Process and system equipment for preparing carbon source from food waste

Abstract

The invention relates to a technology and system equipment for preparing a carbon source from food waste. The technology comprises the following steps: processing the food waste through a protein refining machine to obtain protein food waste and vegetable and fruit staple food food waste; performing liquid emulsification and solid liquefaction on vegetable and fruit staple food type food residues through a food residue liquefaction device to prepare carbon source primary pulp; the carbon source primary pulp is subjected to demulsification and small molecularization and then is separated into grease, organic pulp residues and crude carbon source liquid through a three-phase centrifugal machine, the organic pulp residues are used for manufacturing insect feed or conducting solid hydrolysis again to manufacture the carbon source primary pulp, and the crude carbon source liquid is sequentially subjected to denitrification catalysis, suspended matter purification extraction and blending stabilization to obtain the zero-emission carbon source. According to the scheme, through the integrated design, on-site treatment and 4S full-amount recycling of the food waste are achieved, the treatment efficiency is improved, environmental pollution is reduced, self-balancing treatment of the food waste is achieved, and good social and economic benefits are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of catering waste recycling and treatment, and in particular to a process and system equipment for producing carbon sources from catering waste. Background Art

[0002] As an important part of urban solid waste, catering waste comes from household kitchens, catering services, food processing and other industries. These wastes include leftovers, fruit peels, bones, etc., which have high organic matter content and high moisture content, are easy to corrupt, produce stench, and cause serious pollution to the environment. Traditional methods for treating catering waste include landfill, incineration and composting. However, these methods have many disadvantages: the landfill method will lead to waste of land resources and groundwater pollution; the incineration method will emit harmful gases and cause air pollution; and the composting method has a long treatment cycle and low fertilizer efficiency, which is difficult to meet the needs of large-scale treatment. In addition, the grease and impurities in catering waste also bring additional challenges to the treatment process. In the prior art, there are also studies on the dehydration, crushing and recycling process of catering waste, but these processes often require multi-step separation and treatment, which increases the processing cost and operation complexity. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a catering waste treatment process and device with efficient resource recovery and environmental protection, and improve the treatment efficiency and resource utilization rate of catering waste, which is of great significance to promote waste reduction and resource utilization. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present application provides a process and system equipment for producing carbon sources from catering waste. Through integrated design, it realizes on-site treatment of catering waste and 4S full resource utilization, improves treatment efficiency, reduces environmental pollution, realizes self-balanced treatment of catering waste, and has good social and economic benefits.

[0004] The process and system equipment for making carbon source from catering waste provided in this application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0005] The process of making carbon source from catering waste includes the following steps:

[0006] S1, the catering waste is passed through a protein fine separator to obtain protein catering waste and vegetable and fruit staple food catering waste;

[0007] S2, protein-based restaurant waste is passed through a debris fine separator to obtain combustible impurity materials and protein-based materials; the protein-based materials are separated by a solid-liquid separator to obtain protein-based solids and protein-based liquids; the protein-based liquid is subjected to liquid emulsification treatment to obtain a carbon source slurry;

[0008] S3, vegetable and fruit staple food catering waste is treated by liquid emulsification and solid hydrolysis to obtain carbon source pulp;

[0009] S4, the carbon source pulp is separated into organic pulp, oil and liquid phase by a centrifuge, and the liquid phase is the crude carbon source;

[0010] S5, the crude carbon source is subjected to denitrification catalysis, suspended solids extraction and blending stabilization to obtain a zero-emission carbon source.

[0011] For further improvement, the combustible impurity materials in step S2 are compressed and packaged after deodorization and drying; the protein solids in step S2 are used to make insect feed.

[0012] To further improve, the carbon source slurry in step S4 undergoes centralized refining treatment before entering the centrifuge. The centralized refining includes: cavitation carbon enhancement: part of the suspended matter is converted into water-soluble COD through cavitation, with the goal of increasing the COD in the liquid by more than 10%, while also having bactericidal and sedimentation functions; bacterial flora fragrance enhancement: deodorizing bacteria and aroma-enhancing bacteria are added to give it a sour aroma.

[0013] Further improvement, the organic pulp residue in step S4 is used to make insect feed, or is recycled for solid hydrolysis to generate a crude carbon source.

[0014] Further improvement, the denitrification catalysis in step S5 includes the following steps:

[0015] Electrocoagulation: Separate suspended matter from grease, partially flocculate and settle suspended matter, greatly reducing the pressure of air flotation and impurity removal;

[0016] Pure oxygen to stop corruption: pure oxygen is introduced to prevent anaerobic fermentation and corruption, while removing part of the ammonia nitrogen;

[0017] Nitrogen and phosphorus removal: This process is selected by the carbon source demander and there are two options:

[0018] (3) Magnesium salts such as magnesium chloride MgCL2 react with ammonia ions and phosphorus ions to form struvite MgNH4PO4·6H2O for precipitation and removal;

[0019] (4) Using the electrochemical method of removing ammonia and nitrogen, the pH value of the carbon source is first quickly brought to neutral by the electrode, a small amount of alkali is added, and oxygen is blown for aeration for 10-30 minutes.

[0020] To be further improved, the net extraction of suspended matter in step S5 includes the following steps: separating the crude carbon source after denitrification catalysis into three parts, namely, precipitate and turbid liquid, supernatant and middle clear liquid, through a separation tower; the precipitate and turbid liquid and supernatant are separated into liquid phase, oil and slurry by a centrifuge, and the slurry is used to make insect feed; the liquid phase is recycled into the separation tower for reuse, and the middle clear liquid is a clarified liquid, and the suspended matter in the clarified liquid will be less than 500PPM; the middle clear liquid is used to make a zero-emission carbon source.

[0021] Further improvement, precipitation and turbidity are formed by the spontaneous sedimentation of suspended matter within 1-6 hours.

