Slope presplitting hole drilling, positioning and measuring device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a side slope presplitting hole drilling, positioning and measuring device and method.The device comprises an optical centering base, the upper portion of the optical centering base is fixedly connected with a first adjusting seat, a first adjusting block is slidably arranged in the first adjusting seat, one end of the first adjusting block is connected with a first adjusting screw, and a first knob is arranged at the end of the first adjusting screw; when the first knob is rotated, the first adjusting block moves left and right in the first adjusting seat, the first adjusting seat is connected with a stand column, the top end of the stand column is fixedly connected with a second adjusting seat, a laser gradienter is installed on the first adjusting seat, and a laser is further fixedly arranged on the stand column. According to the method, complex and tedious working procedures and equipment with large errors, such as erection of a sample frame, hanging of a drop hammer as a direction line for manual aiming adjustment and observation of an inclination angle by adopting a slope scale or a geological compass in traditional presplitting hole forming construction, are avoided, and the problems that the hole inclination precision of the presplitting hole is difficult to control and the real-time measurement precision is low are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of blasting engineering, and in particular relates to a device and method for measuring the positioning of a pre-crack hole drilled in a slope. Background Art

[0002] Pre-splitting hole drilling precision control technology is a key link to ensure the quality of blasting projects, especially in high slope excavation of large hydropower stations, mining, other civil engineering and tunnel construction. Accurate drilling can not only improve the blasting effect, but also effectively control costs and reduce environmental impact. Pre-splitting hole drilling precision control technology originated in the field of mining in the 20th century. With the development of engineering technology, its application scope has gradually expanded to other engineering fields. The importance of this technology is reflected in the following aspects: (1) Blasting effect: Precision control directly affects the blasting effect and the throwing distance of the rock.

[0003] (2) Safety: Precise drilling can reduce the safety risks of flying rocks and shock waves to the surrounding environment and personnel.

[0004] (3) Economic benefits: Improving drilling accuracy helps reduce material waste and improve engineering efficiency, thereby reducing costs.

[0005] Achieving precise control of pre-split hole drilling accuracy requires consideration of several key factors, including: (1) Drilling equipment: High-precision drilling equipment is the basis for accurate drilling. Site preparation is also one of the key factors. Remove floating debris on the pre-splitting hole drilling site to ensure accurate positioning of the drilling rig and reduce hole blockage, vibration and displacement.

[0006] (2) Geological conditions: Under different geological conditions, the difficulty of drilling and the method of precision control will vary.

[0007] (3) Operation technology: The operator's technical level and experience have a direct impact on drilling accuracy.

[0008] (4) Measurement and monitoring: Accurate measurement and real-time monitoring are key means to ensure drilling accuracy.

[0009] During the blasting excavation of high slopes, the drilling accuracy of pre-crack holes plays a vital role in the stability and quality control of the slopes. At present, the commonly used hydraulic down-the-hole drills often use sample frames for orientation during drilling operations. A plumb line is hung in the drilling positioning direction, and the operator relies on the naked eye to observe the direction line for control. The inclination angle is mainly controlled by an angle ruler or a geological compass, etc. The measurement accuracy is relatively rough, the human error is large, and the setting up of the sample frame is labor-intensive and time-consuming, which cannot meet the requirements of rapid construction and high-precision quality control. Therefore, it is urgent to invent an economical and practical device and method for drilling positioning and hole inclination measurement of slope pre-crack holes that can effectively improve the drilling accuracy. Summary of the invention

[0010] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a device and method for measuring the positioning of pre-crack holes in slopes, so as to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the precision of pre-crack holes is difficult to control during slope drilling and blasting excavation.

