatial distribution diagram of original digital elevation model data and station locations of the Xijiang River Basin according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 The diagram is a schematic diagram of the encoded water system of the Xijiang River Basin according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 The figure is a schematic diagram showing the upstream and downstream relationship between river sections and measuring stations in the Xijiang River Basin according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 The figure is a schematic diagram of the runoff modulus of each confluence interval according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of flow data interpolation results of a river section in the Xijiang River Basin according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 The diagram is an architecture diagram of a flow data processing system from a measuring station to a river section according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Instead, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the present invention as detailed in the appended claims.

[0028] The terms used in the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The singular forms "a", "the" and "the" used in the present invention and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates other meanings. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0029] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in the present invention to describe various information, these information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, the first information may also be referred to as the second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as the first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining".

[0030] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] This embodiment proposes a method for processing flow data from a measuring station to a river section, such as Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for processing flow data from a measuring station to a river section according to the present embodiment.

[0033] The method for processing flow data from a measuring station to a river section proposed in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0034] S1. Obtain the water system data of the target basin, and determine the upstream and downstream relationship between the measuring station and each river section and the confluence range of each measuring station according to the distance between the measuring station and each river section;

[0035] S2, preprocessing the flow data collected by each measuring station in the target watershed;

[0036] S3, according to the pre-processed flow data and the confluence interval range of each measuring station, calculate the inflow and outflow flow and runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station;

[0037] S4. According to the inflow and outflow flow and runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station, the flow of each river section is interpolated and calculated to generate the flow data model of the target basin water system.

[0038] In this embodiment, the type of river section is determined according to the upstream and downstream relationship of each river section and the confluence range of each measuring station, and the flow of each river section is interpolated and calculated based on the river section type combined with the inflow and outflow flow and runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station, so as to complete some river sections without measuring station information and obtain a high-accuracy target basin water system flow data model.

[0039] This embodiment uses public digital elevation model data and flow data from a small number of measuring stations to interpolate the flow data of each river section in the basin, and obtain a complete and highly accurate flow data model. In the river section flow interpolation, there are no restrictions on the scale of the basin, the number of river sections, and the number of measuring stations. It is particularly suitable for basin analysis and management work where measuring station information is missing.

[0040] In an optional embodiment, the target watershed water system data obtained in step S1 includes watershed water system and sub-watershed data extracted from the digital elevation model, as well as reservoir station location data and reservoir inflow and outflow data; wherein each river section in the watershed water system data contains river section identifiers, upstream and downstream river section identifiers and other information; the sub-watershed data contains river section identifier information, which corresponds one-to-one to the river section identifier.

[0041] Further optionally, in order to facilitate the determination of the upstream and downstream relationship between the measuring station and the river section, the river system of the river basin is coded. According to the target river system data of the river basin, each river section is coded; and an initial code is set for the code of the outlet river section in the target river system of the river basin;

[0042] Starting from the exit river section, each river section is traversed, the upstream main river section of the current river section is encoded according to a preset first encoding rule, and the upstream branch river section of the current river section is encoded according to a preset second encoding rule.

[0043] Exemplarily, the first encoding rule is to add 1 at the end of the current code; the second encoding rule is to add an initial code at the end of the current code.

[0044] For example, the outlet river section in the target river basin system is coded as 001, and starting from the outlet river section, each river section is traversed, and its upstream main river section is coded as 002, and its upstream branch river section is coded as 001001;

[0045] For the river section coded as 001002, its upstream main river section is coded as 001003, and its upstream branch river section is coded as 001002001.

[0046] In the process of determining the upstream and downstream relationship between the measuring station and each river section, the embodiment can directly determine the upstream and downstream relationship between the river sections and the upstream and downstream relationship between the river section and the measuring station according to the coding information.

[0047] In another optional embodiment, the river section code is set according to the river section identifier in the target watershed water system data.

[0048] Those skilled in the art can select appropriate encoding rules according to the complexity of the actual river basin water system data, which will not be elaborated here.