[0022] Further improvement, salvage robot: In order to reduce the oil content to less than 500PPM, the floating objects are salvaged and filtered out by the salvage robot and then input into the centrifuge.

[0023] Further improvement, the blending and stabilization in step S5 includes the following processes:

[0024] Micro-nano flotation: This process can be omitted and is only set to ensure that the carbon source oil content is less than 500PPM;

[0025] Compounding and blending: Add compound carbon source and blending agent to achieve the required cod and storage time requirements;

[0026] Deodorization and stabilization: Add deodorization stabilizer when the temperature is above 32°C to prevent bad odor and flatulence.

[0027] To be further improved, the technical indicators of the zero-emission carbon source are: COD value ≥ 100,000 mg / L for kitchen waste, COD value ≥ 150,000 mg / L for catering waste, pH value 5-7, water-insoluble matter content ≤ 0.1%, total phosphorus content ≤ 50 mg / L, total nitrogen content ≤ 1000 mg / L, ammonia nitrogen content ≤ 500 mg / L, animal and vegetable oil content ≤ 1000 mg / L.

[0028] The catering waste resource system equipment includes a solid-liquid separator, which includes a shell, a dehydration component, a liquid conveying component, a dehydrated material conveying component, a crushing component and a crushed material conveying component;

[0029] The top of the shell is provided with a feed inlet, which is used to feed solid catering waste with high water content, and the bottom of the shell is provided with a liquid discharge outlet and a solid discharge outlet;

[0030] The dehydration component is arranged at the upper part of the housing, and is used to receive solid catering waste, and dehydrate it to separate it into liquid and dehydrated matter; the liquid conveying component is used to convey the liquid separated by the dehydration component to the liquid discharge port;

[0031] The dehydrated material conveying assembly is used to input the dehydrated material separated by the dehydration assembly into the crushing assembly; the crushing assembly is arranged at the lower part of the shell, and is used to crush large particles of dehydrated material into small particles of crushed material; the crushed material conveying assembly is used to output the crushed material produced by the crushing assembly to the solid discharge port.

[0032] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0033] 1. Systematization: The process and system equipment for making zero-emission carbon source from catering waste can realize on-site resource treatment of catering waste through systematic classification and treatment, and turn catering waste into marketable products on-site, which can be widely used in the catering waste treatment industry. The zero-emission carbon source products made from catering waste and kitchen waste through enzymatic hydrolysis, denitrification, stabilization and other processes have stable performance and are used as carbon source supplements in the sewage treatment process. They can be widely used in domestic sewage, landfills or industrial sewage treatment industries.

[0034] 2. The main components of catering waste include organic substances such as starch, cellulose, protein and lipids. After protein sorting, impurity removal and oil extraction, catering waste contains a large amount of organic matter. After being processed by the catering waste treatment machine, the organic matter is degraded by microorganisms and enzymes, starch macromolecules are degraded into small molecule sugars, proteins are degraded into small molecule amino acids, lipids are degraded into small molecule fatty acids, and cellulose is degraded into glucose. The final degradation product is a mixed liquid rich in reducing sugars and organic acids. This process makes the carbon source pulp into an auxiliary carbon source through impurity removal, demulsification, denitrification and stabilization.

[0035] 3. Efficient dehydration and crushing of the equipment: The solid phase catering waste is dehydrated through the dehydration component to separate the liquid and the dehydrated material. The crushing component further crushes the dehydrated material into small particles, which improves the processing efficiency. The crushed small particles can be used as raw materials for insect feed, realizing the resource utilization of catering waste and reducing the environmental impact of waste. The connection design of the dehydration component and the crushing component optimizes energy use and reduces energy consumption during the dehydration and crushing process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the recycling process.

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the local process steps of the process.

[0038] Figure 3 This is the first structural diagram of the device.

[0039] Figure 4 This is the second structural diagram of the equipment.

[0040] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure.

[0041] Figure 6 It is a top view schematic diagram when the fixed stirring paddle and the movable stirring paddle are aligned.

[0042] Figure 7 It is a top view schematic diagram when the fixed stirring paddle and the movable stirring paddle are spread out.

[0043] Figure 8 This is the third structural diagram of the equipment.

[0044] Description of reference numerals:

[0045] 100, shell, 110, feed port, 120, liquid discharge port, 130, solid discharge port,

[0046] 200, dehydration assembly, 210, motor, 220, main shaft, 230, dehydration bucket, 240, water collection bucket, 241, drainage hole, 250, second clutch,

[0047] 300, liquid delivery assembly, 310, drainage trough,

[0048] 400, dehydrated material conveying assembly, 410, vertical elevator, 411, cylinder, 412, axial spiral blade, 413, fixed stirring paddle, 414, movable stirring paddle, 415, fixed ring, 416, convex block, 417, rotating ring, 418, arc-shaped limit groove, 419, arc-shaped scraper, 420, conveying pipeline, 430, material input port, 431, guide plate, 440, material output port,

[0049] 500, crushing assembly, 510, grinding plate, 520, counterweight plate, 530, grinding wheel, 540, grinding groove, 550, sieve plate, 560, turntable driving mechanism, 561, vertical transmission shaft, 562, belt drive speed reduction mechanism, 563, gear transmission mechanism, 564, first clutch,

[0050] 600, crushed material conveying assembly, 610, receiving hopper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The following is combined with Figure 1-Figure 8 This application is described in further detail.

[0052] Kitchen waste and catering waste are two different types of domestic waste, which differ in their sources, characteristics and treatment methods.

[0053] Kitchen waste mainly comes from the kitchens of households, including vegetable leaves, fruit peels, leftovers, etc. produced during cooking. These wastes usually have high moisture content, are easy to rot, and are produced in large quantities but relatively scattered. Kitchen waste contains a high amount of organic matter, is easy to rot and deteriorate, and produces a foul odor. If not handled properly, it may pollute the environment. Kitchen waste can be converted into fertilizer or energy through composting, anaerobic digestion, etc., or it can be converted into products such as biodiesel through biotechnology.

