Method for pouring stichopus japonicus into pond and box instead of antibiotics

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for transferring stichopus japonicus into a pond and a box instead of antibiotics, and belongs to the technical field of stichopus japonicus culture. Every time the pond or the box is reversed, the hypochlorous acid disinfectant is diluted and then is used for soaking the sea cucumbers, and after soaking is finished, the soaking solution containing the hypochlorous acid disinfectant is poured into the culture water together with the hypochlorous acid disinfectant. According to the method for transferring the stichopus japonicus into the pond and the box instead of antibiotics, the body surface and pathogens in the body of the stichopus japonicus can be killed after treatment, and the stichopus japonicus with enteritis can be helped to relieve inflammation and relieve enteritis. The growth speed of the stichopus japonicus using the method is higher than that of a control group. And the cost of using hypochlorous acid is 20-30% lower than that After treatment in the embodiments 1-3, the growth speed is more than two times that of a control group. The stichopus japonicus fry with enteritis diseases are soaked in 0.2% hypochlorous acid gel for 30 minutes, 99% of the stichopus japonicus fry are recovered to be healthy once and three times a day, and the method is simple, convenient, easy to implement by farmers and relatively low in cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sea cucumber breeding, and in particular to a method for replacing antibiotics for sea cucumber pond and box emptying. Background Art

[0002] The main diseases in the sea cucumber farming process include skin degeneration, plate degeneration, enteritis, stomach rot, and skin rot syndrome. The causes of sea cucumber diseases include feed nutrition, farming environment management, and pathogen breeding.

[0003] Rotten skin syndrome is the most common and most serious disease in sea cucumber farming. Both young and sea cucumbers can be infected, but the incidence rate is higher in young sea cucumbers during the winter, the spread rate is faster, and the mortality rate reaches more than 90%. The body of the infected sea cucumber shrinks, becomes stiff, the vitality decreases, and the reaction is slow; the body surface loses its luster, the mouth circumference swells, and most sea cucumbers have visceral discharge. Blue-white ulcers of varying sizes appear on the body surface and gradually expand, and the adhesion of the tube feet decreases; eventually the whole body rots and turns white and sinks to the bottom of the pond and dies, or rots and turns into white nasal mucus and dies. Some studies have shown that the pathogen of rotten skin syndrome is Vibrio splendens, and some believe that the disease is the result of a combination of multiple pathogens.

[0004] Sea cucumber enteritis is caused by bacterial infection of the intestines, which damages the intestinal mucosa, or long-term use of antibiotics, which leads to slow intestinal peristalsis, reduced sensitivity, imbalance of intestinal flora, and low immunity. The body wall of the diseased sea cucumber is thin, the spines are not firm, the feces are draggy, and the feces are not formed. The intestinal wall becomes brittle, has poor toughness and is easy to break. The feces are sticky and easily adhere to the anus of the sea cucumber and are not easy to fall off. There are a large number of bacteria in the intestines. Studies have shown that the pathogenic bacteria is Vibrio harveyi.

[0005] Sea cucumber gastric atrophy disease is also known as stomach rot / gastric ulcer. It is one of the most common diseases in the larval cultivation stage of sea cucumbers. Main symptoms: thickening of the stomach wall, shrinkage and shrinkage, blurred surroundings, severe erosion of the stomach wall, decreased feeding ability or no feeding of the larvae, developmental stagnation, low metamorphosis rate, and ultimately failure to metamorphose or death. Period of onset: mostly occurs in the middle ear larvae stage during the seedling stage. The disease is prone to occur during high temperature periods and when the density of larval cultivation is high. Causes of the disease: aging, stale bait, excessive feeding, and poor water quality can all lead to the disease. Prevention and control measures: control the temperature difference to ensure that the feed is fresh; pay attention to controlling the density of larval cultivation, and appropriately increase the amount of water changes; apply yeast, microbial preparations, etc. in a timely manner.

[0006] The main symptoms of edge rot disease: the edges of the ear-shaped larvae become blurred, or appear in tiny segments or ulcers at first, and the surviving individuals develop slowly and stagnate, and eventually fail to metamorphose or die. Period of disease: It often occurs in the middle ear larvae to the middle large ear larvae during the planktonic period of the nursery stage. It is prone to bacterial infection, poor water quality or frequent temperature instability, and the temperature difference exceeds 3°C. Causes of disease: poor water quality, stale water, bacterial infection, etc. Prevention and control measures: The temperature difference is less than 1°C, keep the water quality fresh and stable, and apply photosynthetic bacteria and microbial preparations in time.