[0049] In an optional embodiment, determining the upstream and downstream relationship between the measuring station and each river section according to the distance between the measuring station and each river section in step S1 includes the following steps:

[0050] For the i-th station, calculate the Euclidean distance between it and each river section, and take the river section code corresponding to the river section r with the smallest Euclidean distance as the location code Code of station i i ; Its expression is:

[0051] d i,r =f(reach r ,cood i ),r=1,2,...,N

[0052] Code i =Code r |d i,r =dmin

[0053] Among them, d i,r represents the Euclidean distance between station i and river section r; reach r is the vector element of river section r, cood i represents the coordinates of station i; N is the total number of river sections in the target basin water system data; Code r Indicates the river section code corresponding to river section r; d min is the minimum distance between the measuring station and the river section;

[0054] According to the location code of each station, determine the upstream station of station i;

[0055] Traverse each river section in the target basin water system and code it according to the location of station i i , determine the upstream and downstream relationship between the river section and the measuring station i, and obtain the upstream river section set L of the measuring station i i , and the confluence section river section set C included in the confluence section between station i and the upstream station i ; Its expression is:

[0056]

[0057] Among them, L j is the upstream river section set of the jth upstream station of station i;

[0058] The river section set C of the confluence interval from station i i Extract the sub-basin number of the river section and get the confluence range B of station i i ; Its expression is:

[0059] B i = {b r |Code r ∈C i}

[0060] Among them, b r is the sub-basin number corresponding to river segment r.

[0061] This embodiment determines the river section location of the measuring station by calculating the Euclidean distance between the measuring station and each river section. Furthermore, the river section code with the closest distance is taken as the measuring station code of the measuring station, which facilitates the subsequent flow data model construction.

[0062] Furthermore, in an optional embodiment, step S1 further includes the following steps:

[0063] For the river section set C of the confluence interval of station i iFor any river section included in , the station code of station i is added to the downstream station field DownSta of the river section; for the confluence interval between the most downstream station and the basin outlet, the downstream station field DownSta of the corresponding river section is marked with an empty string, indicating that there is no downstream station information;

[0064] Traverse any two stations i and j with direct upstream and downstream relationship. For any river section that the flow path between the downstream station i and the upstream station j passes through, add the station code of the upstream station j to the upstream station field UpSta of the river section. For the river section without upstream station, its upstream station field UpSta is marked with an empty string, indicating that there is no upstream station information.

[0065] According to the values ​​of the UpSta and DownSta fields, the river section type of any river section is determined. The determination conditions are as follows:

[0066]

[0067] Among them, RT is the river section type; RT=1 means that the river section is the upstream section of the measuring station, and only has the downstream measuring station information, but no upstream measuring station information; RT=2 means that the river section is the downstream section of the measuring station, and only has the upstream measuring station information, but no downstream measuring station information; RT=3 means that the river section is the interval section of the measuring station, and has both upstream and downstream measuring station information; RT=4 means that the river section has no measuring station information.

[0068] In this embodiment, according to the upstream and downstream relationship between the river section and the measuring station, the river section is divided into four types: upstream river section of the measuring station, downstream river section of the measuring station, river section between the measuring station, and river section without measuring station information. This facilitates the identification and division of river section types, and adopts an adaptive calculation method to perform flow interpolation calculation.

[0069] In an optional embodiment, the flow data collected by each measuring station in the target watershed water system is preprocessed in step S2, including the following steps:

[0070] The original flow data collected by the measuring station are resampled and converted into daily scale data;

[0071] Count the number of missing values ​​on each date in the transformed traffic data; the expression is:

[0072]

[0073] Among them, F t is the number of missing values ​​in the outbound and inbound flow data of each station on day t; f(·) is a judgment function, which takes the value of 1 if the value is correct, otherwise it takes the value of 0; i,t represents the outflow flow of station i on day t; I i,t represents the inflow flow of station i on day t;

[0074] The first and last missing values ​​F t The dates corresponding to 0 are used as the start and end dates of the data, and the flow data of each measuring station are aligned; the missing values ​​in the inlet and outlet flow data of each measuring station that have been aligned are interpolated and filled.

[0075] Considering that each reservoir measuring station may have inflow and outflow flow data with different time spans, this embodiment aligns the flow data of each measuring station and then fills in the missing values ​​in the data set.