[0054] Catering waste is mainly generated by restaurants, canteens and other catering industries, including leftover food from customers and waste generated during catering services. This type of waste is characterized by large production volume, relatively concentrated quantity and wide distribution. In addition to food residues, catering waste may also include disposable tableware, paper towels, etc. Its composition is complex and has a high fat content. It requires special treatment methods for recycling or safe disposal. It requires more complex pretreatment, such as oil-water separation, to recover the fat and reduce the environmental impact during the treatment process.

[0055] In general, both kitchen waste and restaurant waste need to be treated with appropriate methods to reduce the impact on the environment and maximize the use of resources. The following process can treat the food residues common to kitchen waste and restaurant waste, but it mainly realizes the recycling and reuse process based on the characteristics of restaurant waste, omitting some common garbage removal pretreatment processes.

[0056] The following is a process for making carbon sources from catering waste, including the following steps:

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, S1, the catering waste is passed through a protein fine separator to obtain protein catering waste and vegetable and fruit staple food catering waste; this step separates the protein substances (such as meat and egg residues) from the vegetable and fruit staple food catering waste (such as vegetables and grains) in the waste. This separation helps to more effectively recycle and utilize different components in the subsequent processing process.

[0058] S2, protein-based catering waste is passed through a debris separator to obtain combustible impurity materials and protein-based materials; combustible impurities (such as non-food impurities such as paper and plastic) are removed to obtain purer protein-based materials. The separated protein-based catering waste is further processed by a debris separator. This step ensures the purity of the raw materials in the subsequent processing process and provides better conditions for recycling. Protein-based materials are subjected to a solid-liquid separator to obtain protein solids and protein liquids; protein-based liquids are subjected to liquid emulsification treatment to obtain carbon source slurry; combustible impurity materials are compressed and packaged after deodorization and drying treatment; protein solids are used to make insect feed.

[0059] Protein solids can be further crushed to reduce the volume of materials and increase the utilization value of materials. Making raw materials for insect feed is an emerging way of resource utilization. Insects, such as mealworms, can effectively convert these organic wastes into high-quality animal proteins for the feed industry, especially aquatic and poultry feed. The dehydrated liquid can be used to make raw materials for carbon sources.

[0060] S3, the vegetable and fruit staple food catering waste is treated by liquid emulsification and solid hydrolysis to obtain carbon source pulp; during the treatment of vegetable staple food catering waste, liquid emulsification and solid hydrolysis are used to improve the subsequent treatment efficiency and resource recovery rate. The specific steps are usually:

[0061] Liquid emulsification: This step involves emulsifying the liquid components in the catering waste, such as grease and water, through physical or chemical methods to form a relatively uniform emulsion. This helps in the subsequent separation of oil and water, so that the grease can be recycled.

[0062] Solid hydrolysis: A process that converts solid organic matter in food waste into soluble small molecules through hydrolysis, which helps improve the efficiency of subsequent treatment. The hydrolysis process usually includes physical, chemical or biological methods to decompose organic matter. Physical methods involve heating and pressure changes, chemical methods use acids or bases to promote hydrolysis, and biological methods use microorganisms for hydrolysis. In some cases, the hydrolysis process can be achieved through wet heat treatment, that is, treating food waste in a high temperature and water environment to promote the hydrolysis of organic matter. In practical applications, hydrolysis treatment can be combined with other processes such as anaerobic digestion, aerobic composting, etc. to form a comprehensive food waste treatment process.

[0063] S4, the carbon source pulp is separated into organic pulp, grease and liquid phase by a centrifuge. The liquid phase is the crude carbon source. The crude carbon source often contains excessive oil, SS (suspended matter) and has a certain odor. In order to make the zero-emission carbon source reach the basic usage state, we refine the crude carbon source into products.

[0064] 1. Basic technology

[0065] The following introduces the basic process of refining carbon source raw pulp into composite carbon source. The process objectives are: the carbon source is a light yellow transparent clarified liquid with no oil content on the liquid surface and the liquid has a sour aroma.

[0066] The carbon source pulp in step S4 is subjected to centralized refining treatment before entering the centrifuge, and the centralized refining includes: cavitation carbon enhancement and bacterial flora fragrance enhancement. The organic pulp residue in step S4 is used to make insect feed, or recycled for solid hydrolysis to generate crude carbon source.

[0067] S5, the crude carbon source is subjected to denitrification catalysis, suspended solids extraction and blending stabilization to obtain a zero-emission carbon source.

[0068] 2. Various process indicators

[0069] 1. Cavitation carbonization: Part of SS is converted into water-soluble cod through cavitation, with the goal of increasing the cod in the liquid by more than 10%, while also having certain sterilization and sedimentation functions;

[0070] 2. Bacteria flora fragrance enhancement: Add deodorizing bacteria and fragrance enhancing bacteria (yeast, lactic acid bacteria) to give it a sour aroma. The organic pulp residue in step S4 is used to make insect feed, or recycled for solid hydrolysis to generate a crude carbon source.

[0071] The denitrification catalysis in step S5 includes the following steps:

[0072] 3. Electric flocculation: Separate the suspended matter from the oil and grease, partially flocculate and settle the suspended matter, and greatly reduce the pressure of air flotation and impurity removal;

[0073] 4. Pure oxygen to stop corruption: Since the carbon source contains a large amount of anaerobic bacteria and anaerobic fermentation products, which have a strong odor and decay quickly, the use of pure oxygen can prevent anaerobic fermentation and corruption, and at the same time remove some ammonia nitrogen.