[0011] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a device for positioning and measuring a pre-crack hole in a slope is provided, comprising an optical centering base, wherein the upper portion of the optical centering base is fixedly connected to a first adjustment seat, a first adjustment block is slidably arranged in the first adjustment seat, one end of the first adjustment block is connected to a first adjustment screw, a first knob is arranged at the end of the first adjustment screw, and when the first knob is rotated, the first adjustment block is moved left and right in the first adjustment seat, a column is connected to the first adjustment seat, the top end of the column is fixedly connected to a second adjustment seat, a second adjustment block is slidably arranged in the second adjustment seat, one end of the second adjustment block is connected to a second adjustment screw, a second knob is arranged at the end of the second adjustment screw, and when the second knob is rotated, the second adjustment block is moved left and right in the second adjustment seat, a laser level is installed on the second adjustment seat, a laser is also fixedly arranged on the column, the emission direction of the laser is vertically downward, and the guiding accuracy of the laser is not less than ±0.1 mm / m.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes a tripod, which is arranged at the bottom of the optical centering base and is used to connect with the optical centering base; it also includes a leveling mechanism, which is installed on the top of the first adjustment seat or the top of the second adjustment seat, and the leveling mechanism is used to detect the horizontality.

[0013] Preferably, the leveling mechanism comprises two tube levels which are perpendicular to each other in space, and the two tube levels are arranged horizontally.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes a laser receiving target, the front side of which is coated with a reflective material coating for receiving laser signals. The laser receiving target is provided with a plurality of photoelectric sensors for detecting the intensity and position of the laser beam. The photoelectric sensors are evenly distributed in the effective receiving area of ​​the laser receiving target for accurately sensing changes in the laser beam. When the laser beam is irradiated onto the laser receiving target, the photoelectric sensor converts the received light signal into an electrical signal and transmits it to the signal processing unit.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes a Bluetooth communication module and an alarm system. The Bluetooth communication module is electrically connected to the signal processing unit, and the signal processing unit is also electrically connected to the alarm system. When the laser signal intensity change or position deviation on the laser receiving target exceeds a set threshold, the signal processing unit triggers the alarm system. The Bluetooth communication module is used to communicate with the mobile terminal.

[0016] Preferably, the alarm system comprises an acoustic alarm and / or a visual alarm.

[0017] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for measuring the positioning of a pre-crack hole in a slope, using two of the above-mentioned pre-crack hole drilling and measuring devices, and specifically comprising the following steps: A set of the slope pre-splitting hole drilling positioning and measuring devices is respectively set up on the X and Y direction lines of the positioning hole coordinates and coincides with the corresponding axis. The X direction controls the plane azimuth of the drilling rig, and the Y direction controls the starting position of the drilling rig inclination angle. Then, a dual-axis digital display inclinometer is used to measure the inclination angle of the drilling rig in real time during the drilling construction, so as to accurately measure the plane position and inclination of the drilling rig during the pre-splitting hole drilling construction, and compare them with the design value in real time, so that the drilling rig operator can correct the deviation in time; When the laser signal intensity change or position deviation on the laser receiving target exceeds the set threshold, the signal processing unit triggers the alarm system to issue an alarm reminder.

[0018] Compared with the existing method, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The implementation of the present invention avoids the complex and cumbersome processes and equipment with large errors such as setting up a sample frame, hanging a hammer as a direction line for manual aiming and adjustment, and using a slope ruler or a geological compass to observe the inclination angle in traditional pre-splitting hole construction, and solves the difficult problems of difficult control of the inclination accuracy of pre-splitting holes and low real-time measurement accuracy.

[0019] The present invention adopts a downward-pointing laser level, which is set up in two vertical directions to accurately lock the drilling plane positioning, and adopts a dual-axis digital display inclinometer to measure the inclination angle of the drilling rig in real time. It can conveniently, quickly and accurately measure the plane position and inclination of the drilling rig during drilling construction, and timely guide the on-site correction operation. It can significantly save the labor cost of professional measurement technicians, realize the digital transformation of traditional hydraulic down-the-hole drilling rigs, and improve the work efficiency and accuracy of drilling operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the slope pre-crack hole drilling positioning and measuring device in the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the implementation status of the present invention.

[0022] In the above drawings: 1. optical centering base; 2. first adjustment seat; 3. first adjustment block; 4. first adjustment screw; 5. first knob; 6. column; 7. second adjustment seat; 8. second adjustment block; 9. second adjustment screw; 10. second knob; 11. laser level; 12. laser; 13. leveling mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation modes.