[0076] Further, in an optional embodiment, in step S3, according to the preprocessed flow data and the confluence interval range of each measuring station, the inflow and outflow flow and the runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station are calculated, including the following steps:

[0077] According to the confluence range B of station i i , obtain the area of ​​each sub-basin within the confluence interval, and obtain the confluence interval area CA of station i i ; Its expression is:

[0078]

[0079] Among them, area l is the area corresponding to the lth sub-basin;

[0080] For station i, the confluence interval range B i , the inflow and outflow flow of this confluence interval is:

[0081]

[0082] QCA out,t =I i,t

[0083] Among them, QCA in,t is the inflow on day t; O j,t represents the outflow volume at the jth upstream station on the tth day; QCA out,t is the outflow on the tth day. The outflow in this interval is consistent with the inflow at the downstream station. i,t represents the inflow flow of station i on day t; n is the number of upstream stations of station i.

[0084] Then, for a confluence interval with upstream and downstream stations, the runoff modulus M on day t is t for:

[0085]

[0086] For the confluence interval with only downstream stations, the runoff modulus M on the tth day is t for:

[0087]

[0088] For the confluence interval with only upstream stations, the runoff modulus M on the tth day is t for:

[0089]

[0090] Among them, I j,t A is the inflow volume of the jth upstream station on the tth day; j is the catchment area of ​​the jth upstream station.

[0091] Further, in an optional embodiment, in step S4, interpolation calculation of the flow of each river section is performed according to the inflow and outflow flow and the runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station, including the following steps:

[0092] Traverse each river section and time, and calculate the interpolated flow of the river section based on the upstream station information of the current river section; where:

[0093] (1) For a river section r with upstream station information, according to its catchment area RA within the confluence interval, r Calculate the interpolated flow Q of the river section on day t r,t ; Its expression is:

[0094]

[0095]

[0096] Among them, A r is the catchment area of ​​river section r, L r is the upstream river section set of river section r, Code p Indicates the code of the pth river section in the upstream river section set, area p represents the sub-basin area corresponding to the pth river section in the upstream river section set; M r,t It represents the runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station to which the river section r belongs on the t day.

[0097] This embodiment takes into account that the water collection range of the river section r with the upstream station information overlaps with the water collection range of the upstream station, so the water collection range of the current river section is subtracted from the water collection area of ​​the upstream station.

[0098] (2) For a river section r′ without upstream station information, calculate the interpolated flow Q of the river section on day t. r′,t ; Its expression is:

[0099] Q r′,t =M r′,t *A r′

[0100]

[0101] Among them, A r′ is the catchment area of ​​river section r′, L r′ is the set of upstream river sections of river section r′, Code p′ represents the code of the p′th river section in the upstream river section set, area p′ represents the sub-basin area corresponding to the p′th river section in the upstream river section set; M r′,t It represents the runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station to which the river section r′ belongs on the t day.

[0102] After the traversal is completed, a target watershed water system flow data model is constructed by combining the target watershed water system data and the interpolated flow of each river section.

[0103] Furthermore, in an optional embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps:

[0104] Visualize the target watershed water system data and the river flow calculated by interpolation; where:

[0105] Adjust the width of river feature lines according to the interpolated flow values;

[0106] According to the upstream and downstream relationship between the river section and the measuring station, the river element line type of different colors is used to reflect the river section type;

[0107] According to the coding level of the river section, different colors are used to reflect the coded river level.

[0108] This embodiment visualizes elements such as river section flow, river section type, and river section code based on the target watershed water system data and interpolated river section flow data, which is helpful for helping watershed management workers analyze the flow conditions of each river section in the basin.

[0109] Example 2

[0110] This embodiment applies the flow data processing method from the measuring station to the river section proposed in Embodiment 1 to process the flow data of the river section in the Xijiang River Basin on October 20, 2015.

[0111] Exemplarily, this embodiment performs traffic data processing based on the open source Python language platform.

[0112] Firstly, the digital elevation model, station location data, station flow data and other target river system data of the Xijiang River Basin on October 20, 2015 were extracted. The TauDEM program was called using the third-party library pygeoc in Python to process the digital elevation model to extract the Xijiang River Basin water system data on October 20, 2015, and then the water system of the basin was coded.

[0113] like Figure 2 , 3 As shown, Figure 2 It is the spatial distribution map of the original digital elevation model data and the station locations; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the encoded Xijiang River Basin water system.

[0114] According to the river section code, the upstream stations and upstream river sections of each station are identified, and the set operation of the Set object in Python is used to determine the river section set corresponding to the confluence interval of the station. According to the identifier of each river section and the identifier of each sub-basin in the sub-basin data, the confluence interval range of the station is determined.