[0074] 5. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal: This process is an emergency process and is selected by the carbon source demander. There are mainly two options:

[0075] (5) Magnesium salts such as magnesium chloride MgCL2 react with ammonia ions and phosphorus ions to form struvite MgNH4PO4·6H2O for precipitation and removal;

[0076] (6) Using the electrochemical method of removing ammonia and nitrogen, the pH value of the carbon source is first quickly brought to neutral by the electrode, a small amount of alkali is added, and oxygen is blown for aeration for 10-30 minutes.

[0077] The extraction of suspended matter in step S5 includes the following steps: separating the crude carbon source after denitrification catalysis into three parts: precipitate and turbid liquid, supernatant and middle clear liquid through a separation tower; the precipitate and turbid liquid and supernatant are separated into liquid phase, oil and slurry residue by a centrifuge, and the slurry residue is used to make insect feed; the liquid phase is recycled into the separation tower for reuse, and the middle clear liquid is a light yellow clarified liquid, and the suspended matter in the clarified liquid will be less than 500PPM; the middle clear liquid is used to make a zero-emission carbon source.

[0078] 7. Stereo separation tower: The stereo separation tower adopts precision control processes such as heat preservation, bacterial planting and intermittent oxygenation and deep well effect to separate the liquid phase into floating matter, middle layer clear liquid and sedimentation SS, so as to achieve accurate separation of carbon source.

[0079] 8. Sedimentation of SS: Through the above process, SS (suspended solids) will be able to settle autonomously within 1-6 hours to form a light yellow clarified liquid, and the SS of the clarified liquid will be less than 500PPM. The precipitate and turbid liquid are formed by the autonomous sedimentation of suspended solids within 1-6 hours.

[0080] 9. Salvage robot: After passing through the three-dimensional separation tower, the oil in the crude carbon source is basically forced out and floats up in blocks. The robot is used to salvage and filter out the oil, so that the oil content of the carbon source is less than 500PPM.

[0081] The blending and stabilization in step S5 includes the following steps:

[0082] 10. Micro-nano flotation: This process can be omitted. It is set up to ensure that the carbon source oil content is less than 500PPM;

[0083] 11. Compounding and blending: Add compound carbon source and blending agent according to the COD and storage time requirements of the demander to ensure that the required COD and storage time requirements are met.

[0084] 12. Deodorization and stabilization: For particularly hot weather (above 32°C), it is necessary to add a deodorization stabilizer to prevent bad odor and bloating.

[0085] 3. Emergency Process

[0086] 1. pH value adjustment: Direct use of electrochemistry can quickly adjust the pH value from acidic to neutral.

[0087] 2. Emergency oil removal: Emergency oil removal can be carried out by deep well oxygen exposure to remove oil and SS (suspended solids) method.

[0088] 4. Emergency deodorization: Deodorants can be used to quickly deodorize in emergency.

[0089] Step 4: After the carbon source pulp is concentrated and refined, it is separated into oil, organic pulp and crude carbon source liquid through a three-phase centrifuge. The organic pulp is used to make insect feed or re-solid hydrolysis to make carbon source pulp. The crude carbon source liquid is successively subjected to denitrification catalysis, suspended solids extraction and blending stabilization to obtain a zero-emission carbon source. The zero-emission carbon source product has stable performance and is used to supplement the carbon source in the sewage treatment process. It can be widely used in domestic sewage, landfills or industrial sewage treatment industries. The recovery and utilization of liquids can promote the synergistic efficiency of sewage treatment pollution reduction and carbon reduction, and drive the development of upstream and downstream industrial chains, such as wastewater treatment technology, resource recycling and other related industries.

[0090] The following is a quote from the technical standards for zero-emission carbon sources for wastewater treatment developed by the company.

[0091] 1 Scope

[0092] This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packaging, transportation and storage of zero-emission carbon sources for sewage treatment.

[0093] 2 Normative references

[0094] The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For all the referenced documents with dates, all the subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, the parties who reach an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For all the referenced documents without dates, the latest versions are applicable to this standard.

[0095] Preparation of GB / T601 Chemical Reagent Standard Titration Solution

[0096] GB / T602 Preparation of standard solutions for determination of impurities in chemical reagents (GB / T 602-2002, IS06353-1:1982, NEQ)

[0097] GB / T 603 Preparation of preparations and products used in chemical reagent test methods (GB / T603-2002, IS06353-1:1982, NEQ)

[0098] GB / T6678 General Principles for Sampling of Chemical Products

[0099] GB / T6680 General Rules for Sampling of Liquid Chemical Products

[0100] HJ828-2017 Determination of chemical oxygen demand in water - Potassium dichromate method

[0101] GB6920-86 Determination of pH value of water quality - Glass electrode method

[0102] GB / T11893-1989 Determination of total phosphorus in water by ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry

[0103] HJ636-2012 Determination of total nitrogen in water quality Alkaline potassium persulfate digestion UV spectrophotometry

[0104] HJ536-2009 Determination of ammonia nitrogen in water quality by salicylic acid spectrophotometry

[0105] HJ637-2012 Water quality-Determination of petroleum and animal and vegetable oils-Infrared spectrophotometry

[0106] 3 Technical indicators

[0107] The technical items and indicators are shown in Table 1.

[0108] Table 1 Technical indicators of zero-emission carbon sources for sewage treatment

[0109]

[0110] 4 Test methods

[0111] 4.1 Appearance

[0112] Take 50 ml of the zero-emission carbon source sample and inject it into a 100 ml glass beaker. Stir it with a glass rod, smell the odor, and visually inspect its transparency and color.

[0113] 4.2 COD determination

[0114] 4.2.1 Methods

[0115] According to HJ828-2017 Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand of Water Quality Potassium Dichromate Method:

[0116] a) Potassium dichromate standard solution (1 / 6K2CrO7): Weigh 12.258 g of standard or high-purity potassium dichromate that has been dried at 120°C for 2 hours, dissolve it in water, and transfer it to a 1000 ml volumetric flask to make up to volume.