[0007] The main symptoms of plate disease: In the early stage of the disease, the larvae shrink into a ball, their vitality decreases, they gradually lose the ability to attach and gradually disintegrate or sink to the bottom of the pond. In the later stage, many residual bone fragments can be seen on the attached plate. Disease period: It occurs when the barrel-shaped larvae metamorphose into five-tentacle larvae and the juveniles after the larvae attach to the plate. Cause of disease: Hypoxia, or bacteria mainly caused by Vibrio, and the change of feed during the transition period can all lead to the disease. Prevention and control measures: Adhere to the principle of poor water quality and uniform aeration with multiple air stones, accurately feed the amount and quality of feed, pay attention to the timing and ratio of high-quality sea mud application, and clean the bottom and empty the pond in time.

[0008] The main symptoms of red bacteria disease: dissolving in the water or forming red patches on the bottom of the water during the floating period, resulting in a low rate of larval attachment and metamorphosis; after attachment, the red bacteria form blocks or flakes on the bottom of the pool, causing small white spots to fall off. Period of disease: It can occur during both the seedling and seedling periods. Causes of disease: poor exogenous water quality, breeding of harmful bacteria, and imbalance of bacterial phases. Prevention and control measures: strict treatment of exogenous water before entering the pool. Usually, it can be combined with composite microbial preparations to adjust the bottom for prevention. Use oligosaccharides + iodine preparations, chlorine dioxide, florfenicol and other disinfectants, or roast the pool bottom.

[0009] From the above, we can see that most of the diseases of sea cucumbers are related to a large number of bacteria in the environment. Marine aquaculture has poor controllability. Once the disease occurs, it is difficult to effectively treat it with drugs. Therefore, the principle of prevention first and combination of prevention and control should be followed. At present, antibiotic baths are often used as the main method for the prevention and control of sea cucumber diseases in sea cucumber aquaculture. First, there may be problems with antibiotic residues, and then a large amount of used antibiotic solutions are discharged into the sea, bringing great ecological risks. At present, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of fishery medicine that is residue-free, easy to decompose, and has no secondary pollution to replace antibiotics. Summary of the invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for replacing antibiotics for sea cucumber pond emptying and box emptying, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0012] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is a method for emptying a sea cucumber pond or box. Each time the pond or box is emptied, the sea cucumber is soaked in a diluted hypochlorous acid disinfectant. After the soaking, the soaking liquid containing the hypochlorous acid disinfectant is poured into the aquaculture water body.

[0013] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0014] The present invention provides a method for replacing antibiotics for emptying sea cucumber ponds and boxes. After treatment, the pathogens on the surface and in the body of the sea cucumber can be disinfected and treated, and the sea cucumber suffering from enteritis can also be helped to reduce inflammation and relieve enteritis. The growth rate of sea cucumbers using this method for a long time is higher than that of the sea cucumbers in the control group. The cost of using hypochlorous acid is 20%-30% lower than that of antibiotics. After treatment in Examples 1-3, the growth rate is more than twice that of the control group. Sea cucumber seedlings with enteritis symptoms are soaked in 0.2% hypochlorous acid gel for 30 minutes, once a day, and 99% of the sea cucumber seedlings recover after three times. The method is simple, easy to implement by breeders, and relatively low in cost. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] Now, various exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail. The methods in the examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents used are conventional commercially available reagents or reagents prepared by conventional methods unless otherwise specified. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the present invention.

[0016] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0017] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0018] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to the skilled artisan. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0019] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0020] The technical solutions described in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional solutions in the art, and the reagents or raw materials used, unless otherwise specified, are purchased from commercial channels or have been disclosed.

[0021] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for emptying a sea cucumber pond or box. Each time the pond or box is emptied, the sea cucumber is soaked in a diluted hypochlorous acid disinfectant. After the soaking, the soaking liquid containing the hypochlorous acid disinfectant is poured into the aquaculture water body.

[0022] In some specific embodiments, the hypochlorous acid disinfectant is Xudun hypochlorous acid disinfectant.

[0023] In some specific embodiments, the dilution is specifically to dilute the hypochlorous acid disinfectant using seawater.

[0024] In some specific embodiments, the volume ratio of the hypochlorous acid disinfectant to seawater is (10-20):10000.

[0025] In some specific embodiments, the soaking treatment time is 20 to 30 minutes.

[0026] In some specific embodiments, the probiotic is selected from at least one of Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria.