[0115] Use GeoPandas to create a GeoDataFrame object with the river section code as the index to store the upstream and downstream stations and river section types of the river section. Determine the downstream station of the river section according to the confluence range of the station, determine the upstream station of the river section according to the flow path between the stations, and finally divide the river section into upstream sections of the station, downstream sections of the station, sections between stations, and sections without station information according to the upstream and downstream stations.

[0116] like Figure 4 The figure shows the upstream and downstream relationship between each river section and measuring stations in the Xijiang River Basin.

[0117] All station flow data are merged into the same DataFrame, and the resample method is used to resample the flow data into daily scale data. Then, the isna and sum methods are used to count the number of missing values ​​on each date, and the data records with missing values ​​at the beginning and end of the data set are discarded to obtain a set of station flow data with a consistent time span. The interpolate method is then used to fill in the missing values ​​in the data set.

[0118] Use the read_file method in GeoPandas to read the sub-basin data, filter the river section set of the confluence interval of the measuring station to obtain the sub-basin set of the confluence interval, use the geometry.area method to calculate the area of ​​each sub-basin, and then use the sum method of the Series object to calculate the area of ​​the confluence interval of the measuring station.

[0119] According to whether the confluence interval of each measuring station has upstream and downstream measuring stations, the corresponding method is used to calculate the runoff modulus of the confluence interval, and the result is as follows: Figure 5 Schematic diagram of runoff modulus of each confluence interval is shown.

[0120] Traverse each river section in the watershed system and interpolate and calculate the flow of each river section. Create an empty DataFrame object, the index of which is the code of each river section, and the columns are the timestamps of the flow data. According to the type of river section, retrieve the runoff modulus data of the confluence interval where the river section is located and the data of the upstream and downstream stations, apply different calculation methods to interpolate and calculate the flow of the river section, and fill the results into the corresponding position of the DataFrame to obtain the flow data model of the target watershed system that completes the interpolation of the river section flow.

[0121] Finally, the to_excel method is used to save the calculation results as an Excel file, which is convenient for watershed management workers to analyze the flow conditions of each river section in the basin.

[0122] When visualizing the flow data model of the target river basin system, use the read_excel method in pandas to read the interpolation calculation results of the river section flow and index to the value of the day of display as a Series object. According to the river section code, use the loc method of the Series object to add the river section flow to the river basin system to form the Xijiang River Basin water system with flow data. Finally, use the Basemap method in basemap to create a map of the Xijiang River Basin, and use the ListedColormap and BoundaryNorm methods in matplotlib to create a color bar with scales to display the river section flow data in the Xijiang River Basin. Figure 6 Schematic diagram of flow data interpolation results for the river section in the Xijiang River Basin.

[0123] Example 3

[0124] This embodiment proposes a flow data processing system from a measuring station to a river section, and applies the flow data processing method from a measuring station to a river section proposed in Embodiment 1. Figure 7 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the architecture of the flow data processing system from the measuring station to the river section according to the present embodiment.

[0125] The flow data processing system from the measuring station to the river section proposed in this embodiment includes:

[0126] Data acquisition module, used to obtain water system data of target basin;

[0127] The data preprocessing module is used to preprocess the flow data collected by each measuring station in the target watershed system;

[0128] The river section division module is used to determine the upstream and downstream relationship between the measuring station and each river section and the confluence range of each measuring station according to the distance between the measuring station and each river section;

[0129] The flow calculation module of the measuring station is used to calculate the inflow and outflow flow and runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station according to the preprocessed flow data and the confluence interval range of each measuring station;

[0130] The river section flow interpolation module is used to interpolate the flow of each river section according to the inflow and outflow flow and runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station, and generate the flow data model of the target basin water system.

[0131] It can be understood that the system of this embodiment corresponds to the method of the above-mentioned embodiment 1, and the options in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 are also applicable to this embodiment, so they will not be described repeatedly here.

[0132] Example 4

[0133] This embodiment proposes a computer device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores computer-readable instructions, and when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the processor executes all or part of the steps of the flow data processing method from a measuring station to a river section as proposed in Example 1.

[0134] Example 5

[0135] This embodiment proposes a storage medium on which computer-readable instructions are stored, wherein the computer-readable instructions, when executed by a processor, implement all or part of the steps of the flow data processing method from a measuring station to a river section proposed in Embodiment 1.