[0117] b) Ferrocyanate indicator solution: Weigh 1.458g o-phenanthroline and 0.695g ferrous sulfate and dissolve them in water, and make up to 100ml. Store in brown bottle.

[0118] c) Ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution (about 0.1 mol / L): Weigh 39.5 g of ammonium ferrous sulfate and dissolve it in water. Slowly add 20 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid while stirring. After cooling, transfer to a 1000 ml volumetric flask and make up to volume.

[0119] Calibration is required before use. The calibration method is as follows: take 10 ml of potassium dichromate standard solution in a 500 ml conical flask, dilute it to about 110 ml with water, slowly add 30 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid, mix well, cool, add 3 drops of ferrous acid indicator, and titrate with ammonium ferrous sulfate. The end point is when the color of the solution changes from yellow to blue-green to reddish brown.

[0120] Calculation formula:

[0121] C=0.2500×10.00 / V

[0122] Where:

[0123] C——concentration of ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution;

[0124] V——volume of standard solution.

[0125] d) Sulfuric acid-silver sulfate solution: Add 5 g of silver sulfate to 500 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid and allow to dissolve for 24 hours.

[0126] e) Mercury sulfate: crystals or powder.

[0127] 4.2.2 Instruments

[0128] Condenser, ground-mouth conical flask, heater or electric furnace, acid burette.

[0129] 4.2.3 Steps

[0130] a) Take 5 ml of sample, weigh accurately to 0.0001 g, transfer to a 2500 ml volumetric flask and make up to 2500 ml, accurately transfer 20 ml of diluent to a 250 ml ground conical flask, accurately add 10 ml of potassium dichromate standard solution, add a few glass beads, and connect a reflux condenser. Slowly add 30 ml of sulfuric acid-silver sulfate solution from the top of the condenser, shake well, and start heating. After boiling, heat and reflux for 2 hours.

[0131] b) After cooling, slowly rinse the condenser tube wall from the top with 90ml of water and remove the conical flask. (The total volume of the solution must not be less than 140ml)

[0132] c) After cooling, add 3 drops of ferrous sulfate indicator and titrate with standard ammonium ferrous sulfate solution. The end point is when the color of the solution changes from yellow to blue-green to reddish brown. Record the amount of ammonium ferrous sulfate used V1.

[0133] d) At the same time, perform a blank test using 20 ml of distilled water and the same procedure. Record the amount of ammonium ferrous sulfate used (V0).

[0134] 4.2.4 Calculation

[0135] Calculation formula:

[0136] CODcr(mg / kg)=(V0-V1)×C×8×1000×500 / 20M

[0137] Where:

[0138] V0——the amount of ammonium ferrous sulfate used in the blank sample;

[0139] V1——Amount of ammonium ferrous sulfate used in water sample;

[0140] C——Ammonium ferrous sulfate concentration;

[0141] 8 – the molar mass of oxygen (1 / 2O);

[0142] M——Sample mass.

[0143] 4.3 pH determination

[0144] It is carried out according to the glass electrode method of GB6920-86.

[0145] 4.4 Determination of water-insoluble matter

[0146] 4.4.1 Reagents and instruments

[0147] Electric oven; crucible filter.

[0148] 4.4.2 Determination steps

[0149] Weigh 20g sample (accurate to 0.01g), place it in a 250ml beaker, add 150ml water, heat to boiling, filter with a crucible filter (filter plate pore size 5-15um) that has been dried in an oven at 105-110℃ to constant weight, wash the filter residue with hot water, and bake in an oven at 105-110℃ to constant weight.

[0150] 4.4.3 Calculation

[0151] Calculation formula:

[0152] Water insoluble matter (%) = m × 100 / M

[0153] Where:

[0154] m——mass of water-insoluble residue (g);

[0155] M——mass of sample (g).

[0156] 4.5 Total phosphorus determination

[0157] The determination of total phosphorus in water quality was carried out according to the ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method GB / T11893-1989.

[0158] 4.6 Total nitrogen determination

[0159] According to HJ636-2012, the total nitrogen content of water was determined by alkaline potassium persulfate digestion and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and the total nitrogen content of 25% solution was determined as a reference condition.

[0160] Calculation formula:

[0161] Total nitrogen = V1-V0

[0162] Where:

[0163] V0——total nitrogen content of 25% solution;

[0164] V1 – total nitrogen content in the sample.

[0165] 4.7 Ammonia nitrogen determination

[0166] The determination of ammonia nitrogen in water quality was carried out according to HJ536-2009 salicylic acid spectrophotometry.

[0167] 4.8 Determination of animal and vegetable oils

[0168] It is carried out according to HJ637-2012 Water quality-Determination of petroleum, animal and vegetable oils-Infrared spectrophotometry.

[0169] 5 Requirements

[0170] 5.1 Batching and Sampling

[0171] 100 tons of products produced with the same raw materials and the same process are considered as one batch. According to GB / T6678-1986 General Rules for Sampling of Chemical Products, the sampling volume is not less than 200 grams. After mixing, the samples are divided into two clean ground-mouth glass bottles and sealed tightly. The model, batch number and sampling time are marked. One is for testing and the other is kept for future reference.

[0172] 5.2 Factory Inspection

[0173] Products can only leave the factory or enter the warehouse after they have passed the inspection of the company's quality inspection department and attached with a certificate of compliance. The factory inspection items are all the technical requirements of this standard.

[0174] 1. Marking, packaging, transportation and storage

[0175] 6.1 Logo

[0176] The packaging should be firmly marked with the following information: manufacturer name, product name, net content, production date and standard packaging mark should comply with the provisions of GB / T 191.

[0177] 6.2 Transportation

[0178] Zero emission carbon sources should be protected from sunlight, rain and moisture during transportation. They should not be transported together with flammable liquids or corrosive liquid substances.