[0024] The key and difficulty of the pre-splitting hole making precision control lies in the accuracy of the hole position and the consistency of the hole inclination angle. The hole position error specification generally requires ≤5cm, the unevenness of the blasting slope surface ≤15cm, and the general inclination error of the 10-meter excavation step ≤0.5°. The three-dimensional space hole making precision control of the pre-splitting hole can be decomposed into plane positioning precision control and inclination precision control. The design of the present invention adopts two laser levels with centering and leveling functions to calibrate the two positioning reference axes of the pre-splitting hole (X, Y) coordinates respectively (a laser level is set up on the X and Y direction lines of the positioning hole coordinates to coincide with them, the X direction controls the plane azimuth of the drilling rig, and the Y reverse direction controls the starting position of the drilling rig inclination angle), and then a dual-axis digital display inclinometer is used to measure the inclination angle of the drilling rig in real time during the drilling construction (control the inclination angle of the drilling rig), so that the plane position and inclination of the drilling rig in the pre-splitting hole drilling construction can be accurately measured, and compared with the design value in real time, so as to facilitate the drilling rig operator to correct the deviation in time, which is explained in detail below.

[0025] This embodiment provides a slope pre-crack hole drilling positioning measurement device, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes an optical centering base 1, the upper part of the optical centering base 1 is fixedly connected to a first adjustment seat 2, a first adjustment block 3 is slidably arranged in the first adjustment seat 2, one end of the first adjustment block 3 is connected to a first adjustment screw 4, a first knob 5 is arranged at the end of the first adjustment screw 4, when the first knob 5 is rotated, the first adjustment block 3 moves left and right in the first adjustment seat 2, a column 6 is connected to the first adjustment seat 2, the top of the column 6 is fixedly connected to a second adjustment seat 7, a second adjustment block 8 is slidably arranged in the second adjustment seat 7, one end of the second adjustment block 8 is connected to a second adjustment screw 9, a second knob 10 is arranged at the end of the second adjustment screw 9, when the second knob 10 is rotated, the second adjustment block 8 moves left and right in the second adjustment seat 7, a laser level 11 is installed on the second adjustment seat 7, a laser 12 is also fixedly arranged on the column 6, the emission direction of the laser 12 is vertically downward, and the guiding accuracy of the laser 12 is not less than ±0.1mm / m.

[0026] In some embodiments, a tripod is further included, and the tripod is arranged at the bottom of the optical centering base 1 for connecting with the optical centering base; a leveling mechanism 13 is further included, and the leveling mechanism 13 is installed on the first adjustment seat. 2 The leveling mechanism 13 is used to detect the horizontality at the top or the top of the second adjustment seat 7. The tripod is preferably made of high-strength aluminum alloy, and the legs are designed as a retractable structure. Through the spiral adjustment device, the height of the tripod can be accurately adjusted to adapt to different terrains. A three-claw gripping mechanism is set at the bottom of each tripod, which can penetrate into the rock and soil, increase the friction with the ground, and improve stability.

[0027] In the above embodiment, the laser point emitted by the laser 12 is vertically downward, which is used to accurately center the control point of the measurement and layout. The centering accuracy of the control point can reach within ±1mm, and the laser point is made to coincide with the control point by adjusting the position and state of the tripod.

[0028] In some preferred embodiments, the leveling mechanism 13 includes two tube levels that are perpendicular to each other in space, and the two tube levels are arranged horizontally. This embodiment adopts a water bubble leveling method, and two water bubble tubes that are perpendicular to each other are installed on the base of the laser level, which are used to detect the inclination in the horizontal and vertical directions respectively. When adjusting, the water bubble is centered by adjusting the foot screw of the tripod to achieve the leveling operation of the instrument.

[0029] In other preferred embodiments, a laser receiving target is also included. The front side of the laser receiving target is coated with a reflective material coating for receiving laser signals. The laser receiving target is provided with a plurality of photoelectric sensors for detecting the intensity and position of the laser beam. The photoelectric sensors are evenly distributed in the effective receiving area of ​​the laser receiving target for accurately sensing the changes of the laser beam. When the laser beam is irradiated on the laser receiving target, the photoelectric sensor converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal and transmits it to the signal processing unit. The laser receiving target can adopt a square thin target body. The front side of the target body is coated with a material with high reflectivity, which can effectively reflect the laser beam and improve the receiving effect. The size of the target body is designed according to the actual use scenario, such as a square self-adhesive laser receiving target with a side length of 10 cm, which is convenient for sticking on the bracket of the drilling rig to fix the drill pipe.