[0136] Exemplarily, the storage medium includes, but is not limited to, a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other media that can store program codes.

[0137] Exemplarily, the instructions, programs, code sets or instruction sets may be implemented using conventional programming languages.

[0138] Exemplarily, the processor includes but is not limited to a smart phone, a personal computer, a server, a network device, etc., and is used to execute all or part of the steps of the flow data processing method from the measuring station to the river section described in Example 1.

[0139] Each embodiment of the present invention is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the device embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment. The device embodiment described above is merely exemplary, in which the modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the functions of each module can be implemented in the same or one or more software and / or hardware when implementing the scheme of the present invention. It is also possible to select some or all of the modules according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of this embodiment.

[0140] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for processing flow data from a measuring station to a river section, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Obtain the water system data of the target basin, and determine the upstream and downstream relationship between the measuring station and each river section and the confluence range of each measuring station according to the distance between the measuring station and each river section; Pre-process the flow data collected by each measuring station in the target watershed system; According to the pre-processed flow data and the confluence range of each measuring station, the inflow and outflow flow and runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station are calculated; According to the inflow and outflow flow and runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station, the flow of each river section is interpolated and the flow data model of the target watershed is generated.

2. The method for processing flow data from a measuring station to a river section according to claim 1, characterized in that: The target watershed water system data includes measuring station location data, and river section coordinates and river section identifiers of each river section; Then, the upstream and downstream relationship between the measuring station and each river section is determined according to the distance between the measuring station and each river section, including the following steps: For the i-th station, calculate the Euclidean distance between it and each river section, and take the river section code corresponding to the river section r with the smallest Euclidean distance as the location code Code of station i i ; Its expression is: d i,r =f(reach r ,cood i ),r=1,2,...,N Code i =Code r |d i,r =d min Among them, d i,r represents the Euclidean distance between station i and river section r; reach r is the vector element of river section r, cood i represents the coordinates of station i; N is the total number of river sections in the target basin water system data; Code r Indicates the river section code corresponding to river section r; d min is the minimum distance between the measuring station and the river section; According to the location code of each station, determine the upstream station of station i; Traverse each river section in the target basin water system and code the code according to the location of station i i , determine the upstream and downstream relationship between the river section and the measuring station i, and obtain the upstream river section set L of the measuring station i i , and the confluence section set C included in the confluence section between station i and the upstream station i ; Its expression is: Among them, L j is the upstream river section set of the jth upstream station of station i; The river section set C of the confluence interval from station i i Extract the sub-basin number of the river section and get the confluence range B of station i i ; Its expression is: B i ={b r |Code r ∈C i } Among them, b r is the sub-basin number corresponding to river segment r.

3. The method for processing flow data from a measuring station to a river section according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method further comprises the following steps: For the river section set C of the confluence interval of station i i For any river section included in , the station code of station i is added to the downstream station field DownSta of the river section; for the confluence interval between the most downstream station and the basin outlet, the downstream station field DownSta of the corresponding river section is marked with an empty string, indicating that there is no downstream station information; Traverse any two stations i and j with direct upstream and downstream relationship. For any river section that the flow path between the downstream station i and the upstream station j passes through, add the station code of the upstream station j to the upstream station field UpSta of the river section. For the river section without upstream station, its upstream station field UpSta is marked with an empty string, indicating that there is no upstream station information. According to the values ​​of the UpSta and DownSta fields, the river section type of any river section is determined. The determination conditions are as follows: Among them, RT is the river section type; RT=1 means that the river section is the upstream section of the measuring station, and only has the downstream measuring station information, but no upstream measuring station information; RT=2 means that the river section is the downstream section of the measuring station, and only has the upstream measuring station information, but no downstream measuring station information; RT=3 means that the river section is the interval section of the measuring station, and has both upstream and downstream measuring station information; RT=4 means that the river section has no measuring station information.

4. The method for processing flow data from a measuring station to a river section according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method further comprises the following steps: According to the target river basin water system data, each river section is coded; wherein an initial code is set for the outlet river section code in the target river basin water system; Starting from the exit river section, each river section is traversed, the upstream main river section of the current river section is encoded according to a preset first encoding rule, and the upstream branch river section of the current river section is encoded according to a preset second encoding rule.