[0027] In some specific embodiments, the method of using the Bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria is to spray them into the aquaculture water body;

[0028] The dosage of the Bacillus subtilis when used alone is 1.2×10 10 CFU / m 3 ; When mixed with photosynthetic bacteria, the dosage is 1.75-3.5×10 4 CFU / m 3 ;

[0029] The lactic acid bacteria are used by mixing with feed and feeding, and the amount added to the feed is 10 7 -10 9 CFU / g;

[0030] The dosage of the photosynthetic bacteria when used alone is 3×10 9 CFU / m 3 ; When mixed with photosynthetic bacteria, the dosage is 1.86×10 5 CFU / m 3 .

[0031] In order to better control the breeding environment of sea cucumbers, probiotics are added in different ways in the nursery room and the breeding cages after immersion for 24 hours to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria. Bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria are sprinkled per cubic meter in the sea cucumber breeding pool in the nursery room, and lactic acid bacteria can be used to feed sea cucumbers in the seawater cages. The amount of probiotics added in the feed is 10 7 -10 9 CFU / g.

[0032] The invention uses sea cucumbers cultured in nurseries and cages in Dalian as test objects, and conducts a method for replacing antibiotics with hypochlorous acid for sea cucumber pond and cage emptying.

[0033] Xudun hypochlorous acid disinfectant (gel) is used to disinfect pathogens on the surface and inside the body of sea cucumbers. After treatment, it can help sea cucumbers to kill bacteria and disinfect, and can also help sea cucumbers with enteritis to reduce inflammation and relieve enteritis. Hypochlorous acid is pollution-free, residue-free, and secondary-free to the environment, and the by-products after disinfection are non-toxic and harmless. The method of the present invention is to first dilute the Xudun hypochlorous acid disinfectant (gel) into seawater according to a proportion, and then immediately put the sea cucumber seedlings after water control into the seawater containing the Xudun hypochlorous acid disinfectant (gel) for a certain period of time, and then put the sea cucumbers back into the breeding environment after the end, and pour the seawater dilution containing hypochlorous acid into the breeding water body together.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] (1) The individual weight of sea cucumber seedlings cultured in the nursery room was in the range of 23.0g-23.2g, and a blank control group, an antibiotic control group, and a hypochlorous acid experimental group were set up. The blank control group was not treated with drugs and hypochlorous acid each time the pond was turned over, the antibiotic control group was treated with antibiotics each time the pond was turned over, and the hypochlorous acid experimental group was treated with Xudun hypochlorous acid disinfectant each time the pond was turned over.

[0036] The treatment method for the hypochlorous acid experimental group is as follows: first, dilute the Xudun hypochlorous acid disinfectant (gel) into the seawater at a ratio of 20 mL of Xudun hypochlorous acid disinfectant for every 20 L of seawater, then soak the sea cucumber seedlings after water control in the seawater containing the Xudun hypochlorous acid disinfectant (gel) for 20 minutes, and then put the sea cucumbers back into the breeding environment, and pour the diluted seawater containing hypochlorous acid into the breeding water together.

[0037] The treatment method for the antibiotic control group was as follows: first, 4 g (4 million units of active ingredient) of ampremilast sulfate was diluted into the seawater at a ratio of 4 g per cubic meter of seawater, and then the sea cucumber seedlings after water control were immersed in the seawater containing ampremilast sulfate for 20 minutes. After the treatment, the sea cucumbers were returned to the breeding environment, and the diluted seawater containing ampremilast sulfate was poured into the breeding water together.

[0038] The treatment method of the blank control group is: the sea cucumber seedlings after water control are placed in sea water for immersion for 20 minutes, and then the sea cucumbers are returned to the breeding environment and sea water is poured into the breeding water body.

[0039] (2) Two 200L plastic tanks were set up in each group, and 20 sea cucumbers with an average weight of 23.0g-23.2g were cultured in each tank. The tank was emptied once every half a month according to the sea cucumber culture production to replace the culture seawater and attachment substrate for the sea cucumbers. After each soaking, the probiotic Bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria were added at a rate of 1.75×10 4 CFU / m 3 and 1.86×10 5 CFU / m 3 The experiment completed three pool inversion operations over a period of 43 days.

[0040] (3) During the experiment, the average weight change of each group of sea cucumbers was recorded each time the pool was turned over. The growth rate of each group of sea cucumbers was compared. The results are shown in Table 1-2.