[0179] 6.3 Storage

[0180] It should be stored in a cool and dry warehouse, away from sunlight and rain. It should not be stored together with flammable liquids or corrosive liquids. Under the packaging, transportation and storage conditions specified in this standard, the shelf life is 12 months from the date of production.

[0181] The following discloses a restaurant waste resource recovery system equipment.

[0182] Reference Figure 2-Figure 3 , a restaurant waste resource system equipment, including a new solid-liquid separator with an innovative structure, the solid-liquid separator includes a shell 100, a dehydration component 200, a liquid conveying component 300, a dehydrated material conveying component 400, a crushing component 500 and a crushed material conveying component 600;

[0183] The top of the housing 100 is provided with a feed inlet 110, which is used to feed solid catering waste with high water content, and the bottom of the housing 100 is provided with a liquid discharge port 120 and a solid discharge port 130;

[0184] The dehydration assembly 200 is disposed at the upper part of the housing 100, and is used to receive solid catering waste, and dehydrate it to separate it into liquid and dehydrated matter; the liquid delivery assembly 300 is used to deliver the liquid separated by the dehydration assembly 200 to the liquid discharge port 120;

[0185] The dehydrated material conveying assembly 400 is used to input the dehydrated material separated by the dehydration assembly 200 into the crushing assembly 500; the crushing assembly 500 is arranged in the lower part of the shell 100, and is used to crush large particles of dehydrated material into small particles of crushed material; the crushed material conveying assembly 600 is used to output the crushed material produced by the crushing assembly 500 to the solid discharge port 130.

[0186] The dehydration assembly 200 includes a motor 210, a main shaft 220 and a dehydration barrel 230. The lower end of the main shaft 220 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 210, and the upper end of the main shaft 220 is fixedly connected to the dehydration barrel 230. A water collecting barrel 240 is provided outside the dehydration barrel 230. A drainage hole 241 is provided at the bottom of the water collecting barrel 240. The dehydration barrel 230 is placed in the water collecting barrel 240. The liquid conveying assembly 300 includes a drainage groove 310. The drainage groove 310 is located directly below the drainage hole 241. The drainage groove 310 is connected to the liquid discharge port 120 through a pipeline.

[0187] The crushing assembly 500 includes a grinding plate 510, a counterweight plate 520, a grinding wheel 530 and a turntable driving mechanism 560; a grinding groove 540 is provided on the grinding plate 510, and a counterweight plate 520 is installed on the grinding groove 540. A water collecting bucket 240 is fixedly installed on the top of the counterweight plate 520, and the weight of the dehydration assembly on the water collecting bucket 240 can be transferred to the counterweight plate 520 to provide a crushing effect. The counterweight plate 520 is connected to the turntable driving mechanism 560, and a grinding wheel 530 is rotatably installed at the bottom of the counterweight plate 520. The grinding wheel 530 and the grinding groove 540 are rollingly matched, and the bottom surface of the grinding groove 540 is a sieve plate 550 with holes;

[0188] The dehydrated material conveying assembly 400 includes a vertical elevator 410 and a conveying pipeline 420. The lower end of the vertical elevator 410 is a material input port 430, and the material input port 430 is close to the bottom of the dehydration barrel 230. The upper end of the vertical elevator 410 is provided with a material output port 440, and the material output port 440 is connected to one end of the conveying pipeline 420, and the other end of the conveying pipeline 420 is connected to the grinding trough 540; the crushed material conveying assembly 600 includes a receiving hopper 610, which is arranged below the screen plate 550, and the bottom of the receiving hopper 610 is connected to the solid discharge port 130.

[0189] The vertical lifting machine 410 includes a cylinder 411 and a shaft spiral blade 412. A material input port 430 and a material output port 440 are arranged on the cylinder 411. A guide plate 431 is provided at the material input port 430. The upper end of the cylinder 411 is fixedly connected to the shell 100, and the lower end of the cylinder 411 is rotatably connected to the dewatering barrel 230. The shaft spiral blade 412 is rotatably installed in the cylinder 411, and the lower end of the shaft spiral blade 412 is fixedly connected to the dewatering barrel 230.

[0190] The restaurant waste dehydration, pulverization and recycling device achieves efficient dehydration and pulverization of solid restaurant waste through a series of integrated components. The working principle of the device is as follows:

[0191] Solid catering waste is first fed into the device through the feed port 110 at the top of the housing 100. Subsequently, the dehydration assembly 200 starts to work, the motor 210 drives the main shaft 220 to rotate, and the dehydration barrel 230 connected to the upper end of the main shaft rotates accordingly. The catering waste is mechanically dehydrated inside the dehydration barrel to separate the liquid and solid in the waste. The liquid generated during the dehydration process is collected in the external water collection barrel 240, and discharged into the drainage trough 310 located directly below it through the drainage hole 241 at the bottom of the water collection barrel, and finally transported to the liquid discharge port 120 through a pipeline.

[0192] The dehydrated catering waste (dehydrated material) is further processed by the dehydrated material conveying assembly 400. During dehydration, the guide plate 431 pushes the material outward to improve the dehydration effect. When the material is discharged, the dehydration barrel and the cylinder body can be controlled to rotate slowly in the opposite direction relative to each other, so that the guide plate 431 guides the dehydrated material into the material input port 430, and the axial spiral blade 412 of the vertical elevator 410 rotates relative to the cylinder body to convey the dehydrated material from the material input port 430 to the material output port 440, and then the dehydrated material is conveyed into the grinding groove 540 of the crushing assembly 500 through the conveying pipeline 420. In the crushing assembly, a counterweight plate 520 is installed above the grinding groove 540 on the grinding plate 510, and a grinding wheel 530 is fixed on the counterweight plate. The counterweight plate 520 is driven to rotate by the turntable driving mechanism 560, driving the grinding wheel to roll and grind the dehydrated material. The perforated screen plate 550 at the bottom of the mill trough allows small particles of crushed material to pass through after grinding, while larger materials that are not fully dehydrated or ground continue to be further acted upon by the grinding wheels in the mill trough.