[0030] In some preferred embodiments, a Bluetooth communication module and an alarm system are also included. The Bluetooth communication module is electrically connected to the signal processing unit, and the signal processing unit is also electrically connected to the alarm system. When the laser signal intensity on the laser receiving target changes or the position offset exceeds the set threshold, the signal processing unit triggers the alarm system, and the Bluetooth communication module is used to communicate with the mobile terminal. Preferably, low-power Bluetooth technology (BLE) is used to ensure that battery consumption is reduced while maintaining communication. When the drilling rig is displaced, causing the laser signal intensity on the laser receiving target to change or the position offset exceeds the set threshold, the signal processing unit triggers the alarm system. There are two alarm modes: sound alarm (built-in buzzer emits an alarm sound) and visual alarm (LED indicator light flashes on the laser level). At the same time, information such as the offset value is sent to a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone APP via Bluetooth, and the alarm information and actual offset value are intuitively displayed on the APP interface.

[0031] Through the above embodiments, since the drill rod of the drilling rig is attached to the drilling rig fixed support, the inclination angle of the drill rod is equivalent to the inclination angle of the drilling rig fixed support. When a high-precision dual-axis digital display inclination sensor is installed on the drilling rig fixed support, the inclination angle of the drill frame can be observed at any time during the drilling process of the drilling rig, and the goal of real-time monitoring of the drilling angle can be achieved. According to the feedback of the inclination sensor, the angle of the drilling rig is adjusted in time during the drilling process to ensure that the deviation is within the allowable range, thereby achieving precise control of the pre-splitting hole inclination. The inclination sensor supports Bluetooth 5.0 technology and can be directly connected to the mobile phone APP for viewing.

[0032] Now we provide a structural form of inclination sensor, the shell is made of aluminum alloy, which has the characteristics of high strength, light weight and corrosion resistance. According to the size of the custom-developed or common dual-axis digital inclinometer on the market, the internal space of the metal box is designed to be 15-20 cm long, 10-15 cm wide and 5-8 cm high. The wall thickness of the metal box is 3-5 mm to ensure sufficient strength. The box body is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, with six faces, namely the top surface (connected to the box cover), the bottom surface (connected to the drilling rig fixed bracket) and four side surfaces. The bottom surface and the four side surfaces are made of aluminum alloy, and the top surface is opened with a transparent explosion-proof plastic box cover, which is convenient for real-time observation of the angle change of the inclinometer. There is a groove (protection hole) in the center of the bottom surface, which is convenient for unloading the metal protection box when not in use.

[0033] Choose NdFeB permanent magnets as magnetic blocks. Install magnetic blocks at the four corners of the bottom of the metal box. Each magnetic block has a diameter of 1-2 cm and a thickness of 0.5-1 cm. The magnetic block is embedded. A circular groove is opened on the bottom of the metal box. Put the magnetic block into the groove and fix it with glue or screws to ensure that the magnetic block is flush with the bottom surface to avoid affecting the fit with the fixed bracket. The surface of the magnetic block is chrome-plated to improve the flatness and finish of the magnetic surface, prevent rust, enhance the magnetic effect and ensure long-term stability.

[0034] There is an opening in the middle of the top surface of the metal box. The box cover window is made of polycarbonate (PC) material and is manufactured by injection molding. This material has good transparency, high strength and explosion-proof performance. A sealing rubber ring is set on the edge of the box cover and glued. One side of the box cover is connected to the top surface of the metal box by a hinge. The hinge is made of stainless steel to ensure durability. A magnetic switch is set on the other side of the box cover, which cooperates with the strip magnetic block at the corresponding position on the long side of the metal box to achieve a tight closure of the box cover.

[0035] Specifically, the alarm system includes an acoustic alarm and / or a light alarm. It should be noted that in the implementation of the present invention, one alarm may be selected alone, or two or more alarms may be selected.