[0041] Table 1 Average weight of individual sea cucumbers in each pond dumping (g)

[0042] Group Day 0 Day 16 Day 31 Day 43 Blank control group 23.08 24.10 24.87 25.75 Antibiotic control group 23.19 24.20 25.35 26.62 Hypochlorous acid experimental group 23.21 24.15 25.82 27.88

[0043] Table 2 Average weight increase percentage of sea cucumbers each time the pond was drained (%)

[0044] Group First time pouring the pool Second time pouring the pool The third time Blank control group 4.40 3.22 3.54 Antibiotic control group 4.36 4.75 5.00 Hypochlorous acid experimental group 4.05 6.92 7.98

[0045] The growth rate of sea cucumbers that were treated with Xudun hypochlorous acid disinfectant instead of antibiotics was more than twice that of the blank control group and 1.6 times that of the antibiotic control group.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] (1) In the seawater cage culture of sea cucumbers, Xudun hypochlorous acid gel is used instead of antibiotics to remove sea cucumbers from cages.

[0048] (2) Two cages for sea cucumber culture were selected and the cages were emptied once every 15 days, with 40 catties of sea cucumbers each time. The hypochlorous acid experimental group used 20 mL of hypochlorous acid disinfectant per 20 L of seawater, and the immersion time was about 30 min. After 24 hours of immersion, lactic acid bacteria were mixed in the feed and fed at an addition rate of 108 CFU / g;

[0049] The dosage of the control group of ampromectin sulfate soluble powder was 80 mg (80,000 units) per 20 L of seawater, and the soaking time was about 30 minutes. The growth rate of the sea cucumbers in the two cages was recorded.

[0050] (3) Two cages of sea cucumber culture in the same area were selected and the cages were inverted. The growth rates of the sea cucumbers in the two cages were recorded. The comparative experiment was carried out for two months.

[0051] The results showed that after two months of comparative experiments, the weight of the caged sea cucumbers using this method increased by 52%, which was twice that of the sea cucumbers in the control group.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] (1) Sea cucumbers with enteritis were selected and soaked in 2000 ppm hypochlorous acid disinfectant for 30 min once a day for 5 days. 24 h after the soaking, 3×10 photosynthetic bacteria were added. 9 CFU / m 3 .

[0054] (2) Count the number of normal spur parameters every day.

[0055] The results showed that by the end of the third day of soaking, 99% of the diseased sea cucumber seedlings had recovered.

[0056] In summary, the present invention provides a method for replacing antibiotics in sea cucumber ponds and boxes. After treatment, it can help to disinfect pathogens on the surface and inside the body of sea cucumbers, and can also help sea cucumbers with enteritis to reduce inflammation and relieve enteritis. The growth rate of sea cucumbers using this method for a long time is higher than that of the sea cucumbers in the control group. The cost of using hypochlorous acid is 20%-30% lower than that of antibiotics. After treatment in Examples 1-3, the growth rate exceeded that of the control group by more than 2 times. Sea cucumber seedlings with enteritis symptoms were soaked in a hypochlorous acid gel with a volume fraction of 0.2% for 30 minutes, once a day. After three times, 99% of the sea cucumber seedlings recovered. The method is simple, easy to implement by breeders, and the cost is relatively low.

[0057] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technical users in the relevant field, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made on the basis of the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for emptying a sea cucumber tank, characterized in that: Each time the pond or box is emptied, the hypochlorous acid disinfectant is diluted and used to soak the sea cucumbers. After the soaking, the soaking solution containing the hypochlorous acid disinfectant is poured into the aquaculture water body. 24 hours after the soaking, probiotics are added.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The hypochlorous acid disinfectant is Xudun hypochlorous acid disinfectant.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The dilution specifically involves diluting the hypochlorous acid disinfectant with seawater.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The volume ratio of the hypochlorous acid disinfectant to seawater is (10-20):10000.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The soaking time is 20 to 30 minutes.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The probiotics are selected from at least one of Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The method for using the Bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria is to spray them into the aquaculture water body; The dosage of the Bacillus subtilis when used alone is 1.2×10 10 CFU / m 3 ; When mixed with photosynthetic bacteria, the dosage is 1.75-3.5×10 4 CFU / m 3 ; The lactic acid bacteria are used by mixing with feed and feeding, and the amount added to the feed is 10 7 -10 9 CFU / g; The dosage of the photosynthetic bacteria when used alone is 3×10 9 CFU / m 3 ; When mixed with photosynthetic bacteria, the dosage is 1.86×10 5 CFU / m 3 .