[0193] The crushed small particles fall into the receiving hopper 610, which collects all the crushed materials passing through the screen plate and outputs them through the solid discharge port 130 connected at the bottom, completing the entire dehydration and crushing process.

[0194] The design of the entire device ensures the continuity, automation and high efficiency of catering waste treatment. At the same time, the spiral blades of the vertical elevator 410 effectively transport the dehydrated materials to the crushing stage, realizing seamless connection between the dehydration and crushing processes, and improving the overall processing capacity and resource recovery rate.

[0195] As attached Figure 4-Figure 5As shown, the cylinder 411 is alternately provided with fixed stirring paddles 413 and movable stirring paddles 414 from top to bottom. The fixed stirring paddle 413 is fixedly connected to the cylinder 411 through a fixed ring 415, and the movable stirring paddle 414 is rotatably connected to the cylinder 411 through a rotating ring 417. A protrusion 416 is provided on the end surface of the fixed ring 415, and an arc-shaped limiting groove 418 is provided on the end surface of the rotating ring 417. The protrusion 416 is slidably connected to the arc-shaped limiting groove 418.

[0196] As attached Figure 6-Figure 7 As shown, the fixed stirring paddle 413 and the movable stirring paddle 414 have different states when the dehydration barrel 230 rotates forward and reverse. When the dehydration barrel 230 rotates forward, the angle between the fixed stirring paddle 413 and the movable stirring paddle 414 is zero, so that the fixed stirring paddle 413 and the movable stirring paddle 414 can be arranged in a row up and down to gather the dehydrated materials for convenient discharge through the elevator. When the dehydration barrel 230 is reversed, the fixed stirring paddle 413 and the movable stirring paddle 414 are spread out at a certain angle, which plays the role of repeatedly stirring the materials. Increase the fluidity of the materials and reduce the blockage and clumping of the materials during the dehydration process.

[0197] The outer ends of the fixed stirring paddle 413 and the movable stirring paddle 414 are fixedly mounted with arc-shaped scrapers 419, which are in contact with the inner wall of the dehydration barrel 230. This configuration not only enhances the effect of stirring and conveying the dehydrated material, but also helps to keep the inner wall of the dehydration barrel clean. When the protrusion 416 is located at one end of the arc-shaped limiting groove 418, the positions of the fixed stirring paddle 413 and the movable stirring paddle 414 are aligned up and down, and the arc-shaped scrapers 419 thereon are spliced ​​into a large scraper assembly, which helps to gather the materials in the initial stage of vertical lifting. When the protrusion 416 is located at the other end of the arc-shaped limiting groove 418, the positions of the fixed stirring paddle 413 and the movable stirring paddle 414 are staggered up and down, and the arc-shaped scrapers 419 thereon are separated from each other. This staggered configuration helps to improve the stirring and dispersing effect, prevent the material from caking during the dehydration process, and the staggered arc-shaped scrapers 419 can more effectively clean the inner wall of the dehydration barrel 230 to prevent the material from adhering and accumulating.

[0198] As attached Figure 8As shown, the turntable drive mechanism 560 includes a vertical transmission shaft 561, a belt drive speed reduction mechanism 562 and a gear transmission mechanism 563. The vertical transmission shaft 561 is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the housing 100. The vertical transmission shaft 561 provides a stable support and a basis for transmitting power for the entire drive system. The belt drive speed reduction mechanism 562 is arranged between the lower end of the vertical transmission shaft 561 and the main shaft 220. This speed reduction mechanism reduces the high speed output by the motor 210 to a low speed suitable for the operation of the grinding wheel 530 through belt transmission, and provides greater torque to ensure that the grinding wheel can effectively crush the dehydrated material. The gear transmission mechanism 563 is arranged between the upper end of the vertical transmission shaft 561 and the counterweight disc 520. The gear transmission mechanism 563 is responsible for accurately transmitting the power after deceleration to the counterweight disc 520 to drive it to rotate. Gear transmission usually has a high transmission efficiency and torque transmission capacity to ensure the stability and reliability of the crushing process. The turntable drive mechanism 560 is designed to transmit the power of the motor to the counterweight disc 520 through the vertical transmission shaft 561, thereby driving the grinding wheel 530 to perform the crushing operation.

[0199] A first clutch 564 is provided in the middle of the vertical transmission shaft 561, and the first clutch 564 is used to disconnect or transmit the power between the belt drive reduction mechanism 562 and the gear transmission mechanism 563. Through the disconnection and connection of the first clutch 564, the operator can flexibly control the operation of the crushing assembly 500 according to actual work requirements. For example, during maintenance or cleaning, the power transmission can be disconnected to ensure safety.

[0200] A second clutch 250 is provided between the main shaft 220 and the dehydration barrel 230, and the second clutch 250 is used to disconnect or transmit the power between the motor 210 and the dehydration barrel 230. This design allows the dehydration barrel 230 to be connected to the power of the motor 210 when necessary for efficient dehydration processing, and can also be disconnected when necessary to facilitate maintenance, cleaning or shutdown operations at the end of processing.

[0201] The working principle of the first clutch 564 and the second clutch 250 is similar to that of the clutch in a car, and the power transmission is controlled by separation and engagement. When dehydration is required, the first clutch 564 is disconnected, the second clutch 250 is engaged, and the power of the motor 210 is transmitted to the dehydration barrel 230, driving it to rotate and realize the dehydration process. If it is necessary to stop dehydration or perform crushing operation, the first clutch 564 is engaged, and the second clutch 250 can be disconnected, thereby cutting off the power transmission between the motor and the dehydration barrel, and transmitting the power of the motor 210 to the grinding wheel for crushing. The dehydration component and the crushing component can operate independently or collaboratively as needed, and can more flexibly control the operating state of the device, thereby improving the working efficiency and operating convenience of the entire catering waste dehydration, crushing and recycling device.