[0036] As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment provides a slope pre-crack hole drilling positioning measurement method, the implementation state is as follows Figure 2 As shown, using two of the slope pre-splitting hole drilling positioning and measuring devices described in any one of the above items specifically includes the following steps: A set of the slope pre-splitting hole drilling positioning and measuring devices is respectively set up on the X and Y direction lines of the positioning hole coordinates and coincides with the corresponding axis. The X direction controls the plane azimuth of the drilling rig, and the Y direction controls the starting position of the drilling rig inclination angle. Then, a dual-axis digital display inclinometer is used to measure the inclination angle of the drilling rig in real time during the drilling construction, so as to accurately measure the plane position and inclination of the drilling rig during the pre-splitting hole drilling construction, and compare them with the design value in real time, so that the drilling rig operator can correct the deviation in time; When the laser signal intensity change or position deviation on the laser receiving target exceeds the set threshold, the signal processing unit triggers the alarm system to issue an alarm reminder.

[0037] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slope pre-crack hole drilling positioning measurement device, characterized in that: It includes an optical centering base, the upper part of which is fixedly connected to a first adjustment seat, a first adjustment block is slidably arranged in the first adjustment seat, one end of the first adjustment block is connected to a first adjustment screw, a first knob is arranged at the end of the first adjustment screw, when the first knob is rotated, the first adjustment block moves left and right in the first adjustment seat, the first adjustment seat is connected to a column, the top end of the column is fixedly connected to a second adjustment seat, a second adjustment block is slidably arranged in the second adjustment seat, one end of the second adjustment block is connected to a second adjustment screw, a second knob is arranged at the end of the second adjustment screw, when the second knob is rotated, the second adjustment block moves left and right in the second adjustment seat, a laser level is installed on the second adjustment seat, a laser is also fixedly arranged on the column, the emission direction of the laser is vertically downward, and the guiding accuracy of the laser is not less than ±0.1mm / m.

2. A slope pre-splitting hole drilling positioning and measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a tripod, which is arranged at the bottom of the optical centering base and is used to connect with the optical centering base; it also includes a leveling mechanism, which is installed on the top of the first adjustment seat or the top of the second adjustment seat, and is used to detect the horizontality.

3. A slope pre-splitting hole drilling positioning and measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The leveling mechanism comprises two tube levels which are perpendicular to each other in space, and the two tube levels are both arranged horizontally.

4. A slope pre-splitting hole drilling positioning and measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a laser receiving target, the front side of which is coated with a reflective material coating for receiving laser signals. The laser receiving target is provided with a plurality of photoelectric sensors for detecting the intensity and position of the laser beam. The photoelectric sensors are evenly distributed in the effective receiving area of ​​the laser receiving target for accurately sensing changes in the laser beam. When the laser beam is irradiated on the laser receiving target, the photoelectric sensor converts the received light signal into an electrical signal and transmits it to the signal processing unit.

5. A slope pre-splitting hole drilling positioning and measuring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a Bluetooth communication module and an alarm system. The Bluetooth communication module is electrically connected to the signal processing unit, and the signal processing unit is also electrically connected to the alarm system. When the laser signal intensity change or position deviation on the laser receiving target exceeds the set threshold, the signal processing unit triggers the alarm system. The Bluetooth communication module is used to communicate with the mobile terminal.

6. A slope pre-crack hole drilling positioning and measuring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The alarm system includes an audible alarm and / or a visual alarm.

7. A method for measuring the positioning of a pre-cracked hole in a slope, characterized in that: Using two slope pre-crack hole drilling positioning and measuring devices according to any one of claims 4 to 6 specifically comprises the following steps: A set of the slope pre-splitting hole drilling positioning and measuring devices is respectively set up on the X and Y direction lines of the positioning hole coordinates and coincides with the corresponding axis. The X direction controls the plane azimuth of the drilling rig, and the Y direction controls the starting position of the drilling rig inclination angle. Then, a dual-axis digital display inclinometer is used to measure the inclination angle of the drilling rig in real time during the drilling construction, so as to accurately measure the plane position and inclination of the drilling rig during the pre-splitting hole drilling construction, and compare them with the design value in real time, so that the drilling rig operator can correct the deviation in time; When the laser signal intensity change or position deviation on the laser receiving target exceeds the set threshold, the signal processing unit triggers the alarm system to issue an alarm reminder.

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