5. The method for processing flow data from a measuring station to a river section according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preprocessing of the flow data collected by each measuring station in the target watershed system includes the following steps: The original flow data collected by the measuring station are resampled and converted into daily scale data; Count the number of missing values ​​on each date in the transformed traffic data; the expression is: Among them, F t is the number of missing values ​​in the outbound and inbound flow data of each station on day t; f(·) is a judgment function, which takes the value of 1 if the value is correct, otherwise it takes the value of 0; i,t represents the outflow flow of station i on day t; I i,t represents the inflow flow of station i on day t; The first and last missing values ​​F t The dates corresponding to 0 are used as the start and end dates of the data, and the flow data of each measuring station are aligned; the missing values ​​in the inlet and outlet flow data of each measuring station that have been aligned are interpolated and filled.

6. The method for processing flow data from a measuring station to a river section according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation of the inflow and outflow flow and runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station includes the following steps: According to the confluence range B of station i i , obtain the area of ​​each sub-basin within the confluence interval, and obtain the confluence interval area CA of station i i ; Its expression is: Among them, area l is the area corresponding to the lth sub-basin; For station i, the confluence interval range B i , the inflow and outflow flow of this confluence interval is: QCA out,t =I i,t Among them, QCA in,t is the inflow on day t; O j,t represents the outflow volume at the jth upstream station on the tth day; QCA out,t is the outflow on day t; I i,t represents the inflow flow of station i on day t; n is the number of upstream stations of station i; Then, for a confluence interval with upstream and downstream stations, the runoff modulus M on day t is t for: For the confluence interval with only downstream stations, the runoff modulus M on the tth day is t for: For the confluence interval with only upstream stations, the runoff modulus M on the tth day is t for: Among them, I j,t A is the inflow volume of the jth upstream station on the tth day; j is the catchment area of ​​the jth upstream station.

7. The method for processing flow data from a measuring station to a river section according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method of interpolating the flow of each river section according to the inflow and outflow flow and the runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station comprises the following steps: Traverse each river section and time, and calculate the interpolated flow of the river section based on the upstream station information of the current river section; where: For a river section r with upstream station information, according to its catchment area RA within the confluence interval, r Calculate the interpolated flow Q of the river section on day t r,t ; Its expression is: Among them, A r is the catchment area of ​​river section r, L r is the upstream river section set of river section r, Code p Indicates the code of the pth river section in the upstream river section set, area p represents the sub-basin area corresponding to the pth river section in the upstream river section set; M r,t It represents the runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station belonging to the river section r on the tth day; For a river section r′ without upstream station information, calculate the interpolated flow Q of the river section on day t. r′,t ; Its expression is: Q r′,t =M r′,t *A r′ Among them, A r′ is the catchment area of ​​river section r′, L r′ is the upstream river section set of river section r′, Code p′ represents the code of the p′th river section in the upstream river section set, area p′ represents the sub-basin area corresponding to the p′th river section in the upstream river section set; M r′,t It represents the runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station belonging to the river section r′ on the tth day; After the traversal is completed, a target watershed water system flow data model is constructed by combining the target watershed water system data and the interpolated flow of each river section.

8. The method for processing flow data from a measuring station to a river section according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The method further comprises the following steps: Visualize the target watershed water system data and the river flow calculated by interpolation; where: Adjust the width of river feature lines according to the interpolated flow values; According to the upstream and downstream relationship between the river section and the measuring station, the river element line type of different colors is used to reflect the river section type; According to the coding level of the river section, different colors are used to reflect the coded river level.

9. A flow data processing system from a measuring station to a river section, using the flow data processing method from a measuring station to a river section as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: Data acquisition module, used to obtain water system data of target basin; The data preprocessing module is used to preprocess the flow data collected by each measuring station in the target watershed system; The river section division module is used to determine the upstream and downstream relationship between the measuring station and each river section and the confluence range of each measuring station according to the distance between the measuring station and each river section; The flow calculation module of the measuring station is used to calculate the inflow and outflow flow and runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station according to the preprocessed flow data and the confluence interval range of each measuring station; The river section flow interpolation module is used to interpolate the flow of each river section according to the inflow and outflow flow and runoff modulus of the confluence interval of the measuring station, and generate the flow data model of the target basin water system.

10. A storage medium having computer-readable instructions stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer-readable instructions are executed by a processor, all or part of the steps of the method for processing flow data from a measuring station to a river section as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 are implemented.

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