[0202] The entire process not only achieves the reduction and harmless treatment of catering waste, but also realizes waste disposal by converting waste into valuable products through resource utilization. In addition, through this process, the environmental pressure caused by landfill and incineration can be reduced, while providing low-cost feed for insect farming.

Claims

1. A process for producing carbon source from restaurant waste, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1, the catering waste is passed through a protein fine separator to obtain protein catering waste and vegetable and fruit staple food catering waste; S2, protein-based restaurant waste is passed through a debris fine separator to obtain combustible impurity materials and protein-based materials; the protein-based materials are separated by a solid-liquid separator to obtain protein-based solids and protein-based liquids; the protein-based liquid is subjected to liquid emulsification treatment to obtain a carbon source slurry; S3, vegetable and fruit staple food catering waste is treated by liquid emulsification and solid hydrolysis to obtain carbon source pulp; S4, the carbon source pulp is separated into organic pulp, oil and liquid phase by a centrifuge, and the liquid phase is the crude carbon source; S5, the crude carbon source is subjected to denitrification catalysis, suspended solids extraction and blending stabilization to obtain a zero-emission carbon source.

2. The process for producing carbon source from restaurant waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon source slurry in step S4 is subjected to centralized refining treatment before entering the centrifuge. The centralized refining includes: Cavitation carbonation: Part of the suspended matter is converted into water-soluble COD through cavitation, with the goal of increasing the COD in the liquid by more than 10%, while also having sterilization and sedimentation functions; Bacterial flora fragrance enhancement: Add deodorizing bacteria and fragrance-enhancing bacteria to give it a sour aroma.

3. The process for producing carbon source from restaurant waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic pulp residue in step S4 is used to make insect feed, or is recycled for solid hydrolysis to generate a crude carbon source.

4. The process for producing carbon source from restaurant waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The denitrification catalysis in step S5 includes the following steps: Electrocoagulation: Separate suspended matter from grease, partially flocculate and settle suspended matter, greatly reducing the pressure of air flotation and impurity removal; Pure oxygen to stop corruption: pure oxygen is introduced to prevent anaerobic fermentation and corruption, while removing part of the ammonia nitrogen; Nitrogen and phosphorus removal: This process is selected by the carbon source demander and there are two options: (1) Magnesium chloride MgCL2 reacts with ammonia ions and phosphorus ions to form struvite MgNH4PO4·6H2O for precipitation and removal; (2) Using the electrochemical method of removing ammonia and nitrogen, the pH value of the carbon source is first quickly brought to neutral by the electrode, a small amount of alkali is added, and oxygen is blown for aeration for 10-30 minutes.

5. The process for producing carbon source from restaurant waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extraction of suspended matter in step S5 includes the following steps: separating the crude carbon source after denitrification catalysis into three parts: precipitation and turbid liquid, supernatant and middle clear liquid through a separation tower; separating the precipitation and turbid liquid and supernatant into liquid phase, oil and slurry residue through a centrifuge, and the slurry residue is used to make insect feed; the liquid phase is recycled into the separation tower for reuse, and the middle clear liquid is clarified liquid, and the suspended matter in the clarified liquid will be less than 500PPM; the middle clear liquid is used to make a zero-emission carbon source.

6. The process for producing carbon source from restaurant waste according to claim 5, characterized in that: Precipitates and turbid solutions are formed by the spontaneous settling of suspended matter within 1-6 hours.

7. The process for producing carbon source from restaurant waste according to claim 5, characterized in that: Salvage robot: In order to reduce the oil content to less than 500PPM, the floating objects are salvaged and filtered out by a salvage robot and then input into the centrifuge.

8. The process for producing carbon source from restaurant waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blending and stabilization in step S5 includes the following steps: Micro-nano flotation: This process is set up to ensure that the carbon source oil content is less than 500PPM; Compounding and blending: Add compound carbon source and blending agent to achieve the required cod and storage time requirements; Deodorization and stabilization: Add deodorization stabilizer when the temperature is above 32°C to prevent bad odor and flatulence.

9. The process for producing carbon source from restaurant waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The technical indicators of the zero-emission carbon source are: COD value ≥100,000 mg / L for kitchen waste, COD value ≥150,000 mg / L for catering waste, pH value 5-7, water-insoluble matter content ≤0.1%, total phosphorus content ≤50 mg / L, total nitrogen content ≤1000 mg / L, ammonia nitrogen content ≤500 mg / L, animal and vegetable oil content ≤1000 mg / L.

10. Restaurant waste resource system equipment, characterized by: A solid-liquid separator for a process for producing a carbon source from restaurant waste as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, the solid-liquid separator comprising a housing (100), a dehydration component (200), a liquid conveying component (300), a dehydrated material conveying component (400), a pulverizing component (500) and a pulverized material conveying component (600); The top of the housing (100) is provided with a feed inlet (110), and the feed inlet (110) is used to put solid catering waste with high water content, and the bottom of the housing (100) is provided with a liquid discharge outlet (120) and a solid discharge outlet (130); The dehydration component (200) is arranged at the upper part of the housing (100) and is used to receive solid-phase catering waste and dehydrate it to separate it into liquid and dehydrated matter; the liquid conveying component (300) is used to convey the liquid separated by the dehydration component (200) to the liquid discharge port (120); The dehydrated material conveying assembly (400) is used to input the dehydrated material separated by the dehydrating assembly (200) into the pulverizing assembly (500); the pulverizing assembly (500) is arranged at the lower part of the shell (100) and is used to pulverize large particles of dehydrated material into small particles of pulverized material; the pulverized material conveying assembly (600) is used to output the pulverized material generated by the pulverizing assembly (500) to the solid discharge port (130).

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